CN111446743A - Photovoltaic charging device - Google Patents
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- CN111446743A CN111446743A CN201811613756.8A CN201811613756A CN111446743A CN 111446743 A CN111446743 A CN 111446743A CN 201811613756 A CN201811613756 A CN 201811613756A CN 111446743 A CN111446743 A CN 111446743A
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
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- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910008310 Si—Ge Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
- H01L31/022433—Particular geometry of the grid contacts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic charging device, comprising: photovoltaic cell subassembly and charging subassembly, photovoltaic cell subassembly includes at least one photovoltaic cell unit, and photovoltaic cell unit includes: the substrate, the front electrode, the power generation layer, the back electrode and the packaging layer are sequentially stacked, a first channel is scribed on the front electrode to form the mutually independent first electrode, a second channel is scribed on the power generation layer to connect the front electrode and the back electrode, and third channels are scribed on the power generation layer and the back electrode in a penetrating manner to form the mutually independent second electrode; the charging assembly includes: the photovoltaic battery pack comprises a charging management module, a discharging management module and a storage battery, wherein the charging management module is connected with a first electrode and a second electrode and guides current in the photovoltaic battery pack into the storage battery, and the discharging management module provides power for a product to be charged from the storage battery. The invention adjusts the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell component by changing the internal structure of the cell or connecting the photovoltaic cell units with the same structure in parallel, ensures the output performance of the cell and meets the requirements of different charging products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic cells, in particular to a photovoltaic charging device.
Background
With the continuous maturity of photovoltaic power generation technology, the traditional centralized power generation gradually becomes decentralized and distributed power generation and utilization, so that the human beings can freely realize the energy utilization mode. In the prior art, distributed photovoltaic power generation systems can be divided into grid-connected type and off-grid type. The grid-connected type is that direct current generated by a system is converted into alternating current and is connected to a power grid; the off-grid photovoltaic power generation system is self-operated and self-used, can be consumed on the spot and is flexible to use. The off-grid solar power generation equipment converts solar energy into electric energy by utilizing the solar cell panel under the condition of illumination, supplies power to a load through the solar charging and discharging controller, and simultaneously charges the storage battery; and in cloudy days or no illumination, the storage battery supplies power to the direct current load through the solar charging and discharging controller.
In the prior art, a charging device manufactured by taking a crystalline silicon solar cell as an off-grid type solar power generation is formed by externally connecting different silicon wafers, the size of each wafer is large (156mm x 156mm), and the working voltage of 1 single crystal silicon is about 0.6V by taking single crystal silicon as an example. The device which meets the charging requirement needs large-area monocrystalline silicon, and if the device is connected in a cutting mode, the yield is low because the silicon wafer is made of brittle materials. The photovoltaic cell component is of a layered structure and can be flexibly adjusted to perform cutting treatment, so that the electrical property output of the photovoltaic cell component with a small area is controlled.
Therefore, it is necessary to design a charging device based on a photovoltaic cell module, which flexibly adjusts the output voltage of the photovoltaic module according to the requirements of users, so as to meet the charging requirements of different products to be charged with low voltage; and designing a matched control circuit to realize the control of the energy storage element.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks and deficiencies of the prior art, it is desirable to provide a charging device based on a photovoltaic cell assembly to improve the adaptability of the photovoltaic cell assembly.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides a photovoltaic charging device, which is characterized by comprising: the photovoltaic cell module is electrically connected with the charging module;
the photovoltaic cell assembly comprises an encapsulation structure and at least one photovoltaic cell unit, wherein the photovoltaic cell unit is arranged in the encapsulation structure and comprises: the substrate, the front electrode, the power generation layer, the back electrode and the packaging layer are sequentially stacked, a first channel is scribed on the front electrode to form mutually independent first electrodes, a second channel is scribed on the power generation layer to connect the front electrode and the back electrode, and third channels are scribed on the power generation layer and the back electrode in a penetrating manner to form mutually independent second electrodes;
the charging assembly, comprising: the photovoltaic cell module comprises a charging management module, a discharging management module and a storage battery, wherein the charging management module is connected with the first electrode and the second electrode, current in the photovoltaic cell module is led into the storage battery, and the discharging management module supplies power to a product to be charged from the storage battery.
Preferably, the first trenches penetrate and scribe the front electrodes, the front electrodes are parallel to each other and are uniformly spaced, the front electrodes are divided into first electrodes which are spaced at equal intervals and are insulated from each other, and the first trenches are filled with the power generation layer;
the second channels are used for carrying out discontinuous penetrating scribing on the power generation layer, the second channels are parallel to each other and are uniformly spaced on the power generation layer to form a series channel connected with the photovoltaic cell subunits, the corresponding positions of the second channels and the first channels on the power generation layer are parallel to each other and are arranged in a staggered mode, and the second channels are filled with the back electrodes;
the third channels are used for penetrating and scribing the power generation layer and the back electrode, the power generation layer and the back electrode are parallel to each other and are uniformly spaced, the back electrode is divided into second electrodes which are equidistant and insulated from each other, and the third channels and the second channels are parallel to each other and are arranged in a staggered mode;
the first channel, the second channel and the third channel divide the photovoltaic cell unit into a plurality of photovoltaic cell sub-units which are connected in series.
Preferably, the photovoltaic cell assembly further comprises: a fourth channel is scribed on the front electrode;
the fourth channel is perpendicular to the first channel, the front electrode is subjected to penetrating scribing, the front electrode is parallel to the front electrode and is uniformly spaced, the first electrode is divided and insulated, and a power generation area and a non-power generation area of the photovoltaic cell unit are isolated.
Preferably, the second channel is disposed between corresponding positions of the fourth channel on the power generation layer;
and two ends of the second channel are respectively spaced from the corresponding positions of the fourth channel on the power generation layer by a first distance.
Preferably, the photovoltaic cell assembly further comprises: a first electrode bus conductive strip and a second electrode bus conductive strip are arranged on the surface of the back electrode;
the first electrode bus conductive band is adhered to the upper surface of one end of the back electrode, is connected with the front electrode through the second channel, and is connected with the first electrode to be led out;
and the second electrode bus conductive band is adhered to the upper surface of the other end of the back electrode and connected with the second electrode to be led out outwards.
Preferably, the photovoltaic cell assembly is configured to set the number of the photovoltaic cell subunits according to a charging voltage of a product to be charged, and adjust the scribing times and scribing positions of the first channel, the second channel, and the third channel;
the photovoltaic cell assembly is further used for setting the number of the photovoltaic cell units according to the charging voltage of a product to be charged, adjusting the scribing times and scribing positions of the fourth channel, insulating and isolating the photovoltaic cell units, and connecting the photovoltaic cell units in parallel through the first electrode convergence conductive band and the second electrode convergence conductive band.
Preferably, the charging management module includes: a diode 1 and a field effect transistor 1 connected in series between the photovoltaic cell assembly and the storage battery;
the charging management module further comprises: the charging monitoring circuit and the voltage and current stabilizing circuit are arranged between the storage battery and the photovoltaic battery assembly in parallel, and the charging monitoring circuit and the voltage and current stabilizing circuit are converged at a node through a diode 2.
Preferably, the charge monitoring circuit includes: one end of the charging monitoring diode is connected with the diode 2, the other end of the charging monitoring diode is connected with the storage battery, and the charging monitoring diode is used for giving out light to the storage battery in a charging state;
the voltage and current stabilizing circuit is provided with a voltage stabilizing tube 1 and a voltage stabilizing tube 2 and controls the output of the photovoltaic cell assembly.
Preferably, the discharge management module includes: a diode 3 connected in series between the accumulator and the product to be charged;
the discharge management module further includes: and the discharge monitoring circuit and the amplifying circuit are arranged between the storage battery and a product to be charged in parallel, and the discharge monitoring circuit and the amplifying circuit are converged at one node through the diode 3.
Preferably, the discharge monitoring circuit includes: one end of the discharge monitoring diode is connected with the diode 3, the other end of the discharge monitoring diode is connected with the storage battery, and the storage battery in a discharge state is subjected to light-emitting indication;
the amplifying circuit is provided with a field effect tube 2 and a field effect tube 3, and amplifies the input current of a product to be charged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the photovoltaic charging device, a special channel structure is scribed in the battery, the output voltage of the solar battery is adjusted on the premise of not changing the area of the battery, and the power supply performance of the solar battery is ensured; the photovoltaic cell module is subjected to adaptive large-scale production aiming at different application occasions, so that the adaptation flexibility of the photovoltaic cell module is enhanced; and the structure of light materials is adopted for packaging outside the photovoltaic cell assembly, so that the photovoltaic cell assembly has the advantages of good safety, attractive appearance, harmonious proportion, convenience in carrying and the like.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic cell module of a photovoltaic charging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the location of channels in a photovoltaic cell assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a partially enlarged schematic view of a channel position in a photovoltaic cell module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a charging assembly control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic cell module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a substrate, 2-a front electrode, 3-a power generation layer, 4-a back electrode, 5-a first channel, 6-a second channel, 7-a third channel, 8-an anode, 9-a cathode, 10-a clear edge, 11-a fourth channel;
12-diode 1, 13-field effect tube 1, 14-diode 2, 15-diode 3, 16-storage battery, 17-voltage regulator tube 1, 18-voltage regulator tube 2, 19-triode 1, 20-triode 2, 21-triode 3, 22-triode 4, 23-charging monitoring diode, 24-discharging monitoring diode, 25-field effect tube 2, 26-field effect tube 3, 27-load lamp, 28-diode 4.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant invention and not restrictive of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Example one
The embodiment of the invention provides a photovoltaic charging device, which changes the internal structure of a photovoltaic cell in a laser scribing mode, enhances the power supply performance of a photovoltaic cell assembly on the premise of not changing the area of the photovoltaic cell assembly, and improves the adaptability of the photovoltaic cell assembly.
The embodiment of the invention provides a photovoltaic charging device, which comprises: the photovoltaic cell module is electrically connected with the charging module.
The specific contents of each part of the embodiment of the invention are as follows:
(1) photovoltaic cell assembly
The photovoltaic cell assembly includes: the photovoltaic cell assembly comprises a confluence conductive belt, a packaging structure and at least one photovoltaic cell unit, wherein the periphery of the photovoltaic cell unit is coated with a sealant for insulation, the confluence conductive belt is arranged to be connected with the photovoltaic cell unit and led out outwards, the periphery of the photovoltaic cell unit is provided with the packaging structure, the photovoltaic cell unit is packaged and wrapped to obtain the photovoltaic cell assembly, and the overall mechanical performance of the photovoltaic cell assembly is guaranteed.
As shown in fig. 1, the photovoltaic cell unit includes: the substrate, the front electrode, the power generation layer, the back electrode and the packaging layer are sequentially stacked. First trenches are scribed on the front electrodes to form mutually independent first electrodes. And scribing a second channel on the power generation layer, wherein the second channel is used for connecting the front electrode and the back electrode. And scribing third channels on the power generation layer and the back electrode in a penetrating way to form mutually independent second electrodes. At least one group of photovoltaic cell subunits are formed inside the photovoltaic cell units through scribing channels, and the photovoltaic cell subunits are connected in series through second channels.
The specific arrangement of each channel is as follows:
(a) first channel
When the photovoltaic cell component is prepared, a substrate is laid firstly, and then a front electrode is deposited on the surface of the substrate. After the front electrode is deposited, a plurality of first trenches are scribed in the front electrode.
The first channel cuts the front electrode in a penetrating way, the front electrode is parallel to the front electrode and is uniformly spaced, and the front electrode is divided into a plurality of first electrodes which are equally spaced and are insulated from each other.
(b) Second channel
Depositing a power generation layer on the surface of the front electrode, wherein the power generation layer fills the first channel; and scribing a plurality of second channels in the power generation layer.
The channels are used for carrying out discontinuous penetration scribing on the power generation layer, and are parallel to each other and evenly spaced on the power generation layer to form a series channel for connecting the photovoltaic cell subunits. The second channels and the first channels are arranged in parallel and staggered with each other at corresponding positions on the power generation layer.
(c) Third channel
Depositing a back electrode on the surface of the power generation layer, and filling the second channel by the back electrode; and a plurality of third channels which simultaneously penetrate through the power generation layer and the back electrode are scribed on the power generation layer and the back electrode.
The third channels penetrate and scribe the power generation layer and the back electrode, the power generation layer and the back electrode are parallel to each other and are uniformly spaced, the back electrode is divided into second electrodes which are equidistant and insulated from each other, and the third channels and the second channels are parallel to each other and are arranged in a staggered mode.
The bus conductive tape includes: and the first electrode bus conductive strip and the second electrode bus conductive strip are arranged on the surface of the back electrode.
And the first electrode bus conductive strip is adhered to the upper surface of one end of the back electrode, is connected with the front electrode through the second channel and leads the first electrode out.
And the second electrode bus conductive band is adhered to the upper surface of the other end of the back electrode and leads the second electrode outwards.
The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the photovoltaic cell unit are determined by a semiconductor layer PN junction and a leading-out electrode, the positive electrode is close to the P layer, and the negative electrode is arranged on the other side. When one side of the power generation layer close to the front electrode is of a P type, and the other layer is of an N type: the negative electrode is led out from the upper surface of one end of the back electrode; the positive electrode is theoretically drawn out from the front electrode, but the back electrode is connected to the front electrode through the second channel, so that the positive electrode is drawn out from the upper surface of the other end of the back electrode.
The first electrode corresponding to the embodiment of the present invention may be an anode, and the second electrode may be a cathode.
According to the photovoltaic cell assembly provided by the embodiment of the invention, the number of the photovoltaic cell subunits can be set according to the charging voltage of a product to be charged, namely, the number of the photovoltaic cell subunits is changed by adjusting the scribing times and scribing positions of the first channel, the second channel and the third channel.
According to the photovoltaic cell assembly provided by the embodiment of the invention, the number of the photovoltaic cell subunits is determined as follows:
according to the embodiment of the invention, the effective size of the photovoltaic cell assembly is designed by combining the size of the product to be charged. After the effective size of the photovoltaic cell assembly is determined, the working voltage Vpm of the photovoltaic cell unit is flexibly adjusted by adopting a laser etching mode on the premise of not changing the area of the photovoltaic cell unit, so that the requirements of different charging voltages are met.
According to the charging voltage V of the product to be charged, the working voltage range of the photovoltaic cell assembly can be determined: the working voltage Vpm1 of a conventional triple-stack amorphous Si-Ge photovoltaic cell sub-unit was measured to be about 1.9V. According to the measured working voltage Vpm1 of the photovoltaic cell subunits and the charging voltage V of the product to be charged, the number n of the photovoltaic cell subunits can be calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
n＝(V/Vpm1)*K(1)
v is the charging voltage of a product to be charged, Vpm1 is the working voltage of the sub-battery, and K is a matching coefficient and takes the value of 1-2.
(2) Charging assembly
The charging assembly includes: the photovoltaic battery pack comprises a charging management module, a discharging management module and a storage battery, wherein the charging management module is connected with a first electrode and a second electrode and guides current in the photovoltaic battery pack into the storage battery, and the discharging management module provides power for a product to be charged from the storage battery.
In the daytime, the photovoltaic cell assembly supplies power to the storage battery; at night, the battery discharges to the product to be charged.
The charging assembly is specifically as follows:
A. charging management module
The charging management module includes: the diode 1 and the field effect tube 1 are connected in series between the photovoltaic cell assembly and the storage battery; and a charging monitoring circuit and a voltage and current stabilizing circuit are arranged between the storage battery and the photovoltaic cell module in parallel.
(a) Charging monitoring circuit
A charge monitoring circuit, comprising: and one end of the charging monitoring diode is connected with the diode 2, and the other end of the charging monitoring diode is connected with the storage battery to give out light for indicating the storage battery in a charging state.
(b) Voltage-stabilizing current-stabilizing circuit
And the voltage and current stabilizing circuit is provided with a voltage stabilizing tube 1 and a voltage stabilizing tube 2 for controlling the output of the photovoltaic cell assembly.
B. Discharge management module
A discharge management module comprising: a diode 3 connected in series between the accumulator and the product to be charged; and a discharge monitoring circuit and an amplifying circuit which are arranged in parallel between the storage battery and the product to be charged.
(a) Discharge monitoring circuit
A discharge monitoring circuit comprising: and one end of the discharge monitoring diode is connected with the diode 3, and the other end of the discharge monitoring diode is connected with the storage battery to give out light for indicating the storage battery in a discharge state.
(b) Amplifying circuit
And the amplifying circuit is provided with a field effect tube 2 and a field effect tube 3 and amplifies the input current of the product to be charged.
Example two
The embodiment of the invention provides a photovoltaic charging device, which can change the internal structure of a photovoltaic cell in a laser scribing mode and enhance the power supply performance of a photovoltaic cell assembly in a mode of increasing photovoltaic cell units.
The embodiment of the invention provides a photovoltaic charging device, which comprises: the photovoltaic cell module, the subassembly and the seal box charge, the subassembly whole arrangement that charges is in the seal box, and the photovoltaic cell module is connected with the subassembly electricity that charges.
The photovoltaic cell assembly provided by the embodiment comprises: the photovoltaic cell comprises a bus conductive strip, an encapsulation structure and a plurality of photovoltaic cell units. And bus conductive strips are respectively led out from the upper surfaces of the photovoltaic battery units to be connected in parallel. And arranging an encapsulation structure made of an insulating material around the photovoltaic cell units connected in parallel through the confluence conductive belt, and then bonding the encapsulation structure by adopting EVA/colored PVB (polyvinyl acetate/polyvinyl butyral), and encapsulating and wrapping the photovoltaic cell units to obtain the photovoltaic cell assembly.
The confluence conducting band is connected with the electrodes of the photovoltaic cell units to connect the photovoltaic cell units in parallel. In this embodiment, one side of the power generation layer close to the front electrode is a positive electrode, the positive electrode of the photovoltaic cell unit is located on the upper surface of one end of the photovoltaic cell unit, the back electrode is connected with the front electrode through the second channel, and the positive electrode is led out from the back electrode. On the positive side, the bus conductive strip does not cover the laser scribed first channel, preventing the photovoltaic cell from shorting. One side of the power generation layer, which is close to the back electrode, is a negative electrode, the negative electrode of the photovoltaic cell unit is positioned on the upper surface of the other end of the photovoltaic cell unit, and the negative electrode is directly led out from the back electrode. On the negative side, the bus conductive strip does not contact the laser scribed channels on both sides of the nth subcell, preventing the photovoltaic cell unit from short circuiting.
The photovoltaic cell subunits are connected in series through the second channel. Each photovoltaic cell unit is externally led with a positive electrode and a negative electrode, namely a plurality of photovoltaic cell subunits in the same photovoltaic cell unit, the positive electrode is led out through the upper surface of one end of the photovoltaic cell unit, the negative electrode is led out through the upper surface of the other end of the photovoltaic cell unit, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are led out together.
The photovoltaic cell unit includes: the substrate, the front electrode, the power generation layer, the back electrode and the packaging layer are sequentially stacked. Scribing first channels on the front electrodes to form mutually independent first electrodes; and scribing a fourth channel perpendicular to the first channel on the front electrode. And scribing a second channel on the power generation layer, wherein the second channel is used for connecting the front electrode and the back electrode. And scribing third channels on the power generation layer and the back electrode in a penetrating way to form mutually independent second electrodes. At least one group of photovoltaic cell subunits are formed inside each photovoltaic cell unit through scribing channels, and the photovoltaic cell subunits are connected in series through second channels.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic cell unit, wherein arrows indicate a schematic flow direction of current. The photovoltaic cell unit includes: the solar cell comprises a substrate 1, a front electrode 2, a power generation layer 3, a back electrode 4, a first channel 5, a second channel 6, a third channel 7, an anode 8, a cathode 9 and a clear edge 10. On the surface of the substrate, from bottom to top: the front electrode 2, the power generation layer 3 and the back electrode 4, the anode 8 and the cathode 9 are all led out from the surface of the back electrode 4, the first channels are distributed in the front electrode 2, the first channels are distributed in the power generation layer 3, and the third channels are distributed in the power generation layer 3 and the back electrode 4.
In this embodiment, each photovoltaic cell unit is of the same structure, each being scribed with four channels of the same number and same position.
Fig. 2-3 are schematic diagrams of positions of channels in a photovoltaic cell module, where fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a lower right corner portion in fig. 2, and the channels are specifically arranged as follows:
(1) first channel
When the photovoltaic cell component is prepared, a substrate is laid firstly, and then a front electrode is deposited on the surface of the substrate. After the front electrode is deposited, a plurality of first trenches are scribed in the front electrode.
The first channel cuts the front electrode in a penetrating way, the front electrode is parallel to the front electrode and is uniformly spaced, and the front electrode is divided into a plurality of first electrodes which are equally spaced and are insulated from each other.
(2) The fourth channel
As shown in fig. 3, a plurality of fourth trenches perpendicular to the first trenches are also scribed in the front electrode.
The fourth channel is perpendicular to the first channel, penetrates and scores the front electrode, is parallel to the front electrode and is uniformly spaced, and separates and insulates the first electrode from a power generation area and a non-power generation area of the photovoltaic cell unit.
(3) Second channel
Depositing a power generation layer on the surface of the front electrode, wherein the power generation layer fills the first channel; and scribing a plurality of second channels in the power generation layer.
The second channel cuts through the power generation layer discontinuously, and the second channel is parallel to and evenly spaced on the power generation layer to form a series channel connected with the photovoltaic cell subunits. The second channels and the first channels are arranged in parallel and staggered with each other at corresponding positions on the power generation layer.
The second channel is arranged between the corresponding positions of the fourth channel on the power generation layer. And two ends of the second channel are respectively spaced from the corresponding positions of the fourth channel on the power generation layer by a first distance.
(4) Third channel
Depositing a back electrode on the surface of the power generation layer, and filling the second channel by the back electrode; and a plurality of third channels which simultaneously penetrate through the power generation layer and the back electrode are scribed on the power generation layer and the back electrode. The third channels penetrate and scribe the power generation layer and the back electrode, the power generation layer and the back electrode are parallel to each other and are uniformly spaced, the back electrode is divided into second electrodes which are equidistant and insulated from each other, and the third channels and the second channels are parallel to each other and are arranged in a staggered mode.
After the trench is scribed, the photovoltaic cell is edge-cleared, and all film layers on the photovoltaic cell are cleared, as shown in fig. 5, where 10 is the edge-cleared position. Focusing on the film surface of the cell chip by using a laser galvanometer scanning system, wherein the scanning galvanometer speed is as follows: 5500-7100mm/s, the movement speed of the photovoltaic cell unit is as follows: 200-300mm/s, the adjustable range of the edge cleaning width is as follows: 5-16mm, the distance between the edge of the clear edge and the second channels at two sides of the battery is as follows: 3-4 mm.
The photovoltaic cell assembly that this embodiment provided can set up the number of photovoltaic cell unit according to the charging voltage of waiting to charge the product, promptly through the number of times of scribing and the scribing position of adjusting the fourth channel, carries out insulating isolation to each photovoltaic cell unit to through first electrode strap and second electrode strap of converging, parallelly connected each photovoltaic cell unit.
The embodiment of the invention adopts the seal box with the protection grade of IP 65.
The charging assembly used in this embodiment is the same as the charging assembly in the above embodiments, and is not described here again.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment of the invention provides a charging assembly for adapting a photovoltaic cell assembly in the embodiment. Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a charging assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the charging assembly includes:
the charging assembly includes: the photovoltaic battery pack comprises a charging management module, a discharging management module and a storage battery, wherein the charging management module is connected with a first electrode and a second electrode and guides current in the photovoltaic battery pack into the storage battery, and the discharging management module provides power for a product to be charged from the storage battery.
(1) Charging management module
The charging management module includes: the diode 1 and the field effect tube 1 are connected in series between the photovoltaic cell assembly and the storage battery; and a charging monitoring circuit and a voltage and current stabilizing circuit are arranged between the storage battery and the photovoltaic cell module in parallel.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
a parallel capacitor C4 is arranged between the photovoltaic cell assembly and the storage battery; a first electrode confluence conductive belt is led out from the positive side of the photovoltaic cell assembly and is connected with the positive electrode of the storage battery through a diode 1 and a field effect tube 1; and a second electrode confluence conducting belt is led out from the negative side of the photovoltaic cell assembly and is connected with the negative electrode of the storage battery.
The storage battery and the photovoltaic cell assembly are connected in parallel: the charging monitoring circuit and the voltage and current stabilizing circuit are converged at a node through a diode 2.
(a) Charging monitoring circuit
And the charging monitoring circuit monitors the charging state of the storage battery by adopting a charging monitoring diode.
One end of the charging monitoring diode is connected with the resistor R14 in series and then connected with the diode 2, the other end of the charging monitoring diode is connected with the cathode of the storage battery, and when the storage battery is in a charging state, the charging monitoring diode gives out light for indication.
(b) Voltage-stabilizing current-stabilizing circuit
And the voltage and current stabilizing circuit is provided with a voltage stabilizing tube 1 and a voltage stabilizing tube 2 for controlling the output of the photovoltaic cell assembly.
A voltage regulator tube 1 is connected with a resistor R12 in series and then connected with a diode 2, a branch circuit is led out between the voltage regulator tube 1 and the resistor R12 and connected with a resistor R13 in series and then connected with a base electrode of a triode 1, an emitting electrode of the triode 1 is connected with the diode 2, and a collector electrode of the triode 1 is connected with a resistor R15 in series and then connected with a cathode of a storage battery.
A voltage regulator tube 2 is connected with a capacitor 3 in series and then connected into a diode 2.
(2) Discharge management module
A discharge management module comprising: a diode 3 connected in series between the accumulator and the product to be charged; and a discharge monitoring circuit and an amplifying circuit which are arranged in parallel between the storage battery and the product to be charged.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
the discharging management module is used for connecting one end of a product to be charged with the anode of the storage battery through a diode 3; and the other end of the product to be charged is connected with the drain electrode of the field effect tube 3, the source electrode of the field effect tube 3 is connected with the source electrode of the field effect tube 2, and the drain electrode of the field effect tube 2 is connected with the cathode of the storage battery.
And the storage battery and the product to be charged are arranged in parallel: the device comprises a discharge monitoring circuit and an amplifying circuit, wherein the discharge monitoring circuit and the amplifying circuit are converged at a node through a diode 3.
(a) Discharge monitoring circuit
And the discharge monitoring circuit monitors the discharge state of the storage battery by adopting a discharge monitoring diode.
One end of the discharge monitoring diode is connected in series with a resistor R10 and then connected with the diode 3, and the other end is connected in series with a resistor R8 and then connected with the cathode of the storage battery.
Between the resistor R10 and the charge monitor diode, four branches are led out:
the first branch is connected with the collector of the triode 2, the base of the triode 2 is connected with the sliding resistor and the resistor R11, and the emitter of the triode 2 is connected with the cathode of the storage battery.
The second branch is connected with a capacitor 2 in parallel and then connected with the cathode of the storage battery.
The third branch is connected with a resistor R9 in parallel and then connected with the cathode of the storage battery.
The fourth branch is connected with the base electrode of the triode 3 through a series resistor R7, the collector electrode of the triode 3 is connected with a resistor R5, a resistor R6 and the grid electrode of the field effect tube 2, and the emitter electrode of the triode 3 is connected with the cathode of the storage battery.
(b) Amplifying circuit
And the amplifying circuit is provided with a field effect tube 2, a field effect tube 3 and a triode 4 for amplifying the input current of the product to be charged.
One end of a product to be charged is led out of a parallel branch and is connected with a collector of the triode 4 through a resistor R3, an emitter of the triode 4 is connected with a source electrode of the field-effect tube 2, a base electrode of the triode 4 is connected with the source electrode of the field-effect tube 2 through a capacitor C1 and a resistor R2 which are connected in parallel, and a capacitor C1 and a resistor R2 are connected with a first electrode convergence conductive band of the photovoltaic cell assembly through a diode 4 and a resistor R1 which are connected in series.
The other end of the product to be charged is connected with the drain electrode of the field effect tube 3, the grid electrode of the field effect tube 3 is connected with the source electrode of the field effect tube 2 through the series resistor R4, the source electrode of the field effect tube 3 is connected with the source electrode of the field effect tube 2, and the drain electrode of the field effect tube 2 is connected with the cathode of the storage battery.
According to the above, the present embodiment provides a charging assembly with a charging voltage of 24V, which is specifically designed as follows:
the 24V charging assembly comprises: 12-diode 1, 13-field effect transistor 1, 14-diode 2, 15-diode 3, 16-storage battery, 17-voltage regulator 1, 18-voltage regulator 2, 19-triode 1, 20-triode 2, 21-triode 3, 22-triode 4, 23-charge monitoring diode, 24-discharge monitoring diode, 25-field effect transistor 2, 26-field effect transistor 3, 27-load lamp, 28-diode 4; as shown in fig. 4, the specific connection method is as follows:
the converging conductive band led out from the positive side of the photovoltaic cell assembly is connected with the positive electrode of the storage battery through the diode 1 and the field effect tube 1, a charging monitoring circuit and a voltage and current stabilizing circuit are arranged between the storage battery and the photovoltaic cell assembly, and the charging monitoring circuit and the voltage and current stabilizing circuit are converged at a node through the diode 2.
And the charging monitoring circuit is provided with a charging monitoring diode connected with the resistor R14 in series, and the charging monitoring diode is used for giving out light for indicating the charging state of the storage battery.
The voltage and current stabilizing circuit is provided with two voltage stabilizing tubes, a voltage stabilizing tube 1 is connected with a resistor R12 in series and then is connected with the diode 2, a branch circuit is led out between the voltage stabilizing tube 1 and the resistor R12 and is connected with a base electrode of the triode 1 after being connected with a resistor R13 in series, an emitting electrode of the triode 1 is connected with the diode 2, a collector electrode of the triode 1 is connected with a cathode of a storage battery after being connected with a resistor R15 in series, and the voltage stabilizing tube 2 is connected with a capacitor 3 in series and then is.
The confluence conductive band led out from the negative side of the photovoltaic cell assembly is connected with the negative electrode of the storage battery, a discharge monitoring circuit and an amplifying circuit are arranged between the storage battery and the photovoltaic cell assembly, and the discharge monitoring circuit and the amplifying circuit are converged at a node through a diode 3.
And the discharge monitoring circuit is provided with a discharge monitoring diode and is used for giving a light-emitting indication on the discharge state of the storage battery. A resistor R10 is connected in series at one end of the discharge monitoring diode, a resistor R8 is connected in series at the other end of the discharge monitoring diode, a first branch circuit is led out between the resistor R10 and the charge monitoring diode and is connected with a collector electrode of the triode 2, a second branch circuit is led out and is connected with the capacitor 2 in parallel, a third branch circuit is led out and is connected with a resistor R9 in parallel, a fourth branch circuit is led out and is connected with a base electrode of the triode 3 through a resistor R7, an emitting electrode of the triode 2 is connected with a negative electrode of a storage battery, the base electrode of the triode 2 is connected with a sliding resistor and a resistor R11, an emitting electrode of the triode 3 is connected with a.
The amplifying circuit amplifies the input current of the load lamp by arranging the field effect tube 2, the field effect tube 3 and the triode 4, so that the load lamp works better and the brightness is brighter. One end of the load lamp is led out to form a parallel branch which is connected with a collector of the triode 4 through a resistor R3, an emitter of the triode 4 is connected with a source electrode of the field effect tube 2, a base electrode of the triode 4 is connected with the source electrode of the field effect tube 2 through a capacitor C1 and a resistor R2 which are connected in parallel, and a capacitor C1 and a resistor R2 are connected with the positive electrode side of the photovoltaic cell module through a diode 4 and a resistor R1 which are connected in series.
The other end of the load lamp is connected with the drain electrode of the field effect tube 3, the grid electrode of the field effect tube 3 is connected with the source electrode of the field effect tube 2 through a series resistor R4, the source electrode of the field effect tube 3 is connected with the source electrode of the field effect tube 2, and the drain electrode of the field effect tube 2 is connected with the cathode of the storage battery.
The state is displayed through the light emitting diode, and the charging state monitoring diode and the discharging state monitoring diode are respectively arranged in the charging assembly.
In the daytime, the 24V storage battery is powered through the photovoltaic battery assembly, and the photovoltaic battery assembly has the functions of voltage stabilization, current stabilization, reverse charging prevention and discharging prevention. The charge monitor diode is bright and the discharge monitor diode is not bright.
At night, the 24V storage battery discharges the products to be charged, and the over-discharge prevention function is achieved. And meanwhile, the 24V storage battery is controlled to be charged or discharged according to the voltage of the photovoltaic battery assembly, so that the aim of discharging by using the 24V storage battery at night is fulfilled. At this time, the charge monitor diode is not on, and the discharge monitor diode is on.
In summary, the present invention provides a photovoltaic charging apparatus, including: the photovoltaic cell assembly is electrically connected with the charging assembly; the photovoltaic cell assembly comprises an encapsulation structure and at least one cell subunit, wherein the cell subunit is arranged in the encapsulation structure, and the cell subunit comprises: the substrate, the front electrode, the power generation layer, the back electrode and the packaging layer are sequentially stacked, a first channel is scribed on the front electrode to form the mutually independent first electrode, a second channel is scribed on the power generation layer to connect the front electrode and the back electrode, and third channels are scribed on the power generation layer and the back electrode in a penetrating mode to form the mutually independent second electrode. A charging assembly, comprising: the photovoltaic battery pack comprises a charging management module, a discharging management module and a storage battery, wherein the charging management module is connected with a first electrode and a second electrode and guides current in the photovoltaic battery pack into the storage battery, and the discharging management module provides power for a product to be charged from the storage battery. According to the invention, through special channel design in the battery, the output voltage of the solar battery is adjusted on the premise of not changing the area of the battery or connecting the photovoltaic battery units with the same structure in parallel, so that the output performance of the battery is ensured; the light packaging structure is adopted, so that the safety is ensured, and the portability is improved; and different applicable components can be produced in a large scale, and the requirements of different low-voltage charging products are met.
The foregoing description is only exemplary of the preferred embodiments of the invention and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the scope of the invention as referred to in the present application is not limited to the embodiments with a specific combination of the above-mentioned features, but also covers other embodiments with any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features may be replaced with (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A photovoltaic charging apparatus, comprising: the photovoltaic cell module is electrically connected with the charging module;
the photovoltaic cell assembly comprises an encapsulation structure and at least one photovoltaic cell unit, wherein the photovoltaic cell unit is arranged in the encapsulation structure and comprises: the substrate, the front electrode, the power generation layer, the back electrode and the packaging layer are sequentially stacked, a first channel is scribed on the front electrode to form mutually independent first electrodes, a second channel is scribed on the power generation layer to connect the front electrode and the back electrode, and third channels are scribed on the power generation layer and the back electrode in a penetrating manner to form mutually independent second electrodes;
the charging assembly, comprising: the photovoltaic cell module comprises a charging management module, a discharging management module and a storage battery, wherein the charging management module is connected with the first electrode and the second electrode, current in the photovoltaic cell module is led into the storage battery, and the discharging management module supplies power to a product to be charged from the storage battery.
2. The photovoltaic charging device according to claim 1, wherein the first trenches are used for scribing the front electrodes in a penetrating manner, the front electrodes are parallel to each other and are uniformly spaced, the front electrodes are divided into first electrodes which are equally spaced and insulated from each other, and the first trenches are filled with the power generation layer;
the second channels are used for carrying out discontinuous penetrating scribing on the power generation layer, the second channels are parallel to each other and are uniformly spaced on the power generation layer to form a series channel connected with the photovoltaic cell subunits, the corresponding positions of the second channels and the first channels on the power generation layer are parallel to each other and are arranged in a staggered mode, and the second channels are filled with the back electrodes;
the third channels are used for penetrating and scribing the power generation layer and the back electrode, the power generation layer and the back electrode are parallel to each other and are uniformly spaced, the back electrode is divided into second electrodes which are equidistant and insulated from each other, and the third channels and the second channels are parallel to each other and are arranged in a staggered mode;
the first channel, the second channel and the third channel divide the photovoltaic cell unit into a plurality of photovoltaic cell sub-units which are connected in series.
3. The photovoltaic charging apparatus of claim 2, wherein the photovoltaic cell assembly further comprises: a fourth channel is scribed on the front electrode;
the fourth channel is perpendicular to the first channel, the front electrode is subjected to penetrating scribing, the front electrode is parallel to the front electrode and is uniformly spaced, the first electrode is divided and insulated, and a power generation area and a non-power generation area of the photovoltaic cell unit are isolated.
4. The photovoltaic charging apparatus of claim 3, wherein the second channel is disposed between corresponding locations of the fourth channel on the power generation layer;
and two ends of the second channel are respectively spaced from the corresponding positions of the fourth channel on the power generation layer by a first distance.
5. The photovoltaic charging apparatus of claim 4, wherein the photovoltaic cell assembly further comprises: a first electrode bus conductive strip and a second electrode bus conductive strip are arranged on the surface of the back electrode;
the first electrode bus conductive band is adhered to the upper surface of one end of the back electrode, is connected with the front electrode through the second channel, and is connected with the first electrode to be led out;
and the second electrode bus conductive band is adhered to the upper surface of the other end of the back electrode and connected with the second electrode to be led out outwards.
6. The photovoltaic charging device according to claim 5, wherein the photovoltaic cell assembly is configured to set the number of the photovoltaic cell sub-units according to a charging voltage of a product to be charged, and adjust the scribing times and scribing positions of the first channel, the second channel, and the third channel;
the photovoltaic cell assembly is further used for setting the number of the photovoltaic cell units according to the charging voltage of a product to be charged, adjusting the scribing times and scribing positions of the fourth channel, insulating and isolating the photovoltaic cell units, and connecting the photovoltaic cell units in parallel through the first electrode convergence conductive band and the second electrode convergence conductive band.
7. The photovoltaic charging apparatus of claim 6, wherein the charging management module comprises: a diode 1 and a field effect transistor 1 connected in series between the photovoltaic cell assembly and the storage battery;
the charging management module further comprises: the charging monitoring circuit and the voltage and current stabilizing circuit are arranged between the storage battery and the photovoltaic battery assembly in parallel, and the charging monitoring circuit and the voltage and current stabilizing circuit are converged at a node through a diode 2.
8. The photovoltaic charging apparatus of claim 7, wherein the charge monitoring circuit comprises: one end of the charging monitoring diode is connected with the diode 2, the other end of the charging monitoring diode is connected with the storage battery, and the charging monitoring diode is used for giving out light to the storage battery in a charging state;
the voltage and current stabilizing circuit is provided with a voltage stabilizing tube 1 and a voltage stabilizing tube 2 and controls the output of the photovoltaic cell assembly.
9. The photovoltaic charging apparatus of claim 8, wherein the discharge management module comprises: a diode 3 connected in series between the accumulator and the product to be charged;
the discharge management module further includes: and the discharge monitoring circuit and the amplifying circuit are arranged between the storage battery and a product to be charged in parallel, and the discharge monitoring circuit and the amplifying circuit are converged at one node through the diode 3.
10. The photovoltaic charging apparatus of claim 9, wherein the discharge monitoring circuit comprises: one end of the discharge monitoring diode is connected with the diode 3, the other end of the discharge monitoring diode is connected with the storage battery, and the storage battery in a discharge state is subjected to light-emitting indication;
the amplifying circuit is provided with a field effect tube 2 and a field effect tube 3, and amplifies the input current of a product to be charged.
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| CN114156364A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-03-08 | 邯郸中建材光电材料有限公司 | Preparation method of CdTe power generation glass and charging control system |
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