CN111441568B

CN111441568B - Hanging basket for high-altitude operation in building engineering

Info

Publication number: CN111441568B
Application number: CN202010277718.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 施丹峰
Original assignee: Taizhou Hongfeng Construction Co ltd
Current assignee: Taizhou Hongfeng Construction Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-04-08
Filing date: 2020-04-08
Publication date: 2021-07-27
Anticipated expiration: 2040-04-08
Also published as: CN111441568A

Abstract

The invention discloses a hanging basket for high-altitude operation in building engineering, which relates to the field of building construction, and adopts the technical scheme that: the safety device comprises a bottom plate and a guardrail, and further comprises two safety rods and a safety net fixed between the two safety rods, wherein the safety rods are hinged to the top of the guardrail, an elastic piece I is arranged between each safety rod and the guardrail, a locking structure is arranged at the end part, deviating from the guardrail, of each safety rod, and each safety rod is fixed on the bottom plate through the locking structure; a pedal is laid on the bottom plate, and a spring is arranged between the pedal and the bottom plate; the foot board is provided with a driving block, and when the foot board moves upwards relative to the bottom plate, the driving block can release the locking of the locking structure, so that the safety rod rotates outwards from the guardrail. The safety net is controlled to automatically expand by detecting the weight of the carried personnel, so that the falling safety of the personnel is improved, and the personnel are not easy to be injured when falling; before the safety net is unfolded, the safety rods and the safety net are positioned close to the hanging basket, so that interference on normal use of the hanging basket is avoided.

Description

Hanging basket for high-altitude operation in building engineering

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of building construction, in particular to a hanging basket for high-altitude operation in building engineering.

Background

A hanging basket for high-altitude operation is equipment for a constructor to stand to construct a high-altitude wall surface, and the hanging basket needs to be lifted by a crane to move.

The utility model discloses a chinese utility model patent that current bulletin number is CN208168324U discloses an aerial working hanging flower basket, including hanging flower basket body, gallows, arresting gear, the gallows passes through gallows axle swing joint at the both ends of hanging flower basket body, is equipped with hand protector device on the hanging flower basket body, and hand protector device includes first hand protector railing, second hand protector railing.

For hanging baskets for high-altitude operation, the safety of the hanging baskets is always an important index. When a person is in construction on a hanging basket, the person often climbs the railing of the hanging basket as a moment of convenience, even extends a half of the body out of the hanging basket, and the main reason why the person falls from the hanging basket is that the person climbs the railing of the hanging basket. Even if the personnel tie the safety belt, also easily collide with the foreign object when falling, cause the injury of different degrees.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the hanging basket for high-altitude operation in the building engineering, which improves the falling safety of personnel and prevents the personnel from being injured easily when the personnel fall.

The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a hanging basket for high-altitude operation in constructional engineering comprises a bottom plate and a plurality of guardrails arranged on the bottom plate, wherein the guardrails are surrounded into a frame shape, the hanging basket further comprises two safety rods and a safety net fixed between the two safety rods, the safety net is a flexible net, the safety rods and the safety net are both positioned at the outer sides of the guardrails and tightly attached to the hanging basket, the safety rods are hinged to the tops of the guardrails through the tops, an elastic piece I is arranged between each safety rod and the corresponding guardrail, the elastic force of the elastic piece I is used for driving the safety rods to rotate outwards the guardrails, a locking structure is arranged at the end, away from the guardrails, of each safety rod, and the safety rods are fixed on the bottom plate through the locking structures;

a pedal is laid on the bottom plate, and a spring is arranged between the pedal and the bottom plate; the foot board is provided with a driving block, and when the foot board moves upwards relative to the bottom board, the driving block can unlock the locking structure, so that the safety rod rotates outwards from the guardrail.

Through the technical scheme, when the hanging basket bearing constructor carries out high-altitude operation, the driving block does not unlock the locking structure because the pedal is completely treaded down, and the safety rod and the safety net are positioned close to the hanging basket, so that interference on normal use of the hanging basket is avoided.

If the constructor accidentally drops to the side of the safety net, the weight of the constructor does not act on the foot plates, the foot plates move upwards under the elastic force of the springs, the driving block acts to unlock the locking structure, the safety rods are rapidly unfolded outwards under the elastic force of the first elastic piece, and the safety net is rapidly unfolded towards the outer side of the guardrail. The people can instinctively grab the object with the hand in the falling process, the outward-unfolded safety net is just right below the falling personnel, the flexible safety net is convenient for the personnel to grab in a hurry, and the personnel can be prevented from continuously falling down to a great extent to cause safety accidents. Even personnel have all binded the safety belt according to the regulation, compare with, this hanging flower basket can further reduce personnel and fall injured's possibility.

Preferably, the locking structure comprises an elastic rod fixed on the safety rod and a locking rod fixed on the bottom plate, a hook hooked with the locking rod is arranged on the elastic rod, the driving block is located on one side of the elastic rod facing the hook, and the driving block enables the hook to be separated from the locking rod in a mode of driving the elastic rod to bend.

Through the technical scheme, when the pedal is at the bottom dead center due to the bearing weight, the driving block is in the state of not unlocking the locking of the locking structure, and the safety rod cannot automatically rotate and expand through the hook connection limit of the hook and the locking rod. When the foot pedal moves upwards relative to the bottom plate, the driving block can shift the hook, and the elastic rod deforms to enable the hook to be separated from the locking rod, so that the locking of the locking structure is released, and the safety rod can rotate outwards towards the guardrail.

Preferably, the safety rod comprises a vertical rod clinging to the wall surface of the guardrail and a cross rod clinging to the bottom surface of the bottom plate, and the vertical rod and the cross rod are rotatably connected through the end parts; and a second elastic part is arranged between the vertical rod and the transverse rod, and the elasticity of the second elastic part is used for driving the transverse rod to rotate towards the direction far away from the bottom plate.

Through above-mentioned technical scheme, the safety pole that the safety pole is outwards expanded back, and the safety pole of constituteing by montant, horizontal pole can produce two sections rotations, has improved the distance that the safety net extends to the guardrail is outer, improves the insurance effect to the personnel that fall. On the basis, before the safety rods are unfolded outwards, the safety rods and the safety net are still positioned close to the hanging basket, and interference on normal use of the hanging basket is avoided.

Preferably, the vertical rod and the cross rod are rotatably connected through a hinge tube penetrating through the vertical rod and the cross rod, the second elastic part is a torsion spring, the second elastic part penetrates through the hinge tube, and two ends of the second elastic part are respectively connected with the vertical rod and the cross rod.

Through the technical scheme, the second elastic piece is high in concealment, elastic force is gathered between the vertical rod and the transverse rod, and the size is small.

Preferably, the lower extreme outer wall of montant is the arc surface, the position that the arc surface deviates from the horizontal pole is equipped with the spacing groove, the horizontal pole is equipped with the slide opening towards the montant, be equipped with the stopper in the slide opening, order about the elastic component three of stopper protrusion slide opening, the stopper passes through tip butt arc surface, works as the horizontal pole rotates when deviating from one side of guardrail to the montant around articulated a section of thick bamboo, thereby the stopper can get into the spacing inslot and restrict horizontal pole antiport.

Through above-mentioned technical scheme, through stopper and spacing groove, the safety lever rotates the back outward to the guardrail, and when the horizontal pole rotated to the stopper just to the spacing groove, the horizontal pole can be maintained in the state of extending outward to the guardrail, played the effect that bears the weight of the personnel of dropping, further promoted the security performance.

Preferably, the length direction of the cross rod is parallel to the plate surface of the bottom plate, the cross rod is abutted to the bottom surface of the bottom plate through the side wall surface, and the side wall of the cross rod, which deviates from the bottom plate, is used for contacting with the ground.

Through above-mentioned technical scheme, after the loop wheel machine put the hanging flower basket to ground, the horizontal pole passes through lateral wall and ground contact, and the horizontal pole supports the weight of hanging flower basket, and personnel can pass in and out the hanging flower basket this moment. At this time, even if the locking structure is unlocked, the cross bar does not rotate to be opened.

Preferably, a support part is fixed on the bottom surface of the pedal, the spring is located outside the support part, when the support part abuts against the bottom plate, the spring is in a compressed state, and the driving block is in a state of not unlocking the locking structure.

Through above-mentioned technical scheme, when the step tread moves down to the dead point, through the supporting part, the bottom plate can reliably support the step tread, and the spring can not flattened inefficacy.

Preferably, the guardrail includes the ejector pin that is located the top, is located the sill bar of bottom, the sill bar is located the top surface below of step board, only be provided with the connecting rod along vertical extension between ejector pin, the sill bar.

Through above-mentioned technical scheme, the guardrail that sets up like this makes personnel can't trample the guardrail except that the ejector pin other positions, and the height of ejector pin is higher, can prevent that personnel from unconsciously climbing the guardrail.

In summary, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

1. the hanging basket improves the safety of personnel falling through the arrangement of the deployable safety net, and the personnel are not easy to be injured when falling;

2. before the safety net is unfolded, the safety rod and the safety net are positioned close to the hanging basket, so that interference on normal use of the hanging basket is avoided;

3. the hanging basket controls the safety net to automatically expand in a mode of detecting the weight of a carrier.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of a hanging basket for high-altitude construction of construction engineering according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a lower perspective view of a hanging basket for high-altitude construction of construction engineering according to an embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a partial view of the first embodiment, mainly illustrating the connection structure of the vertical rods and the horizontal rods;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a partial view of the second embodiment, showing the primary projection of the locking structure, the mating structure of the drive block;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing safety bars and safety nets of the basket in an unfolded state.

In the figure, 1, a bottom plate; 2. a guardrail; 3. a step plate; 11. a boom; 4. a safety lever; 5. a safety net; 41. a vertical rod; 42. a cross bar; 43. a first elastic part; 44. a hinge barrel; 45. a second elastic piece; 411. a circular arc surface; 412. a limiting groove; 421. a slide hole; 422. a limiting block; 423. an elastic member III; 5. a locking structure; 51. an elastic rod; 52. a locking lever; 511. hooking; 31. a support portion; 32. a spring; 33. a drive block; 331. a guide surface; 21. a top rod; 22. a bottom bar; 23. a connecting rod.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1, the hanging basket for high-altitude operation of building engineering disclosed by the invention comprises a bottom plate 1 and a plurality of guardrails 2 arranged on the bottom plate 1, wherein the bottom plate 1 is a rectangular plate, the surface of the bottom plate 1 is in the horizontal direction, a pedal 3 is stacked on the bottom plate 1, and the size of the pedal 3 corresponds to that of the bottom plate 1. The number of the guardrails 2 is four, and the four guardrails 2 are respectively positioned on four edges of the bottom plate 1 and used for protecting constructors; four guardrails 2 surround into the frame shape, and the four corners of hanging flower basket all is equipped with vertical jib 11 that upwards extends, and the top of jib 11 is fixed with rings.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, one of the guardrails 2 is hinged with two safety rods 4, the two safety rods 4 are arranged in parallel and form symmetry, the two safety rods 4 are respectively close to two ends of the guardrail 2 in the length direction, a safety net 5 is fixed between the two safety rods 4, the safety rods 4 are fixed with the safety net 5 through side walls in the length direction, the safety nets 5 extend to two ends of the safety rods 4 in the length direction, the safety net 5 is a flexible net such as a rope net, and the safety net 5 can be bent and deformed arbitrarily. The safety rod 4 and the safety net 5 are both positioned at the outer side of the guardrail 2 and tightly attached to the hanging basket.

The safety rod 4 comprises a vertical rod 41 tightly attached to the wall surface of the guardrail 2 and a cross rod 42 tightly attached to the bottom surface of the bottom plate 1, and the vertical rod 41 is hinged to the top of the outer side wall of the guardrail 2 through the top. An elastic part I43 is arranged between the vertical rod 41 and the guardrail 2, the elastic part I43 is a torsion spring, and the elasticity of the elastic part I43 is used for driving the vertical rod 41 to rotate outwards of the guardrail 2.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the vertical rod 41 and the horizontal rod 42 are rotatably connected by end portions, and a hinge is established by a hinge tube 44 penetrating through the two parts. The hinge cylinder 44 is hollow and has two ends penetrating, a second elastic member 45 is arranged between the vertical rod 41 and the horizontal rod 42, the second elastic member 45 is specifically a torsion spring, the second elastic member 45 penetrates through the hinge cylinder 44, and two ends of the second elastic member 45 extend out of the hinge cylinder 44 and are respectively abutted against the vertical rod 41 and the horizontal rod 42. The second elastic member 45 has an elastic force for driving the cross bar 42 to rotate away from the base plate 1.

The outer wall of the lower end of the vertical rod 41 is an arc surface 411, and the center of the arc surface 411 is located on the axis of the hinge cylinder 44. The position that arc surface 411 deviates from horizontal pole 42 is equipped with spacing groove 412, and horizontal pole 42 is equipped with slide opening 421 towards montant 41, is equipped with stopper 422 in the slide opening 421, drives stopper 422 and protrudes three 423 of the elastic component of slide opening 421, and three 423 of elastic component specifically are the spring, and stopper 422 is through tip butt arc surface 411, and when montant 41 rotated for horizontal pole 42, stopper 422 and arc surface 411 sliding contact. When the cross bar 42 rotates around the hinge tube 44 to the side of the vertical bar 41 away from the guardrail 2, the cross bar 42 rotates at least 180 degrees, and the limit block 422 enters the limit groove 412 to limit the reverse rotation of the cross bar 42.

Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the length direction of the cross bar 42 is parallel to the plate surface of the bottom plate 1, the cross bar 42 abuts against the bottom surface of the bottom plate 1 through the side wall surface, and the side wall of the cross bar 42 away from the bottom plate 1 is used for contacting with the ground.

The end of the safety rod 4 facing away from the guardrail 2 is provided with a locking structure 5, and the safety rod 4 is fixed on the bottom plate 1 through the locking structure 5. The locking structure 5 comprises an elastic rod 51 fixed on the cross rod 42 and a locking rod 52 fixed on the bottom plate 1, wherein the elastic rod 51 penetrates through the bottom plate 1 upwards, and the elastic rod 51 is made of plastic and can be bent; the locking lever 52 extends in the horizontal direction and abuts against the elastic lever 51, and a hook 511 hooked with the locking lever 52 is integrally fixed to the elastic lever 51. The safety lever 4 cannot be rotated and unfolded spontaneously by the hooking limit of the hook 511 and the locking lever 52. The bottom surface of the foot pedal 3 is fixed with a supporting part 31, a spring 32 is arranged between the foot pedal 3 and the bottom plate 1, the supporting part 31 is used for contacting with the bottom plate 1, the spring 32 is positioned at the outer side of the supporting part 31, and four springs 32 are respectively arranged at four corners of the bottom plate 1.

When the bearing on the foot pedal 3 is not large, the elastic force of the spring 32 drives the supporting part 31 to separate from the bottom plate 1; when the step 3 stands up, the spring 32 is compressed, and the step 3 abuts against the bottom plate 1 via the support portion 31. The driving block 33 is fixed on the bottom surface of the foot pedal 3, the driving block 33 is positioned on one side of the elastic rod 51 facing the hook 511 and is abutted against the elastic rod 51, and the upper end and the lower end of the side wall of the driving block 33 facing the elastic rod 51 are provided with guide surfaces 331 in a chamfer mode. The thickness of the hook 511 in the longitudinal direction of the lock lever 52 is larger than the length of the lock lever 52, and when the step plate 3 is at the bottom dead center due to the weight, the lock lever 52 and the guide surface 331 are both located below the hook 511, and the drive block 33 is in a state where the lock of the lock mechanism 5 is not released. When the foot pedal 3 moves upward relative to the base plate 1, the driving block 33 can poke the hook 511 through the guiding surface 331, and the elastic rod 51 is deformed to make the hook 511 disengage from the locking lever 52, thereby unlocking the locking structure 5 and enabling the safety lever 4 to rotate outward of the guardrail 2.

Referring to fig. 1 and 6, the guardrail 2 is frame-shaped, the guardrail 2 includes a top rod 21 at the top end and a bottom rod 22 at the bottom end, the top rod 21 is used as a handrail, and the bottom rod 22 is fixedly connected with the base plate 1. The bottom rod 22 is positioned below the top surface of the pedal 3, and only a connecting rod 23 extending along the vertical direction is arranged between the top rod 21 and the bottom rod 22, and no rod piece extending along the horizontal direction is arranged. The guardrail 2 that sets up like this makes personnel can't trample guardrail 2 except that ejector pin 21 other positions, and ejector pin 21's height is higher, can prevent that personnel from unconsciously climbing guardrail 2.

When the hanging basket is used, the safety rod 4 and the safety net 5 are positioned on one side where personnel easily fall down, and the safety net 5 can play a role in ensuring safety. In general, one side of the hanging basket is close to the wall, so that personnel are not easy to fall off from the side, and when the hanging basket is hoisted by the crane, the safety net 5 can be positioned on one side of the hanging basket, which is far away from the wall. When the hanging basket bears constructors to carry out high-altitude operation, the pedal 3 is completely stepped down, the driving block 33 does not unlock the locking structure 5, the safety rod 4 and the safety net 5 are positioned close to the hanging basket, and interference on normal use of the hanging basket is avoided.

If accidents occur, such as irregular construction, impact of foreign objects, strong wind and the like, when a constructor accidentally drops to one side of the safety net 5, the weight of the constructor does not act on the pedal 3, the pedal 3 moves upwards under the elastic force of the spring 32, the driving block 33 acts to release the locking of the locking structure 5, the cross rod 42 and the vertical rod 41 rapidly expand outwards under the elastic force of the first elastic element 43 and the second elastic element 45, and the safety net 5 is enabled to expand towards the outer side of the guardrail 2. The person instinctively grabs the object by hand in the falling process. The safety net 5 that outwards launches just in time is located the personnel's that fall below, and the flexible safety net 5 is convenient for personnel and snatchs in hurdling, then can avoid personnel to continue to fall down at to a great extent and produce the incident. Even personnel have all binded the safety belt according to the regulation, compare with, this hanging flower basket can further reduce personnel and fall injured's possibility. Through the limiting block 422 and the limiting groove 412, after the safety rod 4 rotates towards the outside of the guardrail 2, the cross rod 42 can be maintained in a state of extending towards the outside of the guardrail 2 (refer to fig. 6), and the effect of bearing the weight of the fallen personnel is achieved.

If the safety rod 4 and the safety net 5 are automatically unfolded, the hanging basket needs to be used by a single person; the weight of a single person is generally above 50kg, and a spring 32 with a proper stiffness coefficient is conveniently selected, so that the lifting of the pedal 3 can normally move.

In case constructor scrambles guardrail 2, then personnel's weight does not act on step board 3, then safety lever 4 outwards rotates and expandes, and this phenomenon can be observed to the security personnel of scene or responsible person to carry out criticizing education to the constructor, consequently this hanging flower basket can also play the monitoring effect to constructor's standard operation.

After the safety rod 4 of the hanging basket is unfolded, the resetting of the safety rod 4 needs to be carried out near the ground. When the safety rod 4 is reset, a person presses the limiting block 422 into the sliding hole 421, then overcomes the elasticity of the first elastic part 43 and the second elastic part 45 to rotate the vertical rod 41 and the cross rod 42, so that the vertical rod 41 is tightly attached to the side wall of the guardrail 2 and the cross rod 42 is tightly attached to the bottom surface of the bottom plate 1, then the crane puts down a hanging basket, so that the cross rod 42 is in contact with the ground through the side wall, and the cross rod 42 supports the weight of the hanging basket. At this time, even if the lock structure 5 is unlocked, the cross bar 42 is not rotated open. When a person stands on the pedal 3, the spring 32 is compressed, the pedal 3 moves downwards, the driving block 33 moves downwards to the position below the hook 511, and the elastic rod 51 enables the hook 511 to hook the locking rod 52 again under the action of the elastic force of the elastic rod 51.

The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a building engineering high altitude construction's hanging flower basket, includes bottom plate (1), locates a plurality of guardrails (2) on bottom plate (1), and is a plurality of guardrail (2) surround into frame shape, characterized by: the safety device is characterized by further comprising two safety rods (4) and a safety net (5) fixed between the two safety rods (4), wherein the safety net (5) is a flexible net, the safety rods (4) and the safety net (5) are located at the outer side of the guardrail (2) and tightly attached to a hanging basket, the safety rods (4) are hinged to the top of the guardrail (2) through the tops, an elastic piece I (43) is arranged between each safety rod (4) and the guardrail (2), the elastic force of the elastic piece I (43) is used for driving the safety rods (4) to rotate outwards of the guardrail (2), a locking structure (5) is arranged at the end part, deviating from the guardrail (2), of each safety rod (4), and the safety rods (4) are fixed on the base plate (1) through the locking structures (5);

a foot pedal (3) is laid on the bottom plate (1), and a spring (32) is arranged between the foot pedal (3) and the bottom plate (1); the pedal (3) is provided with a driving block (33), when the pedal (3) moves upwards relative to the base plate (1), the driving block (33) can release the locking of the locking structure (5) to enable the safety rod (4) to rotate outwards from the guardrail (2);

the safety rod (4) comprises a vertical rod (41) tightly attached to the wall surface of the guardrail (2) and a transverse rod (42) tightly attached to the bottom surface of the bottom plate (1), and the vertical rod (41) and the transverse rod (42) are rotatably connected through the end parts; a second elastic part (45) is arranged between the vertical rod (41) and the cross rod (42), and the elasticity of the second elastic part (45) is used for driving the cross rod (42) to rotate towards the direction far away from the bottom plate (1); the vertical rod (41) and the cross rod (42) are rotatably connected through a hinge tube (44) arranged between the vertical rod and the cross rod in a penetrating mode, the second elastic piece (45) is a torsion spring, the second elastic piece (45) penetrates through the hinge tube (44), and two ends of the second elastic piece (45) are connected with the vertical rod (41) and the cross rod (42) respectively.

2. A gondola for high-altitude construction of construction engineering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the locking structure (5) comprises an elastic rod (51) fixed on the safety rod (4) and a locking rod (52) fixed on the bottom plate (1), a hook (511) hooked with the locking rod (52) is arranged on the elastic rod (51), the driving block (33) is located on one side, facing the hook (511), of the elastic rod (51), and the hook (511) is separated from the locking rod (52) in a mode of driving the elastic rod (51) to bend.

3. A gondola for high-altitude construction of construction engineering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the lower extreme outer wall of montant (41) is arc surface (411), the position that arc surface (411) deviates from horizontal pole (42) is equipped with spacing groove (412), horizontal pole (42) are equipped with slide opening (421) towards montant (41), be equipped with stopper (422) in slide opening (421), order about stopper (422) three (423) of elastic component of salient slide opening (421), stopper (422) are through tip butt arc surface (411), work as when horizontal pole (42) rotate to one side that montant (41) deviates from guardrail (2) around hinge section of thick bamboo (44), thereby stopper (422) can get into in spacing groove (412) restriction horizontal pole (42) antiport.

4. A gondola for high-altitude construction of construction engineering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the length direction of horizontal pole (42) is parallel with the face of bottom plate (1), horizontal pole (42) are through the bottom surface of lateral wall face butt bottom plate (1), the lateral wall that horizontal pole (42) deviates from bottom plate (1) is used for contacting with ground.

5. A gondola for high-altitude construction of construction engineering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom surface of footboard (3) is fixed with supporting part (31), spring (32) are located the supporting part (31) outside, and when supporting part (31) butt bottom plate (1), spring (32) are in the state of compressing, drive block (33) are in the state of not releasing locking structure (5) locking.

6. A gondola for high-altitude construction of construction engineering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: guardrail (2) are including ejector pin (21) that are located the top, sill bar (22) that are located the bottom, sill bar (22) are located the top surface below of step board (3), only be provided with between ejector pin (21), sill bar (22) along vertical extension connecting rod (23).