CN111437439A - 一种生物力型下颌骨支架和微纳分级通透性的钛铌表面的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种生物力型下颌骨支架和微纳分级通透性的钛铌表面的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111437439A
CN111437439A CN202010219322.0A CN202010219322A CN111437439A CN 111437439 A CN111437439 A CN 111437439A CN 202010219322 A CN202010219322 A CN 202010219322A CN 111437439 A CN111437439 A CN 111437439A
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mandible
micro
niobium
alloy
alloy matrix
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韩婧
金明江
刘剑楠
周子疌
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
Ninth Peoples Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
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Ninth Peoples Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种生物力型下颌骨支架和微纳分级通透性的钛铌表面的制备方法，所述下颌骨支架的材料为梯度结构，包括合金基体和多孔表面；所述合金基体为钛‑铌基β系合金材料；所述多孔表面为微纳分级通透性的钛‑铌表面。本发明的生物力型下颌骨支架，具有高强度低模量的合金基体和多孔表面，且多孔结构进一步降低模量及形成利于成骨细胞粘附的形貌，使构建的下颌骨支架更符合生物力学特征并具有表面成骨活性。

Description

一种生物力型下颌骨支架和微纳分级通透性的钛铌表面的制 备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及口腔颌面修复重建技术领域，尤其涉及一种生物力型下颌骨支架及在下颌骨支架的合金基体表面制备微纳分级通透性的钛-铌表面的方法。
背景技术
目前下颌骨缺损修复方法包括自体骨移植及异质材料移植等，然而单纯的自体骨移植及全异质材料移植均存在缺陷。单纯自体骨移植存在自体骨量不足，供区损伤、及手术难度大等问题。全异质材料移植中研究最广泛的为纯钛材料。
然而，纯钛的全异质下颌骨，由于材料弹性模量高，与周围骨组织及软组织的结合能力差，在临床过程中仍然存在移植物暴露于口腔、骨结合不良、移植失败等问题。在下颌骨重建过程中，由钛板将移植骨块与下颌骨残端进行固定，然而由于纯钛的弹性模量显著高于下颌骨，容易导致应力屏蔽现象，从而导致移植骨应力不足而吸收。
为了克服自体骨量不足及单纯金属材料力学及生物相容性缺陷，有学者研究设计特制钛网结合髂骨或腓骨松质骨颗粒和骨髓进行下颌骨重建，该方案可以避免应力屏蔽效应，然而其显著缺点包括：由于下颌骨高生物应力特征，钛网的结构设计强度不足，在受力过程中容易发生形变；而且游离非血管化松质骨术后吸收率高且抗感染能力差，长期效果不佳。
因此，亟需提供一种既符合下颌骨生物力学特征、又能促进材料-骨界面的成骨的颌骨重建支架，减少应力遮挡，以解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种生物力型下颌骨支架，具有高强度低模量的合金基体和多孔表面，且多孔结构进一步降低模量及形成利于成骨细胞粘附的形貌，使构建的下颌骨支架更符合生物力学特征并具有表面成骨活性。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采取了以下技术方案。
本发明提供了一种生物力型下颌骨支架，所述下颌骨支架的材料为梯度结构，包括合金基体和多孔表面；所述合金基体为Ti-Nb基β系合金材料；所述多孔表面为微纳分级通透性的钛-铌表面。
进一步，所述合金基体还包括锡(Sn)和锆(Zr)中的至少一种。
进一步，所述微纳分级通透性的钛-铌表面中的孔径的范围为100～300纳米。
进一步，所述多孔表面的厚度为5～30微米。
本发明还提供了一种在下颌骨支架的合金基体表面制备微纳分级通透性的钛-铌表面的方法，包括如下步骤：
下颌骨支架的合金基体的表面沉积有合金涂层，对所述合金涂层进行去合金化，即可在下颌骨支架的合金基体的表面形成微纳分级通透性的钛-铌表面。
进一步，所述合金涂层的材料包括“Ti-Nb+Ti-Fe”双相体系。
进一步，所述Ti-Fe相的体积占比为30～70％；例如，所述Ti-Fe相的体积占比可以为30％、50％和70％。
进一步，所述合金涂层的厚度为5～30微米。例如，本发明中所述涂层的厚度可以为5μm、10μm、15μm、20μm、25μm和30μm。
进一步，所述合金涂层的制备具体为：采用磁控溅射法将沉积材料沉积在所述合金基体的表面，即得合金涂层。
进一步，所述沉积材料包括“Ti-Nb+Ti-Fe”双相体系；所述Ti-Fe相的体积占比为30～70％。
进一步，所述合金基体的制备步骤如下：将金属粉末混合，熔炼，即可制得合金基体。
进一步，所述金属粉末包括钛(Ti)、铌(Nb)、锡(Sn)和锆(Zr)。
本发明中，所述生物力型下颌骨支架的结构根据实际情况确定。
本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明中的生物力型下颌骨支架既符合下颌骨生物力学特征，减少应力遮挡，又能促进材料-骨界面的成骨，符合生物力学特征并具有表面成骨活性。
本发明中的生物力型下颌骨支架具有高强度低模量的钛铌合金材料基体，由Ti、Nb、Sn、Zr等具有良好生物相容性的元素制得，使下颌骨支架基体拥有接近下颌骨骨皮质的弹性模量并拥有更高的机械强度。
本发明利用“磁控溅射和去合金化”技术在合金基体的表面形成了微纳通透多孔结构，进一步降低支架表面的弹性模量，且利于成骨细胞粘附，使得本发明具有优良的表面成骨活性。本发明中，通过对合金涂层的初始双相体积比、组织结构进行调控，有效控制去合金化以后所得材料表面的孔径分布、孔隙率和通透性，使合金的表面模量进一步降低，并形成微纳通透性多孔表面。
本发明的支架能够很好地应用于口腔颌面修重建外科手术中，满足用作下颌骨重建支架的性能需求，机械性能及生物相容性俱佳。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明生物力型下颌骨支架材料的结构示意图。
图2a为本发明中的合金基体；图2b为本发明中的沉积有合金涂层的合金基体；图2c为本发明中具有微纳分级通透性的钛-铌表面的合金基体。
图中的标号分别为：
1、合金基体；
2、合金涂层；
3、微纳分级通透性的钛-铌表面。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
参考图1，本实施例提供了一种生物力型下颌骨支架，所述下颌骨支架的材料为梯度结构，包括合金基体和多孔表面；所述合金基体为Ti-Nb基β系合金材料；所述多孔表面为微纳分级通透性的钛-铌表面。所述合金基体还包括锡(Sn)和锆(Zr)中的至少一种。所述微纳分级通透性的钛-铌表面中的孔径的范围为100～300纳米。所述多孔表面的厚度为5～30微米。
实施例2
参考图1，本实施例提供了一种生物力型下颌骨支架，所述下颌骨支架的材料为梯度结构，包括合金基体和多孔表面；所述合金基体为Ti-Nb基β系合金材料；所述多孔表面为微纳分级通透性的钛-铌表面。所述合金基体还包括锡(Sn)和锆(Zr)。所述微纳分级通透性的钛-铌表面中的孔径的范围为100～300纳米。
参考图2，本实施例还提供了一种在下颌骨支架的合金基体表面制备微纳分级通透性的钛-铌表面的方法，包括如下步骤：下颌骨支架的合金基体的表面沉积有合金涂层，对所述合金涂层进行去合金化，即可在下颌骨支架的合金基体的表面制得微纳分级通透性的钛-铌表面。
所述合金涂层的材料包括“Ti-Nb+Ti-Fe”双相体系。所述Ti-Fe相的体积占比为30～70％。所述合金涂层的厚度为5～30微米。
所述合金涂层的制备具体为：采用磁控溅射法将沉积材料沉积在所述合金基体的表面，即得合金涂层。
所述合金基体的制备步骤如下：将金属粉末混合，熔炼，即可制得合金基体。所述金属粉末包括钛(Ti)、铌(Nb)、锡(Sn)和锆(Zr)。
本发明一具体应用，将本实施例中的所述生物力型下颌骨支架应用于口腔颌面修重建外科手术中：本发明用作下颌骨重建支架，具有高强度低弹性模量；因其更符合生物力学特征且其所述微纳通透性的多孔表面具有表面成骨活性，因此，使用本发明的下颌骨重建支架能够有效促进表面成骨，有益效果显著。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种生物力型下颌骨支架，其特征在于，所述下颌骨支架的材料为梯度结构，包括合金基体和多孔表面；所述合金基体的材料包括钛-铌基β系合金材料；所述多孔表面为微纳分级通透性的钛-铌表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生物力型下颌骨支架，其特征在于，所述合金基体的材料还包括锡和锆中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的生物力型下颌骨支架，其特征在于，所述微纳分级通透性的钛-铌表面中的孔径的范围为100～300纳米；优选地，所述多孔表面的厚度为5～30微米。
4.一种在下颌骨支架的合金基体表面制备微纳分级通透性的钛-铌表面的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
下颌骨支架的合金基体的表面沉积有合金涂层，对所述合金涂层进行去合金化，即可在下颌骨支架的合金基体的表面制得微纳分级通透性的钛-铌表面。
5.根据权利要求4所述的在下颌骨支架的合金基体表面制备微纳分级通透性的钛-铌表面的方法，其特征在于，所述合金涂层的材料包括“Ti-Nb+Ti-Fe”双相体系。
6.根据权利要求5所述的在下颌骨支架的合金基体表面制备微纳分级通透性的钛-铌表面的方法，其特征在于，所述Ti-Fe相的体积占比为30～70％。
7.根据权利要求4或5所述的在下颌骨支架的合金基体表面制备微纳分级通透性的钛-铌表面的方法，其特征在于，所述合金涂层的厚度为5～30微米。
8.根据权利要求7所述的在下颌骨支架的合金基体表面制备微纳分级通透性的钛-铌表面的方法，其特征在于，所述合金涂层采用磁控溅射法沉积在所述合金基体的表面。
9.根据权利要求4所述的在下颌骨支架的合金基体表面制备微纳分级通透性的钛-铌表面的方法，其特征在于，所述合金基体的制备步骤如下：将金属粉末混合，熔炼，即可制得合金基体。
10.根据权利要求9所述的在下颌骨支架的合金基体表面制备微纳分级通透性的钛-铌表面的方法，其特征在于，所述金属粉末包括钛、铌、锡和锆。
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