CN111424464B - 一种用于纸质保护的改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种用于纸质保护的改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于纸质保护的改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液的制备方法及其应用,可有效解决减缓纸张酸化速率,延缓纸张老化,实现对纸质文献的加固保护问题,方法是,壳聚糖中加入稀酸,磁力搅拌,然后加入有机锡催化剂、氧化环己烯,反应,冷却至室温,磁力搅拌下加入高碘酸钠溶液,避光反应,然后加入乙二醇,终止反应,加无水乙醇静置过夜,抽滤,收集沉淀,沉淀用无水乙醇洗涤沉淀,将沉淀冷冻干燥,得氧化壳聚糖粉末,溶解于蒸馏水中,室温、磁力搅拌下,滴加氨基硅油水溶液,得改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液;本发明原料丰富,制备方法简单,易生产制备,条件温和,原料廉价易得,无毒无害,有效增强纸质文物的韧性、强度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化工,特别是一种用于纸质保护的改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
纸质文物镌刻着我国的兴衰与发展,作为历史传承的文化载体,具有极高的文化、历史和科研价值,是我们极其宝贵的财富。但随着岁月的流逝和环境的变迁,许多纸质文物已经失去往日的容颜,变得苍老破碎。纸张本身是一种质地轻薄、柔软、低强度的材料,然而随着岁月的流逝,纸质文献的酸化情况日益严重,大量古籍善本出现了发黄霉交、粉化碎裂等现象,根本无法翻阅,一旦保护处理方法失当,其造成的后果将是毁灭性和无可挽回的,因此,对纸质文献进行及时的加固与保护迫在眉睫。
发明内容
针对上述情况,为克服现有技术之缺陷,本发明之目的就是提供一种用于纸质保护的改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液的制备方法及其应用,可有效解决减缓纸张酸化速率,延缓纸张老化,实现对纸质文献的加固保护问题。
本发明解决的技术方案是,一种用于纸质保护的改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液的制备方法,所述的复合加固液是由壳聚糖、氧化环己烯、有机锡催化剂、氨基硅油制成,方法是,称取壳聚糖1-3g,加入四口烧瓶中,再向烧瓶中加入重量浓度1%的稀酸100mL,于55-60℃、1500转/分钟条件下磁力搅拌30min,然后加入有机锡催化剂0.02-0.05g,继续搅拌5min后,缓慢滴加2-6mL氧化环己烯,滴加完毕,反应5h,然后冷却至室温,在600转/分钟磁力搅拌条件下,加入0.1mol/L的高碘酸钠(NaIO4)溶液60-100mL,避光反应1h,然后加入1mol/L的乙二醇20-30mL,继续搅拌1h,终止反应,加入300-500mL无水乙醇静置过夜8-12h,抽滤,收集沉淀,沉淀用无水乙醇洗涤沉淀3-5次,将沉淀冷冻干燥,得到淡黄色氧化壳聚糖粉末;取3-5g氧化壳聚糖粉末溶解于50mL蒸馏水中,在室温、800转/分钟磁力搅拌的条件下,缓慢滴加重量浓度15-25%的氨基硅油水溶液50mL,滴加完毕,继续搅拌2h,得到无色透明的改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液;
所述壳聚糖的脱乙酰度≥95%,粘度为100-200mP.s;
所述稀酸为稀乙酸、稀盐酸中的一种;
所述有机锡催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡、二醋酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡中的一种,纯度90%;
所述的氧化环己烯,沸点129-130℃,纯度98%;
所述氨基硅油为具有良好水溶性的γ―氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,纯度98%;
所述的高碘酸钠,白色结晶性粉末,纯度99%;
所述的乙二醇,纯度99%。
本发明原料丰富,制备方法简单,易生产制备,条件温和,原料廉价易得,无毒无害,可有效用于保护纸质文物,γ―氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷上的硅烷氧基(Si-OCH2CH3)极易水解为硅羟基(Si-OH),其活性氨基与氧化壳聚糖活性醛基反应的同时,硅羟基与纸张纤维上羟基通过氢键作用结合,可有效增强纸质文物的韧性、强度,是纸质文物加固液上的创新,经济和社会效益显著。
附图说明
图1为本发明的反应机理图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明的具体实施方式作详细说明。
实施例1
本发明在具体实施中,如图1所示,一种用于纸质保护的改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液的制备方法,称取壳聚糖2g,加入四口烧瓶中,再向烧瓶中加入重量浓度1%的稀酸100mL,于58℃、1500转/分钟条件下磁力搅拌30min,然后加入有机锡催化剂0.04g,继续搅拌5min后,缓慢滴加4mL氧化环己烯,滴加完毕,反应5h,然后冷却至室温,在600转/分钟磁力搅拌条件下,加入0.1mol/L的高碘酸钠(NaIO4)溶液90mL,避光反应1h,然后加入1mol/L的乙二醇25mL,继续搅拌1h,终止反应,加入400mL无水乙醇静置过夜10h,抽滤,收集沉淀,沉淀用无水乙醇洗涤沉淀4次,将沉淀冷冻干燥,得到淡黄色氧化壳聚糖粉末;取4g氧化壳聚糖粉末溶解于50mL蒸馏水中,在室温、800转/分钟磁力搅拌的条件下,缓慢滴加重量浓度20%的氨基硅油水溶液50mL,滴加完毕,继续搅拌2h,得到无色透明的改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液。
实施例2
本发明在具体实施中,一种用于纸质保护的改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液的制备方法,称取壳聚糖1.61g,加入四口烧瓶中,再向烧瓶中加入重量浓度1%的稀酸100mL,于56℃、1500转/分钟条件下磁力搅拌30min,然后加入二月桂酸二丁基锡0.02g,继续搅拌5min后,缓慢滴加2.1mL氧化环己烯,滴加完毕,反应5h,然后冷却至室温,在600转/分钟磁力搅拌条件下,加入0.1mol/L的高碘酸钠(NaIO4)溶液100mL,避光反应1h,然后加入1mol/L的乙二醇30mL,继续搅拌1h,终止反应,加入500mL无水乙醇静置过夜9h,抽滤,收集沉淀,沉淀用无水乙醇洗涤沉淀3-5次,将沉淀冷冻干燥,得到淡黄色氧化壳聚糖粉末;取3g氧化壳聚糖粉末溶解于50mL蒸馏水中,在室温、800转/分钟磁力搅拌的条件下,缓慢滴加重量浓度16%的氨基硅油水溶液50mL,滴加完毕,继续搅拌2h,得到改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液。
实施例3
本发明在具体实施中,一种用于纸质保护的改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液的制备方法,称取壳聚糖2g,加入四口烧瓶中,再向烧瓶中加入重量浓度1%的稀酸100mL,于558℃、1500转/分钟条件下磁力搅拌30min,然后加入二醋酸二丁基锡0.03g,继续搅拌5min后,缓慢滴加3.1mL氧化环己烯,滴加完毕,反应5h,然后冷却至室温,在600转/分钟磁力搅拌条件下,加入0.1mol/L的高碘酸钠(NaIO4)溶液80mL,避光反应1h,然后加入1mol/L的乙二醇25mL,继续搅拌1h,终止反应,加入450mL无水乙醇静置过夜11h,抽滤,收集沉淀,沉淀用无水乙醇洗涤沉淀3-5次,将沉淀冷冻干燥,得到淡黄色氧化壳聚糖粉末;取5g氧化壳聚糖粉末溶解于50mL蒸馏水中,在室温、800转/分钟磁力搅拌的条件下,缓慢滴加重量浓度18%的氨基硅油水溶液50mL,滴加完毕,继续搅拌2h,得到无色透明的改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液。
实施例4
本发明在具体实施中,一种用于纸质保护的改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液的制备方法,称取壳聚糖1.5g,加入四口烧瓶中,再向烧瓶中加入重量浓度1%的稀酸100mL,于60℃、1500转/分钟条件下磁力搅拌30min,然后加入辛酸亚锡0.05g,继续搅拌5min后,缓慢滴加4.1mL氧化环己烯,滴加完毕,反应5h,然后冷却至室温,在600转/分钟磁力搅拌条件下,加入0.1mol/L的高碘酸钠(NaIO4)溶液60mL,避光反应1h,然后加入1mol/L的乙二醇20mL,继续搅拌1h,终止反应,加入350mL无水乙醇静置过夜8h,抽滤,收集沉淀,沉淀用无水乙醇洗涤沉淀3-5次,将沉淀冷冻干燥,得到淡黄色氧化壳聚糖粉末;取4g氧化壳聚糖粉末溶解于50mL蒸馏水中,在室温、800转/分钟磁力搅拌的条件下,缓慢滴加重量浓度23%的氨基硅油水溶液50mL,滴加完毕,继续搅拌2h,得到无色透明的改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液。
实施例1-4所述方法制备的用于纸质保护的改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液在纸质文物保护中的应用,方法是,纸质文物直接浸于改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液,浸湿捞出,60℃烘3-5分钟,取出在室温下至干。
有关试验资料如下:
以现代的书法宣纸代替古代纸样,采用热老化的方法,即试样在烘箱内放置72±1h,温度控制在105±2℃,对试样进行一次模拟老化实验,以此处理后的试样作为空白纸样。准备两个完全相同的托盘,将本发明方法制备的改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液先在其中一个托盘中均匀铺一层,将按标准剪裁的空白纸样放置其中浸泡5分钟;然后在另一托盘中均匀铺一层与前述托盘中质量相同的蒸馏水,将试验纸样浸泡5分钟做空白对照。取出实验纸样在温、湿度稳定的环境中自然放置待其自然干燥。为了验证本发明的使用效果,分别对本发明实施例的产品用上述方法对宣纸进行加固处理,测试处理前后宣纸的抗张强度、耐折度、纸张撕裂度、纸张光泽度和纸张白度,结果见表1。其中,纸张抗张强度测试按照我国国家标准GB/T12914-2008进行测定;纸张耐折度测定按照我国国家标准GB/T457-2008进行测定;纸张撕裂度按照我国国家标准GB/455-2002进行测定;纸张光泽度按照我国国家标准GB/T8941-2013进行测定;纸张白度按照我国国家标准GB/T7974-2002进行测定。
表1:
试验清楚表明,本发明方法制备的复合加固液,无论是在纸张抗张强度、纸张耐折度、纸张撕裂度都明显优于空白纸样,纸张抗张强度提高26.8%,甚至高达44%以上,纸张耐折度提高1.95倍,甚至高达3倍,纸张撕裂度提高1.23倍,甚至高达1.79倍,可有效增强纸质文物的韧性、强度,有效提高了对纸质文物的保护,是纸质文物保护上的创新,经济和社会效益显著。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于纸质保护的改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液的制备方法,其特征是:所述的复合加固液是由壳聚糖、氧化环己烯、有机锡催化剂、氨基硅油制成,方法是,称取壳聚糖1-3g,加入四口烧瓶中,再向烧瓶中加入重量浓度1%的稀酸100mL,于55-60℃、1500转/分钟条件下磁力搅拌30min,然后加入有机锡催化剂0.02-0.05g,继续搅拌5min后,缓慢滴加2-6mL氧化环己烯,滴加完毕,反应5h,然后冷却至室温,在600转/分钟磁力搅拌条件下,加入0.1mol/L的高碘酸钠溶液60-100mL,避光反应1h,然后加入1mol/L的乙二醇20-30mL,继续搅拌1h,终止反应,加入300-500mL无水乙醇静置过夜8-12h,抽滤,收集沉淀,沉淀用无水乙醇洗涤沉淀3-5次,将沉淀冷冻干燥,得到淡黄色氧化壳聚糖粉末;取3-5g氧化壳聚糖粉末溶解于50mL蒸馏水中,在室温、800转/分钟磁力搅拌的条件下,缓慢滴加重量浓度15-25%的氨基硅油水溶液50mL,滴加完毕,继续搅拌2h,得到无色透明的改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液;
所述壳聚糖的脱乙酰度≥95%,粘度为100-200 mPa .s;
所述稀酸为稀乙酸、稀盐酸中的一种;
所述有机锡催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡、二醋酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡中的一种,纯度90%;
所述的氧化环己烯,沸点129-130℃,纯度98%;
所述氨基硅油为具有良好水溶性的γ―氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,纯度98%;
所述的高碘酸钠,白色结晶性粉末,纯度99%;
所述的乙二醇,纯度99%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于纸质保护的改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液的制备方法,其特征是:称取壳聚糖2g,加入四口烧瓶中,再向烧瓶中加入重量浓度1%的稀酸100mL,于58℃、1500转/分钟条件下磁力搅拌30min,然后加入有机锡催化剂0.04g,继续搅拌5min后,缓慢滴加4mL 氧化环己烯,滴加完毕,反应5h,然后冷却至室温,在600转/分钟磁力搅拌条件下,加入0.1mol/L的高碘酸钠溶液90mL,避光反应1h,然后加入1mol/L的乙二醇25mL,继续搅拌1h,终止反应,加入400mL无水乙醇静置过夜10h,抽滤,收集沉淀,沉淀用无水乙醇洗涤沉淀4次,将沉淀冷冻干燥,得到淡黄色氧化壳聚糖粉末;取4g氧化壳聚糖粉末溶解于50mL蒸馏水中,在室温、800转/分钟磁力搅拌的条件下,缓慢滴加重量浓度20%的氨基硅油水溶液50mL,滴加完毕,继续搅拌2h,得到无色透明的改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于纸质保护的改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液的制备方法,其特征是:称取壳聚糖1.61g,加入四口烧瓶中,再向烧瓶中加入重量浓度1%的稀酸100mL,于56℃、1500转/分钟条件下磁力搅拌30min,然后加入二月桂酸二丁基锡0.02g,继续搅拌5min后,缓慢滴加2.1mL 氧化环己烯,滴加完毕,反应5h,然后冷却至室温,在600转/分钟磁力搅拌条件下,加入0.1mol/L的高碘酸钠溶液100mL,避光反应1h,然后加入1mol/L的乙二醇30mL,继续搅拌1h,终止反应,加入500mL无水乙醇静置过夜9h,抽滤,收集沉淀,沉淀用无水乙醇洗涤沉淀3-5次,将沉淀冷冻干燥,得到淡黄色氧化壳聚糖粉末;取3g氧化壳聚糖粉末溶解于50mL蒸馏水中,在室温、800转/分钟磁力搅拌的条件下,缓慢滴加重量浓度16%的氨基硅油水溶液50mL,滴加完毕,继续搅拌2h,得到改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于纸质保护的改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液的制备方法,其特征是:称取壳聚糖2g,加入四口烧瓶中,再向烧瓶中加入重量浓度1%的稀酸100mL,于558℃、1500转/分钟条件下磁力搅拌30min,然后加入二醋酸二丁基锡0.03g,继续搅拌5min后,缓慢滴加3.1mL 氧化环己烯,滴加完毕,反应5h,然后冷却至室温,在600转/分钟磁力搅拌条件下,加入0.1mol/L的高碘酸钠溶液80mL,避光反应1h,然后加入1mol/L的乙二醇25mL,继续搅拌1h,终止反应,加入450mL无水乙醇静置过夜11h,抽滤,收集沉淀,沉淀用无水乙醇洗涤沉淀3-5次,将沉淀冷冻干燥,得到淡黄色氧化壳聚糖粉末;取5g氧化壳聚糖粉末溶解于50mL蒸馏水中,在室温、800转/分钟磁力搅拌的条件下,缓慢滴加重量浓度18%的氨基硅油水溶液50mL,滴加完毕,继续搅拌2h,得到无色透明的改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于纸质保护的改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液的制备方法,其特征是:称取壳聚糖1.5g,加入四口烧瓶中,再向烧瓶中加入重量浓度1%的稀酸100mL,于60℃、1500转/分钟条件下磁力搅拌30min,然后加入辛酸亚锡0.05g,继续搅拌5min后,缓慢滴加4.1mL 氧化环己烯,滴加完毕,反应5h,然后冷却至室温,在600转/分钟磁力搅拌条件下,加入0.1mol/L的高碘酸钠溶液60mL,避光反应1h,然后加入1mol/L的乙二醇20mL,继续搅拌1h,终止反应,加入350mL无水乙醇静置过夜8h,抽滤,收集沉淀,沉淀用无水乙醇洗涤沉淀3-5次,将沉淀冷冻干燥,得到淡黄色氧化壳聚糖粉末;取4g氧化壳聚糖粉末溶解于50mL蒸馏水中,在室温、800转/分钟磁力搅拌的条件下,缓慢滴加重量浓度23%的氨基硅油水溶液50mL,滴加完毕,继续搅拌2h,得到无色透明的改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液。
6.权利要求1-5任一项所述方法制备的用于纸质保护的改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液在纸质文物保护中的应用,方法是,将纸质文物直接浸于改性壳聚糖/硅复合加固液中,浸湿捞出,60℃烘3-5分钟,取出在室温下至干。
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