CN111423850B - Antifreezing solution for railway transportation and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Antifreezing solution for railway transportation and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111423850B CN111423850B CN202010402170.8A CN202010402170A CN111423850B CN 111423850 B CN111423850 B CN 111423850B CN 202010402170 A CN202010402170 A CN 202010402170A CN 111423850 B CN111423850 B CN 111423850B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an antifreeze solution for railway transportation, a preparation method and an application thereof, wherein the antifreeze solution for railway transportation comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25-33% of anhydrous calcium chloride, 3-6% of magnesium aluminum silicate organic modified bentonite, 3-5% of sodium nitrite, 1-3% of pregelatinized starch, 1-3% of antirust lubricating oil, 2-5% of corrosion inhibitor, 1-3% of sodium pyrophosphate, 0.05-0.10% of sodium hydroxide and the balance of water. The antifreeze fluid for railway transportation has excellent performance, can be used for transporting bulk granular goods in extremely cold weather, meets the national railway standard, has the performance higher than the national standard, ensures self corrosion resistance, prevents the water-containing bulk granular goods from oxidizing and corroding the train wagon to protect the train wagon, and has very high cost performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antifreeze solutions, in particular to an antifreeze solution for railway transportation and a preparation method and application thereof, and especially relates to an isolated antifreeze solution for railway freight trains in severe cold regions to transport bulk granular goods and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The railway freight train is a main mode for transporting bulk granular cargos such as coal, metal ore (powder), sand and stone materials and the like, and is a main transportation mode in China at present and in future because of the characteristics of large transportation quantity, high speed, low cost and no limitation of climatic conditions. The washing and the separation are indispensable procedures for deep processing of bulk granular goods such as coal, metal ore (powder), sand and stone, even in cold seasons or severe cold regions and more severe extremely cold environments, granular goods such as the washed coal, the metal ore (powder), the sand and stone and the like are continuously transported to all over the country, but in the environment, the bulk granular goods contain a large amount of moisture, so that the train skin and the bulk granular goods are firmly frozen into a whole, and the problem that the train cannot be unloaded is caused.
The traditional solution is to paint diesel oil or engine oil on the surface of the car body, spray inorganic salt to prevent frostbite or heat before unloading and unfreeze, etc., which not only can increase the transportation cost, consume a large amount of resources, reduce the use efficiency of the car, delay production, increase the maintenance cost, but also can destroy the anticorrosive coating of the car skin, rust the metal in the carriage in large area, accelerate the aging of the equipment, shorten the scrapped age of the car skin to a great extent, cause huge economic loss, and can not solve the problem fundamentally.
The antifreeze of the national railway standard TB/T3208-2008 is used, namely the antifreeze is uniformly sprayed once when bulk granular goods are transported in extremely cold weather (-10 ℃ to-45 ℃), but the bulk granular goods contain a large amount of water, so that the antifreeze performance of the antifreeze is greatly reduced, and a train is generally frozen after the antifreeze is sprayed, and the train cannot be unloaded. Moreover, the effective antifreezing performance can be achieved only by uniformly spraying the antifreezing solution for two to three times, but the unloading residual coal rate is still higher than the corresponding national standard. This not only increases the spraying cost, reduces the efficiency of the vehicle, delays production, but also wastes a large amount of time.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an antifreeze for railway transportation, which is used for solving the problems that the particulate matters in bulk transported by the existing railway train are easy to freeze the upper part in cold weather and the problems of poor wall-hanging property, poor dispersibility, uneven spraying and high cost of the existing common antifreeze.
One aspect of the invention provides an antifreeze solution for railway transportation, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25-33% of anhydrous calcium chloride, 3-6% of magnesium aluminum silicate organic modified bentonite, 3-5% of sodium nitrite, 1-3% of pregelatinized starch, 1-3% of antirust lubricating oil, 2-5% of corrosion inhibitor, 1-3% of sodium pyrophosphate, 0.05-0.10% of sodium hydroxide and the balance of water.
The antifreeze solution for railway transportation comprises the components of anhydrous calcium chloride, sodium nitrite, antirust lubricating oil, aluminum magnesium silicate organic modified bentonite and the like, and the freezing point of an antifreeze solution system can be reduced by using the anhydrous calcium chloride and the sodium nitrite, so that the antifreeze solution can be normally used in extremely cold weather; the antirust lubricant and the anticorrosion corrosion inhibitor can prevent the antifreezing solution from corroding a used object, and enhance the anticorrosion property, and meanwhile, the antirust lubricant is added to endow the antifreezing solution with a lubricating effect to a certain degree, so that granular goods can be prevented from being adhered to a train; by using the aluminum magnesium silicate organic modified bentonite and the pregelatinized starch, the viscosity of an antifreeze solution system can be increased, and the wall-hanging property is enhanced.
The bentonite has good thickening property, thixotropy, suspension stability, high-temperature stability, lubricity, film-forming property and strong hygroscopicity and expansibility, has certain adsorption capacity on various liquids and organic substances, can adsorb water with volume 5-15 times of the volume of the bentonite, and can expand the volume by several times to 30 times. The bentonite can quickly form a net-shaped flocculation structure in water and can be dispersed into a suspension gel in an aqueous medium, so that the viscosity, the thixotropy and the lubricity of a medium solution are enhanced. According to the application, the magnesium aluminum silicate organic modified bentonite is selected, the interlayer spacing is increased, the adsorbability and the dispersibility are better than those of the traditional bentonite, so that the whole antifreeze liquid is in a flocculation structure, the continuous growth of crystals is hindered, the number of chemical bonds is reduced, and the frozen side of particulate matters can be effectively prevented even in severe cold weather; on the other hand, by introducing the aluminum magnesium silicate organic modified bentonite, the viscosity of the antifreeze liquid is increased due to a rapidly formed mesh flocculation structure, and the wall-hanging property is enhanced.
Preferably, the antifreeze solution for railway transportation comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 28-31% of anhydrous calcium chloride, 3-5% of magnesium aluminum silicate organic modified bentonite, 4-5% of sodium nitrite, 1-3% of pregelatinized starch, 1-2% of antirust lubricating oil, 3-5% of corrosion inhibitor, 1-3% of sodium pyrophosphate, 0.05-0.10% of sodium hydroxide and the balance of water.
Further preferably, the corrosion inhibitor comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3-3.5% of sodium gluconate, 2-2.5% of mercaptobenzothiazole, 0.5-1.0% of water-soluble oleic acid imidazoline, 1-2% of ethanol, 1-1.5% of sodium hexametaphosphate and the balance of water.
Further preferably, the magnesium aluminum silicate organically-modified bentonite is magnesium aluminum silicate bentonite modified by dimethyl octadecyl benzyl ammonium chloride.
Particularly preferably, the antifreeze solution for railway transportation comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 28% of anhydrous calcium chloride, 3% of organic modified bentonite of magnesium aluminum silicate, 5% of sodium nitrite, 1% of pregelatinized starch, 1% of antirust lubricating oil, 3% of anticorrosion inhibitor, 1% of sodium pyrophosphate, 0.05-0.10% of sodium hydroxide and the balance of water; the corrosion inhibitor comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3% of sodium gluconate, 2% of mercaptobenzothiazole, 0.5% of water-soluble oleic acid imidazoline, 1% of ethanol, 1% of sodium hexametaphosphate and the balance of water.
Particularly preferably, the antifreeze for railway transportation comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 30% of anhydrous calcium chloride, 4% of organic modified bentonite of magnesium aluminum silicate, 4.5% of sodium nitrite, 1.5% of antirust lubricating oil, 3% of anticorrosion inhibitor, 2% of sodium pyrophosphate, 2% of pregelatinized starch, 0.05-0.10% of sodium hydroxide and the balance of water; the corrosion inhibitor comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.2 percent of sodium gluconate, 2.2 percent of mercaptobenzothiazole, 0.7 percent of water-soluble oleic acid imidazoline, 1.5 percent of ethanol, 1.2 percent of sodium hexametaphosphate and the balance of water.
One aspect of the present invention provides a preparation method of the antifreeze solution for railway transportation, including the following steps:
(1) Mixing the aluminum magnesium silicate organic modified bentonite, the antirust lubricating oil, the sodium pyrophosphate, the pregelatinized starch and water, and performing high-speed shearing, dispersion and stirring to prepare a pre-gel;
(2) Mixing the pre-gel obtained by stirring in the step (1), an anticorrosive inhibitor, anhydrous calcium chloride and sodium nitrite, and fully stirring;
(3) And (3) adding sodium hydroxide into the solution obtained in the step (2), mixing and stirring, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to 7-9.0 to obtain the finished product of the antifreezing solution for railway transportation.
Preferably, the components of the corrosion inhibitor are mixed uniformly and then put into the step (2) to be mixed with other components.
Preferably, the rotational speed of the shear dispersion agitation is greater than 2000rpm.
The invention also provides application of the anti-freezing solution for railway transportation in transportation of granular goods in severe cold weather. Specifically, the temperature in severe cold weather is-10 ℃ to-45 ℃.
The antifreeze for railway transportation has excellent performance, can be used for transporting bulk granular cargos in extremely cold weather (minus 10 ℃ to minus 45 ℃), and has higher performance than the national standard while meeting the national railway standard TB/T3208-2008 antifreeze for railway transportation for bulk granular cargo transportation; the water-containing bulk granular cargo is protected from oxidizing corrosion to the wagon while the self-corrosion resistance is ensured; the use object and the surrounding environment are not affected; the antifreezing solution has a freezing point lower than-55 ℃, meets the requirement that the water-containing bulk granular goods are used in extremely cold weather, does not freeze the upper after being sprayed once, ensures that the antifreezing solution for railway transportation can be stored for a long time, is not volatilized in the using process, and has very high cost performance.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the antifreeze solution for railway transportation comprises components such as anhydrous calcium chloride, sodium nitrite and antirust lubricating oil, wherein the anhydrous calcium chloride and the sodium nitrite can lower the freezing point, so that the antifreeze solution for railway transportation can be used in extremely cold weather; the antirust lubricating oil has a lubricating effect, can prevent liquid from corroding a using object, and enhances the corrosion resistance; the aluminum magnesium silicate organically modified bentonite and the pregelatinized starch can make liquid generate viscosity and enhance the wall-hanging property. The antifreeze for railway transportation disclosed by the invention is reasonable in component matching, and can completely meet the antifreeze requirement of bulk granular goods.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
It is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.
The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The test materials used in the following examples were purchased from a conventional biochemical reagent store unless otherwise specified. In the quantitative tests in the following examples, three replicates were set, and the data are the mean or the mean ± standard deviation of the three replicates.
It should be noted that the rust-proof lubricating oil adopted in the embodiment of the invention is of industrial grade; pregelatinized starch, which is food-grade alpha starch; sodium hydroxide is technical grade; sodium nitrite is of industrial grade; anhydrous calcium chloride is technical grade. The sodium gluconate, the mercaptobenzothiazole, the water-soluble oleic acid imidazoline and the ethanol for preparing the corrosion inhibitor are all AR grade.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an antifreezing solution for railway transportation, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 28% of anhydrous calcium chloride, 3% of aluminum magnesium silicate organic modified bentonite, 5% of sodium nitrite, 1 per mill of antirust lubricating oil, 3 per mill of corrosion inhibitor, 1 per mill of sodium pyrophosphate, 1% of pregelatinized starch, 0.05-0.10 per mill of sodium hydroxide and the balance of water.
The weight percentage of the corrosion inhibitor is as follows: 3% of AR-grade sodium gluconate, 2% of AR-grade mercaptobenzothiazole, 0.5% of AR-grade water-soluble oleic acid imidazoline, 1% of AR-grade ethanol, 1% of sodium hexametaphosphate and the balance of water.
The preparation method of the antifreeze solution for railway transportation comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing aluminum magnesium silicate organic modified bentonite, antirust lubricating oil, sodium pyrophosphate, pregelatinized starch and water, and performing high-speed shearing, dispersing and stirring to prepare pre-gel;
(2) Mixing the pre-gel obtained by stirring in the step (1), anhydrous calcium chloride, sodium nitrite and an anticorrosion corrosion inhibitor, and fully stirring;
(3) And (3) adding sodium hydroxide into the solution obtained in the step (2), mixing and stirring, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to 7-9.0 to obtain the finished product of the antifreezing solution for railway transportation.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an antifreezing solution for railway transportation, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 30% of anhydrous calcium chloride, 4% of organic modified bentonite of magnesium aluminum silicate, 4.5% of sodium nitrite, 1.5% of antirust lubricating oil, 3% of corrosion inhibitor, 2% of sodium pyrophosphate, 2% of pregelatinized starch, 0.05-0.10% of sodium hydroxide and the balance of water.
The weight percentage of the corrosion inhibitor is as follows: 3.2% of AR-grade sodium gluconate, 2.2% of AR-grade mercaptobenzothiazole, 0.7% of AR-grade water-soluble oleic acid imidazoline, 1.5% of AR-grade ethanol, 1.2% of sodium hexametaphosphate and the balance of water.
The preparation method of the antifreeze solution for railway transportation comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing aluminum magnesium silicate organic modified bentonite, antirust lubricating oil, sodium pyrophosphate, pregelatinized starch and water, and performing high-speed shearing, dispersing and stirring to prepare pre-gel;
(2) Mixing the pre-gel obtained by stirring in the step (1), anhydrous calcium chloride, sodium nitrite and an anticorrosion corrosion inhibitor, and fully stirring;
(3) And (3) adding sodium hydroxide into the solution obtained in the step (2), mixing and stirring, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to 7-9.0 to obtain the finished product of the antifreezing solution for railway transportation.
Example 3
This example provides an antifreeze for railway transportation, which is different from the antifreeze of example 2 in the composition of the corrosion inhibitor.
The weight percentage of the corrosion inhibitor is as follows: 3.5% of AR-grade sodium gluconate, 2.5% of AR-grade mercaptobenzothiazole, 1% of AR-grade water-soluble oleic acid imidazoline, 2% of AR-grade ethanol, 1.5% of sodium hexametaphosphate and the balance of water.
Example 4
The embodiment provides an antifreezing solution for railway transportation, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 31 percent of anhydrous calcium chloride, 5 percent of organic modified bentonite of magnesium aluminum silicate, 4 percent of sodium nitrite, 2 per mill of antirust lubricating oil, 5 per mill of corrosion inhibitor, 3 per mill of sodium pyrophosphate, 3 percent of pregelatinized starch, 0.05 to 0.10 per mill of sodium hydroxide and the balance of water.
The weight percentage of the corrosion inhibitor is as follows: 3.5% of AR-grade sodium gluconate, 2.5% of AR-grade mercaptobenzothiazole, 1% of AR-grade water-soluble oleic acid imidazoline, 2% of AR-grade ethanol, 1.5% of sodium hexametaphosphate and the balance of water.
The preparation method of the antifreeze solution for railway transportation comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing aluminum magnesium silicate organic modified bentonite, antirust lubricating oil, sodium pyrophosphate, pregelatinized starch and water, and performing high-speed shearing, dispersing and stirring to prepare pre-gel;
(2) Mixing the pre-gel obtained by stirring in the step (1), anhydrous calcium chloride, sodium nitrite and corrosion inhibitor, and fully stirring;
(3) And (3) adding sodium hydroxide into the solution obtained in the step (2), mixing and stirring, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to 7-9.0 to obtain the finished product of the antifreezing solution for railway transportation.
The performance indexes of the antifreeze solutions of the embodiments 1 to 4 of the present invention were counted, and the main technical indexes of the antifreeze solutions for railway transportation according to the embodiments 1 to 4 of the present invention are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Performance index of antifreeze
| Density (20 ℃ C.) g/cm 3 | Viscosity (20 ℃ C.)/mPas | Freezing point (. Degree. C.) | |
| Example 1 | 1.285 | 65 | -52 |
| Example 2 | 1.292 | 73 | -54 |
| Example 3 | 1.293 | 74 | -54 |
| Example 4 | 1.298 | 78 | -57 |
Other indexes of the antifreeze solution for railway transportation prepared in the embodiments 1 to 4 of the invention meet the requirements of the industry standard TB/T3208-2008 & lt technical conditions for bulk granular cargo transportation & gt. In fact, in order to meet the requirements of actual conditions, the contact surface between the vehicle and the coal is ensured not to be frozen in severe weather, and the quality indexes of the density and the viscosity of the antifreeze are improved; in order to ensure that the antifreeze is gelatinous liquid, has thickening, bonding and dispersing functions, can be uniformly attached to the train side wall, is not easy to flow, and improves the viscosity to 60-80mPa.s, thereby effectively ensuring the utilization and spraying quality of the antifreeze.
Moreover, the antifreeze of the invention has very high cost performance when being used for railway transportation of granular goods in extremely cold and severe weather, and taking application of the antifreeze of the invention in certain places of Ordos as an example, the lowest temperature of the extreme end of the place is 30 ℃ below zero. Taking the amount of the coal transported for a period of time as an example, compared with spraying of the existing antifreeze, the antifreeze can reduce the spraying cost of coal per ton by about 40% and greatly save the cost of antifreeze.
The antifreeze for railway transportation disclosed by the invention adopts a mixture of various low-freezing-point inorganic salts as a main component of the antifreeze for railway transportation, so that the freezing point of the antifreeze for railway transportation can be obviously reduced, and the antifreeze effect of bulk granular cargo transportation at low temperature is improved. The antifreeze solution for railway transportation can be combined with moisture in bulk granular materials, and the freezing point of a combination can be still lower than-45 ℃. Meanwhile, the antifreeze for railway transportation also comprises a mixed solution of curable pregelatinized starch, magnesium aluminum silicate organic modified bentonite and antirust lubricating oil, and the viscosity of the antifreeze for railway transportation is proper, so that the antifreeze for railway transportation can ensure that a train wagon is not frozen with water-containing bulk materials in the open air, and the anti-sagging property of the antifreeze for railway transportation can be effectively improved without influencing the fluidity. An oily thin mud anti-freezing isolation layer with good dispersibility, strong stability, high wall fixing capability, no toxicity and no irritation is formed between the bulk granular materials and the train. Under the anti-freezing premise, the unloading device can effectively generate downward thrust during unloading, and the unloading speed is improved. The anti-freezing solution can solve the problem of freezing of water-containing materials of the bulk particulate matters in cold winter through one-time spraying, saves precious time for normal railway coal transportation, greatly improves the production efficiency, avoids the defects in the bulk particulate matter transportation technology, and is convenient to use and high in cost performance.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description.
Claims (8)
1. The antifreeze solution for railway transportation is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 25-33% of anhydrous calcium chloride, 3-6% of magnesium aluminum silicate organic modified bentonite, 3-5% of sodium nitrite, 1-3% of pregelatinized starch, 1-3% of antirust lubricating oil, 2-5% of corrosion inhibitor, 1-3% of sodium pyrophosphate, 0.05-0.10% of sodium hydroxide and the balance of water;
the aluminum magnesium silicate organic modified bentonite is aluminum magnesium silicate bentonite modified by dimethyl octadecyl benzyl ammonium chloride.
2. The antifreeze solution for railway transportation according to claim 1, wherein said antifreeze solution for railway transportation comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 28-31% of anhydrous calcium chloride, 3-5% of magnesium aluminum silicate organic modified bentonite, 4-5% of sodium nitrite, 1-3% of pregelatinized starch, 1-2% of antirust lubricating oil, 3-5% of corrosion inhibitor, 1-3% of sodium pyrophosphate, 0.05-0.10% of sodium hydroxide and the balance of water.
3. The antifreeze fluid for railway transportation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3-3.5% of sodium gluconate, 2-2.5% of mercaptobenzothiazole, 0.5-1.0% of water-soluble oleic acid imidazoline, 1-2% of ethanol, 1-1.5% of sodium hexametaphosphate and the balance of water.
4. The antifreeze solution for railway transportation according to claim 1, wherein said antifreeze solution for railway transportation comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 28% of anhydrous calcium chloride, 3% of organic modified bentonite of magnesium aluminum silicate, 5% of sodium nitrite, 1% of pregelatinized starch, 1% of antirust lubricating oil, 3% of anticorrosion inhibitor, 1% of sodium pyrophosphate, 0.05-0.10% of sodium hydroxide and the balance of water; the corrosion inhibitor comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3% of sodium gluconate, 2% of mercaptobenzothiazole, 0.5% of water-soluble oleic acid imidazoline, 1% of ethanol, 1% of sodium hexametaphosphate and the balance of water.
5. The antifreeze solution for railway transportation according to claim 1, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 30% of anhydrous calcium chloride, 4% of organic modified bentonite of magnesium aluminum silicate, 4.5% of sodium nitrite, 1.5% of antirust lubricating oil, 3% of anticorrosion inhibitor, 2% of sodium pyrophosphate, 2% of pregelatinized starch, 0.05-0.10% of sodium hydroxide and the balance of water; the corrosion inhibitor comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.2 percent of sodium gluconate, 2.2 percent of mercaptobenzothiazole, 0.7 percent of water-soluble oleic acid imidazoline, 1.5 percent of ethanol, 1.2 percent of sodium hexametaphosphate and the balance of water.
6. The method for preparing an antifreeze solution for railway transportation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) Mixing aluminum magnesium silicate organic modified bentonite, antirust lubricating oil, sodium pyrophosphate, pregelatinized starch and water, and performing high-speed shearing, dispersing and stirring to prepare pre-gel;
(2) Mixing the pre-gel obtained by stirring in the step (1), an anticorrosive inhibitor, anhydrous calcium chloride and sodium nitrite, and fully stirring;
(3) And (3) adding sodium hydroxide into the solution obtained in the step (2), mixing and stirring, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to 7-9.0 to obtain the finished product of the antifreezing solution for railway transportation.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the shear dispersing agitation is performed at a speed greater than 2000rpm.
8. Use of the antifreeze for railway transportation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, for transporting particulate goods in severe cold weather, wherein the temperature in severe cold weather is from-10 ℃ to-45 ℃.
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