CN111418441A - Method for preparing needle mushroom sticks from thunberg fritillary bulb traditional Chinese medicine residues and mutton sheep feed - Google Patents
Method for preparing needle mushroom sticks from thunberg fritillary bulb traditional Chinese medicine residues and mutton sheep feed Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing needle mushroom sticks from traditional Chinese medicine residues of thunberg fritillary bulb and a mutton sheep feed, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating traditional Chinese medicine residues of thunberg fritillary bulb: drying residue of Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii; (2) activating strains: inoculating the needle mushroom slant, and putting the needle mushroom slant into a liquid culture medium for shake culture; (3) bioconversion of flammulina velutipes: putting liquid strains in the liquid culture medium into the fritillaria thunbergii decoction dregs, and obtaining needle mushroom sticks after the bags are full; the mutton sheep feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-140 parts of cottonseed meal, 50-90 parts of bran, 5-12 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2-0.6 part of salt and 550 parts of flammulina velutipes fungus stick; the sheep feed disclosed by the invention is reasonable in formula, low in cost, comprehensive in nutritional ingredients and free of additives, and can be used for adjusting digestion and absorption of sheep, enhancing immunity, increasing the content of sheep protein, preventing diseases and effectively adjusting the digestion capacity and growth speed of sheep.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing a needle mushroom fungus stick from traditional Chinese medicine residues of thunberg fritillary bulb. The invention also relates to a mutton sheep feed containing the flammulina velutipes fungus sticks.
Background
The feed industry in China develops rapidly, but in recent years, the livestock feed industry develops more and more severely, and mainly comes from the following reasons:
1. raw material prices, especially energy feeds and protein feeds, vary in price and quality.
2. The feed industry is an industry for changing waste into valuable, but most people do not pay attention to the point, and the feed industry has two aspects: 1) the self resources of China are not fully utilized (such as: by-products of products such as grains, pharmaceuticals, etc.). 2) Relying too much on foreign resources.
3. The trade friction of China and America also has important influence on the livestock feed industry of China.
Sheep are mammals, ruminants. Rumination, commonly known as inverted chewing, refers to the process of feeding food to an animal, which after a period of time, returns the partially digested food from the stomach to the mouth for another chew. The mutton sheep are one of livestock which are most suitable for the external environment, and have the advantages of wide feeding range, coarse feeding resistance and strong stress resistance. The method for raising the mutton sheep has the advantages of less investment, quick turnover, stable benefit and high return rate. The sheep are animal food which is most closely related to the life of the ancient people, the sheep have deep historical sources along with the Chinese nation's culture development and influence the generation and development of Chinese characters, diet, morality, etiquette, aesthetics and other cultures.
Mutton is rich in nutrients, and is rich in high-quality protein 12.3% and fat 28.8%, which is half of pork. In addition, the nutrient contains mineral substances such as phosphorus and iron, vitamin B, vitamin A and the like. The whole body of sheep is treasure, and its fur can be made into various woollen fabrics and leather products. In the aspect of medical care, the sheep can play the unique role. Mutton, sheep blood, sheep bone, sheep liver, sheep milk, sheep gallbladder and the like can be used for treating various diseases and have higher medicinal value.
Traditional Chinese medicine is an important component of traditional medicine in China and is also one of the cultural magnifications of Chinese nations. Zhejiang fritillaria has a long history in traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacy, is widely applied and has quite good curative effect. The Ningbo is mainly produced in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hunan and other provinces at present, so that the Ningbo yield is the largest. The thunberg fritillary bulb is similar to modern traditional Chinese medicine pharmacological action research, and has the main effects of resisting ulcer, relieving pain, relieving cough, eliminating phlegm, improving lung function, resisting inflammation, resisting oxidation, proliferating cells, reversing drug resistance and the like. According to research, the Chinese medicine residue of thunberg fritillary contains effective components such as alkaloid, polysaccharide, total saponin and the like. With the wide application of thunberg fritillary bulb, the yield of the decoction dregs is increased year by year, but people neglect the utilization value of the decoction dregs, thus not only causing resource waste, but also causing environmental pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for preparing needle mushroom fungus sticks by utilizing traditional Chinese medicine residues in thunberg fritillary bulb, and the needle mushroom fungus sticks prepared by the method are used as raw materials of mutton sheep feed.
In order to solve the technical problem, the method for preparing the needle mushroom sticks from the thunberg fritillary bulb traditional Chinese medicine residues comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating traditional Chinese medicine residues of thunberg fritillary bulb: drying residue of Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii. The drying treatment is microwave drying, preferably microwave drying Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii residue at 6000W for 30 min. The pretreatment also comprises differential pressure puffing treatment after drying treatment.
The traditional Chinese medicine residues of the thunberg fritillary bulb are dried by a microwave drying technology, so that the pollution of putrefying bacteria can be effectively prevented; the crushed medicine dregs are treated by a differential pressure puffing technology, so that gaps are generated in the dried medicine dregs, and hypha growth and medicinal components are favorably separated out. The traditional Chinese medicine dregs are generally wet materials, are extremely easy to rot and smelly, are subjected to microwave drying (6000W, single-layer tiling and half an hour of treatment) in the treatment process, are short in time, can effectively control the pollution of putrefying bacteria, but in the drying process, the organizational structure of the dregs is changed, becomes compact and has hardened surfaces, which are not beneficial to the taking of flammulina velutipes hyphae, then the dried dregs are subjected to differential pressure puffing operation, after the dregs enter a puffing cavity, the materials are extruded, rubbed, sheared and the like between screw thread sleeves, the internal pressure of the materials is continuously increased, the maximum pressure is 4MPa, and the temperature is continuously increased, for example, the maximum temperature can reach 140 ℃. The rapid rise of temperature and pressure in a short time (such as 3-7s) causes the change of the tissue structure of the dregs of decoction, and the destruction of coarse fibers. The high-temperature and high-pressure materials are discharged from the discharge port, the pressure of the materials is suddenly released instantly, partial flash evaporation is carried out on moisture, the cooled medicine residues are in a loose and porous structure, needle mushroom hypha can enter the medicine residues along gaps to grow and fully transform the medicine residues, and after the medicine residues are puffed by pressure difference, the residual medicinal components are more easily separated out due to the change of the tissue structure.
(2) Activating strains: inoculating the needle mushroom slant, and placing into a liquid culture medium for shake culture. The strain of the needle mushroom is GIM5.182 needle mushroom (the GIM number of the Guangdong province microorganism strain preservation center is GIM5.182, and the strain name is the strain of the needle mushroom).
(3) Bioconversion of flammulina velutipes: putting liquid strains in the liquid culture medium into the fritillaria thunbergii dregs, bagging and culturing, and obtaining the flammulina velutipes fungus sticks after the bags are full. Specifically, the mass ratio of the liquid strain to the residue of the thunberg fritillary bulb is 3:7, and the needle mushroom sticks are obtained after the bags are filled for 30 days. The main components of the fritillaria thunbergii decoction dregs are cellulose, lignin, polysaccharide, protein and a large amount of nutrient elements, through material mixing type inoculation with a mass ratio of 30% of flammulina velutipes liquid strains, hypha can grow over a culture material in 2 days, the inoculation amount with a high proportion can inhibit the growth of mixed fungi, fructose after the polysaccharide is decomposed by edible fungi secreting enzyme can secrete cellulose degrading enzyme after being used up, the cellulose is degraded and converted into required nutrient substances, the hypha is propagated in a large amount, the content of crude protein in the culture material is measured from 5 days, until the fruiting is carried out in 25 days, the hypha is the most, the content of the crude protein is higher, the content of the crude protein in the culture material can reach 11.6%, the content of the crude protein in the feed is closer to 13.6%, and other nutrient components such as cotton seed meal and the like are added to prepare the sheep feed.
The mutton feed containing the flammulina velutipes fungus sticks obtained by the method comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-140 parts of cottonseed meal, 50-90 parts of bran, 5-12 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2-0.6 part of salt and 550 parts of flammulina velutipes fungus stick. Preferably, 100 parts of cottonseed meal, 50 parts of bran, 5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2 part of salt and 600 parts of needle mushroom sticks.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the sheep feed has the advantages of reasonable formula, low cost, comprehensive nutritional ingredients and no additive, and can be used for adjusting digestion and absorption of sheep, enhancing immunity, increasing the content of sheep protein and preventing diseases. The feed can effectively regulate the digestion capacity and the growth speed of the sheep, the growth speed of the fed sheep is 8-30% higher than that of the sheep fed by the conventional feed on average, and the disease rate of the fed sheep is reduced by 10-15%.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The mutton sheep feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 140 parts of cottonseed meal, 90 parts of bran, 12 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.6 part of salt and 700 parts of fungus sticks. The fungus stick is obtained by the following method:
(1) pretreating traditional Chinese medicine residues of thunberg fritillary bulb: drying Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii residue with 6000W microwave for 30min, and puffing the dried residue under pressure difference: after the dregs of a decoction enter the puffing cavity, the materials are extruded, rubbed, sheared and the like between screw sleeves, the internal pressure of the materials is continuously increased to 4Mpa at most, and the temperature is continuously increased to 140 ℃ at most. The temperature and pressure rise rapidly within 3-7s, the texture of the dregs of decoction changes, and the crude fiber is destroyed. The high-temperature and high-pressure materials are discharged from the discharge hole, the pressure of the materials is suddenly released instantly, partial water is subjected to flash evaporation, and the cooled medicine residues are in a loose and porous structure.
(2) Activating strains: inoculating the needle mushroom slant, and placing into a liquid culture medium for shake culture. The strain of Flammulina velutipes (golden mushroom) is GIM5.182 (the number of GIM of Guangdong province culture Collection is GIM5.182, and the name of the strain is Flammulina velutipes).
(3) Bioconversion of flammulina velutipes: putting liquid strains in a liquid culture medium into the fritillaria thunbergii decoction dregs, wherein the mass ratio of the liquid strains to the decoction dregs is 3:7, bagging and culturing, and compounding the feed after the bag is filled for 30 days.
Example 2
Same as in example 1, with the difference: 100 parts of cottonseed meal, 50 parts of bran, 5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2 part of salt and 600 parts of mushroom sticks.
Example 3
Same as in example 1, with the difference: 110 parts of cottonseed meal, 60 parts of bran, 6 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part of salt and 550 parts of mushroom sticks.
Example 4
Same as in example 1, with the difference: 120 parts of cottonseed meal, 70 parts of bran, 8 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.4 part of salt and 650 parts of mushroom sticks.
Example 5
Same as in example 1, with the difference: 130 parts of cottonseed meal, 80 parts of bran, 10 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5 part of salt and 700 parts of fungus sticks.
Comparative example 1
The mutton sheep feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 140 parts of cottonseed meal, 90 parts of bran, 12 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.6 part of salt and 130 parts of corn.
Comparative example 2
The mutton sheep feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of cottonseed meal, 50 parts of bran, 5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2 part of salt and 90 parts of corn.
Comparative example 3
The mutton sheep feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 140 parts of cottonseed meal, 90 parts of bran, 12 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.6 part of salt and 700 parts of fungus sticks. The fungus stick is obtained by the following method:
(1) pretreating traditional Chinese medicine residues of thunberg fritillary bulb: the method comprises the following steps of drying the medicine residue for 30min at 6000W by microwave, and then carrying out differential pressure puffing operation on the dried medicine residue: after the dregs of a decoction enter the puffing cavity, the materials are extruded, rubbed, sheared and the like between screw sleeves, the internal pressure of the materials is continuously increased to 4Mpa at most, and the temperature is continuously increased to 140 ℃ at most. The temperature and pressure rise rapidly within 3-7s, the texture of the dregs of decoction changes, and the crude fiber is destroyed. The high-temperature and high-pressure materials are discharged from the discharge hole, the pressure of the materials is suddenly released instantly, partial water is subjected to flash evaporation, and the cooled medicine residues are in a loose and porous structure.
(2) Activating strains: inoculating the needle mushroom slant, and placing into a liquid culture medium for shake culture. The strain of Flammulina velutipes (golden mushroom) is GIM5.182 (the number of GIM of Guangdong province culture Collection is GIM5.182, and the name of the strain is Flammulina velutipes).
(3) Bioconversion of flammulina velutipes: putting liquid strains in a liquid culture medium into the fritillaria thunbergii decoction dregs, wherein the mass ratio of the liquid strains to the decoction dregs is 3:7, bagging and culturing, and compounding the feed after the bag is filled for 10 days.
Comparative example 4
The mutton sheep feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 140 parts of cottonseed meal, 90 parts of bran, 12 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.6 part of salt and 700 parts of fungus sticks. The fungus stick is obtained by the following method:
(1) pretreating traditional Chinese medicine residues of thunberg fritillary bulb: specifically, the medicine residue is dried for 30min under 6000W microwave, and then the dried medicine residue is subjected to differential pressure puffing operation: after the dregs of a decoction enter the puffing cavity, the materials are extruded, rubbed, sheared and the like between screw sleeves, the internal pressure of the materials is continuously increased to 4Mpa at most, and the temperature is continuously increased to 140 ℃ at most. The temperature and pressure rise rapidly within 3-7s, the texture of the dregs of decoction changes, and the crude fiber is destroyed. The high-temperature and high-pressure materials are discharged from the discharge hole, the pressure of the materials is suddenly released instantly, partial water is subjected to flash evaporation, and the cooled medicine residues are in a loose and porous structure.
(2) Activating strains: inoculating the needle mushroom slant, and placing into a liquid culture medium for shake culture. The strain of Flammulina velutipes (golden mushroom) is GIM5.182 (the number of GIM of Guangdong province culture Collection is GIM5.182, and the name of the strain is Flammulina velutipes).
(3) Bioconversion of flammulina velutipes: putting liquid strains in a liquid culture medium into the fritillaria thunbergii decoction dregs, wherein the mass ratio of the liquid strains to the decoction dregs is 3:7, bagging and culturing, and compounding the feed after the bag is filled for 20 days.
Comparative example 5
Same as in example 1, with the difference: only adopts hot air drying and has no pressure difference for puffing treatment.
In the above examples and comparative examples, the nutrient components of the obtained feeds are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 nutrient content comparison table
| Crude protein (%) | Calcium (%) | Phosphorus (%) | |
| Example 1 | 11.4 | 0.43 | 0.20 |
| Example 2 | 12.5 | 0.47 | 0.19 |
| Example 3 | 11.8 | 0.46 | 0.20 |
| Example 4 | 11.5 | 0.37 | 0.09 |
| Example 5 | 10.3 | 0.38 | 0.10 |
| Comparative example 1 | 5.6 | 0.29 | 0.12 |
| Comparative example 2 | 7.0 | 0.25 | 0.14 |
| Comparative example 3 | 7.9 | 0.40 | 0.19 |
| Comparative example 4 | 9.3 | 0.39 | 0.20 |
| Comparative example 5 | 8.5 | 0.36 | 0.18 |
As can be seen from the above Table 1, the ratio of crude protein was significantly higher in examples 1 to 5 than in comparative examples 1 and 2, indicating that the feed of the present invention is superior to the conventional feed. The proportion of crude protein in examples 1-5 was also significantly higher than in comparative examples 3, 4, indicating that the formulation of the feed was optimal 30 days after filling the bag. The ratio of crude protein in examples 1-5 was also significantly higher than that in comparative example 5, indicating that the differential pressure puffing technique was favorable for hyphal growth and the precipitation of medicinal components.
The sheep were fed with the feed prepared according to the formulas of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 2 for three months, and then the difference in growth and disease (feeding for 120 days) was observed between the sheep fed with the different sheep feeds.
TABLE 2 statistical Table of growth rates
As can be seen from table 2 above: the growth rate of the feed-fed sheep in examples 1-5 was 8-30% higher than that of the feed-fed sheep in comparative examples 1-2.
Meanwhile, statistics show that the disease rate of the sheep fed with the feed in examples 1-5 is 10-15% lower than that of the sheep fed with the feed in comparative examples 1-2.
The above embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by means of equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The method for preparing the flammulina velutipes mushroom sticks from the traditional Chinese medicine residues of the thunberg fritillary bulb is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreating traditional Chinese medicine residues of thunberg fritillary bulb: drying residue of Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii;
(2) activating strains: inoculating the needle mushroom slant, and putting the needle mushroom slant into a liquid culture medium for shake culture;
(3) bioconversion of flammulina velutipes: putting liquid strains in the liquid culture medium into the fritillaria thunbergii dregs, bagging and culturing, and obtaining the flammulina velutipes fungus sticks after the bags are full.
2. The method for preparing needle mushroom sticks from thunberg fritillary bulb traditional Chinese medicine residues according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (1), the drying treatment is microwave drying.
3. The method for preparing needle mushroom sticks from thunberg fritillary bulb traditional Chinese medicine residues according to claim 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: microwave drying Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii residue at 6000W for 30 min.
4. The method for preparing needle mushroom sticks from thunberg fritillary bulb traditional Chinese medicine residues according to claim 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the pretreatment also comprises differential pressure puffing treatment after drying treatment.
5. The method for preparing needle mushroom sticks from thunberg fritillary bulb traditional Chinese medicine residues according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (3), the mass ratio of the liquid strains to the fritillaria thunbergii dregs is 3:7, and the flammulina velutipes fungus sticks are obtained after the bags are filled for 30 days.
6. Mutton sheep feed containing flammulina velutipes mushroom sticks obtained by the method for preparing the flammulina velutipes mushroom sticks from the thunberg fritillary bulb traditional Chinese medicine residues of any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 100-140 parts of cottonseed meal, 50-90 parts of bran, 5-12 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2-0.6 part of salt and 550 parts of flammulina velutipes fungus stick.
7. The mutton sheep feed as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of cottonseed meal, 50 parts of bran, 5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2 part of salt and 600 parts of needle mushroom sticks.
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