CN111413747A - Prediction method for low mountain landform hidden collapse - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a prediction method of low mountain feature area hidden collapse, which comprises S1, determining a target area by collecting and analyzing geological data; s2, respectively exploring the target area by adopting a high-density electrical method and a seismic mapping method, and respectively obtaining a high-density electrical method exploration result and a seismic mapping method exploration result; s3, integrating exploration results of a high-density electrical method and a seismic mapping method, and meanwhile, deducing hidden collapse areas and non-hidden collapse areas in the target area by combining geological data to realize prediction of hidden collapse. The method adopts a high-density electrical method to preliminarily divide the hidden karst, simultaneously adopts a seismic mapping method to survey out a superficial loose soil layer area, and integrates two methods and combines geological data to define the hidden collapse area, so that the hidden collapse can be predicted, and an important reference effect can be played in early warning work.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster prevention and control, in particular to a prediction method for low mountain appearance area hidden collapse.
Background
Many analysis researches are carried out domestically on the problem of karst collapse, a simulation test is carried out on the basis of the mechanism of the karst collapse, the damage form of the karst collapse is analyzed from the aspects of mechanical property and space structure, a geophysical prospecting or monitoring method is adopted for finding out an invisible collapse area, the method for searching the invisible karst by using a geophysical prospecting method is the most common method at the present stage, and most of the methods are combined survey modes, so that the ambiguity is eliminated, and the data interpretation is more reasonable.
However, for geological features of low mountain landform areas, through geological survey and analysis, collapse of a superficial surface mostly occurs in a vertical karst fracture, the fractures are generally small, accurate detection is difficult in places with deep burial depths by using an existing geophysical prospecting method, and great potential safety hazards exist.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for predicting the hidden collapse of a low mountain landform area, which adopts a high-density electrical method to preliminarily divide the hidden karst, simultaneously adopts a seismic mapping method to survey a superficial loose soil layer area, and defines the hidden collapse area by combining two methods and geological data, thereby not only predicting the hidden collapse, but also playing an important reference role in early warning work.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a method for predicting low mountain feature region occult collapse comprises the following steps:
s1, determining a target area by collecting and analyzing geological data;
s2, respectively exploring the target area by adopting a high-density electrical method and a seismic mapping method, and respectively obtaining a high-density electrical method exploration result and a seismic mapping method exploration result;
s3, integrating exploration results of a high-density electrical method and a seismic mapping method, and meanwhile, deducing hidden collapse areas and non-hidden collapse areas in the target area by combining geological data to realize prediction of hidden collapse.
By adopting the technical scheme, the hidden karst in the target area is preliminarily divided by adopting a high-density electrical method, meanwhile, the shallow loose soil layer area in the target area is surveyed by adopting a seismic mapping method, the hidden collapse area and the non-hidden collapse area in the target area are deduced by integrating the exploration results of the two methods and combining geological data, the hidden collapse is predicted, and the important reference function can be played in the early warning work.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured that the step S1 includes the steps of:
s11, carrying out geological survey, and deducing the development condition of the karst according to geological data;
s12, determining an area which is easy to develop into a shallow karst cave or a soil cave as a target area according to the development condition of the karst, wherein the exploration depth of the target area is within 20 m.
By adopting the technical scheme, geological data analysis is formed through geological survey, the target area is convenient to determine, the development of a high-density electrical method and a seismic mapping method is facilitated, data support can be provided for deducing hidden collapse areas and non-hidden collapse areas in the target area, and the accuracy of a prediction result is improved.
The present invention in a preferred example can be further configured such that the target area is surveyed by high density electrical method in step S2, comprising the steps of:
s211, designing a forward model according to the karst collapse model;
s212, data acquisition, namely arranging a measuring line of a target area according to the karst collapse distribution condition;
s213, carrying out inversion test on the forward model through the Wener device and the dipole device according to the acquired data;
s214, dividing the rock-soil interface according to the inversion test result diagram to obtain a high-density electrical prospecting result.
By adopting the technical scheme, the target area is explored by a high-density electrical method, the division of a rock-soil interface can be clear, and the trend of funnel-shaped can be reflected no matter whether karst fractures exist, so that the range of searching a hidden collapse area can be further reduced. .
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: in step S211, the background resistivity of the forward model is set to 60 Ω · m, the formation resistivity is set to 500 Ω · m, the width of each grid represents 1m, the opening of the funnel is designed to be 10m, the number of the openings decreases according to 2m of each layer, and the last layer is 2 m.
By adopting the technical scheme, the forward model conforming to the geological condition is established, so that the accuracy of prediction is improved.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the dot pitch of the survey line layout in step S212 is 2 m.
By adopting the technical scheme, the rationality of the arrangement of the measuring lines is improved, so that a better surveying effect is achieved, and the accuracy of data is further improved.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured such that the target area is surveyed using seismic mapping in step S2, including the steps of:
s221, selecting an offset distance;
s222, data acquisition, namely arranging a measuring line of a target area according to the karst collapse distribution condition;
and S223, processing the acquired data by using a computer to obtain a seismic mapping method profile, namely a seismic mapping method exploration result.
By adopting the technical scheme, the target area is explored by the seismic mapping method, the superficial loose soil layer area can be surveyed, and an important basis is provided for predicting the hidden collapse.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: in step S222, the dot pitch and the track pitch of the survey line layout are both 2m, and the offset distances are 2m, 4m, and 6 m.
By adopting the technical scheme, the rationality of the arrangement of the measuring lines is improved so as to achieve a better surveying effect, and moreover, as the target area is a mountainous area, the offset distance is not too large, the construction is convenient by adopting a small offset distance, and the effect on a shallow loose soil layer is better.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: in step S222, the data-collected effective wave is a reflected wave, and the calculation formula of the reflected wave is:
and deriving the relation among the buried depth, the travel time, the offset distance and the wave velocity according to a reflected wave calculation formula as follows:
by adopting the technical scheme, the reasonability and the accuracy of data acquisition are ensured, and the accuracy of prediction is improved.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the inference of occult and non-occult collapse zones in the target volume in step S3 includes the steps of:
s31, selecting a mileage section in the target area;
s32, integrating exploration results of a high-density electrical method and a seismic mapping method, and simultaneously combining geological data to analyze and deduce the mileage section selected in S31:
if the mileage section has obvious or near funnel shape in the exploration result of the high-density electrical method, and simultaneously the mileage section has reflected wave homophase axis dislocation section, obviously increased amplitude and slow waveform attenuation in the exploration result of the seismic mapping method with different offset distances, the mileage section is concluded to be a hidden collapse area;
if the mileage section has obvious or near funnel shape in the exploration result of the high-density electrical method, and meanwhile, the mileage section has reflected wave event axis continuity and amplitude abnormality in the exploration result of the seismic mapping method with different offset distances, the mileage section is concluded to be a non-hidden collapse area;
if the reflected wave event of the mileage section is continuous, the amplitude is obviously increased and the waveform is slowly attenuated in the exploration results of different offset seismic mapping methods, but the mileage section does not obviously react in the exploration results of the high-density electrical method, the mileage section is concluded to be a non-blind collapse area.
By adopting the technical scheme, the hidden collapse area is defined by integrating two methods, and the accuracy of hidden collapse prediction is ensured by combining geological data analysis.
In summary, the invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the hidden karst in the target area is preliminarily divided by adopting a high-density electrical method, meanwhile, a shallow loose soil layer area in the target area is surveyed by adopting a seismic mapping method, and hidden collapse areas and non-hidden collapse areas in the target area are deduced by integrating exploration results of the two methods and combining geological data, so that the hidden collapse is predicted, and an important reference function can be played in early warning work;
2. through geological survey, geological data analysis is formed, a target area is convenient to determine, development of a high-density electrical method and a seismic mapping method is facilitated, data support can be provided for deducing hidden collapse areas and non-hidden collapse areas in the target area, and accuracy of a prediction result is improved;
3. the whole measuring line is reasonable in arrangement, data acquisition is sufficient and reliable, and the accuracy of surveying is guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a center sill valley karst system in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a wire layout in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a high density electrical forward model in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of inversion results of a high-density electrical method model Wener apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of inversion results of a high-density electrical model dipole device in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of inversion results of the Wh3 linear high-density electrical method Wener apparatus in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of inversion results of Wh3 linear high-density electrical dipole device in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a Wh3 line seismic map in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram of inversion results of the Wh6 linear high-density electrical method Wener apparatus in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a diagram of inversion results of Wh6 linear high-density electrical dipole device in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a Wh6 line seismic mapping cross-section in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 13 is a diagram of inversion results of the Ws6 linear high-density electrical method Wener apparatus in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a diagram of inversion results of a Ws6 linear high-density electrical dipole device in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a sectional view of a Ws6 line seismic map in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention discloses a method for predicting low mountain feature region hidden collapse, which comprises the following steps:
s1, determining a target area by collecting and analyzing geological data. Specifically, step S1 includes the following steps:
s11, carrying out geological survey, and deducing the development condition of the karst according to geological data;
s12, determining an area which is easy to develop into a shallow karst cave or a soil cave as a target area according to the development condition of the karst, wherein the exploration depth of the target area is within 20 m. Through geological survey, geological data analysis is formed, a target area is convenient to determine, development of a high-density electrical method and a seismic mapping method is facilitated, data support can be provided for deducing hidden collapse areas and non-hidden collapse areas in the target area, and accuracy of prediction results is improved.
S2, respectively exploring the target area by adopting a high-density electrical method and a seismic mapping method, and respectively obtaining a high-density electrical method exploration result and a seismic mapping method exploration result. Specifically, in step S2, the method for exploring the target area by using high-density electrical method includes the following steps:
s211, designing a forward model according to the karst collapse model; specifically, in step S211, the background resistivity of the forward model is set to 60 Ω · m, the formation resistivity is set to 500 Ω · m, each grid width represents 1m, the funnel opening is designed to be 10m, the number decreases according to 2m of each layer, and the last layer is 2 m.
S212, data acquisition, namely arranging a measuring line of a target area according to the karst collapse distribution condition; specifically, the point distance of the survey line layout in step S212 is 2m, and the rationality of the survey line layout is improved, so that a better survey effect is achieved, and the accuracy of data is further improved.
S213, carrying out inversion test on the forward model through the Wener device and the dipole device according to the acquired data;
s214, dividing the rock-soil interface according to the inversion test result diagram to obtain a high-density electrical prospecting result. The method realizes the exploration of the target area by the high-density electrical method, can clearly divide the rock-soil interface, and can reflect the trend of funnel-shaped shape no matter whether karst fractures exist, so that the range of searching the hidden collapse area can be further reduced.
Specifically, in step S2, the target area is surveyed by using seismic mapping, which includes the following steps:
s221, selecting an offset distance.
And S222, data acquisition, namely arranging a measuring line of the target area according to the karst collapse distribution condition. Specifically, in step S222, the point distance and the track distance of the survey line layout are both 2m, and the offset distances are 2m, 4m and 6m, so that the rationality of survey line layout is improved, a better surveying effect is achieved, and the offset distance is not too large because the target area is a mountainous area, so that the construction is facilitated by adopting a small offset distance, and the effect on a shallow loose soil layer is better. Specifically, the effective wave of data acquisition is the reflected wave, and the computational formula of the reflected wave is:
where T is travel time, Z is buried depth, L is offset distance, and V is wave velocityThe wave calculation formula deduces the relationship between the buried depth and the travel time, the offset distance and the wave velocity as follows:
the reasonability and the accuracy of data acquisition are ensured, and the accuracy of prediction is improved.
And S223, processing the acquired data by using a computer to obtain a seismic mapping method profile, namely a seismic mapping method exploration result, so that the seismic mapping method is used for exploring the target area, the shallow loose soil layer area can be surveyed, and an important basis is provided for predicting the hidden collapse.
S3, integrating exploration results of a high-density electrical method and a seismic mapping method, and meanwhile, deducing hidden collapse areas and non-hidden collapse areas in the target area by combining geological data to realize prediction of hidden collapse. Specifically, the inference of the hidden and non-hidden collapsed regions in the target region in step S3 includes the following steps:
s31, selecting a mileage section in the target area.
S32, integrating exploration results of a high-density electrical method and a seismic mapping method, and simultaneously combining geological data to analyze and deduce the mileage section selected in the step S31:
if the mileage section has obvious or near funnel shape in the exploration result of the high-density electrical method, and simultaneously the mileage section has reflected wave homophase axis dislocation section, obviously increased amplitude and slow waveform attenuation in the exploration result of the seismic mapping method with different offset distances, the mileage section is concluded to be a hidden collapse area;
if the mileage section has obvious or near funnel shape in the exploration result of the high-density electrical method, and meanwhile, the mileage section has reflected wave event axis continuity and amplitude abnormality in the exploration result of the seismic mapping method with different offset distances, the mileage section is concluded to be a non-hidden collapse area;
if the reflected wave event of the mileage section is continuous, the amplitude is obviously increased and the waveform is slowly attenuated in the exploration results of different offset seismic mapping methods, but the mileage section does not obviously react in the exploration results of the high-density electrical method, the mileage section is concluded to be a non-blind collapse area. The two methods are integrated to define the hidden collapse area, and geological data analysis is combined to ensure the accuracy of hidden collapse prediction.
Examples
Taking a middle beam mountain in Chongqing city as an example, referring to fig. 2, a target area is located at the edge of a karst trough valley at the east side of the middle beam mountain, the landform is the joint part of the trough valley and a gentle slope, the gentle slope at the east side slopes in 295 degrees, the slope angle is 5-15 degrees, the distribution elevations are 503-526 m, the highest point is located above the slope at the east side, the elevation is 526m, and the lowest point is located in the trough valley at the east side and is 503 m.
The stratum exposed in the target area is three sections (T) of Jialing Jiangjiang group1j2) Four sections (T)1j4) The upper part is covered with the fourth series of artificial filling (Q)4 ml) And a sloping layer (Q)4 el+dl) As shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 target zone stratigraphic Profile
The characteristics of each rock-soil layer are as follows:
(1) artificial filling (Q)4 el+dl)：
Plain filling: brown yellow, dark gray, slightly wet, the main material composition is powdery clay, limestone broken stone, etc. The broken stone is angular, the diameter of the broken stone is 1-20.0 cm, the maximum diameter of the broken stone is about 50cm, the broken stone is mainly made of powdery clay, the structure is compact, the ratio of soil to stone is about 7: 3-3: 7, the content difference of the broken stone is large, and the local part contains impurity filling soil. The thickness is 0.37-3.43m, the filling time is more than 5 years, and the filling material is mainly distributed at the positions of houses and roads.
(2) Residual slope layer (Q)4 el+dl)：
Powdery clay: brown yellow, plasticity to hard plasticity, moderate dry strength and toughness, no shake reaction, and the thickness of the drilling exposure is 2.3-10.72 m. Is widely distributed in the working area.
(3) Jialing Jiangjiang group three segments (T)1j3)：
Grey, yellow-grey medium-thickness lamellar microcrystalline limestone, partially included argillaceous dolomitic limestone, bioclastic limestone and argillaceous dolomitic marlite. Is widely distributed in the working area.
Through geological survey, the karst development in the area is preliminarily deduced to be mainly controlled by the trend and the tectonic fracture of the rock stratum, the whole karst is relatively developed, the upper part is mainly vertical karst, the connectivity with the lower horizontal karst is relatively good, shallow karst caves or soil caves are very easily developed in the area, the development condition of the collapse position and the hidden collapse area are urgently needed to be surveyed, and the survey depth is within 20 m.
Referring to fig. 3, 8 transverse lines 8 longitudinal lines and 16 measuring lines (see fig. 7 in detail) are arranged according to the collapse distribution, and the length of the measuring lines is 110m, wherein the 8 transverse lines are parallel to the trend of the rock stratum and are numbered as Ws 1-Ws 8; the other 8 vertical measuring lines are vertical to the trend of the rock strata and are numbered as Wh 1-Wh 8, and the distance between every two measuring lines is 10 meters. The survey directions are from top to bottom and from left to right, respectively carrying out high-density electrical methods and seismic mapping methods. In order to achieve a better surveying effect, the high-density electrical method finally adopts a 2m point distance arrangement mode and adopts two device coefficients of a sodium thermometer and a dipole. The earthquake mapping method is not suitable for overlarge offset distance in mountainous areas, and the small offset distance is adopted, so that the construction is convenient, and the effect on shallow loose soil layers is better. During collection, the dot pitch and the track pitch are both 2m, and the offset pitch works by adopting 2m, 4m and 6 m.
Referring to fig. 4, a forward model is designed according to the karst model, in the forward model, the set value of background resistivity is 60 Ω · m, the set value of formation resistivity is 500 Ω · m, the width of each grid represents 1m, the opening of the funnel is designed to be 10m, the number of the funnel decreases according to 2m of each layer, and the last layer is 2 m. Referring to fig. 5 and 6, inversion tests are performed on the forward model through the wenner device and the dipole device, and according to test results, the division of the geotechnical interface is achieved.
In total 16 survey lines were laid out, and finally 12 were completed, in which lines No. 4 and 5 of the horizontal and vertical lines failed to survey due to crossing of the house. According to the data acquisition situation, Wh3 of the horizontal line, Wh6 line and Ws6 line of the vertical line are determined to be analyzed.
Referring to fig. 7 and 8, an obvious funnel shape appears at the position of 40-46m of mileage, the position is an original collapse area by combining geological data analysis, backfilling is carried out by using the rock soil, and no new collapse sign is found during field data acquisition; referring to fig. 9, in combination with the seismic mapping section, the reflection wave in the range sections of 2m, 4m and 6m has continuous in-phase axes and no difference in amplitude, and the original collapse area at the position is comprehensively inferred to have no possibility of collapse; at the mileage of 52-68m, the two high-density electrical methods are similar to funnel shapes, the dipole device has more obvious inversion graph forms, 3 seismic mapping sections with different offset distances are combined, the amplitude of a reflection wave in the mileage section is obviously increased in the same-phase axis staggered section, the waveform attenuation is slow, and the soil layer at the mileage section is comprehensively deduced to be looser and is a hidden collapse area.
Referring to fig. 12, the top 20m of the survey line is a building and a road, and the electrode cannot be grounded, so that the survey cannot be conducted, starting at a distance of 22m and passing through the subsidence area at a distance of 62 m. Referring to fig. 10 and fig. 11, the two high-density electrical method sections clearly reflect a rock-soil interface, a funnel shape is obviously formed between the mileage of 52 m and 82m, the mileage of 62m to 63m is the lowest fluctuation point of a rock stratum, the position of a karst pipeline is presumed, 3 seismic mapping sections with different offset distances are combined, the amplitude of a reflection wave at the mileage of 62m to 72m is obviously increased at the event-axis staggered section, the waveform attenuation is slow, the soil layer at the place is comprehensively deduced to be looser, and the mileage of 62m to 72m is an invisible collapse area; in the high-density section diagram, the mileage 72-82m also has an approximate funnel-shaped area, and the mileage section is combined with the seismic mapping section, the event axes of reflected waves are continuous in the mileage section, no difference occurs in amplitude, and the mileage section is comprehensively inferred to be a non-hidden collapse area; in 3 earthquake mapping sections, at the mileage of 0-50m, the waveform is disordered, the reflected wave is in the same phase and is disordered, and by combining site survey analysis, the section is exposed from bedrock and has undulating terrain, and the section is comprehensively analyzed to be false abnormal; in the 4m and 6m offset seismic mapping sections, at the positions of the mileages of 84-88m and 98-102m, the reflection wave homophase axes are continuous, the amplitude is obviously increased, the wave form attenuation is slow, but the reaction is not obvious in the high-density electrical method section, and the soil layer at the section is presumed to be loose and is a non-blind collapse area through comprehensive geological data analysis.
Referring to fig. 15, the mileage of the measuring line is 40m and 70m respectively intersected with the mileage 70m of the Wh3 line and the mileage 70m of the Wh6 line, and the data consistency is better by combining the two intersection conditions. Referring to fig. 13 and 14, the section rock stratum of the Wener device coefficient is relatively flat, the hidden collapse area is not disclosed, the section of the dipole device coefficient is funnel-shaped at a mileage of 54-66m, and in combination with 3 seismic mapping section diagrams, at a mileage of 48-64m, although the reflection wave is continuous in the same phase axis, the amplitude is obviously increased, the waveform attenuation is slow, and comprehensive analysis conjectures that at the mileage of 48-64m, the soil layer is relatively loose and is the hidden collapse area; in 3 earthquake mapping sections, at the mileage position of 0-40m, the waveform is disordered, the reflected wave is in the same phase and is disordered, and by combining site survey analysis, the position is exposed from bedrock, the terrain is fluctuated, and the section is comprehensively analyzed to be false abnormal; in the 4m and 6m offset seismic mapping sections, the mileage is 80-102m, the reflection wave phase axis is continuous, the amplitude is obviously increased, the waveform attenuation is slow, but the reaction is not obvious in the high-density electrical method section, and comprehensive drilling data analysis shows that the soil layer of the section is presumed to be loose and is a non-buried collapse area.
Authentication
In order to verify geophysical prospecting data and find out the soil thickness around the house and the hidden collapse area, 10 drill holes (ZK 1-ZK 10) are arranged around the house in the work, and according to the drilling data and the geophysical prospecting data around the house, although the collapse area and the cavity are not disclosed by the drill holes, local soil body structures of holes ZK1, ZK4, ZK5, ZK8 and ZK9 are looser and consistent with geophysical prospecting interpretation.
The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for predicting low mountain feature region occult collapse is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining a target area by collecting and analyzing geological data;
s2, respectively exploring the target area by adopting a high-density electrical method and a seismic mapping method, and respectively obtaining a high-density electrical method exploration result and a seismic mapping method exploration result;
s3, integrating exploration results of a high-density electrical method and a seismic mapping method, and meanwhile, deducing hidden collapse areas and non-hidden collapse areas in the target area by combining geological data to realize prediction of hidden collapse.
2. The method for predicting the low mountain relief collapse according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 comprises the following steps:
s11, carrying out geological survey, and deducing the development condition of the karst according to geological data;
s12, determining an area which is easy to develop into a shallow karst cave or a soil cave as a target area according to the development condition of the karst, wherein the exploration depth of the target area is within 20 m.
3. The method for predicting the hidden collapse of low mountain feature areas according to claim 2, wherein the step S2 of exploring the target area by using a high-density electrical method comprises the following steps:
s211, designing a forward model according to the karst collapse model;
s212, data acquisition, namely arranging a measuring line of a target area according to the karst collapse distribution condition;
s213, carrying out inversion test on the forward model through the Wener device and the dipole device according to the acquired data;
s214, dividing the rock-soil interface according to the inversion test result diagram to obtain a high-density electrical prospecting result.
4. The method for predicting low hilly feature area smoldering of claim 3, wherein: in step S211, the background resistivity of the forward model is set to 60 Ω · m, the formation resistivity is set to 500 Ω · m, the width of each grid represents 1m, the funnel opening is designed to be 10m, the number decreases according to 2m of each layer, and the last layer is 2 m.
5. The method for predicting low hilly feature area smoldering of claim 3, wherein: the dot pitch of the survey line layout in step S212 is 2 m.
6. The method for predicting the hidden collapse of low mountain feature areas as claimed in claim 3, wherein the step S2 of exploring the target area by seismic mapping comprises the following steps:
s221, selecting an offset distance;
s222, data acquisition, namely arranging a measuring line of a target area according to the karst collapse distribution condition;
and S223, processing the acquired data by using a computer to obtain a seismic mapping method profile, namely a seismic mapping method exploration result.
7. The method for predicting the collapse of the low mountain landform area according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S222, the dot pitch and the track pitch of the survey line layout are both 2m, and the offset distances are 2m, 4m, and 6 m.
8. The method for predicting low hilly feature area smoldering of claim 7, wherein: in step S222, the data-collected effective wave is a reflected wave, and the calculation formula of the reflected wave is:
and deducing the relation among the buried depth, the travel time, the offset distance and the wave velocity according to a reflected wave calculation formula as follows:
。
9. the method for predicting the hidden collapse of low mountain relief areas according to claim 6, wherein the step S3 of deducing hidden collapse areas and non-hidden collapse areas in the target area comprises the following steps:
s31, selecting a mileage section in the target area;
s32, integrating exploration results of a high-density electrical method and a seismic mapping method, and simultaneously combining geological data to analyze and deduce the mileage section selected in S31:
if the mileage section has obvious or near funnel shape in the exploration result of the high-density electrical method, and simultaneously the mileage section has reflected wave homophase axis dislocation section, obviously increased amplitude and slow waveform attenuation in the exploration result of the seismic mapping method with different offset distances, the mileage section is concluded to be a hidden collapse area;
if the mileage section has obvious or near funnel shape in the exploration result of the high-density electrical method, and meanwhile, the mileage section has reflected wave event axis continuity and amplitude abnormality in the exploration result of the seismic mapping method with different offset distances, the mileage section is concluded to be a non-hidden collapse area;
if the reflected wave event of the mileage section is continuous, the amplitude is obviously increased and the waveform is slowly attenuated in the exploration results of different offset seismic mapping methods, but the mileage section does not obviously react in the exploration results of the high-density electrical method, the mileage section is concluded to be a non-blind collapse area.
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