CN113552652B - Comprehensive investigation method for hidden leakage channel of ionic rare earth ore - Google Patents
Comprehensive investigation method for hidden leakage channel of ionic rare earth ore Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V11/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups G01V1/00 - G01V9/00
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive investigation method of an ion type rare earth mine hidden leakage channel, which comprises the following steps in sequence aiming at the current situation that the ion type rare earth mine hidden leakage channel widely exists: geophysical exploration interpretation, geophysical exploration characteristic region geological drilling, drilling rock-soil testing and hydrogeology testing, geophysical constraint inversion, geological model and groundwater seepage model, in-situ leaching exploitation simulation and hidden seepage channel delineating, and finally, hidden seepage channels in the mining area exploitation range can be accurately delineated, and the migration and diffusion process of the leaching liquid from the hidden seepage channels is intuitively displayed through a three-dimensional model. The method effectively reduces the workload of mechanical drilling, improves the working efficiency, and has little damage to geological environment of mining areas; basic data support is provided for the design and construction of pollution prevention and control facilities in the ion type rare earth ore in-situ leaching exploitation process, and the construction of ecological green and sustainable mines is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ion type rare earth in-situ leaching exploitation, and particularly relates to a comprehensive investigation method of a hidden seepage channel before ion type rare earth ore in-situ leaching exploitation.
Background
The ionic rare earth is discovered and named for the first time in 1969 in China, is a rare earth ore deposit mainly containing heavy rare earth elements, and is an important component of global rare earth resources. Is widely distributed in south China of China, wherein rare earth ions are adsorbed on clay minerals such as kaolin, montmorillonite, illite and the like in an ionic form, and can be leached out by electrolytes such as sodium chloride, ammonium sulfate, magnesium sulfate and the like.
At present, ionic rare earth is mainly extracted by an in-situ leaching process, namely a mining method for selectively leaching rare earth ions from clay minerals to generate soluble compounds and collecting the soluble compounds by injecting electrolyte solution into a rare earth ore layer through a liquid injection hole. The process does not cut the forest, peel off the surface layer covering soil, damage the ore body, has small labor intensity and low production cost, can fully utilize low-grade rare earth resources, and is a high-efficiency, environment-friendly and economic exploitation mode. The technology has high requirements on ore body properties and bedrock integrity, mass production enterprises produce and manage extensive in the development and application process, neglects to survey the ore body properties and bedrock integrity, carries out immersion liquid recovery only by constructing simple liquid accumulation pipelines/roadways, and causes resource loss due to diffusion of a large amount of precious rare earth resources to the periphery of an ore area through hidden underground leakage channels in the exploitation process, thereby bringing great loss to life health and ecological environment of the ore area and surrounding public due to environmental pollution problems such as land salinization, landslide, excess of groundwater ammonia nitrogen and the like.
Aiming at the current situation that the hidden leakage channel of the ion rare earth ore exists widely, various scientific research institutions and rare earth enterprises develop more researches for avoiding the problems of resource loss and water and soil pollution of mining areas caused by in-situ leaching exploitation due to the leakage channel, but no good solution exists. For example, a large number of mechanical drilling holes are needed by adopting single geological drilling investigation, and the problems of low efficiency, high cost, influence on in-situ leaching exploitation and the like exist; by adopting a single high-density resistivity method, the problems of poor water permeability of a low-resistance region, low accuracy of physical inversion between the measuring lines, undefined boundary of a characteristic region and the like exist; adopting two-dimensional shallow seismic survey, the defects and limitations which cannot be overcome by the W.S. French model exist; by adopting geophysical and geological drilling combined exploration, underground seepage is greatly changed in the leaching exploitation process, and the problems of failure or non-delineating of a hidden seepage channel on an original underground water line still exist.
Based on the problems of single or combined mining area geological exploration, the method is summarized on the basis of multiple field tests. The invention provides a comprehensive exploration method of an ion type rare earth mine hidden leakage channel by combining geophysical exploration, hydrogeological test, geological drilling exploration and numerical simulation technical means. The invention can effectively solve the difficulty problem of single geological exploration, provides basic data support for the design and construction of pollution prevention and control facilities in the in-situ leaching exploitation process of the ion rare earth ore, and is beneficial to the construction of ecological green and sustainable mines.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a comprehensive exploration method for an ion type rare earth mine hidden leakage channel, which aims to solve the resource and environment problems caused by a hidden underground leakage channel in the ion type rare earth in-situ leaching exploitation process, is based on the common geological characteristics of small topography height difference, shallow rock-magma substrate burial, shallow substrate fracture crack development, obvious differential weathering and the like of the ion type rare earth mining area, and reasonably utilizes the advantages of geophysical exploration, hydrogeology test, geological drilling exploration and numerical simulation technical means by combining the technical characteristics of in-situ leaching exploitation.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
an ionic rare earth ore hidden leakage channel comprehensive investigation method comprises the following steps:
A. according to basic data of an ionic rare earth mine area, developing a data acquisition observation system design taking shallow seismic exploration as a main part and high-density resistivity method measurement as an auxiliary part;
B. collecting and processing observation data of shallow seismic exploration and a high-density resistivity method, analyzing an exploitation range wave speed and resistivity data interpretation result, and indicating a geophysical exploration characteristic area of a suspected hidden seepage channel;
C. carrying out geological drilling coring, rock and soil testing and hydrogeological testing, determining stratum lithology, geological structure, hydrogeological parameters and the like, and determining physical parameters such as porosity, water content, resistivity, wave speed and the like of the rock and soil;
D. constraining the interpretation result of the physical exploration data in the step B by using the rich drilling geological parameters obtained in the step C;
E. integrating the geological condition parameters obtained in the steps A to D, and constructing a three-dimensional geological model and a three-dimensional groundwater seepage model of a production area by using GOCAD, MODFLOW and other software;
F. simulating the immersion liquid migration rule under the in-situ immersion extraction condition by using a three-dimensional groundwater seepage model, and further accurately delineating a hidden seepage channel in the extraction range to guide the construction of monitoring and prevention and control facilities of in-situ immersion extraction.
Further, in step a, the basic data includes mining area exploitation range, geological structure background, geographical environment characteristics and the like.
Further, in the step a, the shallow seismic exploration is mainly used for ascertaining the wave velocity difference of the rock-soil stratum in the mining area, so as to further interpret the geological information of each stratum, wherein the geological information at least comprises the information of burial depth, occurrence, thickness and fracture distribution. Typically, the resolution is lower in the production area and higher at the edge of the production area; the reason is that the surface water of the ionic rare earth mining area is rich, the ground water level is high, the vertical migration of immersion liquid leakage is difficult, and the horizontal migration is easy. Wherein the general depth of the rock-soil stratum of the shallow seismic exploration is 200-300 meters of burial depth.
In step a, the high-density resistivity method is mainly used for ascertaining the resistivity difference of the rock and soil strata in the mining area, so as to further interpret the fracture water content or pore water content characteristics of each stratum and determine the spatial distribution of the underground water-resisting layer. Typically in a two-dimensional profile line with low resolution in the production zone and high resolution at the edge of the production zone. Wherein the general depth of the rock-soil stratum measured by the high-density resistivity method is 150-200 meters of burial depth.
Furthermore, in the step A, the shallow seismic exploration is taken as a main part and the high-density resistivity method measurement is taken as an auxiliary part, so that the shallow seismic exploration can better ascertain the spatial fluctuation of the stratum and the fracture distribution, and the method has the advantages of high resolution, large sounding depth, good terrain adaptability and convenient arrangement; the high-density resistivity method has low sensitivity to stratum demarcation and small detection depth, and the survey line needs to extend out of the detection area and has insufficient adaptability to the terrain with large height difference.
Further, in step a, the data acquisition observation system design includes: device equipment, resolution, line of sight orientation, offset, workload, measurement mode, and others.
Further, in the step B, the physical exploration characteristic area of the suspected hidden leakage channel is: the high wave velocity region in the low wave velocity formation or the low wave velocity region in the high wave velocity formation in the shallow seismic survey, and the high resistivity region in the medium and low resistivity formation or the resistivity region in the high resistivity formation are measured by a high density resistivity method.
Further, in the step C, the geological drilling coring and the hydrogeological test are both performed in the physical exploration characteristic area of the suspected hidden leakage channel, the hydrogeological test hole and the geological drilling can be shared, and the core sample obtained by the geological drilling coring is used for performing the rock-soil test.
Further, in step C, the hydrogeologic experiment in the geologic borehole includes: water injection test, water pumping test, pressurized water test, natural water level measurement, natural potential measurement and dispersion (tracing) test.
Further, in step D, the borehole geological parameters include: stratum lithology, stratum thickness, rock-soil composition structure and geological structure obtained through geological drilling coring; physical parameters such as porosity, water content, resistivity, wave speed and the like obtained through rock-soil testing; hydrogeologic parameters obtained by in situ hydrogeologic tests of water injection, water pressure, water pumping, dispersion, water level measurement, etc., are developed in the borehole: the water level, the permeability coefficient, the water conductivity coefficient, the water level conductivity coefficient, the pressure conductivity coefficient, the water supply degree, the water release coefficient and the overflow coefficient.
Further, in the step D, the constraint of the borehole geological parameter on the interpretation result of the physical exploration data in the step B mainly appears as follows: and (3) accurately describing the contents of a stratum interface, fracture development degree, characteristic region boundaries and the like.
Further, the geological and geographic condition parameters used for constructing the three-dimensional geological model and the three-dimensional groundwater seepage model of the production area in the step E at least include: rainfall, rainfall infiltration coefficient, topography, stratum structure, rock-soil physical property, water-containing/water-resisting layer thickness, water-proof layer, stratum permeability coefficient, stratum water-feeding degree, groundwater supply and drainage condition, hydrologic boundary condition and groundwater migration speed. Wherein: the parameters which can be obtained in the step A mainly comprise: topography, rainfall, formation lithology, geological structure, groundwater type, groundwater replenishment and drainage conditions, hydrologic boundary conditions and groundwater migration velocity; the parameters which can be obtained in the step D mainly comprise: stratum lithology, water-containing/water-resisting layer thickness, rock-soil composition structure and geological structure obtained through geological drilling coring, porosity, water-containing rate, resistivity, wave speed and other physical parameters obtained through rock-soil testing, and hydrogeological parameters obtained through in-situ hydrographic tests such as water injection, water pressing, water pumping, dispersion, water level measurement and the like are developed in drilling: the water level, the permeability coefficient, the water conductivity coefficient, the water level conductivity coefficient, the pressure conductivity coefficient, the water supply degree, the water release coefficient and the overflow coefficient.
Further, the in-situ leaching exploitation conditions in the step F comprise: the liquid injection range, the liquid injection well depth, the liquid injection strength and the like in the liquid injection engineering, and the size, the depth, the space layout and the like of a liquid receiving well pipe in the liquid receiving engineering.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the method is mainly based on geophysical exploration technology, assisted by geological drilling exploration, hydrogeological test and numerical simulation technology, so that the mechanical drilling workload is effectively reduced, the working efficiency is improved, and the damage to the geological environment of a mining area is very small.
2. Two geophysical properties of the geologic body of the production area are measured and acquired through a three-dimensional shallow seismic exploration method and a high-density resistivity method, and the multi-interpretation difficult problem interpreted by a single geophysical exploration method can be effectively restrained by combining geological drilling exploration of a characteristic area, so that a hidden leakage channel can be more accurately defined.
3. The combination of hydrogeologic tests and geological drilling exploration and geophysical exploration can more effectively describe the groundwater geologic conditions. Such as water barrier distribution, hydraulic communication between strata, seepage influence of special geological bodies, and the like.
4. And a three-dimensional geological model and a three-dimensional groundwater seepage model are constructed through GOCAD, MODFLOW and other software, so that the spatial distribution characteristics of the hidden seepage channel are displayed more clearly and intuitively.
5. By combining the three-dimensional groundwater seepage model with the three-dimensional geological model, seepage migration in the in-situ leaching process can be displayed more accurately, and hidden seepage channels can be accurately defined.
6. The invention is widely applicable to various ore-forming type ionic rare earth mines, can clearly and intuitively display hidden seepage channels, supports the construction of monitoring and prevention and control facilities for in-situ leaching exploitation, and is beneficial to control of the resource loss and environmental pollution problems in the exploitation process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the workflow steps of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of a high density resistivity profile interpretation of an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an interpretation of a shallow seismic section of an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the objects and technical embodiments of the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The embodiments provided herein will convey the full and thorough understanding of the invention to those skilled in the art, and the present invention will only be defined by the appended claims. It should be noted that the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and the specific embodiments set forth herein should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The embodiment provides an ion type rare earth mine hidden leakage channel comprehensive investigation method, which comprises geological data arrangement, geophysical investigation, geological drilling, hydrogeological test and the like, and can solve the problem of the hidden leakage channel by a single geological exploration method through the technical idea fusion of taking geophysical exploration as a main part and taking geological drilling exploration, hydrogeological test and numerical simulation as an auxiliary part.
As shown in fig. 1, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
(1) Geological data arrangement
Before the comprehensive investigation of the hidden leakage channel of the ion type rare earth ore, the geological data related to the mining area is collected as much as possible to enterprises to which the mining area belongs, units for carrying out early geological investigation and national/local geological data management departments, regional topography, mineral geology, engineering geology, hydrogeology and environmental geological condition parameters are acquired through arrangement analysis, and if geophysical exploration data of similar regions are available, difficult problems and data results of the regional topography, mineral geology, engineering geology, hydrogeology and environmental geological condition parameters are analyzed in detail.
According to the geological data arrangement result of the mining area, the design work of an observation system for geophysical exploration in the mining range is considered from various aspects of the topography and topography of the exploration area, hydrogeological conditions, bedrock burial depth, weathered layer thickness, possible fracture trend, physical parameters of the rock and soil body and the like, and device equipment, resolution, observation wire harness direction, offset, workload, measurement mode and other contents are determined.
(2) Geophysical prospecting
The method comprises the steps of combining production plans and construction period requirements of mine enterprises with reference to related geophysical prospecting industry standards to make detailed construction schemes and working progress, manually carrying out irrigation and removal on surface elements/survey lines, arranging observation equipment such as detectors/electrodes and the like according to scheme design organizations, determining working parameters of geophysical prospecting instrument equipment after test check and multi-method comparison according to conditions such as resolution, data deviation and the like, and carrying out data acquisition and check work for at least two times in different time periods so as to ensure the reality and reliability of data. After the field operation of each bin/survey line is finished, a sketch, a survey point elevation section view and a survey line qualification notice and a measurement result are provided for an interpreter in time.
TABLE 1 resistivity parameter table for different rock and soil in certain ionic rare earth mining area
TABLE 2 different rock-soil wave velocity parameter tables for certain ionic rare earth mining area
The interpreter converts the test data into a three-dimensional/profile interpretation map by using interpretation software, and selects out the characteristic region of geophysical exploration and performs geophysical interpretation on the abnormal region by referring to a geotechnical property table (shown in tables 1 and 2) (high wave velocity region in the same low wave velocity stratum in shallow seismic exploration, low resistivity region in the same high resistivity stratum in high density resistivity method measurement, and low wave velocity region in the high wave velocity stratum).
(3) Geological drilling of characteristic areas
For the geophysical exploration characteristic area, the organizer equipment performs geological drilling work at the most representative point location, and synchronously performs hydrogeological test of rock and soil sample acquisition and drilling. The method mainly comprises the steps of developing detailed hydrogeologic tests according to basic geological conditions of different strata, mainly comprising water injection tests, water pumping tests, water pressing tests, natural water level measurement, natural potential measurement and dispersion tests, obtaining basic hydrogeologic parameters such as permeability coefficients, water feeding degree, water release coefficients, water level conductivity coefficients and the like of different strata, and researching hydraulic relations between aquifers and between groundwater and surface water by combining natural water levels and natural potential differences of a plurality of holes and the like.
Physical property tests are carried out on the rock and soil sample obtained by geological drilling, which mainly comprises physical and physical parameters such as porosity, water content, water absorption, resistivity, wave speed and the like, if necessary, other parameters such as liquid-plastic limit, shear strength, granularity grading, density and cation exchange capacity can be measured.
(4) Geophysical constraint inversion
Carrying out accurate assignment on geophysical exploration characteristic areas according to rock and soil test results, geological drilling records and hydrogeological test results of different hole sites, and carrying out constraint inversion in corresponding software, wherein the constraint inversion is shown in fig. 2 and 3; geological borehole validation should be added if necessary to ensure the reliability of the constraint inversion results.
(5) Three-dimensional geological model and groundwater seepage model
Data materials of early-stage topographic mapping, geological drilling exploration, geophysical exploration, rock and soil testing and hydrogeologic testing are arranged, and a three-dimensional geological model and a three-dimensional groundwater seepage model of a mining range are constructed by using GOCAD, MODFLOW and other software.
(6) Hidden leak path delineation
According to the condition parameters of in-situ leaching exploitation of mine enterprises, carrying out three-dimensional groundwater seepage migration simulation in the leaching exploitation process, analyzing the flow field change rules under different exploitation conditions, and accurately delineating a hidden seepage channel in the exploitation range by combining a three-dimensional geological model.
The condition parameters of in-situ leaching exploitation mainly comprise: the liquid injection range, the liquid injection well depth, the liquid injection strength and the like in the liquid injection engineering, and the size, the depth, the space layout and the like of a liquid receiving well pipe in the liquid receiving engineering.
Through the steps, the spatial distribution characteristics of the hidden seepage channels in the exploitation range can be clearly and intuitively displayed by means of horizontal/vertical slicing, three-dimensional rotation and the like in software, and seepage migration in the in-situ leaching process is displayed. By using the comprehensive investigation result of the hidden leakage channel of the ionic rare earth ore, the mining technical level of mine enterprises can be remarkably improved, the construction of monitoring and prevention and control facilities for in-situ leaching mining is supported, the resource loss and environmental pollution problems in the mining process can be controlled, and the ecological harmony mining area environment can be created.
Claims (7)
1. The comprehensive investigation method of the hidden leakage channel of the ionic rare earth ore is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
A. according to basic data of an ionic rare earth mine area, developing a data acquisition observation system design taking shallow seismic exploration as a main part and high-density resistivity method measurement as an auxiliary part; the basic data comprise mining area exploitation range, geological structure background and geographic environment characteristics;
B. collecting and processing observation data of shallow seismic exploration and a high-density resistivity method, analyzing an exploitation range wave speed and resistivity data interpretation result, and indicating a geophysical exploration characteristic area of a suspected hidden seepage channel; the shallow seismic exploration is used for ascertaining the wave velocity difference of rock and soil strata in the mining area mining range so as to further interpret geological information of each stratum, wherein the geological information at least comprises burial depth, occurrence, thickness and broken fracture distribution information; the high-density resistivity method is used for measuring the resistivity difference of the rock-soil stratum in the mining area, so as to interpret the fracture water content or pore water content characteristics of each stratum and determine the spatial distribution of the underground water-resisting layer;
C. carrying out geological drilling coring, rock and soil testing and hydrogeological testing, determining stratum lithology, geological structure and hydrogeological parameters, and determining physical parameters of rock and soil; the physical parameters of the rock and soil at least comprise porosity, water content, resistivity and wave velocity;
D. constraining the physical exploration data interpretation result in the step B by using the drilling geological parameters obtained in the step C;
E. c, integrating the geological condition parameters obtained in the steps A to D, and constructing a three-dimensional geological model and a three-dimensional groundwater seepage model of the production area; the geological condition parameters at least comprise: rainfall, rainfall infiltration coefficient, topography, stratum structure, rock-soil physical property, water-containing/water-resisting layer thickness, water-proof layer, stratum permeability coefficient, stratum water supply degree, groundwater supply and drainage condition, hydrologic boundary condition and groundwater migration speed;
F. simulating the immersion liquid migration rule under the in-situ immersion extraction condition by using a three-dimensional groundwater seepage model, and further delineating a hidden seepage channel in the extraction range to guide the construction of monitoring prevention and control facilities of in-situ immersion extraction.
2. The method for comprehensively surveying the hidden leakage channel of the ionic rare earth ore according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step A, the design of the data acquisition and observation system at least comprises device equipment, resolution, direction of an observation wire harness, offset, workload and measurement mode.
3. The method for comprehensively surveying the hidden leakage channel of the ionic rare earth ore according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step B, the geophysical exploration characteristic area of the suspected hidden seepage channel comprises a high-wave-speed area in a low-wave-speed stratum or a low-wave-speed area in a high-wave-speed stratum in shallow seismic exploration, a high-resistivity area in a medium-low-resistivity stratum or a low-resistivity area in a high-resistivity stratum measured by a high-density resistivity method.
4. The method for comprehensively surveying the hidden leakage channel of the ionic rare earth ore according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step C, the geological drilling coring and the hydrogeological test are both performed in the physical exploration characteristic area of the suspected hidden seepage channel indicated in the step B, and the rock-soil core sample obtained by geological drilling is used for performing rock-soil testing.
5. The method for comprehensively surveying the hidden leakage channel of the ionic rare earth ore according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step C, the hydrogeologic test comprises at least: water injection test, water pumping test, pressurized water test, natural water level measurement, natural potential measurement and dispersion test.
6. The method for comprehensively surveying the hidden leakage channel of the ionic rare earth ore according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step D, the borehole geological parameters include: stratum lithology, stratum thickness, rock-soil composition structure and geological structure obtained through geological drilling coring; porosity, water content, resistivity and wave velocity obtained by rock-soil testing; hydrogeologic parameters obtained by conducting water injection, water pressure, water pumping, dispersion, and water level measurement corresponding in situ hydrogeologic tests in a borehole: the water level, the permeability coefficient, the water conductivity coefficient, the water level conductivity coefficient, the pressure conductivity coefficient, the water supply degree, the water release coefficient and the overflow coefficient; and (C) the constraint of the borehole geological parameters on the interpretation result of the physical exploration data in the step B is expressed as a precise description of the stratum interface, the fracture development degree and the characteristic region boundary.
7. The method for comprehensively surveying the hidden leakage channel of the ionic rare earth ore according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step F, the in-situ leaching exploitation conditions at least comprise: the liquid injection range, the liquid injection well depth and the liquid injection strength in the liquid injection project, and the size, the depth and the space layout of a liquid collecting well pipe in the liquid collecting project.
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