CN111410965A - Soil conditioner and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof. The soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.2-0.6 part of microbial agent, 5-10 parts of organic carbon residue, 0.01-0.05 part of plant growth regulator and 0.1-0.5 part of biological enzyme, wherein the organic carbon residue is obtained by fermenting organic carbon raw material by microorganisms. The soil conditioner prepared by the invention is rich in various elements such as calcium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, iron and the like, is beneficial to improving soil nutrients, and is added with a microbial agent and a biological enzyme to improve the physicochemical property of soil. Meanwhile, the water solubility of the organic carbon residue prepared by fermentation is improved, the organic carbon residue is easy to absorb by crops, carbon elements of the crops are supplemented in time, the soil quality can be improved, nutrients can be provided for the growth of the crops, and the organic carbon residue is suitable for agricultural planting.

Description

Soil conditioner and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of functional compound fertilizers, in particular to a soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof.

Background

China is a big agricultural country, and the problem of complex and various soil caused by large crop planting area exists. Soil pollution refers to a phenomenon in which substances harmful to human bodies and other living bodies are applied to soil by human activities, so that the content of certain harmful components is significantly higher than the original content of the soil, thereby causing deterioration of the soil quality.

Soil pollution can be broadly divided into two major categories, inorganic pollution and organic pollution. The inorganic pollution mainly comprises the pollution of acid, alkali, heavy metal salts, compounds of radioactive elements cesium and strontium, compounds containing arsenic, selenium and fluorine and the like to soil. The organic pollution mainly comprises pollution to soil caused by harmful microorganisms brought by organic pesticides, phenols, cyanides, petroleum and animal manure. When the soil contains excessive harmful substances and exceeds the self-cleaning capacity of the soil, the composition, the structure and the function of the soil are changed, the activity of microorganisms is inhibited, the harmful substances or decomposition products thereof are gradually accumulated in the soil and are indirectly absorbed by a human body through 'soil-plant-human body', and the human body health is harmed. At present, the effect of the fertilizer on the market is single, farmers often abuse or use pesticides and fertilizers in a mixed manner to destroy the soil structure, soil hardening is caused, organic matters in the soil after multiple use are reduced, the phenomenon of carbon starvation of crops is more obvious, the nutrient balance of the crops is seriously restricted by the lack of carbon elements, and the organic matters added in the current fertilizer have poor water solubility, so that the crop absorption is poor, and the yield and the quality of the crops are directly influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems of poor physical and chemical properties of soil and poor water-solubility effect of single fertilizer nutrient organic matters.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 85-95 parts of oyster shell, 0.2-0.6 part of microorganism, 5-10 parts of organic carbon residue, 0.01-0.05 part of plant growth regulator and 0.1-0.5 part of biological enzyme; wherein the organic carbon residue is obtained by fermenting an organic carbon raw material by microorganisms.

Preferably, the organic carbon raw material comprises any one of sugarcane, cassava and corn stalks.

Preferably, the microorganism for fermenting the organic carbon material is yeast.

Preferably, the ratio of the organic carbon raw material to the microorganism is 1:250 to 300.

Preferably, the organic carbon raw material is fermented at a fermentation temperature of 20 to 40 ℃ for 13 to 15 days.

Preferably, the organic carbon residue is obtained by decomposing and fermenting an organic carbon raw material by microorganisms, drying and crushing, and the particle size of the organic carbon residue is 50-100 meshes.

More preferably, the oyster shell is 84.35 to 94.69 parts by weight.

Preferably, the oyster shell is oyster shell powder obtained by high-temperature calcination and crushing, the high-temperature calcination treatment temperature is 100-300 ℃, and the particle size of the oyster shell powder is 20-50 meshes. Preferably, the microbial agent is a bacillus.

Preferably, the plant growth regulator is any one of indoleacetic acid, naphthylacetic acid, brassin and indolebutyric acid.

And, a method for preparing soil amendment, weigh each component separately according to the above-mentioned soil amendment;

mixing the weighed plant growth regulator and the microbial agent to obtain a first mixed material;

processing the first mixed material and the weighed biological ferment mixed material to obtain a second mixed material;

mixing the second mixed material with the weighed organic carbon slag to obtain a third mixed material;

and (3) treating the third mixed material and the weighed oyster shell powder mixed material to obtain the soil conditioner.

The soil conditioner is prepared by compounding oyster shells, organic carbon slag, a microbial agent, a plant growth regulator and a biological enzyme, the organic carbon slag is obtained by fermenting an organic carbon raw material through microorganisms, the oyster shells not only contain a large amount of calcium element, but also contain other elements such as magnesium, aluminum, silicon, iron and the like, the nutrients of the soil can be improved by increasing various elements, and the microbial agent also promotes cells in the soil to release nutrient substances, so that the soil is fertile, and is favorable for absorption and growth of crops. The plant growth regulator can enhance the fertilizer absorption capacity of crops, and the added biological ferment has extremely strong hydrolyzation, can dissolve solidified nutrient components in soil, improve the physicochemical property of the soil and provide rich nutrients for the crops. Meanwhile, the water solubility of the organic carbon residue prepared by fermentation is improved, the organic carbon residue is easy to absorb by crops, carbon elements of crops can be supplemented in time, the current situation of carbon starvation of the crops is solved, and the soil conditioner is added, so that the soil quality can be improved, nutrients can be provided for the growth of the crops, and the organic carbon residue is suitable for being planted and used in the agriculture.

The preparation method of the soil conditioner only needs to mix the weighed components, and the preparation method enables the components to be uniformly dispersed and effectively ensures the stable performance of the soil conditioner. In addition, the preparation method is simple, low in cost and suitable for industrial production.

Detailed Description

In order to make the purpose, technical solution and technical effect of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without any inventive step in connection with the embodiments of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

The embodiment of the invention provides a soil conditioner which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 85-95 parts of oyster shell, 0.2-0.6 part of microorganism, 5-10 parts of organic carbon residue, 0.01-0.05 part of plant growth regulator and 0.1-0.5 part of biological enzyme; wherein the organic carbon residue is obtained by fermenting an organic carbon raw material by microorganisms.

Particularly, as an important component of the soil conditioner, the oyster shell raw material has wide source and low application cost. In the embodiment of the invention, the oyster shell contains 80-95% of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and calcium phosphate, and contains other elements such as magnesium, aluminum, silicon, iron and the like. The addition of major elements in the oyster shells can obviously improve the nutrients of soil, increase the supply of nutrition for seedlings, simultaneously is favorable for the synergistic effect with organic carbon, enhances the nutrition absorption of crops, improves the photosynthesis of the crops and ensures the growth of the crops. In a preferred embodiment, the oyster shell is 84.5 to 94.69 parts by weight.

In some preferred embodiments, the oyster shell is oyster shell powder obtained by high-temperature calcination and pulverization, and the temperature of the high-temperature calcination treatment is 100 ℃ to 300 ℃. After high-temperature calcination treatment, the calcium carbonate in the oyster shells is heated and decomposed into calcium oxide. Compared with calcium carbonate, calcium oxide can react with water, and can easily supplement calcium element to soil. Further, the particle size of the oyster shell powder obtained by crushing is 20-50 meshes, the particle size is ensured to be moderate, the loosening of the soil is facilitated, the specific surface area of contact between the soil conditioner and the soil is increased, the reaction rate is accelerated, and the reaction effect is enhanced. If the particle size of the oyster shell powder is too large, the oyster shell powder is not in sufficient contact with soil, reaction is not facilitated, and the expected effect cannot be achieved; if the particle size of the oyster shell powder is too small, the oyster shell powder cannot loose the soil, is easy to run off, does not continuously improve the soil property, and causes waste during fertilization.

Specifically, the organic carbon residue is added into the soil conditioner, so that on one hand, the soil can be improved, a soil aggregate structure is formed, the hardened soil is loosened, the micro-ecological environment of the soil is greatly improved, the soil can breathe, and the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil is improved; on the other hand, organic carbon is combined with microorganisms to accelerate the propagation of the microorganisms in soil, the fermented organic carbon residue is rich in micromolecular water-soluble organic matters and can be directly absorbed by crops to synthesize substances such as amino acid, protein and the like, the sub-health state of the crops is eliminated, the healthy growth of the crops is effectively promoted, the carbon is effectively supplemented for the crops, the nutrition balance of the crops is solved, the growth and development of the crops are promoted, and the yield is increased and the quality is improved.

Further, the organic carbon residue is obtained by fermenting an organic carbon raw material by microorganisms. If the raw materials are directly added into the soil conditioner, the raw materials are not dissolved in water, and the quantity of the microbial inoculum capable of degrading organic matters in the soil is less, so that the raw materials are not beneficial to supplement of carbon sources for plants. Therefore, the organic carbon is converted into small molecule water-soluble substances by utilizing a biological fermentation technology. Preferably, the added microorganism is yeast which is a unicellular fungus, can survive in aerobic and anaerobic environments, belongs to facultative anaerobes and can fully convert macromolecular organic carbon into micromolecular substances. Preferably, the adding ratio of the organic carbon raw material to the microorganisms is 1: 250-300, if the organic carbon content is too high, a large amount of oxygen is needed in the fermentation process, and if the organic carbon content is too high, oxygen is not supplied enough, so that the fermentation is not uniform, and the optimal fermentation effect cannot be obtained; if the content of the organic carbon is too low, the content of the organic carbon residue obtained by fermentation is low, and the organic carbon residue is not beneficial to being added into the soil conditioner. In some embodiments, the fermentation temperature is 20-40 ℃, the fermentation time is 13-15 days, and the fermentation temperature is 20-40 ℃ which is the optimal temperature of the yeast, so that the fermentation effect is further ensured.

Furthermore, the organic carbon residue is obtained by decomposing and fermenting an organic carbon raw material by microorganisms, and then drying and crushing the organic carbon raw material, and the particle size of the organic carbon residue is 50-100 meshes.

In some embodiments, the organic carbon feedstock is at least one of sugar cane, tapioca, corn, balloon flower, and the like. The preferred organic carbon raw material is green, safe, low in price and easy to obtain. In the embodiment of the invention, the organic carbon slag comprises 5-10 parts by weight of the components.

Specifically, the microbial agent added to the soil conditioner is bacillus, mainly bacillus subtilis and bacillus megaterium. On one hand, the bacillus has stronger decomposition capability, can decompose macromolecular substances such as proteins, starch, fat and the like which are difficult to decompose into usable micromolecular substances, and also has enzymes for degrading complex carbohydrates in soil, and if the enzymes are collagenase, glucanase, cellulase and the like, the enzymes can destroy the cell walls of nutrient cells, promote the release of the nutrient substances of the cells and promote the absorption of plants; on the other hand, the bacillus can synthesize various organic acids and other metabolites which are easily utilized by plants, promote the growth of the plants, effectively inhibit the growth and the propagation of harmful microorganisms such as harmful bacteria, pathogenic bacteria and the like, and protect the plants from insect damage. Specifically, the microbial agent is selected from bacillus of armes, Beijing.

The soil conditioner is added with a plant growth regulator, and the plant growth regulator can enhance the fertilizer absorption capacity of crops, enhance the stress resistance (disease resistance, drought resistance, salinity resistance and frost resistance) and improve the fruit quality of the crops. Preferably, the plant growth regulator is any one of indoleacetic acid, naphthylacetic acid, brassin and indolebutyric acid. Since the plant growth regulator is an exogenous non-nutritive chemical substance, which is generally conducted to the site of action in the plant body, it has an accelerating effect at a low concentration and becomes an inhibiting effect at a high concentration, and the contrary result is obtained by changing the concentration, it is preferable that the plant growth regulator is selected in an amount of 0.01 to 0.05 parts by weight.

Specifically, the weight portion of the biological ferment is 0.1-0.5. The biological ferment is fermented by a plurality of beneficial microbial floras and is an organic compound rich in high-activity organic matters and microbial metabolites. The soil conditioner has extremely strong hydrolyzability, contains dozens of enzymes, and can dissolve solidified nutrient components in soil, thereby improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and promoting the transformation of soil nutrients and the absorption of crops to the nutrients; adding biological ferment to soil amendment, mixing with soil can form big aggregate structure with soil fast, increase soil unit weight, increase soil porosity to indirectly increase soil oxygen content, and this material has abundant hydrophilic base in addition, can be effectual with the water molecule firmly in the place soil, utilize slowly to release along with the absorption of crop, can play the effect of water conservation waterlogging resistance.

The invention provides a soil conditioner, which comprises oyster shells, organic carbon residue, a microbial agent, a plant growth regulator and a biological enzyme, wherein the organic carbon residue is obtained by fermenting, drying and crushing an organic carbon raw material through microorganisms. By adopting the soil improver, on one hand, the soil quality can be improved, soil germs can be degraded, on the other hand, nutrient substances can be provided for crops, the growth of the crops is promoted, and the soil improver is suitable for agricultural planting.

The soil conditioner provided by the embodiment of the invention can be prepared by the following method.

Correspondingly, the embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the soil conditioner. The method comprises the following steps:

s01, weighing the components according to the soil conditioner;

s02, mixing the weighed plant growth regulator and a microbial agent to obtain a first mixed material;

s03, processing the first mixed material and the weighed biological enzyme mixed material to obtain a second mixed material;

s04, processing the second mixed material and the weighed organic carbon slag mixed material to obtain a third mixed material;

and S05, treating the third mixed material and the oyster shell powder mixed material to obtain the soil conditioner.

Specifically, the preferred content and types of the soil improvement components in the step S01 are as described above, and will not be described herein for brevity.

The mixing treatment in the above steps S02, S03, S04, S05 may be performed in a conventional mixing manner such as stirring or the like as long as the components are uniformly mixed.

The present invention will now be described in further detail by taking the above-mentioned contents of the soil conditioner components and the preparation method as examples.

Example 1

The content of the components of the soil conditioner and the preparation method. The soil conditioner comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 84.35 parts of oyster shell, 5 parts of bagasse, 0.2 part of microbial agent, 0.01 part of indoleacetic acid and 0.1 part of biological enzyme.

Wherein the bagasse is prepared by fermenting 1:200 sugarcane raw material and yeast at 25 deg.C for 14 days, oven drying, and pulverizing to 60 mesh.

The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing 0.01 part of indolylacetic acid and 0.2 part of microbial agent to obtain a first mixed material; processing the first mixed material and 0.1 part of weighed biological enzyme mixed material to obtain a second mixed material; mixing the second mixed material with 5 parts of weighed bagasse to obtain a third mixed material; and (3) mixing the third mixture with 84.35 parts of oyster shell powder to obtain the soil conditioner.

Example 2

The content of the components of the soil conditioner and the preparation method. Wherein, the soil conditioner comprises the following components by weight: 90 parts of oyster shell, 8 parts of cassava residue, 0.4 part of microbial agent, 0.03 part of naphthylacetic acid and 0.3 part of biological enzyme.

Wherein, the cassava residue is prepared by fermenting cassava raw material and yeast at a ratio of 1:250 at 30 ℃ for 14 days, drying, and crushing to 80 meshes.

The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing 0.03 part of naphthylacetic acid and 0.4 part of microbial agent to obtain a first mixed material; processing the first mixed material and 0.3 part of weighed biological enzyme mixed material to obtain a second mixed material; mixing the second mixed material with the weighed 8 parts of the cassava residue to obtain a third mixed material; and (3) mixing the third mixed material with 90 parts of oyster shell powder to obtain the soil conditioner.

Example 3

The content of the components of the soil conditioner and the preparation method. Wherein, the soil conditioner comprises the following components by weight: 94.69 parts of oyster shell, 10 parts of corn straw residues, 0.6 part of microbial agent, 0.05 part of brassin and 0.5 part of biological enzyme.

Wherein the corn stalk dregs are prepared by fermenting 1:300 corn stalk raw materials and saccharomycetes at 35 ℃ for 14 days, drying and crushing to 100 meshes.

The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing 0.05 part of the weighed brassin and 0.6 part of the microbial agent to obtain a first mixed material; processing the first mixed material and 0.5 part of weighed biological enzyme mixed material to obtain a second mixed material; mixing the second mixed material with the weighed 10 parts of organic carbon slag to obtain a third mixed material; and (3) mixing the third mixture with 94.69 parts of oyster shell powder to obtain the soil conditioner.

Example 4

The content of the components of the soil conditioner and the preparation method. The soil conditioner comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 84.35 parts of oyster shell, 5 parts of bagasse, 0.2 part of microbial agent, 0.01 part of indolebutyric acid and 0.1 part of biological enzyme.

Wherein the bagasse is prepared by fermenting 1:200 sugarcane raw material and yeast at 25 deg.C for 14 days, oven drying, and pulverizing to 60 mesh.

The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing 0.01 part of indolebutyric acid and 0.2 part of microbial agent to obtain a first mixed material; processing the first mixed material and 0.1 part of weighed biological enzyme mixed material to obtain a second mixed material; mixing the second mixed material with 5 parts of weighed bagasse to obtain a third mixed material; and (3) mixing the third mixture with 84.35 parts of oyster shell powder to obtain the soil conditioner.

Taking sweet potato planting as an example:

the soil conditioner prepared in the embodiments 1-4 of the invention is used together with other soil conditioners for treating the field soil, and the fertilizing amount is as follows: the soil conditioner is 100-150 kg/mu, the organic fertilizer is 200 kg/mu and the compound fertilizer is 40 kg/mu, the fertilizer is applied together for digging and ridging, sweet potato seedlings are planted, the results of the sweet potato seedlings in the field seeds are statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in the following table 1.

TABLE 1 statistics of test results

As shown in Table 1, the number of the sweet potatoes applied with the oyster shell soil conditioner is increased by 40 percent and 26 percent respectively compared with the number of the sweet potatoes applied with the competitive product soil conditioner 1 and the competitive product soil conditioner 2; the soluble sugar content was increased by 21.57% and 29.17%; the calcium content is increased by 10.97 percent and 14.29 percent; yield was increased by 10% and 16.58%, respectively.

Therefore, by adding a large amount of oyster shell powder into the soil conditioner, the content of calcium element in crops is effectively improved; by adding the organic carbon residue after fermentation treatment, carbon elements are supplemented for soil, the absorption of the carbon elements of crops is promoted, and the content of soluble sugar of the crops is increased. The soil conditioner is applied, so that the microenvironment of soil is effectively improved, the organic matter content of the soil is increased, the absorption and the transfer of substances are promoted, the nutrition of crops is better utilized, the yield of the crops is increased, and the quality of the crops is improved.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The soil conditioner is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 85-95 parts of oyster shell, 0.2-0.6 part of microbial agent, 5-10 parts of organic carbon residue, 0.01-0.05 part of plant growth regulator and 0.1-0.5 part of biological enzyme; wherein the organic carbon residue is obtained by fermenting an organic carbon raw material by microorganisms.

2. A soil amendment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the organic carbon raw material comprises at least one of sugarcane, cassava and corn straw.

3. A soil amendment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in the step of fermenting the organic carbon raw material by the microorganism, the microorganism used for fermenting the organic carbon raw material is saccharomycetes.

4. A soil amendment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in the step of fermenting the organic carbon raw material by the microorganisms, the adding ratio of the organic carbon raw material to the microorganisms is 1:250 to 300.

5. A soil amendment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the fermentation temperature of the organic carbon raw material is 20-40 ℃, and the fermentation time is 13-15 days.

6. A soil amendment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the organic carbon slag is prepared by decomposing and fermenting the organic carbon raw material by microorganisms, and then drying and crushing the organic carbon raw material, and the particle size of the organic carbon slag is 50-100 meshes.

7. A soil amendment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the weight portion of the oyster shell is 84.35-94.69.

8. A soil amendment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the oyster shell is oyster shell powder obtained after high-temperature calcination and crushing, the high-temperature calcination treatment temperature is 100-300 ℃, and the particle size of the oyster shell powder is 20-50 meshes.

9. A soil amendment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the microbial agent is bacillus; and/or

The plant growth regulator is any one of indoleacetic acid, naphthylacetic acid, brassin and indolebutyric acid.

10. The preparation method of the soil conditioner is characterized by comprising the following steps:

respectively weighing each component according to the soil conditioner of any one of claims 1 to 9;

mixing the weighed plant growth regulator and the microbial agent to obtain a first mixed material;

processing the first mixed material and the weighed biological ferment mixed material to obtain a second mixed material;

processing the second mixed material and the weighed organic carbon slag mixed material to obtain a third mixed material;

and (3) treating the third mixed material and the oyster shell powder mixed material to obtain the soil conditioner.