CN111410801A - 一种耐撕裂光伏电缆 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及电缆技术领域,尤其是一种耐撕裂光伏电缆,包括绝缘线芯和包覆在绝缘线芯外表面的外护套,外护套与绝缘线芯之间填充有柔性层,外护套包括涂布有耐腐蚀层的铠装层和包覆在铠装层外的护套层,铠装层的内表面上设置有若干凸棱,护套层的质量份组成如下:聚氯化乙烯100份、过氧化物硫化剂3.2‑3.6份、三聚氰酸三烯丙酯2.8‑3.0份、白炭黑和黑炭黑的混合物24‑25份、碳酸钙50‑55份、增塑剂10‑12份、防老化剂8‑12份、稳定剂8‑10份;本发明中通过添加黑炭黑,提高了电缆护套的抗撕裂性,链状炭黑可以阻碍裂纹的增长,改变裂纹的发展方向,采用黑炭黑和白炭黑的混合物,同时可以提高炭黑与护套层的相容性,进一步提高电缆护套的抗拉伸强度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电缆技术领域,尤其是一种耐撕裂光伏电缆。
背景技术
光伏系统通常是在恶劣的环境条件下使用,所以户外使用的线缆材料应根据紫外线、臭氧、剧烈温度变化和化学腐蚀情况而定,在这种环境应力下使用低档材料,将导致电缆护套易碎,甚至回分解电缆绝缘层。所以这些情况都会直接增加电缆系统损失,同时发生电缆短路的风险也会增加,从中长期看,发生火灾或人员伤害的可能性也更高。
同时在安装和维护期间,电缆会在屋顶结构的锐边上布线,所以电缆须承受压力、弯折、张力、交叉拉伸载荷及强力冲击。如果电缆护套强度不够,则电缆绝缘层将会受到严重损坏,从而影响整个电缆的使用寿命,或者导致短路、火灾和人员伤害危险等问题的出现。
发明内容
本发明的目的是:克服现有技术中的不足,提供一种机械强度高、耐辐射的耐撕裂光伏电缆。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种耐撕裂光伏电缆,包括绝缘线芯和包覆在绝缘线芯外表面的外护套,所述外护套与绝缘线芯之间填充有柔性层,所述外护套包括涂布有耐腐蚀层的铠装层和包覆在铠装层外的护套层,所述铠装层的内表面上设置有若干凸棱,所述护套层的质量份组成如下:聚氯化乙烯100份、过氧化物硫化剂3.2-3.6份、三聚氰酸三烯丙酯2.8-3.0份、白炭黑和黑炭黑的混合物24-25份、碳酸钙50-55份、增塑剂10-12份、防老化剂8-12份、稳定剂8-10份。
进一步的,所述若干凸棱等间距设置在铠装层的内表面上,每条凸棱为环状结构,所述若干凸棱与铠装层呈同心圆设置。
进一步的,所述若干凸棱等间距设置在铠装层的内表面上,每条凸棱为带状结构,所述若干凸棱沿铠装层的长度方向设置。
进一步的,所述凸棱的横截面为梯形,所述凸棱的高度为铠装层厚度为1/2,所述凸棱的下底长度为铠装层的内径的1/6,所述凸棱的上底长度为铠装层的内径的1/8。
进一步的,所述增塑剂选用邻苯二甲酸酯、石油磺酸酯的混合物,其质量比为1:1.2-1.5。
进一步的,所述防老化剂选用RD防老剂,所述稳定剂选用三盐基硫酸钡。
进一步的,所述铠装层的外表面设置有防滑纹,所述防滑纹的形状为菱形、s形、若干同心圆中的一种。
进一步的,所述护套层的内表面有若干凸块,所述护套层与铠装层之间通过阻燃粘合剂连接。
进一步的,所述柔性层的横截面为圆形,所述柔性层上开有若干贯通的绝缘线芯固定孔。
采用本发明的技术方案的有益效果是:
本发明中通过添加白炭黑和黑炭黑的混合物,提高了电缆护套的抗撕裂性,因为链状炭黑可以阻碍裂纹的增长,同时可以改变裂纹的发展方向,黑炭黑的加入能使护套层的拉伸强度、撕裂强度以及耐磨性得到明显提高,而白炭黑与黑炭黑相比,粒子更细,表面积更大,而白炭黑的表面极性和亲水性较强,与有机物的分子相容性不如炭黑好,所以本发明中采用黑炭黑和白炭黑的混合物,可以进一步提高电缆护套的抗拉伸强度,同时可以提高炭黑与护套层的相容性,进一步提高护套的整体性能。本发明中的耐撕裂光伏电缆具有重量轻、非常坚硬、摩擦系数低、耐油性好、耐水性佳、耐化学性和抗紫外线性能优异、成本低等特点。
本发明中若干凸棱等间距设置在铠装层的内表面上,每条凸棱为环状结构,若干凸棱与铠装层呈同心圆设置,采用此结构设计,可以提高铠装层和柔性层之间的连接紧密性,也提高了铠装层的强度,从而提高光伏电缆的整体机械强度,延长电缆的使用寿命,而且采用同心圆的凸棱结构设计,生产工艺简单,生产效率高。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。其中,
图中:图1为本发明中的一种耐撕裂光伏电缆的结构示意图。
图中:1绝缘线芯,2柔性层,3铠装层,4护套层。
具体实施方式
现在结合附图对本发明作进一步详细的说明。这些附图均为简化的示意图,仅以示意方式说明本发明的基本结构,因此其仅显示与本发明有关的构成。本发明利用结构示意图等进行详细描述,示意图只是实例,其在此不应限制本发明保护的范围。此外,在实际制作中应包含长度、宽度及深度的三维空间。
请参阅图1,一种耐撕裂光伏电缆,包括绝缘线芯1和包覆在绝缘线芯1外表面的外护套,外护套与绝缘线芯1之间填充有柔性层2,外护套包括涂布有耐腐蚀层的铠装层3和包覆在铠装层3外的护套层4,铠装层3的内表面上设置有若干凸棱,护套层4的质量份组成如下:聚氯化乙烯100份、过氧化物硫化剂3.2-3.6份、三聚氰酸三烯丙酯2.8-3.0份、白炭黑和黑炭黑的混合物24-25份、碳酸钙50-55份、增塑剂10-12份、防老化剂8-12份、稳定剂8-10份。增塑剂选用邻苯二甲酸酯、石油磺酸酯的混合物,其质量比为1:1.2-1.5,优选为1:1.4。防老化剂选用RD防老剂,稳定剂选用三盐基硫酸钡。
本发明中通过添加白炭黑和黑炭黑的混合物,提高了电缆护套的抗撕裂性,因为链状炭黑可以阻碍裂纹的增长,同时可以改变裂纹的发展方向,黑炭黑的加入能使护套层4的拉伸强度、撕裂强度以及耐磨性得到明显提高,而白炭黑与黑炭黑相比,粒子更细,表面积更大,而白炭黑的表面极性和亲水性较强,与有机物的分子相容性不如炭黑好,所以本发明中采用黑炭黑和白炭黑的混合物,可以进一步提高电缆护套的抗拉伸强度,同时可以提高炭黑与护套层4的相容性,进一步提高护套的整体性能。
本发明中通过增加碳酸钙,相比其他填料例如滑石粉或陶土粒子,碳酸钙对电缆的机械强度增加的效果更显著。
铠装层3的结构设计,进一步提高了外护套的机械强度和抗拉伸强度,延长电缆的使用寿命,而且铠装层3还可以避免老鼠撕咬,同时可以接地保护电缆。
本实施例中若干凸棱等间距设置在铠装层3的内表面上,每条凸棱为环状结构,若干凸棱与铠装层3呈同心圆设置,采用此结构设计,可以提高铠装层3和柔性层2之间的连接紧密性,也提高了铠装层3的强度,从而提高光伏电缆的整体机械强度,延长电缆的使用寿命,而且采用同心圆的凸棱结构设计,生产工艺简单,生产效率高。
本实施例中若干凸棱等间距设置在铠装层3的内表面上,每条凸棱为带状结构,若干凸棱沿铠装层3的长度方向设置,此结构设计,在长度上提高了光伏电缆的强度,从而提高了光伏电缆在恶劣环境下的承重性能,在长度方向上提高了电缆的抗撕裂性,从而延长官渡电缆的使用寿命。
本实施例中若干凸棱的横截面为梯形,凸棱的高度为铠装层3厚度为1/2,凸棱的下底长度为铠装层3的内径的1/6,凸棱的上底长度为铠装层3的内径的1/8,采用此结构设计,铠装层3各处的抗压性能和机械强度比较均匀,从而提高了铠装层3的强度,本实施例中凸棱选用三条,本实施例中选用上述尺寸大小的凸棱,一方面,提高了铠装层3的强度,另一方面,包装过程中,铠装层3上的凸棱实际上会挤压柔性层2并造成柔性层2局部区域的变形,所以采用上述形状和尺寸的凸棱结构,可以在保证铠装层3与柔性层2之间紧密连接的前提下最大程度的降低铠装层3对柔性层2的结构破坏,最大限度的确保柔性层2的柔韧性,从而提高了光伏电缆的抗撕裂性能,延长了光伏电缆在恶劣环境下的使用寿命,提高了使用安全性。
本实施例中铠装层3的外表面设置有防滑纹,防滑纹的形状为菱形、s形、若干同心圆中的一种,此结构设计,可以减少铠装层3与护套层4在使用过程中之间发生相对位移,影响电缆护套的整体强度,从而进一步提高了光伏电缆的抗撕裂性能。本实施例中防滑纹的形状优选为s形。
本实施例中护套层4的内表面有若干凸块,护套层4与铠装层3之间通过阻燃粘合剂连接,凸块的结构设计,可以提高护套层4内表面与粘合剂的接触面积,避免光伏电缆在低温环境下护套层4与粘合剂之间发生相对位移从而影响光伏电缆的整体强度,从而提高光伏电缆的抗撕裂强度,延长其使用寿命。
本实施例中的柔性层2的横截面为圆形,柔性层2上开有若干贯通的绝缘线芯1固定孔,若干固定孔之间相互贯通,可以提高若干绝缘线芯1之间的活动空间,从而避免电缆在使用过程局部位置发生凸起导致护套的厚度不均匀从而造成对线缆护套的损坏,降低其抗撕裂强度,影响其使用寿命。
实施例1-实施例3为本发明中耐撕裂光伏电缆护套层4的质量份组成。
实施例1
本实施例中护套层4的质量份组成如下:聚氯化乙烯100份、过氧化物硫化剂3.2份、三聚氰酸三烯丙酯2.8份、白炭黑和黑炭黑的混合物24份、碳酸钙50份、增塑剂10份、防老化剂8份、稳定剂8-份。增塑剂选用邻苯二甲酸酯、石油磺酸酯的混合物,其质量比为1:1.2,防老化剂选用RD防老剂,稳定剂选用三盐基硫酸钡。
本实施例中的电缆外护套层的抗张强度为14.5N/mm2,断裂伸长率为310%。
实施例2
本实施例中护套层4的质量份组成如下:聚氯化乙烯100份、过氧化物硫化剂3.5份、三聚氰酸三烯丙酯2.8份、白炭黑和黑炭黑的混合物24.5份、碳酸钙52份、增塑剂11份、防老化剂10份、稳定剂9份。增塑剂选用邻苯二甲酸酯、石油磺酸酯的混合物,其质量比为1:1.4。防老化剂选用RD防老剂,稳定剂选用三盐基硫酸钡。
本实施例中的电缆外护套层的抗张强度为14.9N/mm2,断裂伸长率为315%。
实施例3
本实施例中护套层4的质量份组成如下:聚氯化乙烯100份、过氧化物硫化剂3.6份、三聚氰酸三烯丙酯3.0份、白炭黑和黑炭黑的混合物25份、碳酸钙55份、增塑剂12份、防老化剂12份、稳定剂10份。增塑剂选用邻苯二甲酸酯、石油磺酸酯的混合物,其质量比为1:1.5,防老化剂选用RD防老剂,稳定剂选用三盐基硫酸钡。
本实施例中的电缆外护套层的抗张强度为15.3N/mm2,断裂伸长率为320%。
本发明中的耐撕裂光伏电缆的抗撕裂强度测试,是将光伏电缆的外护套在拉力机上以一定速度拉伸至断裂时,所需拉断力与割口部位厚度之比,抗撕裂强度的计算方法如下式:
φs=P/n
式中φs---抗撕裂强度(公斤/厘米)
n---试样拉撕裂部位的厚度(厘米)
P---试样撕断时负荷(公斤)
以上述依据本发明的理想实施例为启示,通过上述的说明内容,相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内,进行多样的变更以及修改。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容,必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种耐撕裂光伏电缆,其特征在于:包括绝缘线芯和包覆在绝缘线芯外表面的外护套,所述外护套与绝缘线芯之间填充有柔性层,所述外护套包括涂布有耐腐蚀层的铠装层和包覆在铠装层外的护套层,所述铠装层的内表面上设置有若干凸棱,所述护套层的质量份组成如下:聚氯化乙烯100份、过氧化物硫化剂3.2-3.6份、三聚氰酸三烯丙酯2.8-3.0份、白炭黑和黑炭黑的混合物24-25份、碳酸钙50-55份、增塑剂10-12份、防老化剂8-12份、稳定剂8-10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐撕裂光伏电缆,其特征在于:所述若干凸棱等间距设置在铠装层的内表面上,每条凸棱为环状结构,所述若干凸棱与铠装层呈同心圆设置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐撕裂光伏电缆,其特征在于:所述若干凸棱等间距设置在铠装层的内表面上,每条凸棱为带状结构,所述若干凸棱沿铠装层的长度方向设置。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的一种耐撕裂光伏电缆,其特征在于:所述凸棱的横截面为梯形,所述凸棱的高度为铠装层厚度为1/2,所述凸棱的下底长度为铠装层的内径的1/6,所述凸棱的上底长度为铠装层的内径的1/8。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐撕裂光伏电缆,其特征在于:所述增塑剂选用邻苯二甲酸酯、石油磺酸酯的混合物,其质量比为1:1.2-1.5。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐撕裂光伏电缆,其特征在于:所述防老化剂选用RD防老剂,所述稳定剂选用三盐基硫酸钡。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐撕裂光伏电缆,其特征在于:所述铠装层的外表面设置有防滑纹,所述防滑纹的形状为菱形、s形、若干同心圆中的一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐撕裂光伏电缆,其特征在于:所述护套层的内表面有若干凸块,所述护套层与铠装层之间通过阻燃粘合剂连接。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐撕裂光伏电缆,其特征在于:所述柔性层的横截面为圆形,所述柔性层上开有若干贯通的绝缘线芯固定孔。
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