CN111410571A - Vertical composting device - Google Patents
Vertical composting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111410571A CN111410571A CN202010307401.7A CN202010307401A CN111410571A CN 111410571 A CN111410571 A CN 111410571A CN 202010307401 A CN202010307401 A CN 202010307401A CN 111410571 A CN111410571 A CN 111410571A
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- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007539 photo-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001877 deodorizing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001414987 Strepsiptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000000010 microbial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/02—Apparatus for the manufacture
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/84—Biological processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
- B01F27/90—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with paddles or arms
- B01F27/906—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with paddles or arms with fixed axis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a vertical composting device, which relates to the technical field of composting and comprises a barrel, a base, a stirring device and a self-refluxing device, wherein the barrel is arranged on the base, a top cover and a base plate of the barrel are respectively provided with a feeding hole and a discharging hole, the stirring device and the self-refluxing device are both arranged in the barrel, and the upper end and the lower end of the stirring device and the upper end and the lower end of the self-refluxing device are respectively fixed on the top cover and the base plate; the stirring device is used for stirring the materials in the barrel, and the self-refluxing device is used for conveying the materials from the bottom of the barrel to the top end. The invention can effectively reduce stirring energy consumption, improve stirring effect, realize the endogenous inoculation of reactor materials, reduce the dosage of exogenous inoculants, reduce inoculation cost and improve composting efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composting, in particular to a vertical composting device.
Background
The compost is prepared by taking various plant residues (crop straws, weeds, leaves, peat, garbage, other wastes and the like), livestock and poultry manure and other solid organic wastes as main raw materials, and realizing the harmlessness, volume reduction and decomposition of the materials through composting fermentation, wherein the composting is one of important ways for producing organic fertilizers. The composting forms are various, wherein containerized composting is increasingly adopted due to the advantages of high composting efficiency, small occupied area, strong controllability and the like.
The vertical cylindrical compost reactor is a typical containerized composting device and is widely applied to composting treatment of organic wastes such as livestock and poultry manure, household garbage, municipal sludge and the like at present. The composting reactor is provided with a central longitudinal stirring shaft, 2-4 layers of blades are arranged on the stirring shaft, the blades on the same layer are two or more blades which are symmetrically arranged, the middle shaft and the blades are hollow, the non-stressed surfaces of the blades are provided with exhaust holes and blade air passages, and are communicated with the middle shaft air passages through the blade air passages, external air can be input into materials of the reactor along the middle shaft, the blades and the exhaust holes through a high-pressure fan, oxygen is supplied to the composting materials, and aerobic fermentation is realized. Fresh materials are input into the composting reactor through feed inlets arranged at the top and upper part of the reactor. The bottom and the side lower part of the reactor are provided with discharge ports, and when the discharge ports are opened, the materials can be automatically or outwards output the decomposed materials of the reactor through a screw. Along with the discharge of the decomposed materials of the substrate, the materials in the reactor move downwards integrally, and the space vacated at the upper part can be used for continuously inputting fresh materials. The total fermentation period is generally 10-20 days from the time the material enters the reactor to the time the material is discharged from the bottom. The function of the stirrer: 1) mixing the materials; 2) the material bridge is damaged when the material goes down; 3) to supply air and oxygen or heat for the reactor material uniformly.
The central stirring shaft is fixed on the base and the top of the reactor through a bearing, is connected with the cylinder body into a whole through a transverse reinforcing rib, and is driven by a motor arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical reactor through a speed reducer chain wheel or a connecting rod through hydraulic pressure.
The existing vertical cylindrical compost reactor adopts a single-shaft design and has the advantages of simple design and manufacture; the defects are that:
firstly, the reactor has long blades, large torque during rotation, high requirements on the rigidity of the blades and a shaft and high energy consumption for operation; at present, the composting reactor is mainly used for composting and composting excrement in a large-scale livestock and poultry farm, the quantity of the excrement generated by the large-scale farm is several tons to dozens of tons every day, the height of the compost is generally not more than 4m in order to keep good air permeability of materials, the diameter of the reactor is required to be larger when the quantity of the excrement is more, the stirring stress (torque) of a stirrer and the diameter of a blade are in a 6-power exponential relationship, the stirring resistance is remarkably increased when the diameter of the blade is increased, and the maximum volume of a single reactor in the market reaches 140m3The diameter reaches 6.8 m. In order to realize smooth stirring of materials under such huge torque, the rotation speed of the reaction per hour is only 2-3 revolutions, so that the energy consumption is high and the stirring effect is poor. Therefore, it is difficult to make a single-body high-volume low-energy-consumption high-efficiency reactor with a single shaft design.
Secondly, lack the automatic mechanism that flows back to the top of the ripe material of bottom corruption, can't realize the ripe material of corruption backward flow inoculation automatically, rely on adjacent paddle stirring to produce the material displacement effect, lower floor's fermentation ejection of compact is difficult to return the upper strata, consequently needs the inoculation of continuous additional external source, just can reach better fermentation effect.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a new vertical composting apparatus to solve the above problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vertical composting device, which solves the problems in the prior art, can effectively reduce stirring energy consumption and improve stirring effect, can realize the endogenous inoculation of materials in a reactor, reduces the dosage of exogenous inoculants, reduces inoculation cost and improves composting efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a vertical composting device, which comprises a barrel, a base, a stirring device and a self-refluxing device, wherein the barrel is arranged on the base, a top cover and a base plate of the barrel are respectively provided with a feeding hole and a discharging hole, the stirring device and the self-refluxing device are both arranged in the barrel, and the upper end and the lower end of the stirring device and the upper end and the lower end of the self-refluxing device are respectively fixed on the top cover and the base plate; the stirring device comprises a stirring shaft and a plurality of blades, wherein the stirring shaft is provided with a plurality of blades in parallel, and the blades are arranged on the stirring shaft in pairs; the self-refluxing device is used for conveying materials from the bottom to the top of the cylinder body.
Preferably, the stirring device comprises a stirring shaft and a plurality of blades, the stirring shaft is arranged in parallel, and the blades are arranged on the stirring shaft in pairs.
Preferably, the self-refluxing device is a screw with a wall mounted in the cylinder, the lower part and the upper part of the screw with the wall are open, and the screw with the wall conveys materials from the bottom to the top of the cylinder when rotating; the wall-equipped screws are provided with a plurality of screws which are respectively arranged at the gaps among the stirring shafts.
Preferably, the cross section of the paddle is triangular, and rows of air holes are formed in a back plate of the paddle; the paddle and the stirring shaft are internally provided with inner cavities communicated with each other, and the air holes are communicated with the inner cavities of the paddle.
Preferably, the stirring device further comprises a heating fan, wherein the heating fan is arranged on the base and is communicated with the bottom of the stirring shaft through an air pipe.
Preferably, the bottom of the screw with wall and the stirring shaft passes through the bottom plate of the cylinder body downwards, and is connected with a driving device.
Preferably, the feed inlet with the discharge gate is square or rectangle, all be provided with the apron on feed inlet and the discharge gate, the feed inlet with discharge gate department is provided with feed arrangement and discharging device respectively.
Preferably, the feeding device adopts a lifter, and the lifter is provided with a lifting hopper; the discharging device adopts a belt conveyor, and the width of the belt conveyor is wider than that of the discharging hole.
Preferably, the deodorizing device is further included, an air outlet is formed in the top of the barrel and is connected with the deodorizing device through an air pipe, and an induced draft fan is arranged on the air pipe; the deodorization device adopts a tail gas washing tower which is additionally connected with a biological filter, a biological trickling filter or a photo-oxidation device.
Preferably, the system further comprises an electric control system, and the electric control system adopts a central control cabinet.
The invention can effectively reduce the stirring energy consumption which is about 23.9-38.9% of the original energy consumption, and improve the stirring effect; the decomposed material rich in high-temperature microorganisms at the bottom is automatically refluxed to the top end of the reactor by using the wall screw, so that the endogenous inoculation of the material of the reactor is realized, the consumption of exogenous inoculum is reduced, the inoculation cost is reduced, and the composting efficiency is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a vertical composting apparatus according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of a screw having a wall and a stirring shaft in the first embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of a screw having a wall and a stirring shaft in the second embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the screw with wall according to the present invention;
the device comprises a shell, a lifting hopper, a belt conveyor, a stirring shaft, blades, a screw rod with a wall and a base, wherein the shell is 1, the feeding hole is 2, the discharging hole is 3, the lifting machine is 4, the lifting hopper is 5, the belt conveyor is 6, the stirring shaft is 7, the blades are 8, the screw rod with a wall is 9, and the base is 10.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, the embodiment provides a vertical composting device, which includes a barrel 1, a base 10, a stirring device and a self-refluxing device, wherein the barrel 1 is installed on the base 10, a top cover and a bottom plate of the barrel 1 are respectively provided with a feeding port 2 and a discharging port 3, the stirring device and the self-refluxing device are both installed in the barrel 1, and the upper end and the lower end of the stirring device and the upper end and the lower end of the self-refluxing device are respectively fixed on the top cover and the bottom plate; the stirring device is used for stirring the materials in the barrel body 1, and the self-refluxing device is used for conveying the materials from the bottom to the top end of the barrel body 1.
In this embodiment, the cylinder 1 is a cylindrical cylinder 1, and the stirring shafts 7 are arranged in two, vertically parallel arrangement, or three, vertically arranged in an equilateral triangle; set up multiaxis mixing system in this embodiment, 8 diameters of paddle can shorten to one-half to one-third of 8 diameters of unipolar agitator paddle, and its stirring total torque will descend, has not only shown to reduce the stirring resistance, has reduced the stirring energy consumption, has kept great space for increasing the promotion of agitator rotational speed simultaneously, is particularly useful for large-scale compost reactor. Such as: 140m3Composting reaction, wherein the power of a driving motor of a stirrer in a single-shaft design is as high as 22KW, and the rotating speed is only 2-3 revolutions per hour, while if a three-shaft stirrer is adopted, the total driving power of the stirrer is 15KW, and the rotating speed can reach 30-60 revolutions per hour; as shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, three stirring shafts 7 are preferably provided, and blades 8 of adjacent stirring shafts 7 are staggered up and down to prevent mutual influence.
In this embodiment, the self-refluxing device is a screw 9 with a wall mounted inside the barrel 1, the lower part and the upper part of the screw 9 with a wall are open, and the screw 9 with a wall conveys materials from the bottom to the top of the barrel 1 when rotating; as shown in fig. 2, the number of the wall-equipped screws 9 is 3, and the 3 wall-equipped screws 9 are respectively arranged at the gaps of the 3 stirring shafts 7, so as to prevent the wall-equipped screws 9 and the stirring shafts 7 from influencing each other.
In this embodiment, the top end and the bottom end of the barrel 1 are respectively provided with a top cover and a bottom plate, and the upper end and the lower end of the wall-equipped screw 9 and the stirring shaft 7 are respectively rotatably mounted on the top cover and the bottom plate through bearings.
In this embodiment, the cross section of the blade 8 is triangular, and mainly includes two inclined plates and a back plate, and the blade has the advantage of triangular cross section: 1) when the blades 8 rotate, the front stress is converted into tangential stress, and the resistance is reduced; 2) a higher back plate without stress or with small stress can be formed at the rear part and is used for arranging the air outlet holes of the blades 8, and the air flow resistance is small and the air distribution is uniform. Wherein, paddle 8 is provided with 3-5 layers, and the quantity of each layer of paddle 8 can be adjusted as required.
Further, a back plate of the blade 8 is provided with rows of air holes; inner cavities communicated with each other are formed in the blades 8 and the stirring shaft 7, and the air holes are communicated with the inner cavities of the blades 8; rows of air holes are formed in the back side of each blade 8, the size of each air hole is 3-5mm, and the number of the 8 air holes of each blade is 5-10; the air hole function is to input the air input by the high pressure fan into the material of the cylinder 1 through the stirring shaft 7 and the blades 8 to supply oxygen for the material of the cylinder 1 to perform aerobic fermentation.
In this embodiment, the stirring device further comprises a heating fan, the heating fan is arranged on the base 10, the heating fan is communicated with the bottom of the stirring shaft 7 through an air pipe, the air pipe is connected with the bottom of the stirring shaft 7 through a pneumatic rotary joint, ventilation is realized while the stirring shaft 7 rotates, and the pneumatic rotary joint is selected from the prior art according to actual working requirements; wherein, the heating fan adopts a high pressure fan, and the air pressure is 40 KPa.
In this embodiment, the screw ridge width of the screw 9 with wall is 50-100mm, and the material in the lower part of the reactor can be transported from the lower end to the top by rotating the screw 9 with wall; the wall screw 9 has the function of conveying materials, the materials in positive rotation move from the bottom to the top, and the materials in negative rotation, in this embodiment, the wall screw 9 only rotates in positive rotation but does not rotate in negative rotation; the screw 9 with wall can also be selected from other spiral conveying structures, such as packing auger and the like. In this embodiment, through utensil wall screw rod 9 automatic reflux bottom rotten ripe material, can increase high temperature bacterial quantity and bacterial adaptability when reducing exogenous inoculation volume, be favorable to reducing bacterial use cost, high composting efficiency.
In the embodiment, the bottom of the screw rod 9 with the wall and the stirring shaft 7 passes through the bottom plate of the barrel 1 downwards, and is connected with a driving device; wherein, the driving device comprises a driving motor, and a screw rod 9 with a wall and a stirring shaft 7 are driven by the driving motor fixed on a base 10 to rotate; specifically, an output shaft of the driving motor is in transmission with the wall-equipped screw 9 or the stirring shaft 7 through a gear, a driving wheel is arranged on the output shaft of the driving motor, a driven wheel is arranged on the wall-equipped screw 9 or the stirring shaft 7, and the driven wheel is driven to rotate through the driving wheel, so that the wall-equipped screw 9 or the stirring shaft 7 rotates; wherein, every utensil wall screw rod 9 or (mixing) shaft 7 can all be connected a driving motor and drive, perhaps sets up two driving motors, and one is used for driving utensil wall screw rod 9, and another is used for driving (mixing) shaft 7, and a plurality of (mixing) shafts 7 or a plurality of utensil wall screw rods 9 between can carry out transmission connection through transmission structures such as sprocket.
In this embodiment, the feed inlet 2 and the discharge outlet 3 are both square or rectangular, and the sizes thereof may be the same, with the minimum side length of 600-; cover plates are arranged on the feed port 2 and the discharge port 3, the cover plates are driven by hydraulic rods, and the cover plates are driven by the hydraulic rods to rotate, so that the feed port 2 is opened and closed; wherein, the cover plate can be driven by other driving structures meeting the requirements.
In this embodiment, the feeding port 2 and the discharging port 3 are respectively provided with a feeding device and a discharging device.
Specifically, the feeding device adopts a lifting machine 4, and the lifting machine 4 is provided with a lifting hopper 5; the discharging device adopts a belt conveyor 6, and the width of the belt conveyor 6 is wider than that of the discharging port 3.
In this embodiment, the base 10 is a steel bar soil mixing base 10, the height is generally 600-1200mm, and the size of the base is not smaller than the bottom plate of the barrel 1, and the base is used for fixing the barrel 1 of the composting reactor.
In this embodiment, still including deodorizing device, the top of barrel 1 is provided with the air outlet, the air outlet passes through the tuber pipe and connects deodorizing device, deodorizing device have the draught fan, and deodorizing device is current tail gas scrubbing tower, connects in addition any one in biological filter, biological trickling filter, the light oxidation device.
In this embodiment, the deodorization device further comprises an electric control system, wherein the electric control system adopts a central control cabinet, is connected with each electrical component, and controls the stirring, the backflow, the feeding and discharging, the blowing, the air inlet heating, the air inducing and the deodorization system to start, operate and close.
The use process of the embodiment is as follows: the fermentation tank is used for the first time, firstly decomposed organic fertilizer or dry materials such as rice hulls, wood chips and straw powder and the like in a charging barrel with the volume of 2/5 are charged, and then fresh materials to be fermented equivalent to 1/2-1/10 in the volume of a barrel body 1 are quantitatively charged daily. Before feeding each time, the stirrer, the reflux device and the air blower are started, and when the feeding of the materials is finished, the reflux device can be closed. The stirring time and the ventilation time are determined according to the temperature of the materials in the fermentation cylinder, and the stirring or ventilation is required to be started when the temperature of the materials is lower than 50 ℃ or higher than 80 ℃. The discharge amount every day is determined according to the function positioning of the fermentation tower. For example, the method is used for deodorizing and harmless pretreatment of materials, and can be up to 80% of the amount of the raw materials of the fermentation cylinder per day; if the material decomposition device is used for finishing material decomposition at one time, the material discharge is not higher than 15% of the material volume of the barrel body 1 every day.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: after the materials are fed into a fermentation cylinder, the materials are mixed with decomposed backflow substances, high-temperature microorganism inoculation is carried out, high-temperature fresh air is fed through a blast system, high-temperature fermentation is carried out under the action of heat transmitted by the materials at the lower part in the cylinder, organic matters which are easy to degrade are degraded, pathogenic microorganisms and insect eggs in the organic matters are inactivated, malodorous substances are converted or volatilized, the materials are gradually decomposed, deodorized, dehydrated and dried, harmful organisms such as pathogenic bacteria, parasitic insect eggs and weed seeds die gradually, and the materials are harmless. When the materials run to the bottom material of the reactor, the composting decomposition and drying process is basically completed. However, when the reactor is only used for material pretreatment, the function of the reactor is only deodorization and harmless processes, and the materials need to be further decomposed and dried by adopting subsequent composting measures.
In the embodiment, the wall-equipped screw 9 automatically reflows the bottom decomposed materials, so that the number of high-temperature strains and the adaptability of the strains can be increased while the exogenous inoculation amount is reduced, the use cost of the strains is reduced, and the composting efficiency is improved; and the multi-shaft stirring is arranged, so that the diameter of the stirring blade 8 is obviously reduced, the stirring moment is obviously reduced, the energy consumption is about 23.9-38.9% of the original energy consumption, and the operation cost is reduced by more than 20%.
Example two
The embodiment is an improvement on the basis of the first embodiment, and the improvement is as follows: as shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the cylinder 1 is a cylinder 1 with a rectangular parallelepiped structure, a plurality of stirring shafts 7 are provided, and the plurality of stirring shafts 7 are arranged in the cylinder 1 side by side; specifically, 6 stirring shafts 7 can be arranged, and blades 8 of adjacent stirring shafts 7 are arranged in a vertically staggered manner to prevent mutual influence; and have wall screw 9 and be provided with 10, have wall screw 9 and set up between the clearance of adjacent (mixing) shaft 7, avoid having wall screw 9 and (mixing) shaft 7 to influence each other.
In the embodiment, a rectangular reactor design is adopted, so that an oversize composting reactor can be constructed, and the construction cost is saved.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A vertical composting device is characterized in that: the stirring device and the self-refluxing device are both arranged in the barrel, and the upper end and the lower end of the stirring device and the upper end and the lower end of the self-refluxing device are respectively fixed on the top cover and the bottom plate; the stirring device is used for stirring the materials in the barrel, and the self-refluxing device is used for conveying the materials from the bottom of the barrel to the top end.
2. The vertical composting apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the stirring device comprises a stirring shaft and a plurality of blades, wherein the stirring shaft is arranged in parallel, and the blades are arranged on the stirring shaft in pairs.
3. The vertical composting apparatus of claim 2 wherein: the self-refluxing device is a screw with a wall arranged in the cylinder, the lower part and the upper part of the screw with the wall are open, and the screw with the wall conveys materials from the bottom to the top of the cylinder when rotating; the wall-equipped screws are provided with a plurality of screws which are respectively arranged at the gaps among the stirring shafts.
4. The vertical composting apparatus of claim 3 wherein: the cross section of the paddle is triangular, and rows of air holes are formed in the back plate of the paddle; the paddle and the stirring shaft are internally provided with inner cavities communicated with each other, and the air holes are communicated with the inner cavities of the paddle.
5. The vertical composting apparatus of claim 4 wherein: the stirring device is characterized by further comprising a heating fan, wherein the heating fan is arranged on the base and is communicated with the bottom of the stirring shaft through an air pipe.
6. The vertical composting apparatus of claim 5 wherein: the bottom of the screw rod with the wall and the stirring shaft downwards penetrate through the bottom plate of the cylinder body and are connected with a driving device.
7. The vertical composting apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the feed inlet with the discharge gate is square or rectangle, all be provided with the apron on feed inlet and the discharge gate, the feed inlet with discharge gate department is provided with feed arrangement and discharging device respectively.
8. The vertical composting apparatus of claim 7 wherein: the feeding device adopts a lifter which is provided with a lifting hopper; the discharging device adopts a belt conveyor, and the width of the belt conveyor is wider than that of the discharging hole.
9. The vertical composting apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the deodorization device is characterized by further comprising a deodorization device, an air outlet is formed in the top of the barrel and is connected with the deodorization device through an air pipe, and an induced draft fan is arranged on the air pipe; the deodorization device adopts a tail gas washing tower which is additionally connected with a biological filter, a biological trickling filter or a photo-oxidation device.
10. The vertical composting apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the system also comprises an electric control system, wherein the electric control system adopts a central control cabinet.
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CN113929514A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-01-14 | 中国农业大学 | Dynamic compost fermentation system |
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