CN111410535A - 一种炭陶复合材料制备方法 - Google Patents

一种炭陶复合材料制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111410535A
CN111410535A CN201911282597.2A CN201911282597A CN111410535A CN 111410535 A CN111410535 A CN 111410535A CN 201911282597 A CN201911282597 A CN 201911282597A CN 111410535 A CN111410535 A CN 111410535A
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张宜国
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Sichuan Haicheng Carbon Products Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种炭陶复合材料其制备方法，其包括如下步骤：S1、将多孔氮化铝在低喹啉不溶物沥青中浸渍后碳化，制得包覆炭化多孔氮化铝预制料。S2、配料1：氮化铝预制料25‑35份，焦炭颗粒65‑75份添加剂2‑4组分；配料2：改质沥青；配料2：配料1＝37‑45份：100份；S3、混捏：将配料1与配料2搅拌混捏；S4、凉料、磨粉：S5、压型；S6、焙烧。采用本发明方法制备的炭陶复合材料增加产品体积密度，提高产品的导热率、抗压强度、抗折强度等机械强度；且生产工序少，生产周期短。

Description

一种炭陶复合材料制备方法
一、技术领域
技术方案所属的技术领域是炭陶复合材料制备工艺。
二、背景技术
(一)机械用炭具有优良的自润滑性，良好的抗化学腐蚀性，较 高的热导率和热稳定性，足够的机械强度，易于加工成各种几何形状 产品。广泛用于各种机械设备中，如：离心泵、潜水泵、化工反应釜、 水轮机、蒸汽煅烧炉等设备上的密封件，压缩机、制氧机、液氨泵等 机器上用的活塞环、导向环、衬套，屏蔽电机、潜水电机及其他机械 设备、仪表中的轴承等，真空压缩机、印刷机复合气泵、电动汽车刹 车泵等装置中的转子、旋片，化工设备中的安全爆破膜、板，卷烟设 备中的配气盘、弧形块等。现有的炭基材一般经过制粉、压制、焙烧、 浸渍沥青、焙烧等工序制备。为了增加炭材料的机械强度可采用浸渍 树脂或金属的方法，但即使这样制得的炭材料其导热率一般都在 15w/m·k以下，抗折强度≤60MPa，抗压强度≤180MPa。在一些高 转速、大承重、高温的工况条件下普通的机械用炭就无法满足使用要 求。
三、发明内容
本发明的目的是针对上述已有技术的不足，提供一种炭陶复合材 料及其制备方法。本发明的炭陶复合材料具有体积密度高、导热率高、 强度高、耐腐蚀性能好的特点。
为了解决上述问题，本发明的炭陶复合材料制备步骤如下：
S1、包覆炭化多孔氮化铝的预制：
A将多孔氮化铝在低喹啉不溶物沥青(喹啉不溶物含量为0.01 重量％-3重量％)中浸渍，浸渍工艺优选为：压力1.5mpa-2.0mpa， 浸渍温度120-150℃，浸渍时间1.5-2.5h。
在一定的压力下进行浸渍，浸渍效果好，浸渍时无需添加其他溶 剂，从而不需要对含有溶剂的预制料预处理。
B将浸渍后的多孔氮化铝在加热炉内炭化，制得包覆炭化多孔氮 化铝预制料。碳化工艺较佳为350-450℃，时间为1.5-5h。
S2、配料：称取以下质量组分原料
配料1(干料):氮化铝预制料25-35份，焦炭颗粒65-75份添 加剂2-4组分；
焦炭颗粒优选为石油焦和或针状焦；添加剂优选为二硫化钼；
配料2(粘结剂)：改质沥青；
配料2：配料1＝37-45份：100份
优选粘结剂为石油沥青、煤沥青或者煤沥青与中间相沥青的混合 物。
S3、混捏：将配料1与配料2在混捏锅中搅拌，配料2与配料1 的质量组分为37-45份：100份
混捏温度180-200℃，混捏时间90-120min；
优选先将配料1的全部物料倒入混捏锅中，在150-185℃温度条 件下进行干料混合搅拌，搅拌时间为50-70min；再将混合后的配料1 与溶化后的配料2混捏。将配料1干料预混合，可以避免配料1与配 料2粘接剂混捏时，分散不均匀，导致焙烧后产品中的孔隙分布不均 匀，影响产品的机械强度。
S4、凉料、磨粉：将混捏的糊料凉至室温，磨粉，磨粉粒度D50 为40-53μm。
S5、压型：
S6、焙烧：将压坯放入焙烧炉内，焙烧温度1100-1250℃，保温 3-5h；
本发明选用易石墨化的焦炭颗粒如石油焦或者针状焦做骨料，同 时添加一定数量的高导热率材料包覆炭化多孔氮化铝，采用本发明方 法制备的炭陶复合材料减少了制品的孔隙率和结构缺陷，增加产品体 积密度，提高产品的导热率、抗压强度、抗折强度等机械强度；且生 产工序少，生产周期短。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施 例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例 仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1：
实施例1-a、1-b包覆炭化多孔氮化铝的预制方法如下，预制工 艺见表1。
S1、将粒度分布D50为30-50μm的多孔氮化铝在低喹啉浸渍沥 青中浸渍。
B浸渍后沥青的多孔氮化铝在氮化炉内炭化，制得1-a、1-b包 覆炭化多孔氮化铝的预制料。
实施例2-3
炭陶复合材料制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、配料：按照表1的质量组分，分别配置干料和粘结剂。
配料1干料:氮化铝预制料，石油焦，二硫化钼；
配料2粘结剂：改质沥青；
S1、混捏：
干料混合：将配好的干料倒入混捏锅中，按照表2的工艺搅拌；
湿料混捏；将搅拌过的干料中加入温度为180-200℃的改质沥青， 在180-200℃温度条件下湿混，湿混时间为90-120min；
S4、凉料及磨粉：将步骤S3混捏的糊料送入凉片机，凉至室温， 然后用气流磨粉机磨粉，磨粉粒度D50为40-53μm，磨粉转速1250 转/min,电流45A,
S5、压型：将步骤S4所磨压粉倒入成型模具中，通过压机将料 粉压制成型，压型的单位压力为70-100MPa；
S6、焙烧：
表1包覆炭化多孔氮化铝的预制工艺
Figure BDA0002317176970000041
Figure BDA0002317176970000051
表2碳陶复合材料制备工艺
Figure BDA0002317176970000052
本发明实施例2-3所获得的炭陶复合材料与传统一次浸渍、两次 焙烧制备出的有关石墨电极标准的性能对比见表3。
表3
Figure BDA0002317176970000053
由上表可见，采用本发明的制备方法，所获得的炭陶复合材料具有高 导热率和高强度，特别适合在高转速、大承重、高温的工况条件下使用。 本发明制备的炭陶复合材料生产工序仅需要一次浸渍，一次焙烧，工序减 少，生产周期较常规生产周期缩短25天。
本发明并不局限于前述的具体实施方式。本发明扩展到任何在本 说明书中披露的新特征或任何新的组合，以及披露的任一新的方法或 过程的步骤或任何新的组合。

Claims (7)

1.一种炭陶复合材料其制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤
S1、包覆炭化多孔氮化铝的预制：
A将多孔氮化铝在低喹啉不溶物沥青中浸渍；
B将浸渍后的多孔氮化铝在加热炉内炭化，制得包覆炭化多孔氮化铝预制料。
S2、配料：称取以下质量组分原料
配料1干料:氮化铝预制料25-35份，焦炭颗粒65-75份添加剂2-4组分；
配料2粘结剂：改质沥青；配料2：配料1＝37-45份：100份；
S3、混捏：将配料1与配料2搅拌混捏，混捏温度180-200℃，混捏时间90-120min；
S4、凉料、磨粉：将混捏的糊料凉至室温，磨粉，磨粉粒度D50为40-53μm；
S5、压型：
S6、焙烧：将压坯放入焙烧炉内，焙烧温度1100-1250℃，保温3-5h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的炭陶复合材料其制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S1中A步骤，浸渍工艺为：压力1.5mpa-2.0mpa，浸渍温度120-150℃，浸渍时间1.5-2.5h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的炭陶复合材料其制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S1中B步骤，碳化工艺为350-450℃，时间为1.5-5h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的炭陶复合材料其制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S2中焦炭为石油焦和或针状焦；添加剂为二硫化钼。
5.根据权利要求1所述的炭陶复合材料其制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S2中添加剂为二硫化钼。
6.根据权利要求1所述的炭陶复合材料其制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S2中粘结剂为石油沥青、煤沥青或者煤沥青与中间相沥青的混合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的炭陶复合材料其制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S3中，先将配料1的全部物料倒入混捏锅中，在150-185℃温度条件下进行干料混合搅拌，搅拌时间为50-70min；再将混合后的配料1与配料2混捏，湿混温度180-200℃，混捏时间90-120min。
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