CN111408805B - Manufacturing process method of impeller in same furnace for brazing and performance heat treatment - Google Patents
Manufacturing process method of impeller in same furnace for brazing and performance heat treatment Download PDFInfo
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- CN111408805B CN111408805B CN202010148604.6A CN202010148604A CN111408805B CN 111408805 B CN111408805 B CN 111408805B CN 202010148604 A CN202010148604 A CN 202010148604A CN 111408805 B CN111408805 B CN 111408805B
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- impeller
- brazing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/008—Soldering within a furnace
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
- B23K1/206—Cleaning
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints
Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacturing process method of an impeller in the same furnace for brazing and performance heat treatment, which takes FV520B stainless steel as the impeller material of the impeller to braze to prepare the impeller; in the process method, the impeller is a small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller; the process method carries out brazing and performance heat treatment in the same vacuum furnace. The impeller manufacturing process method of the invention arranges the brazing and the performance heat treatment of the impeller in the same process execution method, the impeller directly completes the brazing and the quenching and tempering without discharging, the impeller does not discharge when the tempering process is executed, the tempering curve treatment is directly carried out in the vacuum brazing furnace, the process is simple, the cost is lower, and other complex process methods are replaced to manufacture the impeller.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of manufacturing of centrifugal compressor impellers, relates to brazing manufacturing impellers, and particularly relates to a manufacturing process method of an impeller in a furnace with brazing and performance heat treatment.
Background
Currently, in industrial manufacturing, centrifugal compressor impellers having small diameters and narrow flow passages are used more and more frequently. The impeller is generally manufactured by four methods, namely integral milling, two-body arc welding, electro-corrosion machining and brazing. The integral milling is suitable for the impeller with a relatively large flow passage size so as to meet the requirement that a machining cutter can enter, the impeller formed by the two-body arc welding method has relatively low size precision and higher electro-corrosion machining cost. The brazing method is one of the impeller manufacturing methods mainly adopted by the same industry due to the simple process flow and the advantage of low cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a manufacturing process method of an impeller in the same furnace for brazing and performance heat treatment, and solve the technical problems of complex manufacturing method and high cost of a small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a manufacturing process method of an impeller in the same furnace for brazing and performance heat treatment comprises the following steps:
the process method takes FV520B stainless steel as the impeller material of the impeller to braze to prepare the impeller;
the impeller in the process method is a small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller;
the process method carries out brazing and performance heat treatment in the same vacuum furnace.
The invention also has the following technical characteristics:
the same furnace process for brazing and performance heat treatment in the same vacuum furnace comprises the following steps: the pressure in the vacuum furnace is less than or equal to 6 multiplied by 10-2Pa; the brazing temperature is 980-1100 ℃; the quenching temperature is 880 +/-10 ℃; the tempering temperature is 610 +/-5 ℃.
Specifically, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, checking before brazing:
before brazing, buckling inspection is carried out on the wheel cover and the wheel disc, the wheel cover and the wheel disc are centered by adopting a centering tool, and the clearance between each blade and the wheel cover is not more than 0.05 mm;
step two, solder preparation:
adopting a hard paperboard or hard plastic to perform blade rubbing according to the shape of the blade, and expanding the edge of the blade rubbing at equal intervals of 2-4 mm outwards to form a brazing filler metal sample plate; scribing by using a brazing filler metal sample plate, shearing the brazing filler metal, and keeping the surface of the brazing filler metal smooth and free of wrinkles;
step three, cleaning before brazing:
the brazing filler metal and the impeller to be brazed are cleaned by acetone for the first time, and are cleaned by gasoline for the second time;
step four, mounting the impeller and brazing filler metal:
mounting brazing filler metal between the blades of the impeller and the wheel disc, and keeping the brazing filler metal fixed to obtain an assembled impeller;
step five, performing brazing and performance heat treatment in the same furnace:
placing the assembled impeller in a vacuum furnace, vacuumizing until the pressure in the vacuum furnace is less than or equal to 6 x 10-2Pa; and raising the temperature in the furnace to the brazing temperature, preserving heat for 30-60 minutes, then cooling to the quenching temperature, preserving heat for 2-4 hours, cooling to below 65 ℃ by adopting a quenching medium, heating to the tempering temperature, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, cooling to below 65 ℃ by adopting the quenching medium, and completing impeller brazing.
Preferably, the quenching is performedFire medium is 99% pure N2。
Specifically, the diameter of the small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller is less than or equal to 600mm, and the height of the flow channel air outlet edge is less than or equal to 20 mm.
Specifically, the impeller is prepared by brazing Au-based brazing filler metal, and the Au-based brazing filler metal is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 82% of Au and 18% of Ni.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the impeller manufacturing process method of the invention arranges the brazing and the performance heat treatment of the impeller in the same process execution method, the impeller directly completes the brazing and the quenching and tempering without discharging, the impeller does not discharge when the tempering process is executed, the tempering curve treatment is directly carried out in the vacuum brazing furnace, the process is simple, the cost is lower, and other complex process methods are replaced to manufacture the impeller.
As a key part which needs to be manufactured in a forming mode and has higher performance, the brazing process and the performance heat treatment process of the impeller are always key special processes in the manufacturing process. Compared with the process method that the impeller is brazed firstly and then the performance heat treatment is carried out after the impeller is taken out of the furnace to check the brazing is qualified, the process method of the invention saves more cost and period.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a small-diameter narrow-flow-passage centrifugal impeller.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the construction of the disk and blades.
FIG. 3 is a heat treatment process curve for brazing and property heat treatment in the same furnace.
The meaning of the individual reference symbols in the figures is: 1-wheel disc, 2-blade, 3-wheel cover, 4-air inlet edge and 5-air outlet edge.
The present invention will be explained in further detail with reference to examples.
Detailed Description
The small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller disclosed by the invention comprises a wheel disc 1, wherein a plurality of blades 2 with the same structure are distributed on the wheel disc 1 along the radial direction, and a wheel cover 3 covers the blades 2, as shown in fig. 1 to 2. One side of the blade 2, which is positioned at the center of the wheel disc 1, is an air inlet edge 4, and one side of the blade 2, which is positioned at the edge of the wheel disc 1, is an air outlet edge 5. Preferably, the number of blades is 19.
The small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller of the process method is a small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller which has the requirements of general corrosion medium resistance and strength between 690MPa and 800 MPa.
The small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller of the process method can not be milled integrally, and the requirement on the dimensional precision of the impeller is high.
The key of the process method in the manufacturing process is the determination of the brazing and performance heat treatment process specifications.
C-type ultrasonic inspection of the brazing seam: the required brazing rate is more than or equal to 95 percent.
Mechanical property test: the mechanical property of the material is detected by adopting a standard material tensile test method, all indexes are qualified, and the tensile strength of the mechanical property of the impeller material is required to be more than or equal to 690 Mpa.
The following embodiments of the present invention are provided, and it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and all equivalent changes based on the technical solutions of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a manufacturing process method of an impeller in the same furnace for brazing and performance heat treatment, which comprises the following steps:
the process method takes FV520B stainless steel as the impeller material of the impeller to braze to prepare the impeller;
in the process method, the impeller is a small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller;
the process method carries out brazing and performance heat treatment in the same vacuum furnace.
Specifically, the same furnace process for brazing and performance heat treatment in the same vacuum furnace comprises the following steps: the pressure in the vacuum furnace is less than or equal to 6 multiplied by 10-2Pa; the brazing temperature is 980-1100 ℃; the quenching temperature is 880 +/-10 ℃; the tempering temperature is 610 +/-5 ℃.
Specifically, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, checking before brazing:
before brazing, buckling inspection is carried out on the wheel cover and the wheel disc, the wheel cover and the wheel disc are centered by adopting a centering tool, and the clearance between each blade and the wheel cover is not more than 0.05 mm;
step two, solder preparation:
adopting a hard paperboard or hard plastic to perform blade rubbing according to the shape of the blade, and expanding the edge of the blade rubbing at equal intervals of 2-4 mm outwards to form a brazing filler metal sample plate; scribing by using a brazing filler metal sample plate, shearing the brazing filler metal, and keeping the surface of the brazing filler metal smooth and free of wrinkles;
step three, cleaning before brazing:
the brazing filler metal and the impeller to be brazed are cleaned by acetone for the first time, and cleaned by high-purity gasoline for the second time;
step four, mounting the impeller and brazing filler metal:
mounting brazing filler metal between the blades of the impeller and the wheel disc, and keeping the brazing filler metal fixed to obtain an assembled impeller;
step five, performing brazing and performance heat treatment in the same furnace:
placing the assembled impeller in a vacuum furnace, vacuumizing until the pressure in the vacuum furnace is less than or equal to 6 x 10-2Pa; and raising the temperature in the furnace to the brazing temperature, preserving heat for 30-60 minutes, then cooling to the quenching temperature, preserving heat for 2-4 hours, rapidly cooling to below 65 ℃ by adopting a quenching medium, then heating to the tempering temperature, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, rapidly cooling to below 65 ℃ by adopting the quenching medium, and completing impeller brazing.
Preferably, the quench medium is 99% pure N2。
As a preferred ion for step five, the same furnace process of brazing and property heat treatment in the same vacuum furnace is performed according to the heat treatment process curve of brazing and property heat treatment in the same furnace as shown in FIG. 3.
Further, the impeller can be preheated to 700 +/-10 ℃ before the temperature in the furnace is increased to the brazing temperature, so that the impeller is heated more uniformly.
Specifically, the quenching medium is adopted to cool rapidly in a specific process of adopting a quenching medium fan, and the inflation pressure is 0.15MPa +/-0.05 MPa.
Specifically, the diameter of the small-diameter narrow-runner centrifugal impeller is less than or equal to 600mm, and the height of the runner air outlet edge is less than or equal to 20 mm.
Specifically, the impeller is prepared by brazing Au-based brazing filler metal, and the Au-based brazing filler metal is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 82% of Au and 18% of Ni.
The small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller welded in the embodiment is qualified and successfully welded through the detection of brazing seam C-type ultrasonic inspection and mechanical property tests.
Comparative example 1:
this comparative example shows a process for manufacturing an impeller without using the same furnace for brazing and for performance heat treatment, which differs from example 1 mainly in that: in this comparative example, the temperature reduction and tapping were performed between brazing, quenching and tempering, respectively.
The impeller material, impeller structure, brazing filler metal and quenching medium of this comparative example were the same as those of example 1.
Specifically, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, checking before brazing:
same as in step one of example 1.
Step two, solder preparation:
same as in step two of example 1.
Step three, cleaning before brazing:
same as in step three of example 1.
Step four, mounting the impeller and brazing filler metal:
same as in step four of example 1.
Step five, brazing:
placing the assembled impeller in a vacuum furnace, vacuumizing until the pressure in the vacuum furnace is less than or equal to 6 x 10-2Pa; raising the temperature in the furnace to 980-1100 ℃, preserving the heat for 30-60 minutes, then rapidly cooling to below 65 ℃ by adopting a quenching medium, and discharging;
step six, quenching:
will pass throughPlacing the brazed impeller into a vacuum furnace for remelting, and vacuumizing until the pressure in the vacuum furnace is less than or equal to 6 multiplied by 10- 2Pa; raising the temperature in the furnace to 880 +/-10 ℃, preserving the heat for 2-4 hours, rapidly cooling to below 65 ℃ by adopting a quenching medium, and discharging;
step seven, tempering:
and putting the quenched impeller into a well type furnace again for remelting, heating to the tempering temperature of 610 +/-5 ℃ under normal pressure, preserving the heat for 2-3 hours, rapidly cooling to the temperature below 65 ℃ by adopting a quenching medium, and finishing impeller brazing.
And C-type ultrasonic method is adopted for inspection, and the brazing rate is less than 95% as a result, which indicates that the brazing is unsuccessful.
The impeller is welded for the second time by adopting the method of the comparative example, the second brazing of the comparative example is successful, and the brazing rate is not less than 95 percent by the inspection of a C-type ultrasonic method. The tensile strength of the material is more than or equal to 690 Mpa. But the first brazing is unqualified, so that the impeller is re-brazed and the performance heat treatment is carried out, and the period is prolonged by 4-6 days. For the second successful brazing, although the welding process is successful, the C-type ultrasonic method is used for testing, and the brazing rate is more than or equal to 95%. The tensile strength of the material is more than or equal to 650 Mpa. In the comparative example, the period of the impeller discharging after brazing, the time of charging and vacuumizing in the vacuum furnace and the time of turning the impeller are prolonged by at least 5-8 hours compared with that of the embodiment 1.
As can be seen from the comparison between the comparative example 1 and the example 1, in the impeller brazing forming process, the brazing and the performance heat treatment in different furnaces are longer in period and higher in cost compared with the brazing and the performance heat treatment in the same furnace. According to the process execution of the same-furnace brazing and the heat treatment, the impeller forming can be completed with low cost and short period.
Claims (3)
1. The manufacturing process method of the impeller with the same furnace for brazing and performance heat treatment is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, checking before brazing:
before brazing, buckling inspection is carried out on the wheel cover and the wheel disc, the wheel cover and the wheel disc are centered by adopting a centering tool, and the clearance between each blade and the wheel cover is not more than 0.05 mm;
step two, solder preparation:
adopting a hard paperboard or hard plastic to perform blade rubbing according to the shape of the blade, and expanding the edge of the blade rubbing at equal intervals of 2-4 mm outwards to form a brazing filler metal sample plate; scribing by using a brazing filler metal sample plate, shearing the brazing filler metal, and keeping the surface of the brazing filler metal smooth and free of wrinkles;
step three, cleaning before brazing:
the brazing filler metal and the impeller to be brazed are cleaned by acetone for the first time, and are cleaned by gasoline for the second time;
step four, mounting the impeller and brazing filler metal:
mounting brazing filler metal between the blades of the impeller and the wheel disc, and keeping the brazing filler metal fixed to obtain an assembled impeller;
the process method takes FV520B stainless steel as the impeller material of the impeller to braze to prepare the impeller;
the impeller in the process method is a small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller, the diameter of the small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller is less than or equal to 600mm, and the air outlet edge of the flow channel is less than or equal to 20 mm;
step five, performing brazing and performance heat treatment in the same furnace:
the process method carries out brazing and performance heat treatment in the same vacuum furnace, and the same furnace process of carrying out brazing and performance heat treatment in the same vacuum furnace comprises the following steps: the pressure in the vacuum furnace is less than or equal to 6 multiplied by 10-2Pa; the brazing temperature is 980-1100 ℃; the quenching temperature is 880 +/-10 ℃; the tempering temperature is 610 +/-5 ℃;
placing the assembled impeller in a vacuum furnace, vacuumizing until the pressure in the vacuum furnace is less than or equal to 6 x 10-2Pa; and raising the temperature in the furnace to the brazing temperature, preserving heat for 30-60 minutes, then cooling to the quenching temperature, preserving heat for 2-4 hours, cooling to below 65 ℃ by adopting a quenching medium, heating to the tempering temperature, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, cooling to below 65 ℃ by adopting the quenching medium, and completing impeller brazing.
2. The method for manufacturing an impeller of the same furnace for brazing and performance heat treatment as set forth in claim 1,the quenching medium is N with the purity of 99 percent2。
3. The impeller manufacturing process method of the same furnace for brazing and performance heat treatment as the claim 1, wherein the impeller is manufactured by brazing Au-based brazing filler metal, and the Au-based brazing filler metal is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 82% of Au and 18% of Ni.
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| CN115007959B (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2023-10-20 | 西安陕鼓动力股份有限公司 | Method for improving vacuum brazing forming precision of centrifugal compressor impeller |
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