CN112281063A - Preparation method of steel plate for forklift manufacturing - Google Patents

Preparation method of steel plate for forklift manufacturing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112281063A
CN112281063A CN202011165884.8A CN202011165884A CN112281063A CN 112281063 A CN112281063 A CN 112281063A CN 202011165884 A CN202011165884 A CN 202011165884A CN 112281063 A CN112281063 A CN 112281063A
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steel plate
manufacturing
treatment
forklift
flash explosion
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CN202011165884.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
周祥
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Anhui Anshun Forklift Manufacturing Co ltd
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Anhui Anshun Forklift Manufacturing Co ltd
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Priority to CN202011165884.8A priority Critical patent/CN112281063A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a steel plate for manufacturing a forklift, belonging to the technical field of steel plate processing and comprising the following steps of: (1) weighing raw materials; (2) high-pressure blending; (3) continuous flash explosion; (4) smelting; (5) and (5) forging. The steel plate prepared by the method has excellent wear resistance, the wear loss does not have a rapid growth trend along with the increase of the impact time, the performance is stable, and the service life of the steel plate is effectively prolonged.

Description

Preparation method of steel plate for forklift manufacturing
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel plate manufacturing and processing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a steel plate for forklift manufacturing.
Background
The forklift needs to use a large amount of steel materials in the production and manufacturing process, and low-alloy high-strength wear-resistant steel is used as high-strength alloy steel, and the strength of the forklift is higher, and the strength of the forklift is increased along with the further increase of the hardness grade, so that the plasticity and the initial property of the steel materials are inevitably reduced. The reduction of the plasticity and the mother-of-pearl property reduces the stress impact resistance of the steel, so that stress cracks are easy to occur and are easy to expand, and the wear resistance of the steel is reduced. For high strength steel such as low alloy high strength wear resistant steel, reducing non-metallic inclusions in the steel is one of the main ways to improve the toughness of the steel. The currently adopted technical approaches mainly comprise external refining, vacuum redissolution, electric clarification and the like scrupulously and respectfully. The domestic and foreign researches on make internal disorder or usurp show that after the steel precipitation is treated by electro-precipitation to scrupulously and respectfully, the inclusion content is low, the cleanliness is high, the structure is compact, and a good foundation can be provided for obtaining high strength and toughness of low-alloy high-strength wear-resistant steel. However, in the preparation of steel, some impurities are inevitably doped, so that the improvement of the wear resistance of steel by this method is very limited. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new method for improving the wear resistance of the steel sheet suitable for popularization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a steel plate for manufacturing a forklift, and aims to overcome the defects in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a steel plate for manufacturing a forklift comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing raw materials:
weighing 1-1.5% of Ni, 0.3-0.4% of C, 0.7-0.8% of Si, 0.1-0.16% of Ti, 0.07-0.09% of Al, 0.3-0.4% of Cr, 0.65-0.75% of Mo, 2-2.4% of Mn, 0.04-0.05% of Cu, 0.004-0.006% of Cd, 0.07-0.09% of O, 0.1-0.14% of N, and the balance of Fe and impurities by corresponding weight percentage for later use;
(2) high-pressure blending:
placing the raw materials weighed in the step (1) together in a micro-jet high-pressure homogenizer for homogenization treatment, and taking out a mixture A for later use;
(3) continuous flash explosion:
placing the mixture A obtained in the step (2) in a continuous screw flash explosion machine for continuous flash explosion treatment, and taking out the mixture B for later use after the continuous flash explosion treatment is finished;
(4) smelting:
putting the mixture B obtained in the step (3) into a vacuum induction furnace for smelting, and performing electron beam irradiation treatment while smelting to obtain a melt for later use;
(5) forging:
and (4) casting the melt obtained in the step (4) into a steel ingot, heating the steel ingot to 1300-1400 ℃, preserving heat for 3-4 h, and then forging, wherein ultrasonic treatment with specific frequency is carried out while casting.
Further, the working pressure is controlled to be 90-120 MPa during the homogenization treatment in the step (2).
Further, the rotating speed of the screw is controlled to be 900-1000 rpm during continuous flash explosion treatment in the step (3), and the flash explosion frequency is controlled to be 11-17 times.
Further, the smelting vacuum degree in the step (4) is 8-14 Pa.
Further, the dose of the electron beam irradiation in the step (4) is 3-4 multiplied by 107rad/s。
Further, the forging in the step (5) is carried out while controlling the initial forging temperature to be 1200-1240 ℃ and the final forging temperature to be 900-1000 ℃.
Further, the ultrasonic wave with the specific frequency in the step (5) is controlled to have a frequency of 100-200 kHz.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention improves the application defects of the prior steel plate and the defects of the prior improving method to a great extent, the steel plate prepared by the method has excellent wear resistance, the wear amount does not have a rapid growth trend along with the increase of the impact time, and the performance is stable. Firstly, placing raw materials in a microjet high-pressure homogenizer for high-pressure homogenization treatment, carrying out high-speed collision, high-frequency oscillation, instantaneous pressure drop, strong shearing, cavitation and other actions on the raw materials in an oscillation reaction cavity, changing the physical and chemical properties of the raw materials to a certain extent, promoting the fusion and combination of the raw materials, then carrying out continuous flash explosion treatment, further refining the raw materials by utilizing the principle of continuous flash explosion, breaking the net-shaped and sheet-shaped structures of impurities, improving the uniform continuity of a steel matrix, dispersing stress, avoiding the generation of micro-crack nucleation, avoiding the breakage of the materials and improving the wear resistance of the materials; smelting under the synergistic action of electron beam irradiation treatment, performing high-temperature condition, melting raw materials, releasing atoms in impacted molecules due to the loss of the radiation energy of the incident electron beam, exciting the atoms, forming a certain amount of active free radicals on a molecular chain framework, and further refining grains and improving the wear resistance of a finished product due to the breakage of covalent bonds and secondary bonds caused by the large steric hindrance of the radicals; finally, forging is carried out, ultrasonic treatment is carried out simultaneously, the melt can cause the change of various physical fields in the melt after undergoing main effects such as cavitation, acoustic flow and the like, and further special effects are generated on the melt, crystal grains are refined, the structure is homogenized, and therefore the wear resistance of the steel plate is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing wear resistance tests of some examples of embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of a steel plate for manufacturing a forklift comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing raw materials:
weighing 1% of Ni, 0.3% of C, 0.7% of Si, 0.1% of Ti, 0.07% of Al, 0.3% of Cr, 0.65% of Mo, 2% of Mn, 0.04% of Cu, 0.004% of Cd, 0.07% of O, 0.1% of N and the balance of Fe and impurities for later use;
(2) high-pressure blending:
placing the raw materials weighed in the step (1) together in a micro-jet high-pressure homogenizer for homogenization treatment, and taking out a mixture A for later use;
(3) continuous flash explosion:
placing the mixture A obtained in the step (2) in a continuous screw flash explosion machine for continuous flash explosion treatment, and taking out the mixture B for later use after the continuous flash explosion treatment is finished;
(4) smelting:
putting the mixture B obtained in the step (3) into a vacuum induction furnace for smelting, and performing electron beam irradiation treatment while smelting to obtain a melt for later use;
(5) forging:
and (4) casting the melt obtained in the step (4) into a steel ingot, heating the steel ingot to 1300 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and then forging, wherein ultrasonic treatment with specific frequency is carried out while casting.
And (3) controlling the working pressure to be 90MPa during the homogenization treatment in the step (2).
And (4) controlling the rotating speed of the screw to be 900rpm during continuous flash explosion treatment in the step (3), wherein the flash explosion times are 11 times.
The smelting vacuum degree in the step (4) is 8 Pa.
The dose of the electron beam irradiation in the step (4) is 3X 107rad/s。
And (5) controlling the initial forging temperature to be 1200 ℃ and the final forging temperature to be 900 ℃ during forging.
And (5) controlling the frequency of the ultrasonic waves to be 100kHz during the ultrasonic treatment of the specific frequency.
Example 2
A preparation method of a steel plate for manufacturing a forklift comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing raw materials:
weighing 1.25% of Ni, 0.35% of C, 0.75% of Si, 0.13% of Ti, 0.08% of Al, 0.3-0.4% of Cr, 0.7% of Mo, 2.2% of Mn, 0.045% of Cu, 0.005% of Cd, 0.08% of O, 0.12% of N and the balance of Fe and impurities by weight percentage for later use;
(2) high-pressure blending:
placing the raw materials weighed in the step (1) together in a micro-jet high-pressure homogenizer for homogenization treatment, and taking out a mixture A for later use;
(3) continuous flash explosion:
placing the mixture A obtained in the step (2) in a continuous screw flash explosion machine for continuous flash explosion treatment, and taking out the mixture B for later use after the continuous flash explosion treatment is finished;
(4) smelting:
putting the mixture B obtained in the step (3) into a vacuum induction furnace for smelting, and performing electron beam irradiation treatment while smelting to obtain a melt for later use;
(5) forging:
and (4) casting the melt obtained in the step (4) into a steel ingot, heating the steel ingot to 1350 ℃, preserving heat for 3-4 hours, and then forging, wherein ultrasonic treatment with specific frequency is carried out while casting.
And (3) controlling the working pressure to be 105MPa during the homogenization treatment in the step (2).
And (4) controlling the rotating speed of the screw to be 950rpm during the continuous flash explosion treatment in the step (3), wherein the flash explosion frequency is 14 times.
The smelting vacuum degree in the step (4) is 11 Pa.
The dose of the electron beam irradiation in the step (4) is 3.5X 107rad/s。
And (5) controlling the initial forging temperature to be 1220 ℃ and the final forging temperature to be 950 ℃ during forging.
And (5) controlling the frequency of the ultrasonic waves to be 150kHz during the ultrasonic treatment of the specific frequency.
Example 3
A preparation method of a steel plate for manufacturing a forklift comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing raw materials:
weighing 1.5 percent of Ni, 0.4 percent of C, 0.8 percent of Si, 0.16 percent of Ti, 0.09 percent of Al, 0.4 percent of Cr, 0.75 percent of Mo, 2.4 percent of Mn, 0.05 percent of Cu, 0.006 percent of Cd, 0.09 percent of O, 0.14 percent of N, and the balance of Fe and impurities for later use;
(2) high-pressure blending:
placing the raw materials weighed in the step (1) together in a micro-jet high-pressure homogenizer for homogenization treatment, and taking out a mixture A for later use;
(3) continuous flash explosion:
placing the mixture A obtained in the step (2) in a continuous screw flash explosion machine for continuous flash explosion treatment, and taking out the mixture B for later use after the continuous flash explosion treatment is finished;
(4) smelting:
putting the mixture B obtained in the step (3) into a vacuum induction furnace for smelting, and performing electron beam irradiation treatment while smelting to obtain a melt for later use;
(5) forging:
and (4) casting the melt obtained in the step (4) into a steel ingot, heating the steel ingot to 1400 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, and then forging, wherein ultrasonic treatment with specific frequency is carried out while casting.
And (3) controlling the working pressure to be 120MPa during the homogenization treatment in the step (2).
And (4) controlling the rotating speed of the screw to be 1000rpm during continuous flash explosion treatment in the step (3), wherein the flash explosion times are 17 times.
The smelting vacuum degree in the step (4) is 14 Pa.
The dose of the electron beam irradiation in the step (4) is 4X 107rad/s。
And (5) controlling the initial forging temperature to be 1240 ℃ and the final forging temperature to be 1000 ℃ during forging.
And (5) controlling the frequency of the ultrasonic waves to be 200kHz during the ultrasonic treatment of the specific frequency.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example 1 compared to example 2, the whole process of high pressure blending of step (2) was omitted except that the process steps were the same.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example 2 was compared with example 2, omitting the whole process of the continuous flash explosion of step (3), except that the process steps were the same.
Comparative example 3
In this comparative example 3, compared with example 2, in the step (4) of melting, the operation of electron beam irradiation treatment was omitted, except that the other steps of the method were the same.
Comparative example 4
In this comparative example 4, compared with example 2, the ultrasonic treatment operation was omitted in the forging in the step (5), except for the same method steps.
Control group
The application numbers are: CN201810917115.5 discloses an impact-resistant and wear-resistant composite steel plate. Reference is made in detail to the method of example 5 of this detailed description of the invention.
In order to compare the effects of the invention, steel plates are prepared by the methods of example 2, comparative examples 1-4 and a control group respectively, then the abrasion loss mass of each group of produced steel plates is measured simultaneously, a Mettlerlington multi-balance LE104E/LE204E precision electronic balance analytical balance is adopted, the precision of the equipment is 0.1mg, and after the test machine is impacted for different times, the test machine is placed in a drying vessel called silica gel to prevent the error of the experimental material caused by the oxidation of air moisture. After the sample is taken out of a drying vessel, the worn sample is cleaned in ultrasonic waves for more than 30 minutes by using an absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone solution, a worn surface is cleaned by using a light brush, stains are removed, mainly abrasive materials on the worn sample are removed, after weighing and recording are finished, comprehensive quantitative comparison is carried out on the wear resistance of the wear amount, each group of tests are carried out by 6 parallel tests, and the average value is taken as the final test result. Specific experimental comparison data are shown in table 1 below.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the steel plate prepared by the method of the invention has excellent wear resistance, and the wear amount does not have a rapid growth trend along with the extension of the impact time, i.e. the bearing prepared by the method has stable performance and effectively prolongs the service life.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments, and all the modifications and equivalents of the embodiments may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The preparation method of the steel plate for manufacturing the forklift is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) weighing raw materials:
weighing 1-1.5% of Ni, 0.3-0.4% of C, 0.7-0.8% of Si, 0.1-0.16% of Ti, 0.07-0.09% of Al, 0.3-0.4% of Cr, 0.65-0.75% of Mo, 2-2.4% of Mn, 0.04-0.05% of Cu, 0.004-0.006% of Cd, 0.07-0.09% of O, 0.1-0.14% of N, and the balance of Fe and impurities by corresponding weight percentage for later use;
(2) high-pressure blending:
placing the raw materials weighed in the step (1) together in a micro-jet high-pressure homogenizer for homogenization treatment, and taking out a mixture A for later use;
(3) continuous flash explosion:
placing the mixture A obtained in the step (2) in a continuous screw flash explosion machine for continuous flash explosion treatment, and taking out the mixture B for later use after the continuous flash explosion treatment is finished;
(4) smelting:
putting the mixture B obtained in the step (3) into a vacuum induction furnace for smelting, and performing electron beam irradiation treatment while smelting to obtain a melt for later use;
(5) forging:
and (4) casting the melt obtained in the step (4) into a steel ingot, heating the steel ingot to 1300-1400 ℃, preserving heat for 3-4 h, and then forging, wherein ultrasonic treatment with specific frequency is carried out while casting.
2. The method for manufacturing a steel plate for forklift manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the working pressure during the homogenization treatment in the step (2) is controlled to be 90 to 120 MPa.
3. The method for preparing the steel plate for manufacturing the forklift according to claim 1, wherein the screw rotation speed is controlled to be 900-1000 rpm and the flash explosion frequency is controlled to be 11-17 times during the continuous flash explosion treatment in the step (3).
4. The method for preparing the steel plate for manufacturing the forklift as recited in claim 1, wherein the smelting vacuum degree in the step (4) is 8-14 Pa.
5. The method for manufacturing a steel plate for forklift manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the dose of the electron beam irradiation in the step (4) is 3 to 4 x 107rad/s。
6. The method for preparing the steel plate for manufacturing the forklift according to claim 1, wherein the forging in the step (5) is performed at a controlled initial forging temperature of 1200-1240 ℃ and a controlled final forging temperature of 900-1000 ℃.
7. The method for producing a steel sheet for use in the production of a forklift according to claim 1, wherein the specific frequency ultrasonic treatment in the step (5) is performed while controlling the frequency of the ultrasonic wave to 100 to 200 kHz.
CN202011165884.8A 2020-10-27 2020-10-27 Preparation method of steel plate for forklift manufacturing Withdrawn CN112281063A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113981298A (en) * 2021-09-11 2022-01-28 绩溪麦克威自动化科技有限公司 Preparation process of die forging sliding frame

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113981298A (en) * 2021-09-11 2022-01-28 绩溪麦克威自动化科技有限公司 Preparation process of die forging sliding frame

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Application publication date: 20210129