CN111360351A - Process method for brazing Cr13 stainless steel impeller by Au-based brazing filler metal - Google Patents
Process method for brazing Cr13 stainless steel impeller by Au-based brazing filler metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN111360351A CN111360351A CN202010148603.1A CN202010148603A CN111360351A CN 111360351 A CN111360351 A CN 111360351A CN 202010148603 A CN202010148603 A CN 202010148603A CN 111360351 A CN111360351 A CN 111360351A
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- brazing
- impeller
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- brazing filler
- stainless steel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/008—Soldering within a furnace
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
- B23K1/206—Cleaning
Abstract
The invention discloses a process method for brazing Cr13 stainless steel impeller by using Au-based brazing filler metal, which comprises the following steps: the process method takes Cr13 stainless steel as the impeller material of the impeller; the process method is characterized in that the impeller is prepared by brazing Au-based brazing filler metal, and the Au-based brazing filler metal is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-85% of Au, 15-20% of Ni, and the sum of the weight parts of the raw materials is 100%; the impeller in the process method is a small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller. The impeller material and brazing filler metal combined brazing method provided by the invention has the advantages that the Au-based brazing filler metal brazed Cr13 stainless steel impeller with simple process and low cost is adopted to replace other materials or process methods to manufacture the impeller, the impeller manufacturing method with low cost and reliable quality is realized, and the impeller manufactured by the process method has many requirements in the process industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of centrifugal compressor impeller manufacturing, relates to impeller manufacturing by brazing, and particularly relates to a technological method for brazing Cr13 stainless steel impeller by Au-based brazing filler metal.
Background
Currently, in industrial manufacturing, centrifugal compressor impellers having small diameters and narrow flow passages are used more and more frequently. The impeller is generally manufactured by four methods, namely integral milling, two-body arc welding, electro-corrosion machining and brazing.
The integral milling is suitable for the impeller with a relatively large flow passage size so as to meet the requirement that a machining cutter can enter, the impeller formed by the two-body arc welding method has relatively low size precision and higher electro-corrosion machining cost.
The brazed impeller is brazed by mostly adopting precipitation hardening stainless steel (corrosive medium) or alloy steel material (air medium) and matching with nickel-based brazing filler metal, gold-based brazing filler metal or other brazing filler metals, the precipitation hardening stainless steel has higher cost and higher strength, the strength of the general corrosive medium is too high, the process is too complex, and the alloy steel material can not bear the requirement of the corrosive medium.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a process method for brazing Cr13 stainless steel impeller by using Au-based brazing filler metal, and solve the technical problems of complex manufacturing method and high cost of a general corrosive medium impeller in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a process method for brazing Cr13 stainless steel impeller by Au-based brazing filler metal comprises the following steps:
the process method takes Cr13 stainless steel as the impeller material of the impeller;
the process method is characterized in that the impeller is prepared by brazing Au-based brazing filler metal, and the Au-based brazing filler metal is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-85% of Au, 15-20% of Ni, and the sum of the weight parts of the raw materials is 100%;
the impeller in the process method is a small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller.
Specifically, the brazing in the process method adopts a vacuum brazing method, and the process parameters of the vacuum brazing method are that the pressure in a vacuum furnace is 5 × 10-3Pa～5×10-2Pa, and the brazing temperature is 980-1050 ℃.
Specifically, the performance heat treatment process in the process method adopts a gas quenching tempering process for quenching and tempering, and the specific quenching and tempering process parameters are as follows: the quenching temperature is 880 +/-5 ℃, and the tempering temperature is 620 +/-5 ℃.
Specifically, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, checking before brazing:
before brazing, buckling inspection is carried out on the wheel cover and the wheel disc, the wheel cover and the wheel disc are centered by adopting a centering tool, and the clearance between each blade and the wheel cover is not more than 0.05 mm;
step two, solder preparation:
the brazing filler metal is arranged into a strip-shaped film, the span of the brazing filler metal is 150mm, the thickness of the brazing filler metal is 0.05mm, and the brazing filler metal is sheared according to the shape of blades of the impeller;
step three, cleaning before brazing:
the brazing filler metal and the impeller to be brazed are cleaned by acetone for the first time, and are cleaned by gas oil for the second time;
step four, mounting the impeller and brazing filler metal:
mounting brazing filler metal between the blades of the impeller and the wheel disc, and keeping the brazing filler metal fixed to obtain an assembled impeller;
step five, brazing:
placing the assembled impeller in a vacuum furnace, and vacuumizing to the pressure of 5 × 10 in the vacuum furnace-3Pa～5×10-2Pa, maintaining the pressure in the vacuum furnace, raising the temperature in the vacuum furnace to the brazing temperature, preserving the heat for 30-60 minutes, and then cooling to the quenching temperature;
step six, performance heat treatment:
when the temperature in the vacuum furnace reaches the quenching temperature, preserving the heat for 2-4 hours, cooling to below 65 ℃ by adopting a quenching medium, and discharging; and transferring the quenched impeller to a normal-pressure pit furnace, heating the pit furnace to a tempering temperature, preserving heat for 6-8 hours, cooling to below 65 ℃, and finishing impeller brazing.
Preferably, the quenching medium is N with the purity of 99 percent2。
Specifically, the diameter of the small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller is less than or equal to 600mm, and the height of the flow channel air outlet edge is less than or equal to 20 mm.
Preferably, the Au-based solder is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 82% of Au and 18% of Ni.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the impeller material and brazing filler metal combined brazing method provided by the invention has the advantages that the Au-based brazing filler metal brazed Cr13 stainless steel impeller with simple process and low cost is adopted to replace other materials or process methods to manufacture the impeller, the impeller manufacturing method with low cost and reliable quality is realized, and the impeller manufactured by the process method has many requirements in the process industry.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a small-diameter narrow-flow-passage centrifugal impeller.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the construction of the disk and blades.
The meaning of the individual reference symbols in the figures is: 1-wheel disc, 2-blade, 3-wheel cover, 4-air inlet edge and 5-air outlet edge.
The present invention will be explained in further detail with reference to examples.
Detailed Description
The small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller disclosed by the invention comprises a wheel disc 1, wherein a plurality of blades 2 with the same structure are distributed on the wheel disc 1 along the radial direction, and a wheel cover 3 covers the blades 2, as shown in fig. 1 to 2. One side of the blade 2, which is positioned at the center of the wheel disc 1, is an air inlet edge 4, and one side of the blade 2, which is positioned at the edge of the wheel disc 1, is an air outlet edge 5. Preferably, the number of blades is 19.
The small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller of the process method is a small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller which has the requirements of general corrosion medium resistance and strength between 650MPa and 800 MPa.
The small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller of the process method can not be milled integrally, and the requirement on the dimensional precision of the impeller is high.
The key in the manufacturing process of the process method is to determine the combination of the material and the brazing filler metal and the specification of the brazing process.
Determining the components of the brazing filler metal: according to the chemical components and mechanical property indexes of the impeller material, the type and the components of the brazing filler metal suitable for the requirement are determined, and the matching property of the mechanical property can be achieved only by brazing the Cr13 material by using the brazing filler metal with the proportioning components. The mechanical properties of the impeller and the brazing seam after brazing are ensured to reach the tensile strength of more than or equal to 650 Mpa.
Determining the gas quenching and tempering process of the impeller material: the impeller brazing is carried out in a heating furnace, and the mechanical property is adjusted by adopting a gas quenching method.
C-type ultrasonic inspection of the brazing seam: the brazing rate is required to be more than or equal to 95 percent;
mechanical property test: the tensile strength is required to be more than or equal to 650 MPa.
And (3) wheel adjustment treatment: and adjusting after the impeller is brazed.
The following embodiments of the present invention are provided, and it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and all equivalent changes based on the technical solutions of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a process method for brazing Cr13 stainless steel impeller by using Au-based solder, which comprises the following steps:
the process method takes Cr13 stainless steel as the impeller material of the impeller;
the process method is characterized in that the impeller is prepared by brazing Au-based brazing filler metal, and the Au-based brazing filler metal is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 82% of Au and 18% of Ni.
The impeller in the process method is a small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller.
Specifically, the brazing in the process method adopts a vacuum brazing method, and the process parameters of the vacuum brazing method are that the pressure in a vacuum furnace is 5 × 10-3Pa～5×10-2Pa, and the brazing temperature is 980-1050 ℃.
Specifically, the performance heat treatment process in the process method adopts a gas quenching tempering process for quenching and tempering, and the specific quenching and tempering process parameters are as follows: the quenching temperature is 880 +/-5 ℃, and the tempering temperature is 620 +/-5 ℃.
Specifically, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, checking before brazing:
before brazing, buckling inspection is carried out on the wheel cover and the wheel disc, the wheel cover and the wheel disc are centered by adopting a centering tool, and the clearance between each blade and the wheel cover is not more than 0.05 mm;
step two, solder preparation:
the brazing filler metal is arranged into a strip-shaped film, the span of the brazing filler metal is 150mm, the thickness of the brazing filler metal is 0.05mm, and the brazing filler metal is sheared according to the shape of blades of the impeller;
step three, cleaning before brazing:
the brazing filler metal and the impeller to be brazed are cleaned by acetone for the first time, and cleaned by high-purity gas oil for the second time;
step four, mounting the impeller and brazing filler metal:
mounting brazing filler metal between the blades of the impeller and the wheel disc, and keeping the brazing filler metal fixed to obtain an assembled impeller;
step five, brazing:
placing the assembled impeller in a vacuum furnace, and vacuumizing to the pressure of 5 × 10 in the vacuum furnace-3Pa～5×10-2Pa, maintaining the pressure in the vacuum furnace, raising the temperature in the vacuum furnace to the brazing temperature, preserving the heat for 30-60 minutes, and then cooling to the quenching temperature;
step six, performance heat treatment:
when the temperature in the vacuum furnace reaches the quenching temperature, preserving the heat for 2-4 hours, rapidly cooling to below 65 ℃ by adopting a quenching medium, and discharging; and transferring the quenched impeller to a normal-pressure pit furnace, heating the pit furnace to a tempering temperature, preserving heat for 6-8 hours, cooling to below 65 ℃, and finishing impeller brazing.
Preferably, the quench medium is 99% pure N2。
Specifically, the diameter of the small-diameter narrow-runner centrifugal impeller is less than or equal to 600mm, and the height of the runner air outlet edge is less than or equal to 20 mm.
The small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller welded in the embodiment is qualified and successfully welded through the detection of brazing seam C-type ultrasonic inspection and mechanical property tests.
Example 2:
this example provides a process method for brazing an Au-based solder to a Cr13 stainless steel impeller, which is substantially the same as example 1 except that the Au-based solder is different, and the Au-based solder in this example is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 84% of Au and 16% of Ni.
The small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller welded in the embodiment is qualified and successfully welded through the detection of brazing seam C-type ultrasonic inspection and mechanical property tests.
Example 3:
this example provides a process method for brazing an Au-based solder to a Cr13 stainless steel impeller, which is substantially the same as example 1 except that the Au-based solder is different, and the Au-based solder in this example is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85% of Au and 15% of Ni.
The small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller welded in the embodiment is qualified and successfully welded through the detection of brazing seam C-type ultrasonic inspection and mechanical property tests.
Example 4:
this example provides a process method for brazing an Au-based solder to a Cr13 stainless steel impeller, which is substantially the same as example 1 except that the Au-based solder is different, and the Au-based solder in this example is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80% of Au and 20% of Ni.
The small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller welded in the embodiment is qualified and successfully welded through the detection of brazing seam C-type ultrasonic inspection and mechanical property tests.
Comparative example 1:
the comparative example shows a process method for brazing Cr13 stainless steel impeller by using Au-based solder, which is basically the same as that in example 1, except that the Au-based solder is different, wherein the Au-based solder in the example is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 73% of Au and 27% of Ni.
The welding process of the comparative example failed, and the brazing rate was < 95% as tested by the C-type ultrasonic method. The small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller which is qualified in welding cannot be obtained. With such Au: the brazing filler metal with the Ni proportion is not proper, so that some blades cannot be brazed after brazing heat treatment is finished, the brazing rate is unqualified, and the successful impeller welding cannot be guaranteed.
Comparative example 2:
this comparative example shows a process for brazing an Au-based brazing filler metal to Cr13 stainless steel impeller, which is substantially the same as example 1 except that the brazing process is different from the following:
the brazing adopts a vacuum brazing method, and the technological parameters of the vacuum brazing method are that the pressure in a vacuum furnace is 5 × 10-3Pa～5×10-2Pa, the brazing temperature is 900 ℃;
the welding process of the comparative example failed, and the brazing rate was < 95% as tested by the C-type ultrasonic method. The small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller which is qualified in welding cannot be obtained. The proportion of the brazing temperature and the brazing filler metal is not proper, some blades cannot be brazed after brazing heat treatment is finished, the brazing rate is unqualified, and the successful impeller welding cannot be guaranteed.
As can be seen from the comparison of the comparative example 1, the comparative example 2 and the example 1, in the impeller brazing forming process, the matching of the brazing filler metal proportion and the brazing temperature is very strict, only the brazing filler metal proportion is adopted, the proper brazing temperature is not adopted, and the brazing fails; the brazing temperature of the brazing alloy is adopted without adopting the brazing alloy proportion, and the brazing cannot be successfully brazed. Only with the brazing filler metal ratio and the brazing temperature range according to the application can the successful formation of the impeller be ensured.
Claims (7)
1. A process method for brazing Cr13 stainless steel impeller by Au-based brazing filler metal is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the process method takes Cr13 stainless steel as the impeller material of the impeller;
the process method is characterized in that the impeller is prepared by brazing Au-based brazing filler metal, and the Au-based brazing filler metal is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-85% of Au, 15-20% of Ni, and the sum of the weight parts of the raw materials is 100%;
the impeller in the process method is a small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller.
2. The process for brazing Cr13 stainless steel impeller with Au-based solder according to claim 1, wherein the brazing process is carried out by vacuum brazing with the process parameters of 5 × 10 of pressure in a vacuum furnace-3Pa～5×10-2Pa, and the brazing temperature is 980-1050 ℃.
3. The process method for brazing the Cr13 stainless steel impeller by the Au-based brazing filler metal as claimed in claim 2, wherein a performance heat treatment process in the process method adopts a gas quenching and tempering process for quenching and tempering, and specific quenching and tempering process parameters are as follows: the quenching temperature is 880 +/-5 ℃, and the tempering temperature is 620 +/-5 ℃.
4. The Au-based solder brazing Cr13 stainless steel impeller process method according to claim 3, which is specifically carried out according to the following steps:
step one, checking before brazing:
before brazing, buckling inspection is carried out on the wheel cover and the wheel disc, the wheel cover and the wheel disc are centered by adopting a centering tool, and the clearance between each blade and the wheel cover is not more than 0.05 mm;
step two, solder preparation:
the brazing filler metal is arranged into a strip-shaped film, the span of the brazing filler metal is 150mm, the thickness of the brazing filler metal is 0.05mm, and the brazing filler metal is sheared according to the shape of blades of the impeller;
step three, cleaning before brazing:
the brazing filler metal and the impeller to be brazed are cleaned by acetone for the first time, and are cleaned by gas oil for the second time;
step four, mounting the impeller and brazing filler metal:
mounting brazing filler metal between the blades of the impeller and the wheel disc, and keeping the brazing filler metal fixed to obtain an assembled impeller;
step five, brazing:
placing the assembled impeller in a vacuum furnace, and vacuumizing to the pressure of 5 × 10 in the vacuum furnace-3Pa～5×10-2Pa, maintaining the pressure in the vacuum furnace, raising the temperature in the vacuum furnace to the brazing temperature, preserving the heat for 30-60 minutes, and then cooling to the quenching temperature;
step six, performance heat treatment:
when the temperature in the vacuum furnace reaches the quenching temperature, preserving the heat for 2-4 hours, cooling to below 65 ℃ by adopting a quenching medium, and discharging; and transferring the quenched impeller to a normal-pressure pit furnace, heating the pit furnace to a tempering temperature, preserving heat for 6-8 hours, cooling to below 65 ℃, and finishing impeller brazing.
5. The process for brazing Cr13 stainless steel impeller with Au-based solder according to claim 4, wherein the quenching medium is N with 99% purity2。
6. The process method for brazing the Cr13 stainless steel impeller by the Au-based solder according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the small-diameter narrow-flow-channel centrifugal impeller is less than or equal to 600mm, and the height of the flow channel air outlet edge is less than or equal to 20 mm.
7. The process method for brazing the Cr13 stainless steel impeller by the Au-based solder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Au-based solder is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 82% of Au and 18% of Ni.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112453622A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-09 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | Vacuum brazing method for stainless heat-resistant steel pipe parts |
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