CN111408356A - 一种高效吸油枕材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于纺织加工领域，具体涉及一种高效吸油枕材料的制备方法，制得的吸油枕材料吸油倍率达到自身重量30倍以上。本发明一种高效吸油枕材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：（1）将熔喷工艺或纺粘工艺得到的初生纤维毡沉积在接收帘上；（2）将经过步骤（1）处理的初生纤维毡经裁切成一定尺寸的纤维毡；（3）将经过步骤（2）裁切后的纤维毡经开松机加工成絮状短纤维；（4）将步骤（3）得到的絮状短纤维经弹花机加工梳理成具有一定厚度的层状纤维毡；（5）将步骤（4）得到的层状纤维毡与聚四氟乙烯薄膜复合，经加固后得到高效吸油枕。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纺织加工领域，具体涉及一种高效吸油枕材料的制备方法，制得的吸油枕材料吸油倍率达到自身重量30倍以上。
背景技术
随着人类经济活动的日益频繁，在石油的开采、运输和贮存的过程中经常会发生石油泄漏事件，以及工业生产中的各类含油污水排放，这些油类及其分解产物会直接污染环境和影响人体的健康，对人类健康及环境造成巨大的危害，含油污水处理已经成为目前亟待解决的环境问题之一。目前，用于含油污水的处理方法包括生物法、原位燃烧法、化学分散法和物理吸附法。其中，吸附材料因其吸油高效、使用方便等优点，已成为含油水体处置的重要方法之一。
吸油材料包括天然无机吸油材料（活性炭、黏土、沸石、珍珠岩、硅凝胶等），这类材料一般具有多孔结构，具有吸油速度快的优点，但是油水选择性较差；天然有机吸油材料（木棉、稻草、麦秆、麻等），这类材料价格低廉且可以生物降解，但同样存在油水选择性差，吸油倍率较低等缺点；化学合成吸油材料（高吸油性树脂、聚丙烯纤维、聚氨酯泡沫等），这一类吸油材料具有亲油疏水性好，但生物降解性差。在众多吸油材料中，熔喷非织造布材料因其成本低，吸附性强等优点，已被广泛用作吸油材料使用。然而，目前的熔喷聚丙烯纤维吸油毡仍存在吸油倍率较低（10-20倍自重）的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对目前市场上已有吸油毡材料吸油效率较低以及储油能力差的问题，提供一种高效吸油枕材料的制备方法，利用该方法可以制得吸油倍率高储油能力强的吸油枕材料。
为达到上述目的，本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种高效吸油枕材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）将熔喷工艺或纺粘工艺得到的初生纤维毡沉积在接收帘上；
（2）将经过步骤（1）处理的初生纤维毡经裁切成一定尺寸的纤维毡；
（3）将经过步骤（2）裁切后的纤维毡经开松机加工成絮状短纤维；
（4）将步骤（3）得到的絮状短纤维经弹花机加工梳理成具有一定厚度的层状纤维毡；
（5）将步骤（4）得到的层状纤维毡与聚四氟乙烯薄膜复合，经加固后得到高效吸油枕。
所述步骤（1）中的熔喷工艺或纺粘工艺使用聚合物原料，所述聚合物原料为聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚酯、聚乳酸、聚偏氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚氨酯、聚酰胺、聚氯乙烯、聚砜、聚醚砜中的至少一种。
所述步骤（1）中的熔喷工艺或纺粘工艺得到的初生纤维为实心纤维或多孔纤维中的至少一种，所述初生纤维的纤维横截面为圆形或异形。
所述步骤（1）中的熔喷工艺或纺粘工艺得到的初生纤维毡为未经热压辊处理的原始蓬松态纤维毡。
所述步骤（2）中一定尺寸的纤维毡的面积尺寸范围为≤40mm*40mm。
所述步骤（4）中一定厚度的层状纤维毡的厚度范围为5mm-100mm。
所述步骤（5）中的聚四氟乙烯薄膜厚度为10μm-50μm。
所述步骤（5）中的复合方式为层状纤维毡位于中间层，聚四氟乙烯薄膜位于上下层。
所述步骤（5）中的加固方式为缝接或超声波焊接中的至少一种。
本发明一种高效吸油枕材料的制备方法具有如下有益效果：
与现有技术相比，本发明通过将熔喷技术和纺粘技术与传统纺织工艺结合，重组超细纤维集合体结构，避免了普通熔喷聚丙烯吸油纤维毡纤维集合体堆积密度过大造成纤维毡吸油倍率较低和保油能力差的缺陷，该方法所涉及的设备为通用型，制备工艺简单，高效，成本低，在吸油材料领域具有广阔的市场前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明种高效吸油枕材料的制备方法的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明，但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
实施例1
选用聚丙烯作为纺丝原料，熔指1200。采用熔喷工艺，幅宽200mm,模头温度220°，热空气温度250°，热空气压力0.15MPa，纤维横截面为圆形，初生纤维毡裁切成面积大约为30mm*30mm的块状,将裁切后的纤维毡经开松机(OJK-300X/D) 加工成絮状的短纤维,再将絮状短纤维经弹花机（80型）加工成厚度大约为20mm的层状纤维毡，将层状纤维毡与厚度为20μm的聚四氟乙烯薄膜进行复合，加固方式采用缝接法，最后得到的吸油枕材料吸油倍率达到自身重量的60倍以上。
实施例2
选用聚丙烯作为纺丝原料，熔指36，采用纺粘工艺，幅宽100mm,喷丝板温度210°，喷丝板采用C形截面，所制得纤维横截面为准中空型，初生纤维毡裁切成面积大约为30mm*30mm的块状,将裁切后的纤维毡经开松机(OJK-300X/D) 加工成絮状的短纤维,再将絮状短纤维经弹花机（80型）加工成厚度大约为25mm的层状纤维毡，将层状纤维毡与厚度为20μm的聚四氟乙烯薄膜进行复合，加固方式采用缝接法，最后得到的吸油枕材料吸油倍率达到自身重量的35倍以上。
实施例3
选用聚丙烯作为纺丝原料，熔指2.9。首先将质量分数为30%的聚丙烯与稀释剂（DOP：DBP=1:1）在180°高温下加热混合均匀，冷却后造粒，然后采用熔喷工艺，幅宽200mm,模头温度190°，热空气温度210°，热空气压力0.14MPa，纤维横截面为圆形，将初生纤维毡浸泡在乙醇和异丙醇中反复萃取，得到多孔的初生纤维毡，再将干燥后的初生纤维毡裁切成面积大约为30mm*30mm的块状,将裁切后的纤维毡经开松机(OJK-300X/D) 加工成絮状的短纤维,再将絮状短纤维经弹花机（80型）加工成厚度大约为20mm的层状纤维毡，将层状纤维毡与厚度为20μm的聚四氟乙烯薄膜进行复合，加固方式采用缝接法，最后得到的吸油枕材料吸油倍率达到自身重量的90倍以上。
Claims (9)
1.一种高效吸油枕材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
（1）将熔喷工艺或纺粘工艺得到的初生纤维毡沉积在接收帘上；
（2）将经过步骤（1）处理的初生纤维毡经裁切成一定尺寸的纤维毡；
（3）将经过步骤（2）裁切后的纤维毡经开松机加工成絮状短纤维；
（4）将步骤（3）得到的絮状短纤维经弹花机加工梳理成具有一定厚度的层状纤维毡；
（5）将步骤（4）得到的层状纤维毡与聚四氟乙烯薄膜复合，经加固后得到高效吸油枕。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种高效吸油枕材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（1）中的熔喷工艺或纺粘工艺使用聚合物原料，所述聚合物原料为聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚酯、聚乳酸、聚偏氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚氨酯、聚酰胺、聚氯乙烯、聚砜、聚醚砜中的至少一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种高效吸油枕材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（1）中的熔喷工艺或纺粘工艺得到的初生纤维为实心纤维或多孔纤维中的至少一种，所述初生纤维的纤维横截面为圆形或异形。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种高效吸油枕材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（1）中的熔喷工艺或纺粘工艺得到的初生纤维毡为未经热压辊处理的原始蓬松态纤维毡。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种高效吸油枕材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（2）中一定尺寸的纤维毡的面积尺寸范围为≤40mm*40mm。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种高效吸油枕材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（4）中一定厚度的层状纤维毡的厚度范围为5mm-100mm。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种高效吸油枕材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（5）中的聚四氟乙烯薄膜厚度为10μm-50μm。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种高效吸油枕材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（5）中的复合方式为层状纤维毡位于中间层，聚四氟乙烯薄膜位于上下层。
9.如权利要求1所述的一种高效吸油枕材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（5）中的加固方式为缝接或超声波焊接中的至少一种。
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