CN111406840A

CN111406840A - Plant-derived antibiotic feed additive and preparation thereof, plant-derived antibiotic feed and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111406840A
Application number: CN202010364049.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈加红; 沈晓霞
Original assignee: HANGZHOU WANXIANG POLYTECHNIC
Current assignee: HANGZHOU WANXIANG POLYTECHNIC
Priority date: 2020-04-30
Filing date: 2020-04-30
Publication date: 2020-07-14

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of feed additives, and particularly relates to a botanical antibiotic feed additive and a preparation method thereof. The invention discloses a preparation method of a plant source antibiotic feed additive, which selects the stem and leaf parts of radix tetrastigme containing natural antibacterial and antiviral active substances, adds a certain amount of auxiliary materials, and then performs lactic acid fermentation in an anaerobic environment to prepare the feed additive with good palatability and rich nutrition and having the same function as antibiotics. The feed additive provided by the invention meets the production requirement of green food, can be used as a substitute of antibiotic additives, reduces the consumption of artificially synthesized additives in livestock breeding, reduces the pollution of the livestock industry to the environment, and improves the quality and safety of livestock and poultry products.

Description

Plant-derived antibiotic feed additive and preparation thereof, plant-derived antibiotic feed and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of feed additives, and particularly relates to a botanical antibiotic feed additive, a preparation method thereof, a botanical antibiotic feed and application thereof.

Background

One of the major problems affecting quality safety of livestock products is drug residue, most commonly residual antibiotics in the residual drugs. The abuse and irregular use of antibiotics not only affect the production cost of farmers, but also directly affect the physical health of consumers. Therefore, the use of antibiotic additives is required to be standardized as much as possible in the production process of safe livestock products so as to reduce the drug residues in the livestock products and improve the safe quality.

Due to the increasing call for banning or reducing the use of antibiotics in livestock farming, there has been an increasing search for the use of other similar products in place of antibiotics. However, there are few studies on plant-derived antibiotic feed additives meeting the requirements of green foods.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a plant source antibiotic feed additive and a preparation method thereof, the feed additive provided by the invention can avoid the use of antibiotics in livestock breeding, but is rich in nutrition and can play the same role as the antibiotics; but also meets the requirement of green food and is used for producing safe livestock products.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a plant source antibiotic feed additive, which is prepared from the following raw materials of a main material and an auxiliary material, wherein the main material is radix tetrastigme; the auxiliary materials comprise saccharides, salt and formic acid; the Hemsley rockvine root is provided in the form of stems and/or leaves.

Preferably, the amount of the saccharides is 0.5-1 wt%, the salt is 0.3-0.5 wt%, and the formic acid is 1-1.5 wt%, based on the weight of the radix tetrastigme with the water content of 50-65 wt%; the formic acid mass concentration is 85 wt.%.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the feed additive in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:

mixing the crushed materials of the main material with sugar, salt and formic acid to obtain a mixture; and fermenting the mixture to obtain the feed additive.

Preferably, the fermentation is sealed fermentation and is carried out at the temperature of 16-35 ℃; the sealed fermentation comprises an oxygen consumption stage and an anaerobic fermentation stage which are sequentially carried out; the oxygen consumption stage lasts for 1-2 days, and the anaerobic fermentation stage lasts for 40-50 days.

Preferably, the fermentation is carried out under sealed conditions; the sealing mode is mixture stacking sealing.

Preferably, the preparation method of the crushed aggregates comprises the following steps: cleaning fresh radix tetrastigme stems and/or leaves; bundling and airing the fresh radix tetrastigme stems and/or leaves obtained by cleaning for 1-2 days to reduce the water content to 50-65 wt%; and (3) crushing the air-dried radix tetrastigme to 5-10 mm to obtain the crushed aggregates.

Preferably, the mixing mode of the crushed materials of the main material, the sugar, the salt and the formic acid is as follows: adding saccharide, salt and formic acid into the crushed materials, and stirring.

The invention also provides a plant source antibiotic feed, which comprises a feed additive and a basic feed; the feed additive is the feed additive in the technical scheme or the feed additive obtained by the preparation method in the technical scheme.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the feed additive to the basic feed is 1: 5-8.

The invention also provides application of the plant source antibiotic feed, and the feed can be applied to feeding of cattle, sheep and other ruminants.

The invention provides a plant source antibiotic feed additive, which comprises a main material and an auxiliary material, wherein the main material is stems and/or leaves of radix tetrastigme; the auxiliary materials comprise saccharides, salt and formic acid. The plant source antibiotic feed additive provided by the invention uses the radix tetrastigme as a substitute component of the antibiotic, so that the plant source antibiotic feed additive provided by the invention has the same technical effect as the common antibiotic, and further replaces the common antibiotic and avoids the hidden trouble of antibiotic residue. The results of the examples show that the plant source antibiotic feed additive provided by the invention has the effect of improving the palatability of the feed.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a plant source antibiotic feed additive, which comprises the following preparation raw materials of main material and auxiliary material, wherein the main material is radix tetrastigme; the auxiliary materials comprise saccharides, salt and formic acid; the Hemsley rockvine root is provided in the form of stems and/or leaves.

The feed additive provided by the invention takes the stem and/or the leaf of the radix tetrastigme as a main material; the water content of the main material is preferably 50 wt.% to 65 wt.%, and more preferably 55 wt.%. The stem leaves of the radix tetrastigme are used, and the bioactive substances such as flavone, glycoside, polysaccharide, chlorogenic acid and the like which are rich in the radix tetrastigme are fully utilized, so that the plant source antibiotic feed additive provided by the invention has the same effect as common antibiotics.

The amount of the saccharides is preferably 0.5 wt.% to 1 wt.%, and more preferably 1 wt.% based on the weight of the radix tetrastigme when the water content of the radix tetrastigme is 50 wt.% to 65 wt.%; the saccharide is preferably glucose. In the present invention, the saccharide may be glucose, honey or white sugar, and glucose is preferably used in the present invention. The invention takes the saccharides as one of the auxiliary materials, overcomes the defect of low content of the saccharides in the stems and leaves of the radix tetrastigme, enables the propagation and the fermentation of beneficial bacteria to be normally carried out, and further improves the palatability of the feed additive.

The amount of the salt in the feed additive provided by the invention is preferably 0.3 wt.% to 0.5 wt.%, and more preferably 0.3 wt.% based on the weight of the radix tetrastigme with the water content of 50 wt.% to 65 wt.%. In the invention, the salt is added to promote the exudation of cell sap, which is beneficial to the fermentation of lactic acid bacteria, and the palatability of the feed can be improved by adding the salt.

Based on the weight of the radix tetrastigme with the water content of 50-65 wt.%, the using amount of formic acid in the feed additive provided by the invention is preferably 1-1.5 wt.%, and more preferably 1.2 wt.% of the radix tetrastigme; the formic acid mass concentration used in the present invention is preferably 85%. In the invention, the formic acid is added to inhibit the activity of bacillus and gram-positive bacteria and reduce the nutrient loss of the stem and leaf crushed aggregates of the radix tetrastigme.

The invention takes the stems and leaves of the radix tetrastigme as the main material and is supplemented with sugar, salt and formic acid, which can promote the propagation and the activity of lactobacillus, improve the palatability, inhibit the activity of harmful bacteria, reduce the loss of nutrient components and improve the quality of the feed additive, so that cattle and sheep do not cause any discomfort after eating the feed additive.

In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the source of the starting materials for the preparation is not particularly required, and those known to those skilled in the art can be used.

The invention mixes the crushed materials of the main material with sugar, salt and formic acid to obtain a mixture. In the present invention, the crushed aggregates are preferably prepared in a manner that: cleaning fresh radix tetrastigme stems and/or leaves; bundling and airing the fresh radix tetrastigme stems and/or leaves obtained by cleaning for 1-2 days to reduce the water content to 50-65 wt%; and (3) crushing the air-dried radix tetrastigme to 5-10 mm to obtain crushed materials. The method has the advantages that the airing and drying of the fresh radix tetrastigme are beneficial to the subsequent fermentation, and the putrefaction phenomenon in the fermentation period can be effectively prevented; the radix tetrastigme is crushed, so that the fermentation efficiency can be improved, and the release of effective components in the radix tetrastigme is facilitated.

In the present invention, the crushed material is preferably mixed with the saccharide, the salt and the formic acid in a manner of: adding sugar, salt and formic acid into the crushed materials, and stirring to obtain a mixture. Because the sugar content in stems and leaves of the fermentation substrate radix tetrastigme is not enough to meet the requirement of lactic acid bacteria on the fermentation environment, sugar needs to be additionally added.

After the mixture is obtained, the mixture is fermented to obtain the feed additive. In the invention, the fermentation temperature is preferably 16-35 ℃, and more preferably 25-35 ℃; the fermentation process preferably comprises an aerobic stage and an anaerobic fermentation stage which are sequentially carried out; the fermentation time is preferably 41-52 days, wherein the duration of the aerobic stage is preferably 1-2 days, and the duration of the anaerobic fermentation stage is preferably 40-50 days. Because the existence of oxygen cannot be avoided in the fermentation stack at the initial stage of fermentation, aerobic fermentation is firstly carried out, and the oxygen in the fermentation material is consumed as much as possible, so that the subsequent anaerobic fermentation is conveniently carried out.

In the present invention, the fermentation is preferably carried out under sealed conditions; the sealing is preferably performed by batch-to-batch sealing. In the embodiment of the invention, the sealing is preferably implemented by sealing the mixture by using a black plastic bag with the thickness of more than or equal to 0.2 mm. In the present invention, after the mixture is filled into the fermentation bag, air in the mixture is preferably discharged by pressing. According to the invention, the aerobic stage is kept within 2d, even within 1d, and the fermentation enters the anaerobic fermentation stage in advance by controlling the compactness of the mixture in the fermentation bag and the water content of the main material, so that the fermentation efficiency can be improved, and substances such as lactic acid and the like contained in the radix tetrastigme provided by the invention, which can improve the palatability of livestock and poultry, can be improved as much as possible.

The invention also provides a plant source antibiotic feed, which comprises a feed additive and a basic feed; the feed additive is preferably the feed additive in the technical scheme or the feed additive obtained by the preparation method in the technical scheme. In the invention, the mass ratio of the feed additive to the basic feed is preferably 1: 5-8.

The invention also provides application of the plant source antibiotic feed, and the feed is preferably applied to feeding of ruminants, and is further preferably applied to feeding of cattle or sheep.

In order to further illustrate the present invention, the plant-derived antibiotic feed additive and the preparation method and application thereof provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Selecting 45kg of fresh stems and leaves of radix tetrastigme, drying for 2d, detecting that the water content of the dried radix tetrastigme is 57 wt.%, crushing to obtain 38.0kg of crushed materials, adding 380g of glucose, 114g of salt and 456g of formic acid auxiliary materials into the crushed materials, and fermenting for 41 days at the ambient temperature of 19-27 ℃ to obtain the crushed materials of the stems and leaves of the radix tetrastigme with yellow green color, wine aroma and mixed sourness. The pH value is 4.1 after detection.

Comparative example 1

Selecting 45kg of fresh stems and leaves of radix tetrastigme, spreading, airing and drying in the shade for 1d, detecting that the water content of the dried radix tetrastigme is 75 wt%, and the weight of the dried radix tetrastigme is 43kg, crushing to obtain crushed materials, adding 430g of glucose, 129g of table salt and 516g of formic acid auxiliary materials into the crushed materials, and fermenting for 41 days at the ambient temperature of 19-27 ℃ to obtain the crushed materials of the stems and leaves of the radix tetrastigme with yellowish brown color, sticky touch, unobvious wine aroma and heavy sour taste, wherein the pH value of the leachate is 3, and the acidity is strong. Therefore, the drying time is not enough, so that the water content in the radix tetrastigme is too high, and the rancidity phenomenon is caused during fermentation.

Comparative example 2

Selecting 45kg of fresh stems and leaves of radix tetrastigme, measuring the water content to be 81 wt%, directly crushing to obtain crushed materials, adding 450g of glucose, 135g of salt and 540g of formic acid auxiliary materials into the crushed materials, and fermenting for 41 days at the ambient temperature of 19-27 ℃ to obtain the crushed materials of the stems and leaves of the radix tetrastigme with dark brown color, caking into blocks and heavy sour taste, wherein the leachate of the crushed materials of the stems and leaves of the radix tetrastigme is tested by using pH test paper, and the result is 3 and the acidity is strong. Similarly, the over-high water content in the radix tetrastigme caused by insufficient airing time causes rancidity phenomenon in fermentation

Comparative example 3

Selecting 45kg of fresh stems and leaves of radix tetrastigme, drying for 2d, detecting that the water content of the dried radix tetrastigme is 61 wt.%, crushing to obtain 40.5kg of crushed materials, adding 405g of glucose, 121.5g of table salt and 486g of formic acid auxiliary materials into the crushed materials, and fermenting to obtain the crushed materials of the stems and leaves of the radix tetrastigme. The color is unchanged, after 3 days, formic acid basically volatilizes, and the leaching solution is tested by pH test paper, and the result is 5.3, and the weak acidity is presented.

Comparative example 4

Selecting 45kg of fresh stems and leaves of radix tetrastigme, drying for 2d, detecting that the water content of the dried radix tetrastigme is 59 wt.%, crushing to obtain 39.5kg of crushed materials, fermenting for 41 days at the ambient temperature of 19-27 ℃, and fermenting to obtain the crushed materials of the stems and leaves of the radix tetrastigme, wherein the crushed materials have special sharp-nose rotten odor or musty odor, the appearance of the crushed materials is rotten and sludge, and the leachate of the crushed materials is tested by using pH test paper, and the result is 4.8 and weak acid.

Application example 1

Selecting 9 healthy beef cattle of 18 months old, randomly dividing into 3 groups, and feeding each group in a centralized manner.

Adding unfermented radix tetrastigme vine crushed aggregates with water content of 60 wt.% after airing for 2 days on the basis of the original feed in group 1 for 4 consecutive days, wherein the feeding amount of the radix tetrastigme vine crushed aggregates of each group of cattle is 2.0 kg/d;

adding unfermented radix tetrastigme vine crushed aggregates with the water content of 60 wt.% after being aired for 2 days on the basis of the original feed in the first 2 days of the group 2, wherein the feeding amount of the radix tetrastigme vine crushed aggregates of each group of cattle is 2.0kg/d, and feeding the feed additive provided in the embodiment 1 on the basis of the original feed in the last 2 days, wherein the feeding amount of the radix tetrastigme vine feed additive of each group of cattle is 2.0 kg/d;

the feed additive provided in example 1 was added to the raw feed for 4 consecutive days in group 3, wherein the feeding amount of the trefoil feed additive per group of cattle was 2.0 kg/d.

Feeding at 7 am every day during the experiment duration, observing ingestion condition, collecting the rest crushed stem and leaf of radix tetrastigme at 9 am, and weighing. The statistical results are shown in table 1.

Table 1 example and comparative example comparison of palatability for feeding beef cattle

As can be seen from Table 1, the feeding condition can be effectively improved after the feed provided by the invention is fed to beef cattle.

The detection shows that the overground part of the radix tetrastigme contains chemical components such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, polysaccharides, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, steroids, oils and the like. Wherein the flavonoid compound has obvious antioxidant capacity and has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects; wherein chlorogenic acid belonging to phenolic acids has obvious antibacterial and antiviral effects. Taraxacum terpene alcohol and dandelion terpene ketone which belong to triterpenoid pentacyclic compounds and are contained in the stem and leaf of radix tetrastigme also have obvious anti-inflammatory effect.

According to the application examples, the stem and leaf parts of the tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg containing natural antibacterial and antiviral active substances are selected for carrying out a series of pretreatment, and then a certain amount of auxiliary materials are reasonably and orderly added for carrying out lactic acid fermentation in an anaerobic environment, so that the feed additive which is good in palatability, rich in nutrition and capable of playing the same role as antibiotics is prepared; the feed additive provided by the invention meets the production requirement of green food, can be used as a substitute of antibiotic additives, and is used for producing safe livestock products.

Therefore, the scope of the invention should not be limited by the description of the preferred embodiments, but should be determined only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A plant source antibiotic feed additive is characterized in that raw materials for preparation are main materials and auxiliary materials, wherein the main material is radix tetrastigme; the auxiliary materials comprise saccharides, salt and formic acid; the Hemsley rockvine root is provided in the form of stems and/or leaves.

2. The feed additive according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the saccharides is 0.5 to 1 wt.%, the amount of the salt is 0.3 to 0.5 wt.%, and the amount of the formic acid is 1 to 1.5 wt.%, based on the weight of the radix tetrastigme when the water content is 50 to 65 wt.%; the mass concentration of the formic acid is 85%.

3. A process for the preparation of a feed additive as claimed in claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein the fermentation is a sealed fermentation and is carried out in an environment of 16-35 ℃; the sealed fermentation comprises an oxygen consumption stage and an anaerobic fermentation stage which are sequentially carried out; the oxygen consumption stage lasts for 1-2 days, and the anaerobic fermentation stage lasts for 40-50 days.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the fermentation is performed under sealed conditions; the sealing mode is mixture stacking sealing.

6. A method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the chaff is prepared in such a way that: cleaning fresh radix tetrastigme stems and/or leaves; bundling and airing the fresh tetrastigma hemsleyanum stems and/or leaves obtained by cleaning for 1-2 days to reduce the water content to 50-65 wt%; and (3) crushing the air-dried radix tetrastigme to 5-10 mm to obtain the crushed aggregates.

7. The method according to claim 3, wherein the ground material of the main material is mixed with the saccharides, the salt and the formic acid in a manner that: adding saccharide, salt and formic acid into the crushed materials, and stirring.

8. A plant source antibiotic feed comprises feed additive and basal feed; the feed additive is the feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 2, or the feed additive obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 3 to 7.

9. The plant-derived antibiotic feed as claimed in claim 8, wherein the mass ratio of the feed additive to the basal feed is 1: 5-8.

10. Use of the plant-derived antibiotic feed of claim 8 or 9 as a feed for ruminants.