CN111406639B - Cultivation seedling rope capable of preventing kelp from falling off and seedling clamping method - Google Patents
Cultivation seedling rope capable of preventing kelp from falling off and seedling clamping method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111406639B CN111406639B CN202010243329.6A CN202010243329A CN111406639B CN 111406639 B CN111406639 B CN 111406639B CN 202010243329 A CN202010243329 A CN 202010243329A CN 111406639 B CN111406639 B CN 111406639B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation seedling rope for preventing kelp from falling off, which is prepared by the following method: weaving two carpet leftover materials into a strand of rope anticlockwise; and weaving the three strands of ropes clockwise to obtain the breeding seedling ropes with the diameter of 2-3 cm. The invention also provides a rope seedling clamping method for preventing kelp from falling off for breeding seedlings, which comprises the following steps: twisting and loosening the seedling rope from one end of the cultivation seedling rope against the weaving direction of the seedling rope to enable gaps to be leaked among three strands of the seedling rope and clamp 1 kelp seedling into the gaps along the direction vertical to the seedling rope, so that the seedling rope is not leaked from the kelp seedling rhizomes, and the state before the three strands of the seedling rope are twisted and opened is recovered; clamping 4 kelp seedlings at intervals of 3-5cm to form a group, and continuously clamping the seedlings at intervals of 25-30cm between each group until the kelp is full of the whole seedling rope. The method can reduce the risk of kelp falling off, increase the flow of water flow and ensure the sufficient supply of nutrient salt; improve the illumination effect and is beneficial to the growth of the kelp.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of kelp culture, in particular to a culture seedling rope for preventing kelp from falling off and a seedling clamping method.
Background
Kelp (Laminaria japonica) is large-scale seaweed growing in seawater, belongs to the class of Phaeophyceae and the family of Laminariaceae, is rich in sodium alginate, iodine, fucoidan, mineral elements, multiple vitamins and the like, is an important chemical raw material, is also a common marine food on public dining tables, is also a health food, and is also a high-quality bait for rare sea products such as abalone, sea urchins and the like. The kelp is one of the most important economic algae in China, and is widely cultivated in Dalian and Shandong, Fujian and coastal areas in China. The kelp culture has a history of decades in China, and the production is carried out by adopting a floating raft culture mode in the sea area.
At present, the arrangement of the kelp raft in the northern sea area is the same as that of undaria pinnatifida. The length of a single floating raft is 60-120 meters, the distance between two floating rafts is 8 meters, kelp seedlings are clamped on breeding seedling ropes with the length of 8 meters, the breeding seedling ropes are hung between the two floating rafts, and the hanging distance is about 1.5 meters. One kelp seedling is clamped by about 10cm on a 8-meter long breeding seedling rope, and about 80 kelp seedlings are clamped on one breeding seedling rope. The breeding seedling rope structure is generally formed by spinning 3 strands of spinning ropes together, wherein each strand is formed by spinning dozens of hundreds of fine polyethylene filaments or by blending polyethylene and palm fiber. The cultivation seedling rope material, structure and seedling clamping mode are used for a long time in northern coastal kelp cultivation production units, and because the individuals of the traditional kelp varieties are not too large, the problem that the kelp falls off from the cultivation seedling rope is not obvious.
In recent years, Chinese researchers culture a plurality of new kelp varieties with different characteristics, wherein a part of kelp varieties are large in individuals, good in quality and high in yield, and the weight of each plant can reach more than 2 kg. But the problem of high seedling shedding rate exists after the high-yield variety kelp seedlings are clamped. The kelp is attached to the seedling rope through the rhizoid wrapped seedling rope and suspended in seawater to grow, large kelp can be pulled by stronger large wave flow impact and can fall off from the seedling rope more easily, and the large kelp can fall off seriously especially in the early stage of kelp harvesting. At present, the problem that large individual kelp drops off seriously on a cultivation seedling rope is urgently needed to be solved in kelp cultivation production.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention aims to provide a cultivation seedling rope for preventing kelp from falling off and a seedling clamping method. The invention provides a seedling raising rope and a seedling clamping method which are simple to operate, can reduce the production cost and can reduce the rope-off rate of kelp.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect of the invention, a cultivation seedling rope for preventing kelp from falling off is provided, and the seedling rope is prepared by the following method:
(1) weaving two carpet leftover materials into a strand of rope anticlockwise;
(2) and (3) weaving the three ropes obtained in the step (1) clockwise to obtain the breeding seedling rope with the diameter of 2-3 cm.
Preferably, in the step (1), the carpet leftover materials are made of polyethylene velvet, and the width of each carpet leftover material is 0.8-1.2 cm.
Preferably, in the step (2), the weaving pitch of the breeding seedling rope is 3-5 cm. If the weaving pitch is too small and the diameter of the seedling rope is too large, the three ropes are not easy to be unscrewed to leak out of the gaps between the ropes in the seedling clamping process, the operation is labor-consuming and time-consuming, meanwhile, the kelp seedling rhizoid which is unscrewed from the gaps of the seedling rope is put in, and the kelp seedling rhizoid can be clamped and broken when the seedling rope is recovered to be in an untwisted state; if the weaving pitch is too large and the diameter of the rope is too small, the seedling clamping force of the seedling rope is small, and the seedlings are easy to fall off.
In a second aspect of the invention, the invention provides the application of the cultivation seedling rope for preventing kelp from falling off in high-yield kelp cultivation seedling clamping.
Preferably, the high-yield kelp is kelp with the weight of more than or equal to 2Kg of the mature fresh vegetable of a single plant of kelp.
The third aspect of the invention provides a seedling clamping method for preventing kelp from falling off, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the kelp seedlings are clamped by utilizing the cultured seedling ropes, 4 kelp seedlings are taken as one group, the interval between the groups is 25-30cm, and the interval between the kelp seedlings in each group is 3-5 cm.
Preferably, the distance between the first group of kelp seedlings and the top end of the cultivation seedling rope is 10-20 cm; the distance between the last group of kelp seedlings and the tail end of the cultivation seedling rope is 10-20 cm.
Preferably, the method for clamping the kelp seedling on the cultivation seedling rope comprises the following steps: and (3) twisting and loosening the seedling ropes from one ends of the cultured seedling ropes against the weaving direction of the seedling ropes, so that gaps are leaked among the three strands of the seedling ropes, and 1 kelp seedling is clamped into the gaps along the direction vertical to the seedling ropes, so that the seedling ropes are not leaked from the kelp seedling rhizomes, and the state before the three strands of the seedling ropes are twisted is recovered.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the traditional seedling raising rope is formed by spinning 3 strands of spinning ropes together, each spinning rope is spun by dozens of hundreds of filaments in the same direction, and kelp rhizoid cannot penetrate into the middle of the spinning ropes and the middle of the filaments. The raw material of the seedling rope for cultivation is the carpet leftover material made of polyethylene, the carpet leftover material is composed of polyethylene floss, and the rhizoid generated by the kelp can penetrate into the polyethylene floss seedling rope and even form a whole, so that the seedling rope is firmly tied by the kelp rhizoid, and the kelp falling risk is reduced.
2. The seedling rope is made of softer material than the traditional polyethylene rope, and is easy for kelp seedling clamping operation;
3. when the cultivation is carried out in the sea area, the seedling ropes are stressed and tensioned by ocean currents and ocean waves. However, the seedling rope provided by the invention absorbs water and expands due to the material, so that the tensile force of the rope is reduced, and the risk that the seedling rope pinches off the root and stem of the kelp seedling is reduced.
4. The seedling ropes with the kelp seedlings clamped are hung on the floating rafts, and the seedling ropes are easy to absorb water and expand, so that the contact area between the seedling ropes and the kelp rhizoids is increased, the kelp seedlings can be clamped more firmly, and the risk that the kelp seedlings are washed away by ocean current impact is reduced;
5. the traditional seedling rope kelp seedling clamping method is that the distance between plants is 10-12cm, the distance is larger than the coverage area of the root system of the mature kelp rhizoid on the seedling rope, the root system of each kelp rhizoid and the seedling rope are separately wound, and the winding force is small. The distance between 4 strains of kelp is 3-5cm, and is smaller than the coverage area of mature kelp rhizoid on the seedling rope, the kelp rhizoids are gradually lengthened along with the growth of kelp seedlings, are mutually wound and bound together, are criss-cross and are simultaneously wound and bound with the seedling rope, the winding strength of the rhizoids and the seedling rope is greatly enhanced, and the kelp is not easy to fall off from the seedling rope.
6. The internal space between 4 kelp seedlings on the seedling rope is small, but the space between 4 kelp seedlings and adjacent 4 kelp seedlings is 25-30cm and is larger than the traditional seedling clamping space of 10-12cm, so that the water flow can be increased, and the sufficient supply of nutrient salt is ensured; can also improve the illumination effect and is beneficial to the growth of the kelp.
Drawings
FIG. 1: preparing a photo of carpet leftover materials needed by seedling rope cultivation;
FIG. 2: photos of the breeding seedling rope;
FIG. 3: traditional kelp seedling clamping cultivation photos;
FIG. 4: the breeding photos of the seedling clamping method of the invention;
FIG. 5: schematic representation of the weaving pitch.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
Definition of terms: the weave pitch is the linear distance of one rotation of each carpet leftover or strand around the center (see figure 5).
As introduced in the background art, the problem of high seedling falling rate is easily caused by clamping the seedlings of the high-yield kelp varieties by using the traditional breeding seedling ropes. And the kelp is attached to the seedling rope through the rhizoid-wrapped seedling rope and suspended in seawater to grow, so that the large individual kelp can be impacted and pulled by stronger large wave flow and can fall off from the seedling rope more easily, and particularly, the large individual kelp falls off seriously at the early stage of kelp harvesting. Based on the above, the invention provides a cultivation seedling rope for preventing kelp from falling off and a seedling clamping method. The seedling rope is prepared by the following method:
(1) weaving two carpet leftover materials into a strand of rope anticlockwise;
(2) and (3) weaving the three ropes obtained in the step (1) clockwise to obtain the breeding seedling rope with the diameter of 2-3 cm.
The method for clamping the kelp seedlings by using the seedling rope comprises the following steps: the kelp seedlings are clamped by utilizing the cultured seedling ropes, 4 kelp seedlings are taken as one group, the interval between the groups is 25-30cm, and the interval between the kelp seedlings in each group is 3-5 cm. The distance between the first group of kelp seedlings and the top end of the cultivation seedling rope is 10-20 cm; the distance between the last group of kelp seedlings and the tail end of the cultivation seedling rope is 10-20 cm. The seedling clamping method for clamping the kelp seedlings on the cultivation seedling ropes comprises the following steps: and (3) twisting and loosening the seedling ropes from one ends of the cultured seedling ropes against the weaving direction of the seedling ropes, so that gaps are leaked among the three strands of the seedling ropes, and 1 kelp seedling is clamped into the gaps along the direction vertical to the seedling ropes, so that the seedling ropes are not leaked from the kelp seedling rhizomes, and the state before the three strands of the seedling ropes are twisted is recovered.
The cultured seedling rope is prepared by adopting carpet leftover materials (as shown in figure 1), so that the waste utilization can be realized, and the production cost of the cultured seedling rope can be reduced. Compared with the traditional breeding seedling rope, the breeding seedling rope prepared by the carpet leftover materials (as shown in figure 2) is very soft and is easy for kelp seedling clamping operation; the breeding seedling rope prepared from the carpet leftover materials absorbs water and expands when meeting seawater, and the expanded breeding seedling rope can clamp the kelp seedlings clamped in the middle more firmly. Meanwhile, the seedling rope is stressed and tensioned by ocean currents and sea waves, and the risk that the seedling rope pinches the root and stem of the kelp seedling can be weakened due to the soft material of the seedling rope. The diameter of the breeding seedling rope is 2-3 cm, and if the diameter is too large, the weaving pitch of the seedling rope is smaller, the seedling rope is tighter to weave, and the kelp rhizoid is not easy to insert; the diameter is too small, the weaving pitch of the seedling rope is larger, the seedling rope is looser to weave, and the seedling rope for cultivation can absorb water and swell to play a role in clamping the kelp rhizoid when meeting seawater. Therefore, the diameter and the pitch of the cultivation seedling rope play an important role in whether the kelp seedlings are firmly clamped or not.
The traditional seedling rope kelp seedling clamping method is that the distance between plants is 10-12cm, the distance is larger than the covering length of mature kelp rhizoid tied on a seedling rope, each kelp rhizoid and the seedling rope are independently wound, and the winding force is small. According to the invention, the distance between 4 kelp seedlings is 3-5cm, and the weaving pitch of the kelp seedling rope is 3-5cm, so that the distance between the kelp seedlings in 1 group is 1 weaving pitch during seedling clamping, the distance between each group of kelp seedlings is 25-30cm, and the weaving pitch of each group can be calculated according to the weaving pitch, so that the seedling clamping can be carried out without measuring the distance between the kelp seedlings during seedling clamping. This interval is less than the cover length of ripe kelp rhizoid on the seedling rope, and the kelp rhizoid is as the root system of kelp seedling growth grow gradually lengthens, twines mutually and ties up together, and vertically and horizontally staggered twines with the seedling rope again and ties up, has strengthened the winding of rhizoid and seedling rope greatly and has tied up the intensity, and the kelp is difficult to drop from the seedling rope. Meanwhile, the internal space between every 4 kelp seedlings on the seedling rope is small, every 4 kelp seedlings form a group, the space between every two groups is 25-30cm and is larger than the traditional seedling clamping space of 10-12cm, the water flow can be increased, and the sufficient supply of nutrient salt is ensured; can also improve the illumination effect and is beneficial to the growth of the kelp.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
The test materials used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional in the art and commercially available.
Examples
In the area of Dalian Shunjun Huangjin mountain, kelp seedling of high-yield variety kelp of 205 is selected during kelp seedling clamping in 11 months of 2018, the woven breeding rope made of polyethylene carpet in the invention is firstly watered with natural seawater, the length of each seedling rope is 8m, then three strands of the seedling ropes are unscrewed by seedling clamping personnel against the winding direction of the seedling ropes, the roots of kelp seedlings of about 20cm are clamped on the seedling ropes, the seedling clamping distance is 4 cm, and 1 group of 4 seedlings is selected. And (4) clamping another group of kelp seedlings at an interval of 25cm until the whole kelp seedling is completely clamped by the rope, and clamping 76 kelp seedlings (as shown in figure 4). 5 kelp seedling ropes are clamped by the same method.
Comparative example
The traditional kelp seedling rope and seedling clamping method is adopted to clamp kelp seedlings of 205, the length of each seedling rope is 8m, each kelp seedling rope clamps 76 seedlings, the distance between every two kelp seedlings is 10cm (as shown in figure 3), and 5 kelp seedling ropes are clamped out in the same way.
After the kelp seedlings of the examples and the comparative examples were clamped on the seedling ropes, the seedling ropes were transported to the sea area by sea area cultivation staff using a cultivation boat, and the 10 kelp seedling ropes were hung and cultivated between 2 buoyant rafts. And hanging the two ends of the seedling ropes on the floating raft, wherein the parallel distance between every 2 seedling ropes is 1.5 m.
The number of kelp is counted when the kelp is harvested in 2019 in 6 months, and the result is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the comparative example is that the kelp is cultivated by adopting the traditional seedling clamping method, and the dropping rate of the kelp is counted when the kelp is harvested, and is 26%. The embodiment is that the kelp is cultivated by adopting the seedling clamping method, and the dropping rate of the kelp is increased when the kelp is harvested. By adopting the method, the kelp shedding rate is reduced by 18.2 percent on average. The cultivation yield of the kelp is improved, and the cultivation cost is reduced.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (2)
1. A seedling clamping method for preventing kelp from falling off is characterized by comprising the following steps: clamping the kelp seedlings by using the cultured seedling ropes, taking 4 kelp seedlings as a group, wherein the interval between the groups is 25-30cm, and the interval between the kelp seedlings in each group is 3-5 cm;
the distance between the first group of kelp seedlings and the top end of the cultivation seedling rope is 10-20 cm; the distance between the last group of kelp seedlings and the tail end of the cultivation seedling rope is 10-20 cm;
the method for clamping the kelp seedling on the cultivation seedling rope comprises the following steps: twisting and loosening the seedling rope from one end of the cultivation seedling rope against the weaving direction of the seedling rope to enable gaps to be leaked among three strands of the seedling rope and clamp 1 kelp seedling into the gaps along the direction vertical to the seedling rope, so that the seedling rope is not leaked from the false roots of the kelp seedlings, and the state before the three strands of the seedling rope are twisted is recovered;
the breeding seedling rope is prepared by the following method:
(1) weaving two carpet leftover materials into a strand of rope anticlockwise; the carpet leftover materials are made of polyethylene velvet, and the width of each carpet leftover material is 0.8-1.2 cm;
(2) weaving three strands of ropes obtained in the step (1) clockwise to obtain breeding seedling ropes with the diameter of 2-3 cm; the weaving pitch of the breeding seedling rope is 3-5 cm.
2. The use of the method of claim 1 in high-yield kelp cultivation, wherein the kelp is a single plant of mature fresh kelp weighing greater than or equal to 2 Kg.
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