CN111406492A

CN111406492A - Garlic harvester

Info

Publication number: CN111406492A
Application number: CN202010343012.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张全忠
Original assignee: Xuzhou Tengersheng Machinery Equipment Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Xuzhou Tengersheng Machinery Equipment Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-04-27
Filing date: 2020-04-27
Publication date: 2020-07-14

Abstract

The invention discloses a garlic harvester which comprises a header arranged on a tractor, wherein the header comprises a soil shoveling unit, a chain lifting unit, a positioning mechanism, a beard cutting mechanism, a stem cutting mechanism and a driving unit; the shoveling unit is used for separating the garlic from the soil layer, the chain lifting unit is used for conveying the garlic into the collecting box, and the positioning mechanism is used for positioning the garlic in the lifting process; the driving unit comprises an eccentric mechanism for driving the movable cutter to move, a chain transmission mechanism for driving the lifting chain to rotate, and a power source for driving the blade of the hair cutting mechanism to rotate and driving the positioning wheel to rotate. The invention utilizes the header to realize the combined harvesting of the garlic, and realizes the one-stop operation of loosening the soil, separating the native garlic, cutting the beard, cutting the stem and returning the garlic to the bin, so that the harvested garlic is more regular, and the labor intensity is greatly reduced.

Description

Garlic harvester

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a garlic harvester.

Background

When garlic is harvested, in order to ensure the integrity of garlic bulbs and garlic seedlings, the ground breaking operation is required. The garlic harvesting mode adopted at present mainly adopts manual shovel blade soil breaking and mechanical equipment soil breaking, and the labor intensity is higher due to the manual soil breaking.

In addition, although the prior art also shows an oversize garlic harvester, the basic principle is that a clamping mechanism is used for clamping and conveying garlic stems, and then the garlic stems are conveyed to a collecting position, so that the garlic harvester has a single function, can only collect garlic and cannot further finely process the garlic, and subsequently, great labor is required to be invested; in addition, due to the special condition of the garlic, that is, the garlic bulbs with the size have high requirements on the clamping mechanism during the clamping and conveying process, especially if other operations (such as beard cutting and stem cutting) are involved in the garlic conveying process, if the clamping is not stable enough, the probability of garlic falling is very high, which causes waste, and affects other subsequent processing works (such as beard cutting and stem cutting).

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the technical deficiencies, the invention aims to provide a garlic harvester which realizes the combined harvesting of garlic by utilizing a soil shoveling unit, a chain lifting unit, a positioning mechanism, a hair cutting mechanism, a stem cutting mechanism and a driving unit, realizes one-stop operation of loosening soil, separating the soil garlic, cutting hair, cutting stems and returning the soil garlic to a bin, ensures that the harvested garlic can obtain more consistent lengths, cuts off a part of garlic hairs, further obtains more regular garlic, and greatly reduces the labor intensity.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a garlic harvester, which comprises a header arranged on a tractor, wherein the header is rotationally arranged on the tractor through two symmetrical supporting arms, the supporting arms are rotationally connected with two side plates of the header, a driving cylinder is arranged between each supporting arm and each side plate, and the header comprises a soil shoveling unit, a chain lifting unit, a positioning mechanism, a beard shearing mechanism, a stem shearing mechanism and a driving unit;

the shoveling unit is used for separating the garlic from the soil layer and comprises a movable knife capable of reciprocating;

the chain lifting unit is used for conveying garlic into the collecting box and comprises two lifting chains which are parallel and reverse in rotation direction and four lifting chain wheels positioned at two ends of the two lifting chains, the lifting chains are obliquely arranged, one ends of the lifting chains, which are close to the ground, are fixed ends, and the ends of the lifting chains, which are far away from the ground, are floating ends; the adjacent sides of the two lifting chains are tightly attached together and used for clamping the stems of the garlic;

the garlic lifting mechanism is used for lifting garlic, and comprises positioning wheels which can move oppositely or back to back, the two positioning wheels have opposite rotation directions, and when the garlic passes through the two positioning wheels, the two positioning wheels clamp stems of the garlic and enable the garlic to ascend; the beard cutting mechanism comprises a guide frame and a blade arranged on the guide frame; the stem shearing mechanism comprises two blades which are overlapped together, and the two overlapped blades are opposite in rotation direction; the driving unit comprises an eccentric mechanism for driving the movable cutter to move, a chain transmission mechanism for driving the lifting chain to rotate, and a power source for driving the blade of the hair cutting mechanism to rotate and driving the positioning wheel to rotate.

Preferably, the two lifting sprockets close to the ground are respectively fixed on a cross beam through a first fixing rod, and the cross beam is fixed between the two side plates;

two lifting chain wheels far away from the ground float relative to the side plates through a floating rod respectively, a connecting rod mechanism is arranged on the floating rod, and the connecting rod mechanism is fixed between the two side plates through a cross beam;

the connecting rod mechanism comprises a floating sleeve which is rotationally connected with the floating rod, a second connecting rod and a T-shaped connecting rod which can rotate are fixed on the floating sleeve, a first connecting rod which is rotationally connected with the T-shaped connecting rod is arranged at the end part of the T-shaped connecting rod, which is far away from the floating sleeve, and the first connecting rod is fixed on the cross beam;

the first connecting rod, the second connecting rod and the T-shaped connecting rod are all on the same plane;

the first connecting rod and the T-shaped connecting rod are both provided with an adjusting bolt in a threaded manner, the adjusting bolt on the first connecting rod abuts against the T-shaped connecting rod, and the adjusting bolt on the T-shaped connecting rod abuts against the second connecting rod;

and a traction spring is arranged between the cross beam fixedly connected with the first connecting rod and the T-shaped connecting rod, and two ends of the traction spring are respectively fixed with the cross beam and the T-shaped connecting rod.

Preferably, the chain lifting unit further comprises a tensioning mechanism, the tensioning mechanism comprises two tensioning columns respectively located in the middle of the two lifting chains, one end of each tensioning column is fixed to a corresponding first fixing rod, and the other end of each tensioning column is connected with a cross beam through a second fixing rod and fixed between the two side plates;

the near sides of the two tensioning columns are respectively fixed with a first elastic sheet, the far sides of the two tensioning columns are respectively fixed with a second elastic sheet, a plurality of uniformly distributed supporting springs are arranged between the first elastic sheet and the tensioning columns and between the second elastic sheet and the tensioning columns, and the first elastic sheet and the second elastic sheet are tightly attached to the lifting chain.

Preferably, a plurality of uniformly distributed supporting chain wheels are arranged on the tensioning column, a waist-shaped groove is formed in each supporting chain wheel, a limiting column fixed on the tensioning column is arranged in each waist-shaped groove, each supporting chain wheel is connected with the corresponding limiting column in a sliding mode, a spring is further fixed in each waist-shaped groove, one end of each spring is fixed on each limiting column, and the other end of each spring abuts against the corresponding waist-shaped groove;

the tensioning column is provided with a plurality of first elastic sheets, the number of the first elastic sheets on the same tensioning column is one more than that of the supporting chain wheels, and the first elastic sheets and the supporting chain wheels are distributed alternately.

Preferably, the positioning wheel is columnar, a plurality of notches which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction are formed in the outer wall of the positioning wheel, the two positioning wheels are respectively positioned above the two lifting chains, the positioning wheel is rotatably arranged on a positioning cylinder, and a first motor for driving the positioning wheel to rotate is arranged at the end part, far away from the positioning wheel, of the positioning cylinder;

the chain lifting unit is characterized in that the positioning cylinder is fixed on the chain lifting unit through a hinge, one end of the hinge is fixed on the positioning cylinder, the other end of the hinge is fixed on the chain lifting unit, and a tensioning spring is arranged between the positioning cylinder and the chain lifting unit.

Preferably, one end of the positioning wheel, which is far away from the positioning cylinder, is tapered, the outer diameter of the positioning wheel is larger than that of the positioning cylinder, and the projection of the shell of the first motor on the bottom surface of the positioning cylinder falls into the bottom surface of the positioning cylinder.

Preferably, the two blades of the stem shearing mechanism are respectively fixed on two floating rods of the chain lifting unit through an adjusting sleeve, and a bolt is assembled on the adjusting sleeve in a threaded manner and tightly abutted on the floating rods; the blade of the stem shearing mechanism and the blade of the beard shearing mechanism are both regular hexagonal thin blade knives.

Preferably, the soil shoveling unit comprises a movable blade bracket, and the movable blade bracket is fixed between the two side plates through a cross beam; a movable knife guide sleeve is fixed on the fixed knife bracket, a movable knife push rod capable of sliding is arranged in the movable knife guide sleeve, a movable knife bar is fixed on the movable knife push rod, and the movable knife is fixed on the movable knife bar;

the eccentric mechanism comprises a hinge rod and a movable cutter driving shaft, the hinge rod is rotatably connected with the movable cutter push rod, an eccentric wheel is fixed on the movable cutter driving shaft, and the hinge rod is rotatably connected with the eccentric wheel through a bearing; the movable knife driving shaft is rotatably connected with the two side plates, and one end of the movable knife driving shaft extends out of one side plate and is fixed with a belt pulley.

Preferably, the chain transmission mechanism comprises a driving chain wheel which rotates coaxially with the floating rod, and the two driving chain wheels are respectively positioned in two parallel planes; a speed reducer is fixed on one of the side plates, and a driving chain for driving the driving chain wheel to rotate is arranged on an output shaft of the speed reducer; and support frames are further fixed on two sides of the driving chain wheel, and third elastic sheets used for being attached to the driving chain are fixed on the support frames.

Preferably, the power supply is the motor, the positioning mechanism below still is provided with cleans the unit, clean the unit including can the pivoted cleaning barrel brush, cleaning barrel brush's both ends be provided with two the axis of rotation that the curb plate rotates to be connected, one of them one end of axis of rotation extends to outside the curb plate and is fixed with the belt pulley.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) according to the soil shoveling mechanism, the soil layer is loosened through the reciprocating motion of the soil shoveling unit, the soil shoveling mechanism forms a rotating pair by combining the eccentric wheel and the bearing, and compared with a traditional multi-connecting-rod mechanism, the soil shoveling mechanism is more compact in structure and more stable in motion while realizing the reciprocating motion, and the soil shoveling unit has stronger soil shoveling capacity due to the fact that the bearing has excellent radial bearing capacity.

(2) The garlic clamping device has the advantages that the garlic is more stable when clamped by the chain lifting unit in a structure that one end of the chain lifting unit is fixed and the other end of the chain lifting unit is suspended, the flexible clamping can adapt to the impact caused by uneven external road surface, vehicle vibration and the like, a certain buffering effect can be started, the impact force on the garlic in the transmission process is reduced, and the garlic falling probability is further reduced; in addition, the suspension structure provides a structural basis for the later beard cutting operation, can be matched with the beard cutting mechanism, can adapt to the change of the garlic size, and enables the beard cutting mechanism to accurately catch garlic beards so as to cut the beards.

(3) According to the garlic clamping device, garlic is clamped in a mode of the two chains, the two chains at the clamping position are always in a tensioning state by utilizing the characteristic that the two chains are opposite in rotation direction, so that the garlic clamping effect is further ensured, meanwhile, the chains are tensioned in a spring plate mode, the garlic clamping length can be increased, the clamping force of garlic can be kept in the garlic clamping and conveying process, and the garlic falling probability is further reduced.

(4) According to the invention, the supporting chain wheel is arranged on the chain, so that on one hand, the supporting chain wheel can play a local tensioning role, on the other hand, the supporting chain wheel can be matched with the floating of the chain lifting unit to support the chain, the supporting points of the chain in the transmission direction are increased, the length of the chain is indirectly shortened, the falling phenomenon of the long-distance chain due to self weight is reduced, and the phenomenon that the chain is disengaged from the chain wheel is avoided.

(5) According to the garlic harvesting machine, due to the arrangement of the beard shearing mechanism and the stem shearing mechanism, garlic is harvested in a combined manner, so that one-stop operation from soil loosening, garlic separation, beard shearing, stem shearing and warehousing is realized, and the labor intensity is greatly reduced; simultaneously can make the garlic obtain promoting before cutting palpus and shearing the stem under positioning mechanism's effect for the location of garlic is more accurate, so that subsequent accurate cutting palpus and shearing the stem, and then obtains comparatively regular garlic.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a garlic harvester according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the header;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a plurality of scraper units;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the scraper unit;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a plurality of earth-engaging units and a plurality of sprocket-lift units;

FIG. 6 is a plan view of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the linkage mechanism and the float lever;

FIG. 8 is a plan view of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a partial top view of the chain hoist unit;

FIG. 10 is a partial bottom view of the chain hoist unit;

FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of portion B of FIG. 10;

FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of section C of FIG. 10;

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the positioning mechanism;

FIG. 15 is a plan view of FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the construction of the hair cutting mechanism;

FIG. 17 is a schematic structural view of a stem shearing mechanism;

FIG. 18 is a schematic view of the chain drive configuration;

fig. 19 is a schematic view of the guide bar and chain hoist unit.

Description of reference numerals: 1-harvesting table, 11-side plate, 12-supporting arm, 13-driving cylinder, 2-earth shoveling unit, 21-movable knife bracket, 211-movable knife guide sleeve, 212-movable knife push rod, 22-movable knife rod, 221-movable knife, 23-hinged rod, 24-movable knife driving shaft, 25-eccentric wheel, 26-bearing, 3-chain lifting unit, 31-connecting rod mechanism, 311-floating sleeve, 312-first connecting rod, 313-T connecting rod, 314-second connecting rod, 315-adjusting bolt, 316-drawing spring, 32-first fixing rod, 33-floating rod, 34-second fixing rod, 35-lifting chain, 36-lifting chain wheel, 37-driving chain wheel, 38-supporting chain wheel, 381-waist-shaped groove, 382-limiting column, 39-tensioning column, 391-first elastic sheet, 392-second elastic sheet, 393-supporting spring, 4-chain transmission mechanism, 41-speed reducer, 42-supporting frame, 43-third elastic sheet, 5-positioning mechanism, 51-positioning cylinder, 52-positioning wheel, 521-notch, 53-first motor, 54-hinge, 55-tensioning spring, 6-trimming mechanism, 61-guide frame, 611-guide groove, 62-second motor, 7-diameter shearing mechanism, 71-adjusting sleeve, 8-blade, 9-cleaning cylinder brush, 001-beam, 002-conveyor belt and 003-guide rod.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example (b): as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a garlic harvester, which comprises a header 1 mounted on a tractor, wherein the header 1 comprises two side plates 11 fixed together through a cross beam 001, a supporting arm 12 capable of rotating is arranged on each side plate 11, a driving cylinder 13 is arranged between each supporting arm 12 and each side plate 11, each supporting arm 12 is fixed on the tractor, a cylinder body and an extending end of each driving cylinder 13 are respectively connected with each supporting arm 12 and each side plate 11 in a rotating manner, and the side plates 11 are rotated by stretching of the driving cylinders 13.

The harvesting platform further comprises a soil shoveling unit 2, a chain lifting unit 3, a positioning mechanism 5, a beard shearing mechanism 6, a stem shearing mechanism 7 and a driving unit, wherein the soil shoveling unit 2 is used for separating garlic from a soil layer, the chain lifting unit 3 is used for conveying the garlic into a collecting box, the collecting box is arranged on a tractor, a conveying belt 002 is arranged at the tail end of the chain lifting unit 3, and the lifted garlic is conveyed into the collecting box through the conveying belt 7; the positioning mechanism 5 is used for positioning the garlic in the process of lifting the garlic; the beard cutting mechanism 6 is used for cutting the beard of the garlic; the stem shearing mechanism 7 is used for cutting off the stems of the garlic; the driving unit provides power for the soil shoveling unit 2, the chain lifting unit 3, the positioning mechanism 5, the hair cutting mechanism 6 and the stem cutting mechanism 7, and comprises an eccentric mechanism for driving the movable knife to move 221, a chain transmission mechanism 4 for driving the lifting chain 35 to rotate, a blade 8 for driving the hair cutting mechanism 6 to rotate and a power source for driving the positioning wheel 52 to rotate.

With reference to fig. 2, one chain lifting unit 3 can only harvest one row of garlic, so that in order to improve the harvesting efficiency, the chain lifting unit 3 is arranged in a plurality of side-by-side ways, i.e., as shown in fig. 2, a plurality of chain lifting units 3 are arranged thereon; the shovel units 2 may be provided in plurality, depending on the case.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the earth shoveling unit 2 comprises a movable blade bracket 21, and the movable blade bracket 21 is fixed between the two side plates 11 through a cross beam 001; a movable knife guide sleeve 211 is fixed on the movable knife bracket 21, a movable knife push rod 212 capable of sliding is arranged in the movable knife guide sleeve 211, a movable knife rod 22 is fixed on the movable knife push rod 212, and a movable knife 221 is fixed on the movable knife rod 22; the moving blade 221 reciprocates to shovel soil, and the moving blade 221 reciprocates through an eccentric mechanism;

the eccentric mechanism comprises a hinged rod 23 and a movable knife driving shaft 24, the hinged rod 23 is rotatably connected with the movable knife push rod 212, an eccentric wheel 25 is fixed on the movable knife driving shaft 24, and the hinged rod 23 is rotatably connected with the eccentric wheel 25 through a bearing 26; the movable knife driving shaft 24 is rotatably connected with the two side plates 11, and one end of the movable knife driving shaft 24 extends out of one side plate 11 and is fixed with a belt pulley; that is, the eccentric wheel 25 makes the hinge rod 23 have radial displacement by the rotation of the movable blade driving shaft 24, and then drives the movable blade push rod 212 to reciprocate, and finally the movable blade 221 shovels soil.

As shown in fig. 5 and 6, in fig. 5, for a schematic diagram of two chain lifting units 3, one chain lifting unit 3 includes two lifting chains 35 that are parallel and opposite in rotation direction and four lifting sprockets 36 that are located at two ends of the two lifting chains 35, the lifting chains 35 are disposed obliquely, one end of the lifting chains 35 close to the ground is a fixed end, and one end of the lifting chains 35 far from the ground is a floating end (the fixed end and the floating end in this application refer to that the plane where the lifting sprockets 36 are located is fixed and floating, and do not refer to that the lifting sprockets 36 are themselves fixed and can rotate); the close sides of the two lifting chains 35 are tightly attached together and used for clamping the stems of the garlic; that is, the garlic is clamped by the two lifting chains 35 rotating in opposite directions and by the lifting chains 35; due to the floating arrangement, the chain lifting unit 3 can generate a buffering effect in the lifting process, and meanwhile, a structural foundation is provided for subsequent beard cutting, the flexible clamping can adapt to the impact caused by uneven external road surface, vehicle vibration and the like, and the garlic falling probability is reduced; if the two ends adopt rigid structures, namely the lifting chain wheels 36 at the two ends of the lifting chain 35 are limited to be incapable of floating, when external impact force acts, such as road bumping, the two ends of the lifting chain 35 cannot float and can act on the lifting chain 35 directly, most of the impact force is transmitted to the chain, and clamping of the lifting chain 35 is influenced, and when external force acts, the floating structure absorbs a part of component force to act on the floating end, so that the impact force applied to the whole chain is reduced, and the probability of garlic falling is reduced;

in addition, due to the floating arrangement, one end of the lifting chain 35 can be adjusted at a certain distance, considering that the garlic still needs to be trimmed and cut stems subsequently, when the garlic needs to be trimmed, the blade needs to be accurately positioned at the position of the garlic beard, so that a guide structure (namely, a guide frame 61 in the beard shearing mechanism 6) needs to be arranged, the root of the garlic is attached to the guide frame 6, the blade 8 is arranged on the guide frame 6, and then the accurate position of the garlic beard is accurately captured for trimming, because the garlic is different in size, when large garlic is encountered, the garlic contacts the guide frame 61, and can be jacked up to the lifting chain 35 under the action of the guide frame 61, if one end of the lifting chain 35 is limited to be unable to float, the garlic cannot be jacked up, and then the garlic cannot be stopped or even falls; therefore, the floating arrangement also provides a structural basis for subsequent garlic processing; in addition, garlic still has littleer, therefore in the actual operation, the extreme position that the floating end descends can be adjusted a bit down in proper, and for example the external diameter of most garlic is 50mm, can make the floating end be in the lowest position can only pass through 45 mm's garlic, and the garlic that passes through 50mm needs upper and lower floating end, just so can carry out the accurate beard of most garlic.

Further, referring to fig. 2, two lifting sprockets 36 near the ground are respectively fixed on a cross beam 001 through a first fixing rod 32, the lifting sprockets 36 are rotatably disposed on the first fixing rod 36, and the cross beam 001 is fixed between the two side plates 11; namely, the fixing end of the chain lifting unit 3 is realized by the fixing of the first fixing lever 32 to the side plate 11;

two lifting chain wheels 36 far away from the ground float relative to the side plates 11 through a floating rod 33 respectively, the lifting chain wheels 36 are rotatably arranged on the floating rod 33, a connecting rod mechanism 31 is arranged on the floating rod 33, and the connecting rod mechanism 31 is fixed between the two side plates 1 through a cross beam 001; that is, the floating end of the chain hoist unit 3 is realized by the floating of the floating bar 33;

as shown in fig. 5, 6, 7, and 8, the floating of the floating rod 33 is achieved through the link mechanism 31, the link mechanism 31 includes a floating sleeve 311 rotationally connected to the floating rod 33, that is, the floating sleeve 311 is sleeved on the floating rod 33, in order to ensure the smooth rotation of the floating rod 33, a bearing capable of bearing an axial force may be disposed between the floating rod 33 and the floating sleeve 311, an inner ring of the bearing is fixed on the floating rod 33, and an outer ring of the bearing is fixed on an inner wall of the floating sleeve 311; a second connecting rod 314 and a rotatable T-shaped connecting rod 313 are fixed on the floating sleeve 311, a first connecting rod 312 which is rotatably connected with the end part of the T-shaped connecting rod 313 far away from the floating sleeve 311 is arranged on the end part of the T-shaped connecting rod 313, the first connecting rod 312 is fixed on a cross beam 001, and the cross beam 001 is fixed between the two side plates 11;

in addition, the first link 312, the second link 314 and the T-shaped link 313 are all on the same plane, so as to ensure that the floating rod 33 does not have a degree of freedom in the length direction of the cross beam 001.

An adjusting bolt 315 is assembled on the first connecting rod 312 and the T-shaped connecting rod 313 in a threaded manner, the adjusting bolt 315 on the first connecting rod 312 abuts against the T-shaped connecting rod 313, and the adjusting bolt 315 on the T-shaped connecting rod 313 abuts against the second connecting rod 314; thereby forming two degrees of freedom of rotation, which forms rotation with two points a and b as the rotation center, as shown by the arrows in fig. 8;

a pulling spring 316 is arranged between the cross beam 001 fixedly connected with the first connecting rod 312 and the T-shaped connecting rod 313, two ends of the pulling spring 316 are respectively fixed with the cross beam 001 and the T-shaped connecting rod 313, the pulling spring 316 is in a stretching state and acts for leveling the self-weight of the cross and other forces (such as friction force), because the whole mechanism is arranged obliquely and generates self-weight, the floating end of the chain lifting unit 3 is required to float and can be realized by overcoming external stress, therefore, a pulling spring 316 is required to be introduced to balance the force so as to realize the offset of the self-weight and other forces, so that the floating end is easier to swing, therefore, in the actual setting process, the elastic force of the pulling spring 316 needs to be reasonably selected according to the actual field, a plurality of adjustments are required to make the pulling spring 316 offset a part of the force, therefore, in the actual setting process, the adjustment of the elastic force of the pulling spring 316 can be set in an adjustable manner, for convenient adjustment, for example, a screw rod may be fixed at one end of the pulling spring 316, the screw rod is in threaded connection with the beam 001, and the other end is fixed on the T-shaped connecting rod 313, so as to adjust the pulling force of the spring by the depth screwed in the beam 001 by the screw rod; in addition, since the lifting chain 35 has a certain predetermined force during the installation process, the floating rod 33 has two degrees of freedom of rotation, and during the rotation process along the arrow in fig. 8, the floating rod is limited by the lifting chain 35, so that the floating rod 33 can rotate but has a limit position, and the other limit position is limited by the adjusting bolt 315, so that the floating rod 33 has a certain swing angle during the swing process, the swing angle is limited by the adjusting bolt 315 and the tensioning of the lifting chain 35, and the adjustment of the adjusting bolt 315 also controls the tensioning of the lifting chain 35, therefore, during the actual use, the adjusting bolt 315 can be finally used to control the swing angle, considering the chain drive, if the lifting chain wheel 36 at the floating end floats up and down for a large distance, which may cause the lifting chain 35 to trip, therefore, the floating distance of the floating-end lifting sprocket 36 in the vertical direction is preferably controlled to be within 3 cm.

Although the lifting chains 35 can be turned reversely, so that the garlic clamping position is always in a tensioned state, in order to further improve the clamping effect and reduce the garlic dropping rate, as shown in fig. 9-13, the chain lifting unit 3 further comprises a tensioning mechanism, the tensioning mechanism comprises two tensioning columns 39 respectively located in the middle of the two lifting chains 35, one end of each tensioning column 39 is fixed with the corresponding first fixing rod 32, and the other end of each tensioning column 39 is connected with a cross beam 001 through a second fixing rod 34 and fixed between the two side plates 11;

a first elastic sheet 391 is fixed on the near side of each of the two tensioning columns 39, a second elastic sheet 392 is fixed on the far side of each of the two tensioning columns 39, the first elastic sheet 391 and the second elastic sheet 392 are made of thin manganese steel, and the first elastic sheet 391 and the second elastic sheet 392 are both composed of a straight plate and two symmetrical inclined plates; the first elastic sheet 391 and the second elastic sheet 392 are both attached to the lifting chain 35; the tension columns 39 extend to the lifting sprockets 36 at both ends to make the spring plate contact more with the lifting chain 35; further, considering that the garlic is clamped by the two lifting chains 35 at the side close to each other, and the lifting sprockets 36 are further arranged at the two ends of the garlic, in order to make the first elastic sheet 391 contact with the lifting chains 35 more, as shown in fig. 11, an included angle between the straight plate and the inclined plate of the first elastic sheet 391 is an acute angle, while an included angle between the straight plate and the inclined plate on the second elastic sheet 392 can be set to be an obtuse angle or an acute angle as the second elastic sheet 392 does not participate in clamping the garlic;

furthermore, considering that a gap exists between the first elastic sheet 391 and the second elastic sheet 392 and the tensioning column 39, the elastic sheets cannot be well and completely abutted against the lifting chain 35, and therefore, a plurality of uniformly distributed supporting springs 393 are arranged between the first elastic sheet 391 and the tensioning column 39 and between the second elastic sheet 392 and the tensioning column 39, so that the function of the elastic sheets is increased, and the tensioning effect is ensured; it should be noted that, due to the existence of the floating rod 33, the widths of the first elastic sheet 391 and the second elastic sheet 392 need to be adapted to the floating distance of the floating rod 33, so as to ensure that the lifting chain 35 can be tensioned continuously.

Further, considering that the span of the lifting sprocket 35 is large, although there is a tensioning mechanism, in order to further improve the stability of the chain, a plurality of supporting chain wheels 38 are additionally arranged on the basis of the tensioning mechanism of the chain lifting unit 3, as shown in fig. 10 and 13 (fig. 10 only shows a schematic view of adding one supporting chain wheel 38), namely, a plurality of evenly distributed supporting chain wheels 38 are arranged on the tensioning column 39, a waist-shaped groove 381 is arranged on each supporting chain wheel 38, a limiting column 382 fixed on the tensioning column 39 is arranged in each waist-shaped groove 381, each supporting chain wheel 38 is connected with the corresponding limiting column 382 in a sliding mode, a spring is further fixed in each waist-shaped groove 381, one end of each spring is fixed on the corresponding limiting column 382, the other end of each spring abuts against the corresponding waist-shaped groove 381, and therefore the supporting chain wheels 38 are attached to the lifting chains 35;

due to the existence of the supporting chain wheel 38, originally, the first elastic sheet 391 arranged on the tensioning column 39 interferes with the supporting chain wheel 38, so that a plurality of first elastic sheets 391 are required to be arranged on the tensioning column 39 at the moment, the number of the first elastic sheets 391 on the same tensioning column 39 is one more than that of the supporting chain wheel 38, the first elastic sheets 391 and the supporting chain wheel 38 are distributed at intervals, and the first elastic sheets 391 at the moment still adopt a form that a straight plate and an inclined plate form an acute angle so as to increase the contact with the supporting chain 38; the support chain wheel 38 is added, so that on one hand, a local tensioning effect can be achieved, on the other hand, the support chain wheel can be matched with the floating of the chain lifting unit 3 to support the lifting chain 38, the supporting point of the lifting chain 38 in the transmission direction is increased, the length of the lifting chain 38 is indirectly shortened, the falling phenomenon of the long-distance chain due to self weight is reduced, and the phenomenon that the chain is disengaged from the chain wheel is avoided;

in addition, the addition of the supporting sprocket 38 is equivalent to dividing a complete first elastic sheet 391 into a plurality of shorter first elastic sheets 391, so that a vacuum belt without tension (as shown in fig. 13, h) is generated between the supporting sprocket 38 and the first elastic sheet 391, but it does not greatly affect the clamping and does not make the clamping force insufficient, on the one hand, when the lifting chain 35 rotates reversely, it has the clamping force itself, and the two supporting sprockets 38 also have the tension function themselves, although there is the vacuum belt h, because of the existence of the supporting sprocket 38 and the first elastic sheet 391, the distance of h is reduced to be short, which can be roughly considered as the radius of the supporting sprocket 391, so that the short distance h does not make the garlic clamping force generate a sharp reduction to generate garlic dropping.

For the power input of the chain lifting unit 3, it is implemented by using the chain transmission mechanism 4, that is, as shown in fig. 18, the chain transmission mechanism includes a driving sprocket 37 that rotates coaxially with the floating rod 33, in order to implement the synchronous and reverse rotation of the two lifting chains 35, the two driving sprockets 37 are respectively located in two parallel planes, that is, through the offset arrangement, the two driving sprockets are prevented from generating interference, and the transmission is implemented by using the speed reducer 41 fixed on the side plate 1, that is, one driving chain is arranged between the output shaft of the speed reducer 41 and the driving sprocket 37 to implement the chain transmission, the speed reducer 41 needs to have two output shafts that output synchronously, and the two output shafts rotate in opposite directions, the speed reducer is a product commonly sold in the market, and will not be described in detail.

Further, in order to improve the operation stability of the chain transmission mechanism 4 of the driving unit and the floating of the floating rod 33, the chain transmission mechanism 4 needs to be provided with a tensioning structure, that is, a structure similar to the chain lifting unit 3 can be adopted, that is, the supporting frames 41 are further fixed on both sides of the driving chain wheel 37, the supporting frames 41 are fixed with third elastic sheets 43 used for being attached to the driving chain, the third elastic sheets 43 are abutted to the driving chain to realize tensioning, the structure of the third elastic sheets 43 is the same as that of the second elastic sheets 392, and in addition, a plurality of supporting springs 393 can be further arranged between the third elastic sheets 43 and the supporting frames 41, so that the tensioning effect is improved; it should be noted that, since the driving sprocket 37 is acted by the floating rod 33, it will float to some extent, so that the width of the third elastic sheet 43 is adapted to the floating distance of the driving sprocket 37 to ensure that the driving chain can be engaged with the driving sprocket 37, and the driving chain is also provided with a certain degree of looseness to adapt to the floating when being installed in advance.

As shown in fig. 14 and 15, in order to accurately position the beard and stem scissors, the garlic stems clamped by the lifting chains 35 are not uniformly positioned during the garlic conveying process, so that in order to be more uniform, we choose to use the garlic heads contacting or closer to the lifting chains 35 as a uniform requirement, and arrange a positioning mechanism 5 on the chain lifting unit 3, that is:

the positioning mechanism 5 is used for positioning in the process that garlic is lifted, the positioning mechanism 5 includes positioning wheels 52 which can move in opposite directions or in opposite directions (it should be noted that the opposite movement or the opposite movement of the positioning wheels 52 refers to the movement of the whole garlic and does not refer to the rotating direction of the garlic, and the garlic can be clamped and lifted by the opposite movement or the opposite movement), the positioning wheels 52 are in a column shape, the two positioning wheels 52 rotate at the same speed, the rotation directions of the two positioning wheels 52 are opposite, when garlic passes through the two positioning wheels 52, the two positioning wheels 52 clamp the stems of the garlic and enable the position of the garlic to be raised, so that the garlic can be contacted with or be closer to the lifting chain 35;

the positioning wheels 52 move towards or away from each other through hinges 54 and tension springs 55, that is, the two positioning wheels 52 are respectively located above the two lifting chains 35, the positioning wheels 52 are rotatably arranged on the positioning barrel 51, and the end of the positioning barrel 51 far away from the positioning wheels 52 is provided with a first motor 53 for driving the positioning wheels 52 to rotate, that is, the first motor 53 serves as a power source of the positioning mechanism 5;

the positioning cylinder 51 is fixed on the tensioning column 39 on the chain lifting unit 3 through a hinge 54, namely, one end of the hinge 54 is fixed on the positioning cylinder 51, the other end of the hinge 54 is fixed on the tensioning column 39 on the chain lifting unit 3, and a tensioning spring 55 is arranged between the positioning cylinder 51 and the chain lifting unit 3; namely, a hinge 54 is used for forming a rotating fulcrum, the two positioning wheels 52 are close to each other through the action of a tension spring 55, and the garlic stems can be clamped and lifted up through the rotation of the positioning wheels 52;

further, in order to improve the action effect of the positioning wheel 52, one end of the positioning wheel 52, which is far away from the positioning cylinder 51, is tapered, the outer diameter of the positioning wheel 52 is larger than that of the positioning cylinder 51, and the projection of the housing of the first motor 53 on the bottom surface of the positioning cylinder 51 falls into the bottom surface of the positioning cylinder 51, i.e. the housing of the first motor 53 is prevented from influencing the transmission of garlic; the outer wall of the positioning wheel 52 can also be coated with a layer of rubber material to improve the friction force and the flexibility; in addition, it should be noted that the tensioning force of the tensioning spring 55 should not be too large, because the garlic still receives the lifting action of the lifting chain 35, if the clamping force of the positioning wheel 52 is too large, under the pulling of the lifting chain 35, the garlic can be pulled and inclined, and further, as shown in fig. 15, a plurality of notches 521 uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction are formed in the outer wall of the positioning wheel 52, and the notches 521 are arranged, so that when the positioning wheel 52 rotates, gaps are formed at the notches 521 of the two wheels, the garlic is further lost, the pulling of the garlic is reduced, and the garlic is inclined.

With reference to fig. 5 and 6, when the garlic is separated from the soil, a part of soil is carried on the garlic beards, for better beard cutting, a cleaning unit is arranged below the positioning mechanism 5, the cleaning unit comprises a rotatable cleaning drum brush 9, two ends of the cleaning drum brush 9 are provided with rotating shafts rotatably connected with two side plates 11, one end of one rotating shaft extends out of the side plates 11 and is fixed with a belt pulley, namely, the power input of the cleaning unit adopts belt transmission and can be in power connection with the belt pulley of the soil shoveling unit 2 through a belt; the cleaning drum brush 8 is provided with a brush, it should be noted that the rotation direction of the cleaning drum brush 8 is opposite to the lifting direction of the garlic (as shown in fig. 6, the circular arrow), and the brush has a certain flexibility to prevent the garlic from generating a large resistance to incline.

As shown in fig. 16, the hair cutting mechanism 6 includes a guide frame 61 and a blade 8 disposed on the guide frame 61, the guide frame 61 is fixed between the two side plates 11 through a cross beam 001, a tapered guide groove 611 is formed on the guide frame 61, and a second motor 62 for driving the blade 8 to rotate is fixed on one side of the guide groove 611, that is, the second motor 62 is used as a power source of the hair cutting mechanism 6; the distance from the guide frame 61 to the lifting chain 35 needs to be reasonably set so as to avoid overlarge or undersize distance between the guide frame 61 and the lifting chain 35, the guide frame can refer to the limit position of the floating end of the chain lifting unit 3 for descending, for example, the outer diameter of most garlic is 50mm, so that the garlic passing through 45mm can pass through the guide frame 61 and the lifting chain 35, and the garlic passing through 50mm needs to be lifted up to the lifting chain 35, so that most garlic can be accurately cut.

As shown in fig. 17, the stem shearing mechanism 7 comprises two blades 8 overlapped together, the two overlapped blades 8 are oppositely turned, the two blades 8 of the stem shearing mechanism 7 are respectively fixed on two floating rods 33 of the chain lifting unit 3 through an adjusting sleeve 71, and a bolt is screwed on the adjusting sleeve 71 and tightly abutted on the floating rods 33, so that the positions of the blades 8 for shearing stems can be adjusted to obtain stem lengths with different lengths; it can be seen that the power of the stem shearing mechanism 7 is obtained from the chain lifting unit 3, and since the blade 8 is fixed on the floating rod 33, it can rotate along with the floating rod 33, so that no additional power input is required.

In order to improve the cutting effect, the blade 8 of the stem shearing mechanism 7 and the blade 8 of the hair shearing mechanism 6 are regular hexagonal slice knives, and the blades with the structure can generate a cutting force along the radial direction of the blades in the process of high-speed rotation relative to the traditional circular blades, so that the cutting effect can be improved.

As shown in fig. 19, a guide rod 003 may be fixed to the first fixing rod 32 to guide the garlic into the lifting chain 35 for better guiding the loosened garlic.

When in use, the garlic is planted in multiple rows, so that a plurality of chain lifting units 3 and a plurality of shovel units 2 can be arranged between the two side plates 1 during actual design, so as to improve the harvesting efficiency; the shoveling is realized by the power input through the belt pulley on the shovel, the belt pulley can introduce power from the tractor through belt transmission, the moving blade driving shaft 24 rotates to drive the eccentric wheel 25 to rotate, and further drive the moving blade push rod 212 to reciprocate, so that the moving blade 221 reciprocates to realize shoveling, and meanwhile, the driving cylinder 12 can adjust the relative height of the side plate 11 relative to the ground to realize the depth of the moving blade 221 entering the soil; after shoveling soil, the garlic is loosened, and along with the advance of the tractor, the garlic is guided to the lifting chain 35 by the guide rod 003 to be clamped and lifted, and the lifting chain 35 realizes synchronous rotation through two driving chain wheels 37 with staggered heights; in the garlic lifting process, when garlic passes through the positioning mechanism 5, garlic stems are captured by the positioning wheel 52 and lifted up through the rotation of the positioning wheel 52, so that garlic heads contact with the lifting chain 35 or are closer to the lifting chain 35, and in the lifting process of the positioning wheel 52, the garlic stems cannot be continuously clamped by the positioning wheel by using the notch 521 on the positioning wheel, so that the inclination condition in the garlic conveying process is reduced, and meanwhile, the cleaning drum brush 9 rotates to clean the soil on garlic whiskers so as to facilitate the subsequent easier whisker cutting; in addition, the supporting chain wheel 38 forms a plurality of supporting points on the long-span lifting chain 35, so that the lifting chain 35 is prevented from excessively sagging, and meanwhile, the floating end of the chain lifting unit 3 forms a tiny swing in the garlic lifting process, so that buffering is generated, impact is reduced, and the garlic falling probability is reduced; when the garlic moves to the beard cutting mechanism 6, most garlic contacts the guide frame 61 (a small amount of very small garlic heads are removed) under the action of the guide frame 61 and is matched with the floating rod 33, so that the root of the garlic can accurately pass through the beard cutting blade 8, and then most garlic is accurately beard cut; when the garlic moves to the stem shearing mechanism 7, under the rotation of the two overlapped blades 8, the garlic stems are cut off, and the position of the blade 8 for shearing the stems can be changed by using the adjusting sleeve 71 to obtain different stem lengths; after the garlic is cut into stems, a conveyor belt 7 can be arranged below the floating rod 33, when the garlic is separated from the lifting chain 35, the garlic can fall onto the conveyor belt 7 and then is conveyed into a collection box arranged on a tractor through the conveyor belt 7, and therefore one-stop operation of loosening the soil, separating the garlic from the soil, cutting beards, cutting the stems and returning the garlic to the bin is achieved.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A garlic harvester comprises a header arranged on a tractor, wherein the header is rotatably arranged on the tractor through two symmetrical supporting arms, the supporting arms are rotatably connected with two side plates of the header, and a driving cylinder is arranged between the supporting arms and the side plates;

the garlic lifting mechanism is used for lifting garlic, and comprises positioning wheels which can move oppositely or back to back, the two positioning wheels have opposite rotation directions, and when the garlic passes through the two positioning wheels, the two positioning wheels clamp stems of the garlic and enable the garlic to ascend;

the beard cutting mechanism comprises a guide frame and a blade arranged on the guide frame;

the stem shearing mechanism comprises two blades which are overlapped together, and the two overlapped blades are opposite in rotation direction;

the driving unit comprises an eccentric mechanism for driving the movable cutter to move, a chain transmission mechanism for driving the lifting chain to rotate, and a power source for driving the blade of the hair cutting mechanism to rotate and driving the positioning wheel to rotate.

2. The garlic harvester of claim 1, wherein the two lifting sprockets near the ground are each secured to a cross beam by a first securing rod, the cross beam being secured between the two side plates;

3. The garlic harvester of claim 2, wherein the chain lifting unit further comprises a tensioning mechanism, the tensioning mechanism comprises two tensioning posts respectively located at the middle parts of the two lifting chains, one end of each tensioning post is fixed with a corresponding first fixing rod, and the other end of each tensioning post is connected with a cross beam through a second fixing rod and fixed between the two side plates;

4. The garlic harvester as claimed in claim 3, wherein the tension column is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed support sprockets, the support sprockets are provided with a waist-shaped groove, a limit column fixed on the tension column is arranged in the waist-shaped groove, the support sprockets are slidably connected with the limit column, a spring is further fixed in the waist-shaped groove, one end of the spring is fixed on the limit column, and the other end of the spring abuts against the waist-shaped groove;

5. The garlic harvester of claim 1, wherein the positioning wheel is cylindrical, and has a plurality of notches uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction on the outer wall thereof, the two positioning wheels are respectively positioned above the two lifting chains, the positioning wheel is rotatably disposed on a positioning cylinder, and a first motor for driving the positioning wheel to rotate is disposed at an end of the positioning cylinder away from the positioning wheel;

6. The garlic harvester of claim 5, wherein the end of the positioning wheel away from the positioning cylinder is tapered, the outer diameter of the positioning wheel is larger than that of the positioning cylinder, and the projection of the housing of the first motor on the bottom surface of the positioning cylinder falls into the bottom surface of the positioning cylinder.

7. The garlic harvester as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two blades of the stem shearing mechanism are respectively fixed on the two floating rods of the chain lifting unit through an adjusting sleeve, and the adjusting sleeve is threaded with a bolt which abuts against the floating rods;

the blade of the stem shearing mechanism and the blade of the beard shearing mechanism are both regular hexagonal thin blade knives.

8. The garlic harvester of claim 1, wherein the scraper unit comprises a movable knife holder, the movable knife holder is fixed between two side plates by a cross beam; a movable knife guide sleeve is fixed on the fixed knife bracket, a movable knife push rod capable of sliding is arranged in the movable knife guide sleeve, a movable knife bar is fixed on the movable knife push rod, and the movable knife is fixed on the movable knife bar;

9. The garlic harvester of claim 1, wherein the chain drive comprises a drive sprocket rotating coaxially with the floating rod, the two drive sprockets lying in two parallel planes; a speed reducer is fixed on one of the side plates, and a driving chain for driving the driving chain wheel to rotate is arranged on an output shaft of the speed reducer;

and support frames are further fixed on two sides of the driving chain wheel, and third elastic sheets used for being attached to the driving chain are fixed on the support frames.

10. The garlic harvester of claim 1, wherein the power source is a motor, a cleaning unit is further disposed below the positioning mechanism, the cleaning unit comprises a rotatable cleaning drum brush, two ends of the cleaning drum brush are provided with rotating shafts rotatably connected with the two side plates, and one end of one of the rotating shafts extends out of the side plates and is fixed with a belt pulley.