CN212487310U

CN212487310U - Garlic harvester's shearing mechanism

Info

Publication number: CN212487310U
Application number: CN202020669176.7U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张全忠
Original assignee: Xuzhou Tengersheng Machinery Equipment Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Xuzhou Tengersheng Machinery Equipment Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-04-27
Filing date: 2020-04-27
Publication date: 2021-02-09
Anticipated expiration: 2030-04-27

Abstract

The utility model discloses a cutting device of a garlic harvester, which comprises a soil and garlic separating mechanism arranged on two symmetrical side plates, wherein the soil and garlic separating mechanism is provided with a positioning mechanism, a beard cutting mechanism and a stem cutting mechanism; the soil and garlic separating mechanism comprises a chain lifting unit for clamping garlic for conveying, the soil and garlic separating mechanism is arranged on a tractor through two symmetrically arranged side plates, and the positioning mechanism is used for positioning in the process of lifting the garlic; the beard cutting mechanism comprises a guide frame and a blade arranged on the guide frame; the stem shearing mechanism comprises two blades which are overlapped together, and the two overlapped blades are opposite in rotation direction. The utility model discloses it is fixed to utilize chain hoisting unit one end, and the structure of other end suspension makes on the one hand more stable when the centre gripping to the garlic, and on the other hand cooperatees with trimming mechanism, can adapt to the change of garlic size, and makes trimming mechanism can be comparatively accurate catch the garlic palpus.

Description

Garlic harvester's shearing mechanism

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, concretely relates to shearing device of garlic harvester.

Background

When garlic is harvested, in order to ensure the integrity of garlic bulbs and garlic seedlings, the ground breaking operation is required. The garlic harvesting mode adopted at present mainly adopts manual shovel blade soil breaking and mechanical equipment soil breaking, and the labor intensity is high due to the manual soil breaking;

in addition, harvesting of garlic is not a simple work of taking garlic out of a soil layer, and the garlic harvesting machine also relates to a series of subsequent operations of cutting beard and stem and the like to finally obtain garlic, and the existing basic principle is that a clamping mechanism is utilized to clamp and convey garlic stems and then convey the garlic stems to a collecting place, so that the garlic harvesting machine lacks the operation of cutting the beard and the stem in the garlic harvesting process, and is further subjected to the special condition of garlic, namely the garlic has large garlic heads, the requirement on the clamping mechanism is higher in the clamping and conveying process, and if clamping is not stable enough, the probability of garlic falling is very high, and further waste is caused.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The technical insufficiency to the above-mentioned existence, the utility model aims at providing a garlic harvester's shearing mechanism utilizes chain hoisting unit one end fixed, the structure of other end suspension, make more stable when to the garlic centre gripping on the one hand, the impact that this kind of flexible centre gripping can adapt to the inequality in outside road surface and cause, and then reduce the probability of garlic, on the other hand cooperatees with trimming mechanism, can adapt to the change of garlic size, and make trimming mechanism can be comparatively accurate catch garlic palpus, and then trim the work.

In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a cutting device of a garlic harvester, which comprises a soil and garlic separating mechanism arranged on two symmetrical side plates, wherein the soil and garlic separating mechanism is provided with a positioning mechanism, a beard cutting mechanism and a stem cutting mechanism;

the garlic and garlic separating mechanism comprises a chain lifting unit for clamping garlic for conveying, the garlic and garlic separating mechanism is mounted on a tractor through two symmetrically arranged side plates, the chain lifting unit comprises two lifting chains which are parallel and reverse in rotation direction and four lifting chain wheels positioned at two ends of the two lifting chains, the lifting chains are obliquely arranged, one end of each lifting chain close to the ground is a fixed end, and the other end of each lifting chain far away from the ground is a floating end; the adjacent sides of the two lifting chains are tightly attached together and used for clamping the stems of the garlic;

the garlic lifting mechanism comprises two positioning wheels which can move oppositely or back to back, the two positioning wheels rotate oppositely, and when garlic passes through the two positioning wheels, the two positioning wheels clamp the stems of the garlic and lift the garlic;

the beard cutting mechanism comprises a guide frame and a blade arranged on the guide frame;

the stem shearing mechanism comprises two blades which are overlapped together, and the two overlapped blades are opposite in rotation direction.

Preferably, the positioning wheel is columnar, a plurality of notches which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction are formed in the outer wall of the positioning wheel, the two positioning wheels are respectively positioned above the two lifting chains, the positioning wheel is rotatably arranged on the positioning cylinder, and a first motor for driving the positioning wheel to rotate is arranged at the end part, far away from the positioning wheel, of the positioning cylinder;

the chain lifting unit is characterized in that the positioning cylinder is fixed on the chain lifting unit through a hinge, one end of the hinge is fixed on the positioning cylinder, the other end of the hinge is fixed on the chain lifting unit, and a tensioning spring is arranged between the positioning cylinder and the chain lifting unit.

Preferably, one end of the positioning wheel, which is far away from the positioning cylinder, is tapered, the outer diameter of the positioning wheel is larger than that of the positioning cylinder, and the projection of the shell of the first motor on the bottom surface of the positioning cylinder falls into the bottom surface of the positioning cylinder.

Preferably, the guide frame is provided with a tapered guide groove, one side of the guide groove is fixed with a second motor for driving the blade to rotate, and the guide frame is fixed between the two side plates through a cross beam.

Preferably, two lifting sprockets of the chain lifting unit close to the ground are respectively fixed on a cross beam through a first fixing rod, and the cross beam is fixed between two side plates;

two lifting chain wheels far away from the ground float relative to the side plates through a floating rod respectively, a connecting rod mechanism is arranged on the floating rod, and the connecting rod mechanism is fixed between the two side plates through a cross beam;

the connecting rod mechanism comprises a floating sleeve which is rotationally connected with the floating rod, a second connecting rod and a T-shaped connecting rod which can rotate are fixed on the floating sleeve, a first connecting rod which is rotationally connected with the T-shaped connecting rod is arranged at the end part of the T-shaped connecting rod, which is far away from the floating sleeve, and the first connecting rod is fixed on the cross beam;

the first connecting rod, the second connecting rod and the T-shaped connecting rod are all on the same plane;

the first connecting rod and the T-shaped connecting rod are both provided with an adjusting bolt in a threaded manner, the adjusting bolt on the first connecting rod abuts against the T-shaped connecting rod, and the adjusting bolt on the T-shaped connecting rod abuts against the second connecting rod;

and a traction spring is arranged between the cross beam fixedly connected with the first connecting rod and the T-shaped connecting rod, and two ends of the traction spring are respectively fixed with the cross beam and the T-shaped connecting rod.

Preferably, the chain lifting unit further comprises a tensioning mechanism, the tensioning mechanism comprises two tensioning columns respectively located in the middle of the two lifting chains, one end of each tensioning column is fixed to a corresponding first fixing rod, and the other end of each tensioning column is connected with a cross beam through a second fixing rod and fixed between the two side plates;

the near sides of the two tensioning columns are respectively fixed with a first elastic sheet, the far sides of the two tensioning columns are respectively fixed with a second elastic sheet, a plurality of uniformly distributed supporting springs are arranged between the first elastic sheet and the tensioning columns and between the second elastic sheet and the tensioning columns, and the first elastic sheet and the second elastic sheet are tightly attached to the lifting chain.

Preferably, a plurality of uniformly distributed supporting chain wheels are arranged on the tensioning column, a waist-shaped groove is formed in each supporting chain wheel, a limiting column fixed on the tensioning column is arranged in each waist-shaped groove, each supporting chain wheel is connected with the corresponding limiting column in a sliding mode, a spring is further fixed in each waist-shaped groove, one end of each spring is fixed on each limiting column, and the other end of each spring abuts against the corresponding waist-shaped groove;

the tensioning column is provided with a plurality of first elastic sheets, the number of the first elastic sheets on the same tensioning column is one more than that of the supporting chain wheels, and the first elastic sheets and the supporting chain wheels are distributed alternately.

Preferably, the two blades of the stem shearing mechanism are respectively fixed on two floating rods of the chain lifting unit through an adjusting sleeve, and a bolt is assembled on the adjusting sleeve in a threaded manner and tightly abutted on the floating rods;

the blade of the stem shearing mechanism and the blade of the beard shearing mechanism are both regular hexagonal thin blade knives.

Preferably, the soil and garlic separating mechanism further comprises a chain transmission mechanism for driving the lifting chain to rotate, the chain transmission mechanism comprises a driving chain wheel which coaxially rotates with the floating rod, and the two driving chain wheels are respectively positioned in two parallel planes; a speed reducer is fixed on one of the side plates, and a driving chain for driving the driving chain wheel to rotate is arranged on an output shaft of the speed reducer; and support frames are further fixed on two sides of the driving chain wheel, and third elastic sheets used for being attached to the driving chain are fixed on the support frames.

Preferably, the shearing device further comprises a cleaning unit arranged below the positioning mechanism, the cleaning unit comprises a cleaning barrel brush capable of rotating, two ends of the cleaning barrel brush are provided with rotating shafts rotatably connected with the two side plates, and one end of each rotating shaft extends out of the corresponding side plate and is fixed with a belt pulley.

The beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that:

(1) the utility model utilizes the structure that one end of the chain lifting unit is fixed and the other end is suspended, so that the garlic is more stable when being clamped, the flexible clamping can adapt to the impact caused by uneven external road surface, vehicle vibration and the like, a certain buffering effect can be started, the impact force on the garlic in the transmission process is reduced, and the garlic falling probability is further reduced; in addition, the suspension structure also provides a structural basis for the later beard cutting operation, can be matched with the beard cutting mechanism, and can adapt to the change of the garlic size, so that the beard cutting mechanism can accurately capture garlic beards, and then the beard cutting work is carried out;

(2) the utility model, through the arrangement of the beard cutting mechanism and the stem cutting mechanism, leads the harvesting of the garlic to be a combined harvesting, namely, realizes the one-stop operation from loosening the soil, separating the soil and the garlic, cutting the beard, cutting the stem and returning the garlic to the bin, and greatly reduces the labor intensity; simultaneously can make the garlic obtain promoting before cutting palpus and shearing the stem under positioning mechanism's effect for the location of garlic is more accurate, so that subsequent accurate cutting palpus and shearing the stem, and then obtains comparatively regular garlic.

(3) The utility model discloses a mode of two chains carries out the centre gripping to the garlic, and it utilizes two chains to turn to opposite characteristics for the state of tensioning is handled always to two chains of centre gripping department, and then has guaranteed the centre gripping effect of garlic, and the mode that adopts the shell fragment simultaneously carries out the tensioning to the chain, can increase the length to the centre gripping of garlic, makes the garlic can keep the clamp force at the in-process that the centre gripping was carried, and then reduces the probability that falls the garlic.

(4) The utility model discloses set up the supporting sprocket on the chain, on the one hand the supporting sprocket can play local tensioning effect, and on the other hand can cooperate with the unsteady of chain hoisting unit, and it supports the chain, increases the support point of chain on the transmission direction, and then the indirect length that shortens the chain reduces the long distance chain and because of the tenesmus phenomenon that the dead weight produced to avoid the phenomenon that chain and sprocket tripped.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a plurality of sprocket lifting units and a plurality of scraper units disposed on side plates;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a plurality of earth-engaging units and a plurality of sprocket-lift units;

FIG. 3 is a plan view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the positioning mechanism;

FIG. 5 is a plan view of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a beard cutting mechanism;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a stem shearing mechanism;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the linkage mechanism and the float lever;

FIG. 9 is a plan view of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a partial top view of the chain hoist unit;

FIG. 11 is a partial bottom view of the chain hoist unit;

FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of portion B of FIG. 11;

FIG. 14 is an enlarged view of portion C of FIG. 11;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the chain drive configuration;

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a plurality of the earth-engaging units;

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the scraper unit;

FIG. 18 is a schematic view of the guide bar and chain hoist unit;

fig. 19 is a schematic view of the structure of fig. 1 and a tractor.

Description of reference numerals: 1-side plate, 11-supporting arm, 12-driving cylinder, 2-earth shoveling unit, 21-movable knife bracket, 211-movable knife guide sleeve, 212-movable knife push rod, 22-movable knife rod, 221-movable knife, 23-hinged rod, 24-movable knife driving shaft, 25-eccentric wheel, 26-bearing, 3-chain lifting unit, 31-connecting rod mechanism, 311-floating sleeve, 312-first connecting rod, 313-T type connecting rod, 314-second connecting rod, 315-adjusting bolt, 316-pulling spring, 32-first fixing rod, 33-floating rod, 34-second fixing rod, 35-lifting chain, 36-lifting chain wheel, 37-driving chain wheel, 38-supporting chain wheel, 381-waist-shaped groove, 382-limiting column, 39-tensioning column, 391-first elastic sheet, 392-second elastic sheet, 393-supporting spring, 4-chain transmission mechanism, 41-speed reducer, 42-supporting frame, 43-third elastic sheet, 5-positioning mechanism, 51-positioning barrel, 52-positioning wheel, 521-notch, 53-first motor, 54-hinge, 55-tensioning spring, 6-beard shearing mechanism, 61-guiding frame, 611-guiding groove, 62-second motor, 7-stem shearing mechanism, 71-adjusting sleeve, 8-blade, 9-cleaning barrel brush, 10-beam, 100-guiding rod and 001-horizontal conveyor belt.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Example (b):

as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the utility model provides a cutting device of garlic harvester, which comprises a soil and garlic separating mechanism arranged on two symmetrical side plates 1, and a positioning mechanism 5, a beard cutting mechanism 6 and a stem cutting mechanism 7 are arranged on the soil and garlic separating mechanism.

Referring to fig. 1, the soil and garlic separating mechanism is mounted on a tractor through two symmetrically arranged side plates 1 (as shown in fig. 19), a rotatable supporting arm 11 is arranged on each side plate 1, the supporting arm 11 is fixed on the tractor, a driving cylinder 12 is arranged between the supporting arm 11 and the side plate 1, a cylinder body and an extending end of the driving cylinder 12 are respectively rotatably connected with the supporting arm 11 and the side plate 1, and the side plate 1 is rotated by stretching of the driving cylinder 12.

Native, garlic separating mechanism is including being used for the chain hoisting unit 3 of centre gripping garlic transmission, chain hoisting unit 3 is used for conveying the garlic to the collecting box in, this collecting box is established on the tractor, can be through setting up a conveyer belt 7 at the tail end of chain hoisting unit 3, and then will promote the garlic that comes and deliver to the collecting box in through conveyer belt 7, a chain hoisting unit 3 can only reap one row of garlic, consequently, for improving and reap efficiency, when setting up, chain hoisting unit 3 adopts a plurality of modes side by side, as shown in fig. 1 promptly, a plurality of chain hoisting unit 3 have been set up on it, and positioning mechanism 5, it is also so to cut palpus mechanism 6 and stem shearing mechanism 7, it determines to promote single 3 yuan's quantity according to the chain.

As shown in fig. 2, which shows a schematic diagram of two chain lifting units 3, one chain lifting unit 3 includes two lifting chains 35 that are parallel and opposite in rotation direction and four lifting sprockets 36 that are located at two ends of the two lifting chains 35, the lifting chains 35 are disposed obliquely, one end of the lifting chain 35 close to the ground is a fixed end, and one end of the lifting chain 35 far from the ground is a floating end (the fixed end and the floating end in this application refer to that the plane where the lifting sprockets 36 are located is fixed and floating, and do not refer to that the lifting sprockets 36 are themselves fixed, which may also rotate); the close sides of the two lifting chains 35 are tightly attached together and used for clamping the stems of the garlic; that is, the garlic is clamped by the two lifting chains 35 rotating in opposite directions and by the lifting chains 35; due to the floating arrangement, the chain lifting unit 3 can generate a buffering effect in the lifting process, and the flexible clamping can adapt to the impact caused by uneven external road surface, vehicle vibration and the like, so that the garlic falling probability is reduced; if the two ends adopt rigid structures, namely the lifting chain wheels 36 at the two ends of the lifting chain 35 are limited to be incapable of floating, when external impact force acts, such as road bumping, the two ends of the lifting chain 35 cannot float and can act on the lifting chain 35 directly, most of the impact force is transmitted to the chain, and clamping of the lifting chain 35 is influenced, and when external force acts, the floating structure absorbs a part of component force to act on the floating end, so that the impact force applied to the whole chain is reduced, and the probability of garlic falling is reduced;

in addition, due to the floating arrangement, one end of the lifting chain 35 can be adjusted at a certain distance, considering that the garlic still needs to be trimmed and cut stems subsequently, when the garlic needs to be trimmed, the blade needs to be accurately positioned at the position of the garlic beard, so that a guide structure (namely, a guide frame 61 in the beard shearing mechanism 6) needs to be arranged, the root of the garlic is attached to the guide frame 6, the blade 8 is arranged on the guide frame 6, and then the accurate position of the garlic beard is accurately captured for trimming, because the garlic is different in size, when large garlic is encountered, the garlic contacts the guide frame 61, and can be jacked up to the lifting chain 35 under the action of the guide frame 61, if one end of the lifting chain 35 is limited to be unable to float, the garlic cannot be jacked up, and then the garlic cannot be stopped or even falls; therefore, the floating arrangement also provides a structural basis for subsequent garlic processing; in addition, garlic still has littleer, therefore in the actual operation, the extreme position that the floating end descends can be adjusted a bit down in proper, and for example the external diameter of most garlic is 50mm, can make the floating end be in the lowest position can only pass through 45 mm's garlic, and the garlic that passes through 50mm needs upper and lower floating end, just so can carry out the accurate beard of most garlic.

Further, referring to fig. 2 and 3, two lifting sprockets 36 near the ground are respectively fixed on the cross beam 10 through a first fixing rod 32, the lifting sprockets 36 are rotatably arranged on the first fixing rod 36, and the cross beam 10 is fixed between the two side plates 1; namely, the fixing end of the chain lifting unit 3 is realized by the fixing of the first fixing rod 32 and the side plate 1;

two lifting chain wheels 36 far away from the ground float relative to the side plates 1 through a floating rod 33 respectively, the lifting chain wheels 36 are rotatably arranged on the floating rod 33, a connecting rod mechanism 31 is arranged on the floating rod 33, and the connecting rod mechanism 31 is fixed between the two side plates 1 through a cross beam 10; that is, the floating end of the chain hoist unit 3 is realized by the floating of the floating bar 33;

as shown in fig. 3, 8, and 9, the floating of the floating rod 33 is achieved through the link mechanism 31, the link mechanism 31 includes a floating sleeve 311 rotationally connected to the floating rod 33, that is, the floating sleeve 311 is sleeved on the floating rod 33, in order to ensure the smooth rotation of the floating rod 33, a bearing capable of bearing an axial force may be disposed between the floating rod 33 and the floating sleeve 311, an inner ring of the bearing is fixed on the floating rod 33, and an outer ring of the bearing is fixed on an inner wall of the floating sleeve 311; a second connecting rod 314 and a rotatable T-shaped connecting rod 313 are fixed on the floating sleeve 311, a first connecting rod 312 which is rotatably connected with the end part of the T-shaped connecting rod 313 far away from the floating sleeve 311 is arranged on the end part of the T-shaped connecting rod 313, the first connecting rod 312 is fixed on a cross beam 10, and the cross beam 10 is fixed between the two side plates 1;

the first link 312, the second link 314 and the T-shaped link 313 are all on the same plane to ensure that the floating rod 33 does not have freedom in the length direction of the cross beam 10;

an adjusting bolt 315 is assembled on the first connecting rod 312 and the T-shaped connecting rod 313 in a threaded manner, the adjusting bolt 315 on the first connecting rod 312 abuts against the T-shaped connecting rod 313, and the adjusting bolt 315 on the T-shaped connecting rod 313 abuts against the second connecting rod 314; thereby forming two degrees of freedom of rotation, which forms rotation with two points a and b as the rotation center, as shown by the arrows in fig. 9;

a pulling spring 316 is arranged between the cross beam 10 fixedly connected with the first link 312 and the T-shaped link 313, two ends of the pulling spring 316 are respectively fixed with the cross beam 10 and the T-shaped link 313, the pulling spring 316 is in a stretching state and acts for leveling the self-weight of the cross beam and other forces (such as friction force), because the whole mechanism is arranged obliquely and generates self-weight, the floating end of the chain lifting unit 3 is required to float and can be realized by overcoming external stress, therefore, a pulling spring 316 is required to be introduced to balance the force so as to realize the offset of the self-weight and other forces, so that the floating end is easier to swing, therefore, in the actual setting process, the elastic force of the pulling spring 316 needs to be reasonably selected according to the actual site, a plurality of adjustments are required to make the pulling spring 316 offset a part of the force, therefore, in the actual setting process, the adjustment of the elastic force of the pulling spring 316 can be set in an adjustable manner, for convenient adjustment, for example, a screw rod is fixed at one end of the pulling spring 316, the screw rod is in threaded connection with the cross beam 10, the other end of the pulling spring is fixed on the T-shaped connecting rod 313, and the pulling force of the spring is adjusted by the depth of the screw rod screwed into the cross beam 10; in addition, since the lifting chain 35 has a certain predetermined force during the installation process, the floating rod 33 has two degrees of freedom of rotation, and during the rotation process along the arrow in fig. 5, the floating rod is limited by the lifting chain 35, so that the floating rod 33 can rotate but has a limit position, and the other limit position is limited by the adjusting bolt 315, so that the floating rod 33 has a certain swing angle during the swing process, the swing angle is limited by the adjusting bolt 315 and the tensioning of the lifting chain 35, and the adjustment of the adjusting bolt 315 also controls the tensioning of the lifting chain 35, so that during the actual use, the adjusting bolt 315 can be finally used to control the swing angle, considering the chain drive, if the lifting chain wheel 36 at the floating end floats up and down for a large distance, which may cause the lifting chain 35 to trip, therefore, the floating distance of the floating-end lifting sprocket 36 in the vertical direction is preferably controlled to be within 3 cm.

Although the lifting chains 35 can be turned reversely to keep the garlic clamping position in a tensioned state, in order to further improve the clamping effect and reduce the garlic dropping rate, as shown in fig. 10-14, the chain lifting unit 3 further comprises a tensioning mechanism, the tensioning mechanism comprises two tensioning columns 39 respectively located in the middle of the two lifting chains 35, one end of each tensioning column 39 is fixed with the corresponding first fixing rod 32, and the other end of each tensioning column 39 is connected with a cross beam 10 through a second fixing rod 34 and fixed between the two side plates 1;

a first elastic sheet 391 is fixed on the near side of each of the two tensioning columns 39, a second elastic sheet 392 is fixed on the far side of each of the two tensioning columns 39, the first elastic sheet 391 and the second elastic sheet 392 are made of thin manganese steel, and the first elastic sheet 391 and the second elastic sheet 392 are both composed of a straight plate and two symmetrical inclined plates; the first elastic sheet 391 and the second elastic sheet 392 are both attached to the lifting chain 35; the tension columns 39 extend to the lifting sprockets 36 at both ends to make the spring plate contact more with the lifting chain 35; further, considering that the garlic is clamped by the two lifting chains 35 at the side close to each other, and the lifting sprockets 36 are further arranged at the two ends of the garlic, in order to make the first elastic sheet 391 contact with the lifting chains 35 more, as shown in fig. 12, an included angle between the straight plate and the inclined plate of the first elastic sheet 391 is an acute angle, while an included angle between the straight plate and the inclined plate on the second elastic sheet 392 can be set to be an obtuse angle or an acute angle as the second elastic sheet 392 does not participate in clamping the garlic;

furthermore, considering that a gap exists between the first elastic sheet 391 and the second elastic sheet 392 and the tensioning column 39, the elastic sheets cannot be well and completely abutted against the lifting chain 35, and therefore, a plurality of uniformly distributed supporting springs 393 are arranged between the first elastic sheet 391 and the tensioning column 39 and between the second elastic sheet 392 and the tensioning column 39, so that the function of the elastic sheets is increased, and the tensioning effect is ensured; it should be noted that, due to the existence of the floating rod 33, the widths of the first elastic sheet 391 and the second elastic sheet 392 need to be adapted to the floating distance of the floating rod 33, so as to ensure that the lifting chain 35 can be tensioned continuously.

Further, considering that the span of the lifting sprocket 35 is large, although there is a tensioning mechanism, in order to further improve the stability of the chain, we add a plurality of supporting sprockets 38 on the basis of the tensioning mechanism of the chain lifting unit 3, as shown in fig. 11 and 14 (fig. 11 shows a schematic view of adding only one supporting sprocket 38), namely, a plurality of evenly distributed supporting chain wheels 38 are arranged on the tensioning column 39, a waist-shaped groove 381 is arranged on each supporting chain wheel 38, a limiting column 382 fixed on the tensioning column 39 is arranged in each waist-shaped groove 381, each supporting chain wheel 38 is connected with the corresponding limiting column 382 in a sliding mode, a spring is further fixed in each waist-shaped groove 381, one end of each spring is fixed on the corresponding limiting column 382, the other end of each spring abuts against the corresponding waist-shaped groove 381, and therefore the supporting chain wheels 38 are attached to the lifting chains 35;

due to the existence of the supporting chain wheel 38, originally, the first elastic sheet 391 arranged on the tensioning column 39 interferes with the supporting chain wheel 38, so that a plurality of first elastic sheets 391 are required to be arranged on the tensioning column 39 at the moment, the number of the first elastic sheets 391 on the same tensioning column 39 is one more than that of the supporting chain wheel 38, the first elastic sheets 391 and the supporting chain wheel 38 are distributed at intervals, and the first elastic sheets 391 at the moment still adopt a form that a straight plate and an inclined plate form an acute angle so as to increase the contact with the supporting chain 38; the support chain wheel 38 is added, so that on one hand, a local tensioning effect can be achieved, on the other hand, the support chain wheel can be matched with the floating of the chain lifting unit 3 to support the lifting chain 38, the supporting point of the lifting chain 38 in the transmission direction is increased, the length of the lifting chain 38 is indirectly shortened, the falling phenomenon of the long-distance chain due to self weight is reduced, and the phenomenon that the chain is disengaged from the chain wheel is avoided;

in addition, the addition of the supporting sprocket 38 is equivalent to dividing a complete first elastic sheet 391 into a plurality of shorter first elastic sheets 391, so that a vacuum belt without tension (as shown in fig. 14, h) is generated between the supporting sprocket 38 and the first elastic sheet 391, but it does not greatly affect the clamping and does not make the clamping force insufficient, on the one hand, when the lifting chain 35 rotates reversely, it has the clamping force itself, and the two supporting sprockets 38 also have the tension function themselves, although there is the vacuum belt h, because of the existence of the supporting sprocket 38 and the first elastic sheet 391, the distance of h is reduced to be short, which can be roughly considered as the radius of the supporting sprocket 391, so that the short distance h does not make the garlic clamping force generate a sharp reduction to generate garlic dropping.

In order to accurately position the beard and stem scissors, the position of the garlic stem clamped by the lifting chain 35 is not consistent in the garlic conveying process, so that in order to be more uniform, we choose to use the garlic head contacting or closer to the lifting chain 35 as a uniform requirement, and set a positioning mechanism 5 on the chain lifting unit 3, namely:

as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the positioning mechanism 5 is used for positioning the garlic during the garlic being lifted, the positioning mechanism 5 includes positioning wheels 52 capable of moving toward or away from each other (it should be noted that the movement of the positioning wheels 52 toward or away from each other refers to the movement of the whole garlic, and does not refer to the direction of rotation, and such movement toward or away from each other can achieve the clamping and lifting of the garlic), the positioning wheels 52 are in a cylindrical shape, the two positioning wheels 52 rotate at the same speed, the directions of rotation of the two positioning wheels 52 are opposite, and when the garlic passes through the two positioning wheels 52, the two positioning wheels 52 clamp the stems of the garlic and raise the garlic position, so that the garlic can contact with or be closer to the lifting chain 35;

the positioning wheels 52 move towards or away from each other through hinges 54 and tension springs 55, that is, the two positioning wheels 52 are respectively located above the two lifting chains 35, the positioning wheels 52 are rotatably arranged on the positioning barrel 51, and the end of the positioning barrel 51 far away from the positioning wheels 52 is provided with a first motor 53 for driving the positioning wheels 52 to rotate;

the positioning cylinder 51 is fixed on the tensioning column 39 on the chain lifting unit 3 through a hinge 54, namely, one end of the hinge 54 is fixed on the positioning cylinder 51, the other end of the hinge 54 is fixed on the tensioning column 39 on the chain lifting unit 3, and a tensioning spring 55 is arranged between the positioning cylinder 51 and the chain lifting unit 3; namely, a hinge 54 is used for forming a rotating fulcrum, the two positioning wheels 52 are close to each other through the action of a tension spring 55, and the garlic stems can be clamped and lifted up through the rotation of the positioning wheels 52;

further, in order to improve the action effect of the positioning wheel 52, one end of the positioning wheel 52, which is far away from the positioning cylinder 51, is tapered, the outer diameter of the positioning wheel 52 is larger than that of the positioning cylinder 51, and the projection of the housing of the first motor 53 on the bottom surface of the positioning cylinder 51 falls into the bottom surface of the positioning cylinder 51, i.e. the housing of the first motor 53 is prevented from influencing the transmission of garlic; the outer wall of the positioning wheel 52 can also be coated with a layer of rubber material to improve the friction force and the flexibility; in addition, it should be noted that the tensioning force of the tensioning spring 55 should not be too large, because the garlic still receives the lifting action of the lifting chain 35, if the clamping force of the positioning wheel 52 is too large, under the pulling of the lifting chain 35, the garlic can be pulled and inclined, and further, as shown in fig. 5, a plurality of notches 521 uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction are formed in the outer wall of the positioning wheel 52, and the notches 521 are arranged, so that when the positioning wheel 52 rotates, gaps are formed at the notches 521 of the two wheels, the garlic is further lost, the pulling of the garlic is reduced, and the garlic is inclined.

As shown in fig. 6, the hair cutting mechanism 6 includes a guide frame 61 and a blade 8 disposed on the guide frame 61, the guide frame 61 is fixed between the two side plates 1 through a cross beam 10, a tapered guide groove 611 is formed on the guide frame 61, and a second motor 62 for driving the blade 8 to rotate is fixed on one side of the guide groove 611; the distance from the guide frame 61 to the lifting chain 35 needs to be reasonably set so as to avoid overlarge or undersize distance between the guide frame 61 and the lifting chain 35, the guide frame can refer to the limit position of the floating end of the chain lifting unit 3 for descending, for example, the outer diameter of most garlic is 50mm, so that the garlic passing through 45mm can pass through the guide frame 61 and the lifting chain 35, and the garlic passing through 50mm needs to be lifted up to the lifting chain 35, so that most garlic can be accurately cut.

As shown in fig. 7, the stem shearing mechanism 7 comprises two blades 8 overlapped together, the two overlapped blades 8 are oppositely turned, the two blades 8 of the stem shearing mechanism 7 are respectively fixed on two floating rods 33 of the chain lifting unit 3 through an adjusting sleeve 71, and a bolt is screwed on the adjusting sleeve 71 and tightly abutted on the floating rods 33, so that the positions of the blades 8 for shearing stems can be adjusted to obtain stem lengths with different lengths; it can be seen that the power of the stem shearing mechanism 7 is obtained from the chain lifting unit 3, and since the blade 8 is fixed on the floating rod 33, it can rotate along with the floating rod 33, so that no additional power input is required.

In order to improve the cutting effect, the blade 8 of the stem shearing mechanism 7 and the blade 8 of the hair shearing mechanism 6 are regular hexagonal slice knives, and the blades with the structure can generate a cutting force along the radial direction of the blades in the process of high-speed rotation relative to the traditional circular blades, so that the cutting effect can be improved.

Furthermore, when the garlic is separated from the soil, a part of soil is carried on garlic whiskers, and for better beard cutting, a cleaning unit is arranged below the positioning mechanism 5 and comprises a rotatable cleaning barrel brush 9, two ends of the cleaning barrel brush 9 are provided with rotating shafts rotatably connected with the two side plates 1, and one end of one rotating shaft extends out of the side plates 1 and is fixed with a belt pulley; the cleaning drum brush 8 is provided with a brush, it should be noted that the rotation direction of the cleaning drum brush 8 is opposite to the lifting direction of the garlic (as shown in fig. 3, the circular arrow), and the brush has a certain flexibility to prevent the garlic from generating a large resistance to incline.

In addition, the soil and garlic separating mechanism further comprises a soil shoveling unit 2, an eccentric mechanism for driving the soil shoveling unit 2 to act and a chain transmission mechanism for driving the lifting chain 35 to rotate, wherein the soil shoveling unit 2 is used for separating the garlic from the soil layer, and the garlic is conveniently captured by the lifting chain 35.

As shown in fig. 16 and 17, the earth shoveling unit 2 comprises a movable blade bracket 21, and the movable blade bracket 21 is fixed between the two side plates 1 through a cross beam 10; a movable knife guide sleeve 211 is fixed on the movable knife bracket 21, a movable knife push rod 212 capable of sliding is arranged in the movable knife guide sleeve 211, a movable knife rod 22 is fixed on the movable knife push rod 212, and a movable knife 221 is fixed on the movable knife rod 22; the moving blade 221 reciprocates to shovel soil;

the eccentric mechanism comprises a hinged rod 23 and a movable knife driving shaft 24, the hinged rod 23 is rotatably connected with the movable knife push rod 212, an eccentric wheel 25 is fixed on the movable knife driving shaft 24, and the hinged rod 23 is rotatably connected with the eccentric wheel 25 through a bearing 26; the movable knife driving shaft 24 is rotatably connected with the two side plates 1, and one end of the movable knife driving shaft 24 extends out of one side plate 1 and is fixed with a belt pulley; that is, the eccentric wheel 25 makes the hinge rod 23 have radial displacement by the rotation of the movable blade driving shaft 24, and then drives the movable blade push rod 212 to reciprocate, and finally the movable blade 221 shovels soil.

As shown in fig. 15, the chain transmission mechanism 4 includes a driving sprocket 37 rotating coaxially with the floating rod 33, in order to realize synchronous and opposite rotation of the two lifting chains 35, the two driving sprockets 37 are respectively located in two parallel planes, i.e. through a staggered arrangement, interference between the two driving sprockets is avoided, and transmission is realized by using a speed reducer 41 fixed on the side plate 1, i.e. a driving chain is arranged between an output shaft of the speed reducer 41 and the driving sprocket 37 to realize chain transmission, the speed reducer 41 needs to have two output shafts outputting synchronously, and the rotation directions of the two output shafts are opposite, the speed reducer is a product commonly sold in the market, and details thereof are not described herein.

Further, in order to improve the operation stability of the chain transmission mechanism 4 and the floating of the floating rod 33, the chain transmission mechanism 4 needs to be provided with a tensioning structure, that is, a structure similar to the chain lifting unit 3 can be adopted, that is, the support frames 41 are further fixed on both sides of the driving chain wheel 37, the support frames 41 are fixed with third elastic sheets 43 used for being attached to the driving chain, the third elastic sheets 43 are used for being attached to the driving chain to realize tensioning, the structure of the third elastic sheets 43 is the same as that of the second elastic sheets 392, and in addition, a plurality of support springs 393 can be further arranged between the third elastic sheets 43 and the support frames 41, so that the tensioning effect is improved; it should be noted that, since the driving sprocket 37 is acted by the floating rod 33, it will float to some extent, so that the width of the third elastic sheet 43 is adapted to the floating distance of the driving sprocket 37 to ensure that the driving chain can be engaged with the driving sprocket 37, and the driving chain is also provided with a certain degree of looseness to adapt to the floating when being installed in advance.

As shown in fig. 18, a guide bar 6 may be fixed to the first fixing bar 32 to guide the loosened garlic into the lifting chain 35.

When in use, the garlic is planted in multiple rows, so that a plurality of chain lifting units 3 and a plurality of shovel units 2 can be arranged between the two side plates 1 during actual design, so as to improve the harvesting efficiency; the shoveling soil realizes the input of power through a belt pulley on the shoveling soil, the belt pulley can introduce power from a tractor through the transmission of a belt, the movable cutter driving shaft 24 rotates to drive the eccentric wheel 25 to rotate, and further drive the movable cutter push rod 212 to reciprocate, so that the movable cutter 221 reciprocates to realize the shoveling soil, and meanwhile, the driving cylinder 12 can adjust the relative height of the side plate 1 relative to the ground to realize the depth of the movable cutter 221 entering the soil; after shoveling soil, the garlic is loosened, and along with the advance of the tractor, the garlic is guided to the lifting chain 35 by the guide rod 6 and is clamped and lifted, and the lifting chain 35 realizes synchronous rotation through two driving chain wheels 37 with staggered heights; in the garlic lifting process, when garlic passes through the positioning mechanism 5, garlic stems are captured by the positioning wheel 52 and lifted up through the rotation of the positioning wheel 52, so that garlic heads contact with the lifting chain 35 or are closer to the lifting chain 35, and in the lifting process of the positioning wheel 52, the garlic stems cannot be continuously clamped by the positioning wheel by using the notch 521 on the positioning wheel, so that the inclination condition in the garlic conveying process is reduced, and meanwhile, the cleaning drum brush 9 rotates to clean the soil on garlic whiskers so as to facilitate the subsequent easier whisker cutting; in addition, the supporting chain wheel 38 forms a plurality of supporting points on the long-span lifting chain 35, so that the lifting chain 35 is prevented from excessively sagging, and meanwhile, the floating end of the chain lifting unit 3 forms a tiny swing in the garlic lifting process, so that buffering is generated, impact is reduced, and the garlic falling probability is reduced; when the garlic moves to the beard cutting mechanism 6, most garlic contacts the guide frame 61 (a small amount of very small garlic heads are removed) under the action of the guide frame 61 and is matched with the floating rod 33, so that the root of the garlic can accurately pass through the beard cutting blade 8, and then most garlic is accurately beard cut; when the garlic moves to the stem shearing mechanism 7, under the rotation of the two overlapped blades 8, the garlic stems are cut off, and the position of the blade 8 for shearing the stems can be changed by using the adjusting sleeve 71 to obtain different stem lengths; after the garlic is cut into stems, a conveyor belt 7 can be arranged below the floating rod 33, when the garlic is separated from the lifting chain 35, the garlic can fall onto the conveyor belt 7 and then is conveyed into a collection box arranged on a tractor through the conveyor belt 7, and therefore one-stop operation of loosening the soil, separating the garlic from the soil, cutting beards, cutting the stems and returning the garlic to the bin is achieved.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A shearing device of a garlic harvester is characterized by comprising soil and garlic separating mechanisms arranged on two symmetrical side plates, wherein the soil and garlic separating mechanisms are provided with a positioning mechanism, a beard shearing mechanism and a stem shearing mechanism;

2. The shearing device of the garlic harvester as claimed in claim 1, wherein the positioning wheel is cylindrical, a plurality of notches are formed in the outer wall of the positioning wheel and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the two positioning wheels are respectively positioned above the two lifting chains, the positioning wheel is rotatably arranged on a positioning barrel, and a first motor for driving the positioning wheel to rotate is arranged at the end part of the positioning barrel, which is far away from the positioning wheel;

3. The shearing device of the garlic harvester as claimed in claim 2, wherein the end of the positioning wheel far away from the positioning cylinder is tapered, the outer diameter of the positioning wheel is larger than that of the positioning cylinder, and the projection of the housing of the first motor on the bottom surface of the positioning cylinder falls into the bottom surface of the positioning cylinder.

4. The shearing apparatus of a garlic harvester as defined in claim 1, wherein the guide frame is formed with a tapered guide slot, a second motor for driving the blade to rotate is fixed to one side of the guide slot, and the guide frame is fixed between the two side plates by a cross member.

5. The shearing apparatus of a garlic harvester as defined in any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the two lifting sprockets of the chain lifting unit near the ground are respectively fixed to a cross member fixed between the two side plates by a first fixing rod;

6. The shearing apparatus of a garlic harvester as claimed in claim 5, wherein the chain lifting unit further comprises a tensioning mechanism, the tensioning mechanism comprises two tensioning posts respectively located at the middle parts of the two lifting chains, one end of each tensioning post is fixed with a corresponding first fixing rod, and the other end of each tensioning post is connected with a cross beam through a second fixing rod and fixed between the two side plates;

7. The shearing device of the garlic harvester as claimed in claim 6, wherein the tensioning column is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed supporting sprockets, the supporting sprockets are provided with a waist-shaped groove, a limiting column fixed on the tensioning column is arranged in the waist-shaped groove, the supporting sprockets are connected with the limiting column in a sliding manner, a spring is fixed in the waist-shaped groove, one end of the spring is fixed on the limiting column, and the other end of the spring abuts against the waist-shaped groove;

8. The shearing device of a garlic harvester as claimed in claim 5, wherein the two blades of the stem shearing mechanism are respectively fixed on the two floating rods of the chain lifting unit through an adjusting sleeve, and the adjusting sleeve is threaded with a bolt which is tightly pressed on the floating rods;

9. The clipping device of a garlic harvester as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil-garlic separating mechanism further comprises a soil shoveling unit for separating the garlic from the soil layer and a chain transmission mechanism for driving the lifting chain to rotate; the chain transmission mechanism comprises driving chain wheels which rotate coaxially with the floating rod, and the two driving chain wheels are respectively positioned in two parallel planes; a speed reducer is fixed on one of the side plates, and a driving chain for driving the driving chain wheel to rotate is arranged on an output shaft of the speed reducer; and support frames are further fixed on two sides of the driving chain wheel, and third elastic sheets used for being attached to the driving chain are fixed on the support frames.

10. The shearing device of the garlic harvester as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a cleaning unit disposed below the positioning mechanism, wherein the cleaning unit comprises a rotatable cleaning drum brush, two ends of the cleaning drum brush are provided with rotating shafts rotatably connected with the two side plates, and one end of one of the rotating shafts extends out of the side plates and is fixed with a belt pulley.