CN1113971A - Technology for quickly hemp degumming - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention adopts the method combining chemical and mechanical treatments, the technological process are: choosing hemp-dried softening-bundling up and charging in the cage-boiling-hot water washing-beating-dewatering-vibrating the hemp, softening-oil removing-vibrating the hemp-stoving-refining dried hemp. In the boiling and not water washing procedures, the internal circulation high speed jet flow and ultrasonic wave are adopted. Compared with the old techniques, said invention can save time of more than 3 hr, decrease the basic concentration by 60% increase 10% of finished product, heigten the strength of fibre by 30% and save great amount of equipment investment.

Description

Technology for quickly hemp degumming

But the invention belongs to the spinning fiber extracting method of natural plants, particularly relate to the quick degumming method of hemp.

Hemp is a kind of natural annual herb plant, and it is powerful high that its fiber has, and extend for a short time, and rigidity is big, and humidity absorption and release is fast, absorbing sweat, ventilative, nice and cool, soft characteristics, so can be as the clothes spinning material.Because the filament of hemp has only the length of 20 millimeter, be to utilize its bundle fiber when doing spinning, i.e. the long fiber that is bonded together of plurality of fibers.Existing hemp degumming process is to continue to use two of china grass degumming process to boil a dozen technological processes of floating a pickling basically, when boiling-off, adopt High Temperature High Pressure, high-alkalinity, No. 85105350 Chinese patents of holding as our factory are exactly an elementary technology of process for chemical degumming of hemp, for utilizing the hemp spinning to make certain contribution.But, make very short that the part fiber becomes, and it is serious to run off, and follow-up spinning is caused difficulty in the process of coming unstuck because this process using climax, high pressure boiling-off have been destroyed the internal structure of hemp element.And the high-alkalinity in the boiling house solution often causes cellulosic peeling reaction, and makes the cost that comes unstuck higher.

The purpose of this invention is to provide and a kind ofly be applicable to that the speed of hemp degumming is fast, the time is short, all even appropriateness of coming unstuck, and technology is easy, the new technology for degumming that cost is low.

Take following scheme to finish according to above goal of the invention the present invention: the method that adopts chemical treatment and mechanical treatment to combine, before chemical Degumming, need to do soft to the hemp phloem raw material with softener, and then adopt the low alkalization of normal pressure to learn boiling-off and hot water wash, in order to strengthen the infiltration of boiling house solution in the hemp raw material, the circulation high-speed jet adds ultrasonic vibration boiling house solution and hot water in taking, thereby make chemical boiling house solution remove colloid and half fiber etc. to greatest extent, isolate hemp, for prevent from later stage oven dry, to take place fiber again and close and adhesion, add softener and soften.Last de-oiling oven dry just obtains qualified degummed ramie.

Technological process of the present invention is: choose fiber crops → do soft → prick the dress cage → boiling-off → hot water wash → scutching → fiber crops that dewater → tremble → softening → de-oiling → tremble fiber crops → oven dry → degummed ramie.Promptly do after soft-boil in (normal pressure, low alkali)-beat-soft technology.

Below technology of the present invention is described in further detail:

1, at first hemp phloem is manually picked, rejected impurity, dead fiber crops, scab fiber crops etc.

2, utilize softener to wipe 1-2 time hemp phloem is gentle, the regain of hemp should be controlled at 5-8% during softening.

3, will do hemp after soft, the 300-500 gram will be bundled into handle, evenly be placed in the numb cage then by every.

4, boiling-off is to carry out under normal pressure.In boiling-off solution, contain NaOH 4.5-6.5 grams per liter, waterglass 2.5-3.5%, sodium phosphate trimer 2-4%, synthetic detergent powder 0.8-1.5%, soap 0.8-1.5%, the above percentage of sodium sulfite 0.8-1.5%(all are relative hemp raw material weight, below identical except that indicating).Bath raio is 1: (18-20) solution is controlled between 80-100 ℃.Select for use internal circulation pump to make the solution flow at high speed, and added ultrasonic vibration solution 3-4 hour.

5, be that 50-60 ℃ the hot water hemp after to boiling-off adds ultrasonic wave flushing 15 to 20 minutes with interior circulation high-speed jet with temperature.

6, scutching is beaten 4-8 with the disk beater changes, and increases blow wash.

7, stainless steel courage Water Extraction Machinery is adopted in dehydration, and the dehydration fiber crops are moisture below 55%.

8, trembling fiber crops adopts and to tremble numb machine and make the dehydration back become piece water fiber crops loose.

9, in softening process, the content of oil emulsion is 1.6-2.5%, and softening time of penetration is 2 to 3 hours, and temperature is 80-90 ℃.

10, de-oiling is to adopt Water Extraction Machinery to slough unnecessary profit to help oven dry.

11, trembling fiber crops adopts and to tremble numb machine and make the oil-containing water fiber crops loose.

12, oven dry is to carry out on dryer, and bake out temperature is under 95-105 ℃.Regain is controlled at 8-12%.

In above each operation:

1, choosing fiber crops is in order at first to reject partial impurities, to reduce the burden of back operation chemical Degumming, is the quality of degummed ramie to improve manufactured goods.

2, doing soft is to utilize gentle wiping of machinery of softener that hemp phloem is broken, and removes the numb skin of part, impurity, and help in the follow-up boiling process swelling, the cracking of boiling house solution infiltration and colloid and remove.

3, the dress cage is the preparatory process before the boiling-off, and this operation should evenly be put, and helps the boiling house solution circulation, and hemp phloem is under equal conditions contacted with boiling-off solution, is beneficial to the colloid swelling.

4, boiling process is the key link of new technology for degumming, and NaOH has swelling action to cellulose and hemicellulose, and is particularly bigger to the hemicellulose effect, can be penetrated in the unformed lattice of hemicellulose, makes its cracking become monose and dissolves.Some colloid is in swelling process, and is also dissolved, used waterglass and sodium phosphate trimer, and the one, play osmosis, the 2nd, play the buffering concentration sodium hydroxide, guarantee that it is to the swelling of non-cellulose material and the solution concentration of dissolving.Synthetic detergent, soap, the one, cleaning function; The 2nd, strengthen infiltration.Sodium sulfite is favourable to removing the part lignose.In the process of coming unstuck of this complexity, infiltration, dissolving, buffering, washing are carried out simultaneously, promote mutually.Interior circulation high-speed jet adds the ultrasonic wave circulation, is the indispensable key link of chemically quick-degumming new technology.Action of ultrasonic waves is to make that fibre structure generation physics is loosening in the hemp phloem changes, and makes it be easy to infiltration and removes colloid, and high-speed jet is to help solution contact flax fibre, and helps colloid and be dissolved in the solution.

5, the effect of hot water wash is that the colloid that has been removed is removed not condensing upon again under the situation that takes place on the flax fibre and close.Process is carried out under hot conditions because come unstuck, and is that situation about heating outside issues collagen degraded and dissolving.If use the cold wash fiber crops, the non-cellulose material of having degraded can be again attached on the hemp and be unfavorable for fiber separation.

6, scutching is further to remove the non-cellulose material that cracking has taken place under mechanism.

7, adding softener is to take place again when the oven dry and close and adhesion for anti-sealing fiber crops, the emulsification of softener is that peanut oil is being had emulsification under the high-pressure circulation pump of having children outside the state plan ripple, it can not be penetrated in the flax fibre gap, can guarantee that the water fiber crops are loose after oven dry, not and close.This has just obtained qualified degummed ramie.

The fibre fineness of degummed ramie after first comb combing that adopts the present invention to produce propped up in the 600-800 public affairs, fibre length is at the 70-100 millimeter, behind the spun yarn, 8 public pure hempen fibre single thread forces are 1500 centimetres of newton, and 16 public pure hempen fibre single thread forces are 700 centimetres of newton.Through experimental test and suitability for industrialized production test, prove that new technology of the present invention was than original old technology usually time saving more than 3 hour, concentration of lye reduces by 60%, the manufactured goods rate improves 10%, degummed ramie finished fiber intensity improves 30%, because boiling-off is to carry out under normal pressure, and can save great deal of investment.

Below be embodiments of the invention.

Embodiment one:

(1) the hempen original ramie bale broken is manually picked, and made in order to distinguish end to end and draw every, promptly surpass 8%, dropped in second day or the 3rd day behind the bale broken and do soft operation if moisture regain is too high about 0.5 kilogram.

That (two) will pick draws fiber crops, snippings portion forward taper in the back at C011, do soft one time on 32 pairs of roller jute softeners after, distinguish end to end to drop into and prick.

(3) hemp that will do soft mistake is pricked handle to 0.35 kilogram (kilogram) by every, pricks degree of tightness is as the criterion to insert three fingers.

(4) the dress cage is evenly adorned cage for 350 kilograms by every cage.

(5) boiling-off: press 4.5g/L NaOH, 3% water glass glass; 2% sodium phosphate trimer, 1% synthetic washing shadow, 1% soap, 1% sodium sulfite, 1: 20 bath raio prepares boils liquid, powdery, and granular material is all put into numb cage after the dissolving, use Steam Heating, play circulation, insulation timing during temperature to 100 ℃, and adhere to intermittent cyclic, be incubated to bleed off after 3.5 hours and boil liquid, carry out hot water wash.

(6) hot water wash is to utilize the hot water circuit washing more than 50 ℃ to hang out numb cage scutching in 30 minutes.

(7) scutching adopts every dish 24 that revolution is turned over once, plays the 4-8 circle.

(8) dehydration makes its moisture content 55% below and tremble the fiber crops numb cage of packing into after loose, input softening step after the scutching.

(9) softness is in the softener after 2% the ratio adding emulsification, 2.5 hours time, temperature 80-90 ℃.

(10) carry out de-oiled water after the softness, and the back oven dry on the B061 dryer 95-105 ℃ of shaking up, choose fiber crops and make degummed ramie.Packaging and warehousing then.

Embodiment two:

(1) to (four) as embodiment one;

(5) boiling-off: press 6.5g/L NaOH, 3.5% waterglass; 4% sodium phosphate trimer, 1.5% synthetic detergent powder, 1.5% soap, 1.5% sodium sulphate dissolved to prepare by 1: 20 and boils liquid, was heated to 100 ℃, played circulation and added ultrasonic wave, was incubated 3 hours, put and boiled liquid.

(6) hot water wash; Add ultrasonic wave flushing 20 minutes with hot water circuit more than 50 ℃.

(7) to (eight) as embodiment one.

(9) by 1.6% softener that adds after emulsification, infiltration is 3 hours between 80-90 ℃.

(10) as embodiment one.

Embodiment three:

(1) to (four) as embodiment one.

(5) boiling-off: press 4.5g/L NaOH 2.5% waterglass, 2% sodium phosphate trimer, 0.8% synthetic detergent powder, 0.8% soap, 0.8% sodium sulfite, molten by 1: 18 than dosing, be heated to 100 ℃, play circulation and add ultrasonic wave, be incubated 4 hours, put and boil liquid.

(6) to (eight) as embodiment two.

(9) add softener by 2.5%, infiltration is 2 hours between 80-90 ℃.

(10) as embodiment one.

Embodiment four

(1) to (four) as embodiment one:

(5) boiling-off: press 5.5g/L NaOH, 3.0% waterglass, 3% sodium phosphate trimer, 1.0% synthetic detergent, 1.0% soap, 1.0% sodium sulfite by bath raio preparation in 1: 20 boiling house solution, is heated to 100 ℃, play circulation and add ultrasonic wave, insulation was boiled 3.5 hours, put and boiled liquid.

(6) to (ten) as embodiment one.

Claims (5)

1, a kind of quickly hemp degumming technology, the method that adopts chemical treatment and mechanical treatment to combine, technological process is that the hemp phloem that will manually choose earlier after choosing is done soft in softener, prick then after the boiling-off of dress cage, after hot water injection, scutching, dehydration, with trembling numb machine that the water fiber crops are loose again, add softening agent and soften, dewater, tremble the oven dry of fiber crops back again, promptly obtain degummed ramie.Promptly one boil a dozen soft technologies.It is characterized in that chemical boiling-off is to carry out under normal pressure, low alkaline concentration; In boiling-off and hot water wash operation, the circulation high-speed jet adds ultrasonic vibration in adopting.

2, according to the described degumming tech of claim 1, it is characterized in that before chemical Degumming, should doing soft 1 to 2 time with softener hemp phloem earlier, its regain is controlled to be 5-8%.

3, according to the described degumming tech of claim 1, it is characterized in that the temperature of boiling house solution is controlled between 80-100 ℃, bath raio is 1:(18-20), the boiling-off time is 3 to 4 hours.

4, according to the ramie process that boils of claim 1 or 3 described degumming techs, it is characterized in that the prescription of the boiling house solution of this operation is: NaOH 4.5-6.5 grams per liter, waterglass 2.5-3.5%, sodium phosphate trimer 2-4%, synthetic detergent powder 0.8-1.5%, soap 0.8-1.5%, sodium sulfite 0.8-1.5%.

According to the described degumming tech of claim 1, it is characterized in that in softening process that 5, oil emulsion is 1.6-2.5%, softening time of penetration is 2 to 3 hours, and temperature is 80-90 ℃.