CN111390202A - Hydraulic tailstock with pre-tightening device - Google Patents
Hydraulic tailstock with pre-tightening device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111390202A CN111390202A CN202010236616.4A CN202010236616A CN111390202A CN 111390202 A CN111390202 A CN 111390202A CN 202010236616 A CN202010236616 A CN 202010236616A CN 111390202 A CN111390202 A CN 111390202A
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- tailstock
- hydraulic
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- locking
- sleeve
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B23/00—Tailstocks; Centres
Abstract
The invention discloses a hydraulic tailstock with a pre-tightening device, which comprises a tailstock main body with a horizontal installation cavity, a sleeve capable of axially moving relative to the tailstock main body, a main shaft coaxially arranged with the sleeve, a hydraulic driving mechanism used for driving the sleeve to axially move, a base arranged at the bottom of the tailstock main body, a main shaft bearing mechanism arranged at the rear end of the tailstock main body, a locking mechanism, a traction connecting mechanism and a hydraulic control device, wherein the locking mechanism, the traction connecting mechanism and the hydraulic control device are arranged on the base; the tailstock main body is connected with the base through a concentricity adjusting mechanism; one end of the sleeve is provided with a hydraulic chuck, and the hydraulic chuck controls the hydraulic chuck to clamp or loosen a workpiece through a chuck driving mechanism. The pre-tightening device is abutted against the bottom of the machine body guide rail to form a pre-tightening force, and when the tailstock moves, the pre-tightening force ensures that the base is always pressed on the machine body guide rail, so that the stability and the moving position precision of the movement of the tailstock are prevented from being influenced by the overlarge gap between the base and the machine body guide rail.
Description
The application is a divisional application of patent applications with the patent application number of '201911305727. X', application date of '2019.12.18', entitled 'a hydraulic tailstock of a turning center'.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of turning, in particular to a hydraulic tailstock with a pre-tightening device.
Background
In the machine manufacturing industry, turning centers are used to machine disk-like and shaft-like parts because of their high machining accuracy and wide range of objects to be machined. When machining such parts, many parts need to be machined by cutting an outer circle, an end face, a thread and the like by using the inner control as a positioning and clamping surface. A center is required to be arranged on a tailstock main shaft and extends out to tightly push a workpiece, or the workpiece is clamped by a clamping mechanism, so that the workpiece is positioned, and the processing stability is ensured.
The existing hydraulic tailstock has a complex structure and high manufacturing cost, when a workpiece is machined, in order to ensure that the workpiece rotates stably and cannot deflect, the concentricity of a machine tool spindle and the concentricity of a tailstock spindle need to be ensured to be the same, and the concentricity adjusting mode of the existing tailstock spindle is complex, time-consuming and labor-consuming, and difficult to ensure the machining precision. In addition, the gap between the tailstock base and the machine body guide rail is too large, so that the moving stability and the moving position precision of the tailstock are influenced, and the tailstock can be separated from the machine body guide rail to cause accidents.
It is seen that improvements and enhancements to the prior art are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a hydraulic tailstock with a pre-tightening device, and aims to solve the technical problem that the moving stability and the moving position precision of the tailstock are influenced by overlarge gap between a tailstock base and a machine body guide rail.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a hydraulic tailstock with a pre-tightening device comprises a tailstock main body with a horizontal installation cavity, a sleeve capable of moving axially relative to the tailstock main body, a main shaft coaxially arranged with the sleeve, a hydraulic driving mechanism used for driving the sleeve to move axially, a base arranged at the bottom of the tailstock main body, a locking mechanism, a traction connecting mechanism and a hydraulic control device, wherein the locking mechanism, the traction connecting mechanism and the hydraulic control device are arranged on the base; the tailstock main body is connected with the base through a concentricity adjusting mechanism; the locking mechanism is used for locking the hydraulic tailstock to enable the hydraulic tailstock not to move relative to a machine tool, and the traction connecting mechanism is used for enabling the tailstock main body to be in transmission connection with a machine tool traction device; the main shaft is rotationally connected with the sleeve through the bearing assembly; one end of the sleeve is provided with a hydraulic chuck, and the hydraulic chuck controls the hydraulic chuck to clamp or loosen a workpiece through a chuck driving mechanism; the locking mechanism, the traction connecting mechanism, the hydraulic driving mechanism and the chuck driving mechanism are all connected with the hydraulic control device and controlled by the hydraulic control device to work; the pre-tightening device comprises a shell with an inner cavity, a pre-tightening force adjusting part, a spring, a bearing seat and a pre-tightening wheel, wherein the pre-tightening force adjusting part, the spring, the bearing seat and the pre-tightening wheel are sequentially arranged in the inner cavity of the shell from bottom to top; the pretightening force adjusting part is used for pushing the spring to rise to drive the bearing seat and the pretightening wheel arranged on the bearing seat to vertically rise so that the pretightening wheel is pressed on a machine tool guide rail.
The concentricity adjusting mechanism comprises a base plate arranged between a tailstock main body and a base, an adjusting stand column is arranged on the base, a threaded hole is horizontally formed in the outer wall of the adjusting stand column, the axis of the threaded hole is perpendicular to the axis of a main shaft, a bearing block is fixedly arranged on the tailstock main body, a through hole which is coaxial with the threaded hole is formed in the bearing block, the threaded hole is connected with the through hole through a screw rod, the screw rod comprises a threaded section, a limiting shoulder and a screwing adjusting part which are sequentially connected, the threaded section of the screw rod is screwed into the threaded hole, the limiting shoulder of the screw rod is abutted against the bearing block, and the screwing adjusting part of the screw rod penetrates through the through hole.
The concentricity adjusting mechanism further comprises two tailstock main body guiding mechanisms which are symmetrically arranged, each tailstock main body guiding mechanism comprises a positioning block and a locking block, each positioning block comprises an upper positioning part and a lower positioning part, each base is provided with a mounting groove matched with the cross section of the corresponding lower positioning part, each backing plate is provided with a dodging opening for the positioning block to pass through, each positioning block passes through the dodging opening and is fixed in the corresponding mounting groove through screws, each upper positioning part is in a right-angled trapezoid shape, each locking block is also in a right-angled trapezoid shape, each upper positioning part and each locking block are spliced into a rectangular guide block, the bottom of each tailstock main body is provided with a sliding groove matched with each guide block, each tailstock main body can slide along the horizontal direction through each guide block and each sliding groove, and the joint of each upper positioning part and each locking block is provided with an adjusting opening, the tailstock body is characterized in that the upper positioning part is provided with a positioning screw hole, the positioning screw hole is screwed in a positioning screw, and the head of the positioning screw can push the locking block to move towards the center direction of the tailstock body so that the locking block limits the tailstock body to slide.
The locking mechanism comprises a locking hydraulic cylinder arranged on the base, a pressure plate used for pressing the machine body guide rail, a lever support arranged at the bottom of the base, and a lever rotatably arranged on the lever support, wherein the middle part of the lever is arranged on the lever support through a bearing shaft; one end of the lever is connected with the pressure plate, and the other end of the lever is connected with the end part of a piston rod of the locking hydraulic cylinder.
The traction connecting mechanism comprises a traction hydraulic cylinder which is perpendicular to the moving direction of the tailstock, and a piston rod of the traction hydraulic cylinder extends out to be connected with a machine tool traction device.
The hydraulic control device comprises a first oil way control mechanism, the first oil way control mechanism controls the locking mechanism and the traction connecting mechanism to synchronously work, the first oil way control mechanism comprises an oil tank, an oil pump connected with the oil tank, a reversing valve and a one-way valve, the oil pump is sequentially connected with the one-way valve and oil inlets of the reversing valve through oil supply pipes, the locking hydraulic cylinder is provided with a first oil inlet cavity and a first oil return cavity, a piston rod of the locking hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the first oil return cavity, the traction hydraulic cylinder is provided with a second oil inlet cavity and a second oil return cavity, and a piston rod of the traction hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the second oil return cavity; the oil tank is connected with an oil return port of the reversing valve through an oil return pipe, and the reversing valve is provided with two working oil ports which are respectively connected with the first oil pipe and the second oil pipe; the output end of the first oil pipe is provided with a first branch pipe and a second branch pipe in a shunting manner, and the first branch pipe and the second branch pipe are respectively connected with a first oil inlet cavity and a second oil return cavity; the input end of the second oil pipe is provided with a third branch pipe and a fourth branch pipe in a shunting manner, and the third branch pipe and the fourth branch pipe are respectively connected with the first oil return cavity and the second oil inlet cavity.
The rear end of the tailstock main body is provided with a rear flange, the hydraulic driving mechanism comprises a cylinder sleeve, a piston and a first sealing flange, the cylinder sleeve is sleeved on the main shaft and fixedly connected with the sleeve, the piston is sleeved on the cylinder sleeve and fixedly connected with the rear flange, the first sealing flange is sleeved on the piston and fixedly connected with the sleeve, and the cylinder sleeve, the first sealing flange and the piston enclose a hydraulic cylinder.
The chuck driving mechanism comprises an axial through hole formed in the main shaft, a pull rod arranged in the axial through hole, a mounting seat and a rotary oil hydraulic cylinder which are connected with each other, the mounting seat is fixedly connected with the main shaft, and the output end of the rotary oil hydraulic cylinder is in transmission connection with the pull rod; one end of the pull rod is in transmission connection with the output end of the rotary oil hydraulic cylinder, and the other end of the pull rod is connected with the input end of the hydraulic chuck.
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides a hydraulic tailstock with a pre-tightening device, which adjusts the concentricity of a machine tool main shaft and a hydraulic tailstock main shaft through a concentricity adjusting mechanism to ensure that the concentricity of the machine tool main shaft and the hydraulic tailstock main shaft meets the processing requirement, a hydraulic control device controls a locking mechanism to unlock, meanwhile, a traction connecting mechanism is in transmission connection with a machine tool traction device, the machine tool traction device drives the hydraulic tailstock to move to a proper place and then locks the hydraulic tailstock, then the hydraulic drive mechanism controls the axial movement of a sleeve and a cylinder sleeve, so that a chuck arranged on the sleeve moves to a better clamping position, then a rotary oil cylinder drives a pull rod to pull the chuck, the chuck clamps the tail part of a workpiece, the further positioning of the workpiece is realized, and the processing stability is ensured; because the main shaft is rotationally connected with the sleeve through the bearing assembly, when a workpiece rotates at a high speed, the chuck drives the main shaft to stably rotate at a high speed, and the tailstock main shaft is borne through the sliding sleeve, so that the main shaft can be prevented from deflecting and shaking during working, the stability of the main shaft is improved, and the processing stability is ensured. Compared with the existing tailstock of the machine tool, the axial movement of the chuck is controlled through hydraulic pressure, the operation mode of clamping or loosening the workpiece is simple and convenient, the bearing capacity is strong, and the automation degree is high. In addition, the pretightening wheel is abutted against and pressed at the bottom of the machine body guide rail to form a pretightening force, when the tailstock moves, the pretightening force ensures that the base is always pressed and adhered on the machine body guide rail, the phenomenon that the moving stability and the moving position precision of the tailstock are influenced by overlarge gap between the base and the machine body guide rail is prevented, and the tailstock is prevented from being separated from the machine body guide rail to cause accidents.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a hydraulic tailstock with a pretensioning device provided by the invention 1.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view 2 of the hydraulic tailstock with a pretensioning device provided by the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydraulic tailstock with a pretensioning device provided by the invention.
Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of the region M in fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a traction connection mechanism in the hydraulic tailstock with a pretensioning device provided by the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a first oil path control mechanism in the hydraulic tailstock with a pretensioning device provided by the invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a concentricity adjusting mechanism in the hydraulic tailstock with a pretensioning device provided by the invention.
Fig. 8 is an exploded view of a concentricity adjusting mechanism in the hydraulic tailstock with a pre-tightening device provided by the invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a pre-tightening mechanism in the hydraulic tailstock with the pre-tightening device provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a hydraulic tailstock with a pre-tightening device, and in order to make the purpose, the technical scheme and the effect of the invention clearer and clearer, the invention is further described in detail by referring to the attached drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-9, the present invention provides a hydraulic tailstock with a pre-tightening device, where "front" is the direction of the spindle toward the chuck, and "back" is the direction opposite to "front".
The hydraulic tailstock with the pre-tightening device comprises a tailstock main body 1 with a horizontal installation cavity, a sleeve 11 capable of moving axially relative to the tailstock main body, a main shaft 12 coaxially arranged with the sleeve, a hydraulic driving mechanism 2 used for driving the sleeve to move axially, a base 13 arranged at the bottom of the tailstock main body, a pre-tightening device 15 arranged on the base 13, a locking mechanism 4, a traction connecting mechanism 5 and a hydraulic control device 6; the tailstock body is connected with the base through a concentricity adjusting mechanism 7; the locking mechanism 4 is used for locking the hydraulic tailstock to enable the hydraulic tailstock not to move relative to a machine tool, and the traction connecting mechanism 5 is used for enabling the tailstock main body to be in transmission connection with a machine tool traction device A; the main shaft 12 is rotatably connected with the sleeve 11 through the bearing assembly 8; one end of the sleeve is provided with a hydraulic chuck 9, and the hydraulic chuck 9 controls the hydraulic chuck to clamp or loosen a workpiece through a chuck driving mechanism 10; the locking mechanism 4, the traction connecting mechanism 5, the hydraulic driving mechanism 2 and the chuck driving mechanism 10 are all connected with the hydraulic control device 6 and controlled by the hydraulic control device 6 to work; the pre-tightening device 15 comprises a shell 15.5 with an inner cavity, a pre-tightening force adjusting part 15.1, a spring 15.2, a bearing seat 15.3 and a pre-tightening wheel 15.4 which is rotatably arranged on the bearing seat, wherein the pre-tightening force adjusting part, the spring 15.2 and the bearing seat are sequentially arranged in the inner cavity of the shell 15.5 from bottom to top; referring to fig. 2 and 9, the pretightening force adjusting part is used for pushing the spring to rise to drive the bearing seat and the pretightening wheel arranged on the bearing seat to rise vertically so that the pretightening wheel is pressed on the machine tool guide rail. The spring 15.2 is a disc spring which has the advantages of high rigidity, strong buffering and vibration absorbing capacity and capability of bearing large load with small deformation, and the pretightening force is ensured.
When the tailstock needs to move, the locking mechanism 4 on the tailstock loosens the locking of the machine body guide rail B, the tailstock can slide relative to the machine body guide rail B, the machine body guide rail B is located between the pre-tightening device 15 and the base 13, the spring 15.2 is compressed and pushed to lift the bearing seat 15.3 by adjusting the pre-tightening force adjusting part, the pre-tightening wheel 15.4 is pressed at the bottom of the machine body guide rail B to form a pre-tightening force, when the tailstock moves, the pre-tightening force ensures that the base is pressed on the machine body guide rail B all the time, and the phenomenon that the gap between the base and the machine body guide rail is too large, and the moving stability and the moving position precision of the. In addition, the tailstock can be prevented from being separated from the machine body guide rail to cause accidents by arranging the pre-tightening device.
Specifically, referring to fig. 7 and 8, the concentricity adjusting mechanism 7 includes a backing plate 71 disposed between the tailstock body 1 and the base 13, the base 13 is provided with an adjusting column 72, the outer wall of the adjusting column is horizontally provided with a threaded hole 73, the axis of the threaded hole 73 is perpendicular to the axis of the spindle 12, the tailstock body is fixedly provided with a receiving block 74, the receiving block 74 is provided with a through hole 75 coaxially disposed with the threaded hole, the threaded hole 73 and the through hole 75 are connected by a screw 76, the screw 76 includes a threaded section 76a, a limiting shoulder 76b and a screwing adjusting section 76c which are sequentially connected, the threaded section 76a of the screw is screwed into the threaded hole 73, the limiting shoulder 76b of the screw abuts against the pressing receiving block 74, and the screwing adjusting section 76c of the screw 76 passes through the through hole 75.
Further, the concentricity adjusting mechanism 7 further comprises two tailstock main body guiding mechanisms symmetrically arranged, the tailstock main body guiding mechanism 7b comprises a positioning block 77 and a locking block 78, the positioning block 77 comprises an upper positioning portion 77a and a lower positioning portion 77b, the base 13 is provided with a mounting groove 13a matched with the cross section shape of the lower positioning portion 77b, the backing plate is provided with an avoiding opening for the positioning block to pass through, the positioning block 77 passes through the avoiding opening and is fixed in the mounting groove through a screw, the upper positioning portion is in a right-angled trapezoid shape, the locking block 78 is also in a right-angled trapezoid shape, the upper positioning portion 77a and the locking block are spliced into a rectangular guide block, the bottom of the tailstock main body is provided with a sliding groove matched with the guide block, and the tailstock main body can slide along the horizontal direction through the guide block and the sliding groove, the joint of the upper positioning portion and the locking block is provided with an adjusting port 79, the upper positioning portion is provided with a positioning screw hole, the positioning screw hole is screwed into a positioning screw 70, and the head of the positioning screw 70 can push the locking block 78 to move towards the center direction of the tailstock main body 1 so that the locking block 78 limits the tailstock main body 1 to slide. In this embodiment, the tailstock body guide mechanisms are symmetrically disposed in two.
When a workpiece is machined, the concentricity of the main shaft 12 and the machine tool main shaft needs to be kept consistent to enable the workpiece to rotate stably, machining precision is guaranteed, the concentricity of the main shaft and the machine tool main shaft can be adjusted by adjusting the radial position of the main shaft, and the adjustment of the radial position of the main shaft mainly comprises the adjustment of the vertical direction and the horizontal direction; when the position of the main shaft in the vertical direction is adjusted, the main shaft can reach a proper supporting height in a mode of grinding or replacing the base plate, large parts such as a tailstock main body and a base do not need to be changed, the operation is convenient, and the adjustment cost is low; when the position of the main shaft in the horizontal direction is adjusted, the positioning screw 70 is firstly loosened to enable the locking block 78 to loosen the locking of the tailstock body 2, then the adjusting part 76c is rotated by a wrench, the screwing force is converted into thrust through the adjusting upright post 72, and the limiting shoulder 76b pushes the tailstock body 1 to move to a proper position along the horizontal direction. When the tailstock body 1 moves to a proper position, the positioning screw is screwed down, so that the head of the positioning screw 70 pushes the locking block 78 to move towards the center of the tailstock body 1, the locking block 78 and the tailstock body 1 are squeezed mutually to generate friction resistance, the tailstock body 1 is limited to slide to realize locking of the tailstock body, and the tailstock body is prevented from loosening in the working process to cause self-deviation in the horizontal direction. And finally, after the adjustment is finished, fixedly connecting the base, the base plate and the tailstock main body through a locking screw 701.
Referring to fig. 1 and 7, the locking mechanism 4 includes a locking hydraulic cylinder 41 arranged on the base, a pressing plate 42 for pressing the body guide rail, a lever support 43 arranged on the bottom of the base, a lever 44 rotatably arranged on the lever support 43, and the middle part of the lever 44 is mounted on the lever support 43 through a bearing shaft 45; one end of the lever 44 is connected to the pressing plate 42, and the other end is connected to the end of the piston rod of the locking cylinder 41. When the tailstock needs to move, the locking hydraulic cylinder 41 drives the piston rod to move upwards, the pressing plate is driven to be far away from the machine body guide rail B through the lever 44, and the tailstock is unlocked; when the tailstock moves to a proper position along the guiding direction of the machine body guide rail B, the locking hydraulic cylinder 41 drives the piston rod to move downwards, the pressing plate 42 is driven by the lever 44 to ascend to press the machine body guide rail B tightly, the tailstock cannot move relative to the machine body guide rail by using friction force, and the tailstock is firmly locked on the machine body; the tailstock locking and unlocking device has the advantages of being capable of quickly achieving locking and unlocking of the tailstock, convenient to control and high in working efficiency.
Referring to fig. 1 and 5, the traction connecting mechanism 5 comprises a traction hydraulic cylinder 51 arranged perpendicular to the moving direction of the tailstock, and a piston rod 51c of the traction hydraulic cylinder extends out to be connected with a traction device a of the machine tool. The machine tool traction device comprises a saddle A1 capable of moving relative to a machine body, a traction seat A2 fixedly arranged on the saddle, a connecting hole A3 arranged on the traction seat, and a driving device for driving the saddle A1 to move transversely, wherein a traction hydraulic cylinder 51 drives a piston rod 51c to move close to the traction seat A2, and the end part of the piston rod is inserted into the connecting hole A3 of the traction seat to realize transmission connection; the saddle A1 is then driven by the driving device to move transversely, so that the tailstock is driven to move to a proper position. The driving device is not the innovation point of the present invention, and is not described herein. In order to improve the compactness of the structure, in the embodiment, the base is provided with an installation cavity for installing the traction hydraulic cylinder, and the traction hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the installation cavity.
Preferably, referring to fig. 6, the hydraulic control device 6 includes a first oil path control mechanism, the first oil path control mechanism controls the locking mechanism 4 and the traction connection mechanism 5 to work synchronously, the first oil path control mechanism includes an oil tank 61, an oil pump 62 connected to the oil tank, a reversing valve 63, and a one-way valve 64, the oil pump 62 is sequentially connected to oil inlets of the one-way valve 64 and the reversing valve 63 through an oil supply pipe 65, the locking hydraulic cylinder 41 is provided with a first oil inlet chamber 41a and a first oil return chamber 41b, a piston rod 41c of the locking hydraulic cylinder is disposed in the first oil return chamber 41b, the traction hydraulic cylinder 51 is provided with a second oil inlet chamber 51a and a second oil return chamber 51b, and a piston rod 51c of the traction hydraulic cylinder is disposed in the second oil return chamber 51 b; the oil tank 61 is connected with an oil return port of the reversing valve 63 through an oil return pipe 66, the reversing valve is provided with two working oil ports, and the two working oil ports are respectively connected with a first oil pipe 67 and a second oil pipe 68; the output end of the first oil pipe is provided with a first branch pipe 67a and a second branch pipe 67b in a shunting manner, and the first branch pipe 67a and the second branch pipe 67b are respectively connected with the first oil inlet cavity 41a and the second oil return cavity 51 b; the input end of the second oil pipe 68 is provided with a third branch pipe 68a and a fourth branch pipe 68b in a branching manner, and the third branch pipe 68a and the fourth branch pipe 68b are respectively connected with the first oil return chamber 41b and the second oil inlet chamber 51 a. The directional valve 63 is preferably a two-position, four-way directional solenoid operated valve.
The hydraulic control principle is briefly described as follows: when the tailstock needs to be locked, the oil inlet of the reversing valve 63 of the first oil path control mechanism is communicated with the first oil pipe 67, the oil pump 62 supplies oil to the first oil inlet cavity 41a and the second oil return cavity 51B, a piston rod 41c of the locking hydraulic cylinder is driven to extend out, the locking mechanism is driven to press a machine body guide rail B, and the tailstock is firmly locked on the machine body; at the same time, the piston rod 51c of the traction cylinder is retracted, the connection with the traction mechanism is disconnected, and the oil of the first oil return chamber 41b and the second oil inlet chamber 51a flows back to the oil tank 61 through the second oil pipe 68. When the tailstock needs to move, the reversing valve 63 reverses, an oil inlet of the reversing valve is communicated with the second oil pipe 68, the oil pump 62 supplies oil to the first oil return cavity 41b and the second oil inlet cavity 51a, the piston rod 41c of the locking hydraulic cylinder is driven to retract, the locking mechanism is loosened, and the tailstock is unlocked; meanwhile, the piston rod 51c of the traction hydraulic cylinder extends out and is inserted into the connecting hole A3 on the traction seat A2, so that the tailstock is in transmission connection with the machine tool traction device, the tailstock can be moved to a proper position by controlling the machine tool traction device, and the oil in the first oil inlet cavity 41a and the second oil return cavity 51b flows back to the oil tank 61 through the first oil pipe 67. Therefore, the hydraulic control mechanism enables a worker to control the synchronous operation of the locking hydraulic cylinder and the traction hydraulic cylinder through single operation, simplifies the operation steps and improves the working efficiency; in addition, hydraulic pressure is adopted as a driving source and a numerical control technology are combined, so that the automation control degree is high, and the labor intensity of workers is greatly reduced.
Referring to fig. 3, the rear end of the tailstock body is provided with a rear flange 21, the hydraulic driving mechanism comprises a cylinder sleeve 22 which is sleeved on the main shaft 12 and is fixedly connected with the sleeve, a piston 23 which is sleeved on the cylinder sleeve and is fixedly connected with the rear flange, and a first sealing flange 24 which is sleeved on the piston 23 and is fixedly connected with the sleeve, the cylinder sleeve 22, the sleeve 11, the first sealing flange 24 and the piston enclose a hydraulic cylinder to form a third oil inlet cavity X and a third oil return cavity R. Hydraulic oil enters the third oil inlet cavity X to push the cylinder sleeve 22 and the sleeve 11 to move forwards, the main shaft 12 and the hydraulic chuck 9 move forwards along with the sleeve, and oil in the third oil return cavity R flows back to the oil tank 61; when the driving chuck moves towards the direction far away from the workpiece, hydraulic oil enters the oil return cavity to push the first sealing flange 24 and the sleeve 11 to move backwards, the main shaft and the chuck move backwards along with the sleeve, and the oil in the third oil inlet cavity flows back to the oil tank 61. And the hydraulic driving mechanism controls the movement through a second oil path control mechanism in the hydraulic control device. Here, the cylinder liner and the main shaft are in interference fit, and the gap between the cylinder liner and the main shaft is preferably 0.1 mm.
Specifically, a sliding groove 25 extending along the axial direction is formed in the top of the sleeve, a guide column 26 is fixedly arranged on the tailstock body, and the guide column 26 is clamped into the sliding groove to circumferentially position the sleeve, so that the structure is compact, and the assembly is easy.
Preferably, the receiving assembly 8 includes a lock nut 81, a cylindrical roller bearing 82, a spacer 83, an angular contact ball bearing 84, and a second sealing flange 85, which are abutted in sequence; the front end of the tailstock body is provided with a front flange 86, and the second sealing flange 85 and the hydraulic chuck 9 are fixedly connected to the front flange 86. The supporting structure of the main shaft adopts a front end bearing and a rear end bearing for supporting, and has the characteristics of strong rigidity and firm and reliable structure; in order to increase the bearing capacity, a plurality of angular contact ball bearings may be provided in parallel.
Preferably, the chuck driving mechanism 10 includes an axial through hole 10.1 formed in the spindle, the pull rod 10.2 disposed in the axial through hole, a mounting seat 10.3 and a rotary oil hydraulic cylinder 10.4 connected with each other, the mounting seat 10.3 is fixedly connected with the spindle 12, and an output end of the rotary oil hydraulic cylinder 10.4 is in transmission connection with the pull rod 10.2; one end of the pull rod 10.2 is in transmission connection with the output end of the rotary oil hydraulic cylinder 10.4, and the other end is connected with the input end of the hydraulic chuck 9. The rotary oil hydraulic cylinder 10.4 drives the pull rod 10.2 to extend forwards or retract backwards, so that the mounting seat 10.3 is connected with the main shaft 12, the structure is more compact, and the interference with the pull rod is avoided; the hydraulic chuck 9 is a high-speed middle-solid hydraulic chuck which has good bearing performance and high clamping stability, and can well meet the processing requirement and ensure the processing precision.
Preferably, referring to fig. 4, the hydraulic tailstock with a pre-tightening device further includes a spindle receiving mechanism 3 disposed at the rear end of the tailstock body, where the spindle receiving mechanism 3 includes a housing 31 having an inner cavity, and a sliding sleeve 32 disposed in the inner cavity of the housing; the outer ring of the sliding sleeve is rotationally connected with the shell 31 through a bearing 33, and the inner ring of the sliding sleeve 32 is sleeved on the main shaft 12; sliding sleeve 32, bearing 33, shell 31 and the coaxial setting of main shaft, the one end of sliding sleeve is provided with location shoulder 32.1, an annular mounting groove has been seted up on the sliding sleeve, installs a jump ring 34 for the axle in this annular mounting groove, bearing 33 is located and fixes a position between shoulder 32.1 and the jump ring 34 for the axle, axial positioning is realized through location shoulder 32.1 and the jump ring 34 for the axle to sliding sleeve 32. Here, the housing 31 is fixed to the rear end of the tailstock body 1 by screws, the bearing is fixed to the housing 31 by a positioning cover 35, and the sliding sleeve 32 is in interference fit with the spindle 12. The bearing 33 is preferably a deep groove ball bearing. Preferentially, a plurality of oil storage tanks are arranged on the end face of the inner ring of the sliding sleeve, and lubricating oil can be stored in the oil storage tanks (not shown in the figure), so that the inner ring of the sliding sleeve and the main shaft are lubricated for a long time, and the friction force generated when the main shaft moves axially relative to the sliding sleeve is effectively reduced.
After the hydraulic chuck 9 clamps the workpiece, the main shaft 12 rotates circumferentially along with the transmission of the workpiece, because the sliding sleeve 32 is in interference fit with the main shaft 12, the main shaft 12 can rotate and can also slide relative to the sliding sleeve 32, the main shaft 12 is received through the sliding sleeve 32, the coaxiality of the main shaft 12 and the tailstock main body 1 can be ensured, the main shaft 12 is prevented from deflecting and shaking during working, the stability of the main shaft is improved, and the processing stability is ensured.
When the clamping device works, firstly, the concentricity of a machine tool spindle and a hydraulic tailstock spindle is adjusted through the concentricity adjusting mechanism 7, the concentricity of the machine tool spindle and the hydraulic tailstock spindle is ensured to meet the machining requirement, the hydraulic control device 6 controls the locking mechanism 4 to unlock, meanwhile, the traction connecting mechanism 5 is in transmission connection with the machine tool traction device A, the machine tool traction device drives the hydraulic tailstock to move to a proper position and then locks the hydraulic tailstock, then the hydraulic driving mechanism 2 controls the axial movement of the sleeve 11 and the cylinder sleeve 22, so that the hydraulic chuck 9 arranged on the sleeve 11 moves to a better clamping position, then the rotary oil cylinder 10.4 drives the pull rod 10.2 to pull the hydraulic chuck 9, the chuck clamps the tail of a workpiece, the further positioning of the workpiece is realized, and the machining stability is ensured; because the main shaft is rotationally connected with the sleeve through the bearing assembly, when a workpiece rotates at a high speed, the chuck drives the main shaft to stably rotate at a high speed, and the tailstock main shaft is borne through the sliding sleeve, so that the main shaft can be prevented from deflecting and shaking during working, the stability of the main shaft is improved, and the processing stability is ensured. Compared with the existing machine tool tailstock, the tailstock is more suitable for high-speed rotary machining of heavy workpieces, reduces abrasion of parts, and is simple and convenient in operation mode of clamping or loosening the workpieces through axial movement of the hydraulic control chuck, strong in bearing capacity and high in automation degree.
It should be understood that equivalents and modifications of the technical solution and inventive concept thereof may occur to those skilled in the art, and all such modifications and alterations should fall within the protective scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A hydraulic tailstock with a pre-tightening device is characterized by comprising a tailstock main body with a horizontal installation cavity, a sleeve capable of moving axially relative to the tailstock main body, a main shaft coaxially arranged with the sleeve, a hydraulic driving mechanism used for driving the sleeve to move axially, a base arranged at the bottom of the tailstock main body, the pre-tightening device, a locking mechanism, a traction connecting mechanism and a hydraulic control device which are arranged on the base; the tailstock main body is connected with the base through a concentricity adjusting mechanism; the locking mechanism is used for locking the hydraulic tailstock to enable the hydraulic tailstock not to move relative to a machine tool, and the traction connecting mechanism is used for enabling the tailstock main body to be in transmission connection with a machine tool traction device; the main shaft is rotationally connected with the sleeve through the bearing assembly; one end of the sleeve is provided with a hydraulic chuck, and the hydraulic chuck controls the hydraulic chuck to clamp or loosen a workpiece through a chuck driving mechanism; the locking mechanism, the traction connecting mechanism, the hydraulic driving mechanism and the chuck driving mechanism are all connected with the hydraulic control device and controlled by the hydraulic control device to work; the pre-tightening device comprises a shell with an inner cavity, a pre-tightening force adjusting part, a spring, a bearing seat and a pre-tightening wheel, wherein the pre-tightening force adjusting part, the spring, the bearing seat and the pre-tightening wheel are sequentially arranged in the inner cavity of the shell from bottom to top; the pretightening force adjusting part is used for pushing the spring to rise to drive the bearing seat and the pretightening wheel arranged on the bearing seat to vertically rise so that the pretightening wheel is pressed on a machine tool guide rail.
2. The hydraulic tailstock with a pre-tightening device according to claim 1, wherein the concentricity adjusting mechanism comprises a base plate arranged between the tailstock body and the base, the base is provided with an adjusting upright post, the outer wall of the adjusting upright post is horizontally provided with a threaded hole, the axis of the threaded hole is perpendicular to the axis of the spindle, the tailstock body is fixedly provided with a bearing block, the bearing block is provided with a through hole coaxially arranged with the threaded hole, the threaded hole and the through hole are connected through a screw rod, the screw rod comprises a threaded section, a limiting shoulder and a screwing adjusting part which are sequentially connected, the threaded section of the screw rod is screwed into the threaded hole, the limiting shoulder of the screw rod is pressed against the bearing block, and the screwing adjusting part of the screw rod passes through the through hole.
3. The hydraulic tailstock with a pre-tightening device according to claim 2, wherein the concentricity adjusting mechanism further comprises two symmetrically arranged tailstock body guide mechanisms, each tailstock body guide mechanism comprises a positioning block and a locking block, each positioning block comprises an upper positioning part and a lower positioning part, each base is provided with a mounting groove matched with the cross section of the corresponding lower positioning part, each cushion plate is provided with a dodging opening for the positioning block to pass through, each positioning block passes through the dodging opening and is fixed in the mounting groove through a screw, each upper positioning part is in a right trapezoid shape, each locking block is also in a right trapezoid shape, each upper positioning part and each locking block are spliced into a rectangular guide block, the bottom of each tailstock body is provided with a sliding groove matched with each guide block, and each tailstock body can slide along the horizontal direction through each guide block and the corresponding sliding groove, the tailstock locking device is characterized in that an adjusting port is formed in the joint of the upper positioning portion and the locking block, a positioning screw hole is formed in the upper positioning portion, a positioning screw is screwed into the positioning screw hole, and the head of the positioning screw can push the locking block to move towards the center direction of the tailstock main body so that the locking block limits the tailstock main body to slide.
4. The hydraulic tailstock with a pre-tightening device according to claim 1, wherein the locking mechanism comprises a locking hydraulic cylinder arranged on the base, a pressure plate for pressing the machine body guide rail, a lever support arranged at the bottom of the base, and a lever rotatably arranged on the lever support, wherein the middle part of the lever is arranged on the lever support through a bearing shaft; one end of the lever is connected with the pressure plate, and the other end of the lever is connected with the end part of a piston rod of the locking hydraulic cylinder.
5. The hydraulic tailstock with a pre-tightening device according to claim 4, wherein the traction connection mechanism comprises a traction hydraulic cylinder arranged perpendicular to the moving direction of the tailstock, and a piston rod of the traction hydraulic cylinder extends out to be connected with a traction device of a machine tool.
6. The hydraulic tailstock with a pre-tightening device according to claim 5, wherein the hydraulic control device comprises a first oil circuit control mechanism, the first oil circuit control mechanism controls the locking mechanism and the traction connection mechanism to work synchronously, the first oil circuit control mechanism comprises an oil tank, an oil pump connected with the oil tank, a reversing valve and a one-way valve, the oil pump is sequentially connected with the one-way valve and an oil inlet of the reversing valve through an oil supply pipe, the locking hydraulic cylinder is provided with a first oil inlet cavity and a first oil return cavity, a piston rod of the locking hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the first oil return cavity, the traction hydraulic cylinder is provided with a second oil inlet cavity and a second oil return cavity, and a piston rod of the traction hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the second oil return cavity; the oil tank is connected with an oil return port of the reversing valve through an oil return pipe, and the reversing valve is provided with two working oil ports which are respectively connected with the first oil pipe and the second oil pipe; the output end of the first oil pipe is provided with a first branch pipe and a second branch pipe in a shunting manner, and the first branch pipe and the second branch pipe are respectively connected with a first oil inlet cavity and a second oil return cavity; the input end of the second oil pipe is provided with a third branch pipe and a fourth branch pipe in a shunting manner, and the third branch pipe and the fourth branch pipe are respectively connected with the first oil return cavity and the second oil inlet cavity.
7. The hydraulic tailstock with the pre-tightening device according to claim 1, wherein a rear flange is arranged at the rear end of the tailstock body, the hydraulic driving mechanism comprises a cylinder sleeve which is sleeved on the main shaft and fixedly connected with the sleeve, a piston which is sleeved on the cylinder sleeve and fixedly connected with the rear flange, and a first sealing flange which is sleeved on the piston and fixedly connected with the sleeve, and the cylinder sleeve, the first sealing flange and the piston form a hydraulic cylinder.
8. The hydraulic tailstock with a pre-tightening device according to claim 1, wherein the chuck driving mechanism comprises an axial through hole formed in the main shaft, a pull rod arranged in the axial through hole, a mounting seat and a rotary oil hydraulic cylinder, wherein the mounting seat is fixedly connected with the main shaft, and the output end of the rotary oil hydraulic cylinder is in transmission connection with the pull rod; one end of the pull rod is in transmission connection with the output end of the rotary oil hydraulic cylinder, and the other end of the pull rod is connected with the input end of the hydraulic chuck.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010236616.4A CN111390202B (en) | 2019-12-18 | 2019-12-18 | Hydraulic tailstock with pre-tightening device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911305727.XA CN110722178B (en) | 2019-12-18 | 2019-12-18 | Hydraulic tailstock of turning center |
| CN202010236616.4A CN111390202B (en) | 2019-12-18 | 2019-12-18 | Hydraulic tailstock with pre-tightening device |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911305727.XA Division CN110722178B (en) | 2019-12-18 | 2019-12-18 | Hydraulic tailstock of turning center |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN111390202A true CN111390202A (en) | 2020-07-10 |
| CN111390202B CN111390202B (en) | 2021-03-05 |
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| CN202010236063.2A Active CN111390201B (en) | 2019-12-18 | 2019-12-18 | Hydraulic tailstock |
| CN201911305727.XA Active CN110722178B (en) | 2019-12-18 | 2019-12-18 | Hydraulic tailstock of turning center |
| CN202010236616.4A Active CN111390202B (en) | 2019-12-18 | 2019-12-18 | Hydraulic tailstock with pre-tightening device |
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| CN202010236063.2A Active CN111390201B (en) | 2019-12-18 | 2019-12-18 | Hydraulic tailstock |
| CN201911305727.XA Active CN110722178B (en) | 2019-12-18 | 2019-12-18 | Hydraulic tailstock of turning center |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115007891B (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2023-06-27 | 宁波海天精工股份有限公司 | Hydraulic tailstock with movable upper body |
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| DE202008013763U1 (en) * | 2008-11-07 | 2009-01-08 | Röhm Gmbh | chuck |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110722178B (en) | 2020-04-21 |
| CN111390201B (en) | 2021-03-05 |
| CN111390202B (en) | 2021-03-05 |
| CN111390201A (en) | 2020-07-10 |
| CN110722178A (en) | 2020-01-24 |
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