CN111390100A - Forging process of inner star wheel - Google Patents
Forging process of inner star wheel Download PDFInfo
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- CN111390100A CN111390100A CN202010399639.7A CN202010399639A CN111390100A CN 111390100 A CN111390100 A CN 111390100A CN 202010399639 A CN202010399639 A CN 202010399639A CN 111390100 A CN111390100 A CN 111390100A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
- B21K1/30—Making machine elements wheels; discs with gear-teeth
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K29/00—Arrangements for heating or cooling during processing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/34—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tyres; for rims
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a forging process of an inner star wheel, which comprises the following steps: s101, forging and pressing to obtain an inner star wheel forging; s102, placing the inner star wheel forge piece in a high-temperature furnace for heat preservation; s103, placing the inner star wheel forge piece in a sand pit after heat preservation; and S104, carrying out heat treatment on the inner star wheel forge piece in the sand pit. The invention can ensure the uniform temperature of the surface of the forging before heat treatment, and is beneficial to obtaining the effects of metal structure and mechanical property required by the forging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forging, in particular to a forging process of an inner star wheel.
Background
With the rapid development of the automobile industry, the constant velocity universal joint occupies an important position in the automobile drive shaft industry with the unique equal angular velocity torque transmission and excellent mechanical performance, and the inner star wheel is a key part in the constant velocity universal joint. The inner star wheel is called as a star sleeve, the quality of the inner star wheel in processing and manufacturing is more related to the service performance and the service life of the product, and the inner star wheel is formed by forging mostly as an important part of an automobile part.
The Chinese patent with the publication number of CN103710714B in the prior art discloses a heat treatment method for carburizing and quenching of a gear of an automobile gearbox, which comprises the following steps: a carburizing step, namely putting the gear into a heating furnace, heating the heating furnace to 900 +/-5 ℃ from room temperature to carburize for 3-4 hours, wherein the carbon potential CP in a strong carburizing stage is 1.06 +/-0.03C%, and the carbon potential CP in a diffusion stage is 0.85 +/-0.03C%; a quenching step, cooling the carburized gear to 830 +/-5 ℃, then carrying out temperature equalization for 25-35 minutes, and then quenching in quenching oil at the temperature of 90 +/-10 ℃; and (3) tempering, namely tempering the quenched gear for 2-3 hours at 165 +/-5 ℃. Properly reducing the carburizing temperature and the quenching temperature, and properly increasing the carburizing carbon potential, can prevent the generation of black tissues.
The above prior art solutions have the following drawbacks: because the surface of the inner star wheel is uneven, the temperature of each position on the surface of the forge piece is easily different during cooling before annealing, and further the heat distribution of the forge piece is uneven in the same time and heating temperature during annealing, so that the metal structure and the mechanical property required by the forge piece can be influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the forging process of the inner star wheel, which can ensure that the surface temperature of the forged piece is uniform before heat treatment and is beneficial to obtaining the metal structure and the mechanical property required by the forged piece.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a forging process of an inner star wheel comprises the following steps of S101: forging and pressing to obtain an inner star wheel forging; s102: placing the inner star wheel forge piece in a high-temperature furnace for heat preservation; s103: after heat preservation, placing the inner star wheel forge piece in a sand pit; s104: and carrying out heat treatment on the inner star wheel forging in the sand pit.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, heat the material part earlier, then obtain the interior star gear forging through forging and pressing, interior star gear forging after the forging and pressing is put into the high-temperature furnace and is kept warm, because the temperature in the high-temperature furnace is less than the temperature when forging and pressing far away, and then can slowly reduce interior star gear forging, place it in the sand pit after interior star gear forging reduces the uniform temperature with it after the uniform temperature, utilize the surface of star gear forging including the granule cover in the sand pit, can cool down the forging once more, heat treatment is carried out to interior star gear forging again at last, therefore can guarantee that the temperature on forging surface is even before carrying out heat treatment to interior star gear forging, be favorable to obtaining required metal tissue and mechanical properties of forging.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the step S102 of keeping the temperature comprises the following steps: the preset temperature of the high-temperature furnace is 600-700 ℃, the temperature is kept for 1.5-2.5 hours, the temperature in the high-temperature furnace is adjusted to 200-300 ℃ after the temperature of the internal star wheel forge piece is reduced to 600-700 ℃, the temperature is kept for 1.5-2.5 hours, the temperature in the high-temperature furnace is adjusted to 400-500 ℃ after the temperature of the internal star wheel forge piece is reduced to 200-300 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 0.5-1.5 hours.
By adopting the technical scheme, the preset temperature of the high-temperature furnace is firstly set to be 600-700 ℃, so that the temperature in the high-temperature furnace is close to and lower than the temperature of the forged piece after forging and pressing, then the forged piece is placed in the high-temperature furnace and is kept warm for 1.5-2.5 hours, the forged piece is cooled, because the internal cooling rate of the forged piece is lower than the surface of the forged piece, the internal temperature of the forged piece is higher than the surface temperature of the forged piece, then the temperature of the high-temperature furnace is adjusted to be 200-300 ℃ and is kept warm for 1.5-2.5 hours, the forged piece is cooled again, so that the internal temperature and the surface temperature of the forged piece are both lower than the previous temperature, but the internal temperature of the forged piece is still higher than the surface temperature, then the temperature of the high-temperature furnace is adjusted to be 400-500 ℃ and is kept warm for 0.5-1.5 hours, the forged piece is, thereby being beneficial to obtaining excellent metal structure and mechanical property of the forged piece during heat treatment.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: and when the temperature in the high-temperature furnace is adjusted to 400-500 ℃, adding pure nitrogen into the high-temperature furnace, wherein propane is added into the pure nitrogen.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the forging is heated, pure nitrogen and propane are cracked on the surface of the inner star wheel forging at high temperature, and carbon dioxide and hydrogen are generated, so that a protective air mass can be formed, and the effects of no carbon increment, no decarbonization and no oxidation of the forging are favorably ensured.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: and blowing high-speed wind to the surface of the inner star wheel forge piece before the step S104.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, because interior star gear forging takes out in the bunker before thermal treatment, the grains of sand still persist on the surface of interior star gear forging, consequently after taking out the interior star gear forging in the bunker, blow the high velocity wind to the surface of interior star gear forging, can break away from the forging with the grains of sand on forging surface, reduce and lead to the fact the influence to later stage thermal treatment.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the inner star wheel forge piece is completely embedded in the sand pit.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, bury the interior star gear forging in the sand pit completely, can be so that the sand grain in the sand pit covers the surface of interior star gear forging completely, be favorable to guaranteeing to cool down each position of forging.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the pits include silica particles, chlorate particles, montmorillonite particles, and hydromica particles.
By adopting the technical scheme, the chlorate particles can be subjected to micro-explosion after encountering a high-temperature forged piece, so that iron dioxide subjected to high-temperature oxidation on the surface layer of the forged piece can be knocked down, and the subsequent heat treatment operation is facilitated; the montmorillonite particles have strong water absorption capacity, and the water content of the sand pits can be increased by utilizing the montmorillonite particles; the water content in the hydromica particles is relatively high, the water content of the sand pits can be further increased, and the hydromica particles have high temperature resistance, so that the hydromica particles can be repeatedly used, and the waste is reduced.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the weight fractions of the silicon dioxide particles, the chlorate particles, the montmorillonite particles and the hydromica particles are 50-100 parts of silicon dioxide particles, 1-5 parts of chlorate particles, 10-20 parts of montmorillonite particles and 5-10 parts of hydromica particles.
By adopting the technical scheme, the silicon dioxide particles and the montmorillonite particles have the same proportion and the proportion is the largest, so that the sand pit can store water, and the reduction of the particles in the sand pit caused by the damage of high temperature to the particle substances can be reduced.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the sand pit also comprises potassium nitrate crystals, and 1-5 parts of the potassium nitrate crystals are contained.
By adopting the technical scheme, after the potassium nitrate crystal is dissolved in water, oxygen can be released at high temperature, partial heat can be absorbed, and the cooling of the forge piece is accelerated; in addition, the potassium nitrate crystal can explode rapidly when meeting high temperature and slight friction impact, and further the iron dioxide which is oxidized at high temperature on the surface layer of the forging is knocked down.
The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: and spraying cold water to the sand pit every 0.5-1 hour.
By adopting the technical scheme, cold water is sprayed to the sand pit every 0.5-1 hour, so that the sand pit can be always in a wet state.
In summary, the invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the forged inner star wheel forge piece is placed in a high-temperature furnace for heat preservation, the temperature in the high-temperature furnace is far lower than the temperature during forging, so that the inner star wheel forge piece can be slowly reduced, the inner star wheel forge piece is placed in a sand pit after being reduced to a certain temperature, the surface of the inner star wheel forge piece is covered by particles in the sand pit, the forge piece can be cooled again, and finally the inner star wheel forge piece is subjected to heat treatment, so that the uniform temperature of the surface of the forge piece can be ensured before the inner star wheel forge piece is subjected to heat treatment, and the metal structure and the mechanical property required by the forge piece can be favorably obtained;
2. the temperature of the high-temperature furnace is preset to be slightly lower than that of the forge piece, and then the temperature is reduced and then the temperature is raised, so that the temperature of the surface and the temperature of the interior of the forge piece tend to be equal, and the forge piece can obtain excellent metal structure and mechanical property during heat treatment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the forging process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As described in the background of the invention, due to the uneven surface of the inner star wheel, the temperature of each part in the inner star wheel forge piece cannot be equalized by the existing forging technology before heat treatment, and the required metal structure and mechanical property of the forge piece are influenced.
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a forging process of an inner star wheel, which can ensure that the surface temperature of a forged piece is uniform before heat treatment and is beneficial to obtaining the metal structure and the mechanical property required by the forged piece.
The above objects of the present invention are achieved by the following technical solutions, and the following detailed descriptions of specific embodiments of the present invention are provided with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a forging process of an inner star wheel according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is described in detail by the following specific steps:
and S101, forging and pressing to obtain the inner star wheel forging.
In specific implementation, the raw material is inspected before forging, the characteristics of the raw material can be inspected by a spectrometer or a metallographic microscope, and whether the surface of the raw material is rusted or not can be observed. And if the raw materials are qualified, blanking the raw materials to obtain a forged blank, wherein the forged blank can be processed by a bar shearing machine. Then the forging stock is put into a heating furnace for heating, and the heating temperature can be 800 ℃. And heating, forging and pressing to obtain the inner star wheel forging.
And S102, placing the inner star wheel forge piece in a high-temperature furnace for heat preservation.
The high-temperature furnace is the adjustable temperature furnace body, before the internal star wheel forging is arranged in the high-temperature furnace, the temperature in the high-temperature furnace is preset to 600 ℃, in specific implementation, the preset temperature can also be 640 ℃, 670 ℃ or 700 ℃, after the internal star wheel forging is obtained by forging and pressing the forging stock, the internal star wheel forging is arranged in the high-temperature furnace, the heat preservation time is 1.5 hours, the heat preservation time can also be 2 hours or 2.5 hours, thereby the internal star wheel forging can be cooled, because the internal cooling rate of the internal star wheel forging is lower than the surface of the internal star wheel forging, the internal temperature of the internal star wheel forging is higher than the surface temperature of the internal star wheel forging.
And then adjusting the temperature of the high-temperature furnace to 200 ℃, in the specific implementation, adjusting the temperature to 240 ℃, 270 ℃ or 300 ℃, and preserving the heat for 1.5 hours, wherein the heat preservation time can also be 2 hours or 2.5 hours, so that the inner star wheel forging can be cooled again, the temperature of the inner part and the surface of the forging is lower than the previous temperature, but the temperature of the inner part of the forging is still higher than the temperature of the surface of the forging.
Finally, the temperature of the high-temperature furnace is adjusted to 400 ℃, in the specific implementation, the temperature can also be adjusted to 440 ℃, 470 ℃ or 500 ℃, the heat preservation time is also 1 hour or 1.5 hours, so that the temperature of the inner star wheel forge piece is raised again, and the temperature rise rate of the surface of the inner star wheel forge piece is greater than that of the inner star wheel forge piece, so that the surface of the inner star wheel forge piece and the temperature of the inner star wheel forge piece tend to be equal, and further the temperature of the inner star wheel forge piece and the temperature of the surface are cooled. Further, when the temperature in the high-temperature furnace is adjusted to 400 ℃, pure nitrogen is added into the high-temperature furnace, an additive is added into the pure nitrogen, the additive can be C3H8 (propane), the pure nitrogen and the propane are cracked under high temperature in the furnace, CO (carbon monoxide) and H2 (hydrogen) are generated after cracking, and further gas in the furnace contains CO, H2 and H2, so that a protective gas mass with micro-reducibility is formed, and the inner star wheel forge piece can be protected to achieve the effects of no carbon increment, no carbon removal and no oxidation.
S103, placing the inner star wheel forge piece in a sand pit after heat preservation.
In the concrete implementation, the inner star wheel forging is completely embedded in the sand pit, so that particles in the sand pit completely cover the surface of the inner star wheel forging, and the cooling of each position of the forging is favorably ensured.
In particular implementations, the particles within the sand pits can include silica particles, chlorate particles, montmorillonite particles, hydromica particles, and potassium nitrate crystals. The chlorate particles are subjected to micro-explosion after encountering the high-temperature forged piece, so that the iron dioxide oxidized at high temperature on the surface layer of the forged piece can be knocked down, and the subsequent heat treatment operation is facilitated; the montmorillonite particles have strong water absorption capacity, and the water content of the sand pits can be increased by utilizing the montmorillonite particles; the water content in the hydromica particles is higher, so that the water content of the sand pits can be further increased, and the hydromica particles have high temperature resistance, so that the hydromica particles can be repeatedly used, and the waste is reduced; after the potassium nitrate crystals are dissolved in water, oxygen can be released at high temperature, partial heat can be absorbed, and the forge piece is cooled quickly; in addition, the potassium nitrate crystal can explode rapidly when meeting high temperature and slight friction impact, and further the iron dioxide which is oxidized at high temperature on the surface layer of the forging is knocked down.
Furthermore, cold water is sprayed into the sand pit every 0.7 hour, and in specific implementation, the interval time can be 0.5 hour or 1 hour, so that the sand pit can be ensured to be in a wet state all the time.
The weight parts of silica particles, chlorate particles, montmorillonite particles, hydromica particles and potassium nitrate crystal components of different compositions and the effects thereof are shown in table 1.
Table 1: cooling rate of sand pit particles with different components in processing of internal star wheel forge piece
As can be seen from Table 1, when only silicon dioxide is present in the sand pit, the cooling rate is 10%; after the montmorillonite particles or the hydromica particles are added, the cooling rate can be improved; when chlorate particles or nitrate particles are added, the cooling rate can be improved; when chlorate particles, montmorillonite particles, hydromica particles and nitrate particles are doped in silicon dioxide at the same time, the effect obtained by the components in different proportions is different, and when 70 parts of silicon dioxide, 3 parts of chlorate particles, 15 parts of montmorillonite particles, 9 parts of hydromica particles and 3 parts of nitrate particles are added, the cooling efficiency of the sand pit formed by the components is 60%.
And S104, carrying out heat treatment on the inner star wheel forge piece in the sand pit.
In a specific embodiment, the heat treatment may be performed using a GST-1080 mesh belt type idler roll type continuous normalizing furnace. After the heat treatment is finished, the inner star wheel can be conveyed into the crawler-type shot blasting machine, burrs on the surface of the inner star wheel can be removed, finally, the inner star wheel can be finally inspected by using a vernier caliper, and the inner star wheel can be put in storage after being qualified.
By adopting the forging process of the embodiment, the temperature in the high-temperature furnace is preset to be slightly lower than the temperature of the forged piece, the forged and pressed inner star wheel forged piece is placed in the high-temperature furnace, the temperature of the high-temperature furnace is reduced, the surface and the inner temperature of the inner star wheel forged piece are both reduced, but the inner and outer cooling rates of the inner star wheel forged piece are different, the inner temperature of the inner star wheel forged piece is still higher than the surface at the moment, and then the water is fed into the high-temperature furnace to heat up, so that the inner temperature and the outer temperature of the inner star wheel forged piece are consistent, the inner temperature and the outer temperature of the inner star wheel forged piece can be favorably consistent during subsequent sand cooling, and therefore, the surface temperature of the forged piece before heat treatment can be ensured to be uniform during the subsequent heat.
The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A forging process of an inner star wheel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s101: forging and pressing to obtain an inner star wheel forging;
s102: placing the inner star wheel forge piece in a high-temperature furnace for heat preservation;
s103: after heat preservation, placing the inner star wheel forge piece in a sand pit;
s104: and carrying out heat treatment on the inner star wheel forging in the sand pit.
2. The process of forging an internal star wheel as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step S102 includes: the preset temperature of the high-temperature furnace is 600-700 ℃, the temperature is kept for 1.5-2.5 hours, the temperature in the high-temperature furnace is adjusted to 200-300 ℃ after the temperature of the internal star wheel forge piece is reduced to 600-700 ℃, the temperature is kept for 1.5-2.5 hours, the temperature in the high-temperature furnace is adjusted to 400-500 ℃ after the temperature of the internal star wheel forge piece is reduced to 200-300 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 0.5-1.5 hours.
3. The process for forging an internal star wheel according to claim 2, wherein pure nitrogen is added to the high temperature furnace while adjusting the temperature in the high temperature furnace to 400 ℃ to 500 ℃, and propane is added to the pure nitrogen.
4. The process of forging an inner star wheel according to claim 1, wherein prior to step S104, high velocity air is blown onto the surface of the inner star wheel forging.
5. The process of forging an internal starwheel as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the inner star wheel forge piece is completely embedded in the sand pit.
6. The process of forging an internal starwheel as in claim 1, wherein the craters comprise silica particles, chlorate particles, montmorillonite particles, and hydromica particles.
7. The process of forging an internal star wheel as claimed in claim 6, wherein the weight fractions of said silica particles, said chlorate salt particles, said montmorillonite particles and said hydromica particles are 50-100 parts silica particles, 1-5 parts chlorate salt particles, 10-20 parts montmorillonite particles and 5-10 parts hydromica particles.
8. The process for forging an internal star wheel according to claim 6, wherein the sand pits further comprise potassium nitrate crystals, and the potassium nitrate crystals account for 1-5 parts.
9. The process for forging an internal star wheel according to claim 1, wherein the pits are sprinkled with cold water every 0.5-1 hour.
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Application publication date: 20200710 |