CN110042217B - Nano bainite bearing heat treatment method and bearing manufactured by same - Google Patents
Nano bainite bearing heat treatment method and bearing manufactured by same Download PDFInfo
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- CN110042217B CN110042217B CN201910310337.5A CN201910310337A CN110042217B CN 110042217 B CN110042217 B CN 110042217B CN 201910310337 A CN201910310337 A CN 201910310337A CN 110042217 B CN110042217 B CN 110042217B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
- C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/60—Aqueous agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a heat treatment method of a nano bainite bearing, which comprises the following steps: carrying out austenitizing treatment on a bearing part to be treated; cooling the surface of the bearing part to be treated to a first temperature in a water bath; carrying out isothermal treatment on the bearing part to be treated at a second temperature to enable the material of the bearing part to be treated to carry out bainite transformation; wherein the first temperature is below the martensite start temperature of the material of the bearing part to be treated, and the second temperature is above the martensite start temperature of the material of the bearing part to be treated. The invention also discloses a bearing manufactured by the method. The cooling treatment of the bearing part to be treated is carried out by adopting water bath, so that a salt bath method is avoided, the cost is further reduced, and the pollution to the environment is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of bearing manufacturing, in particular to a nano bainite bearing heat treatment method and a bearing manufactured by the same.
Background
The nano bainite bearing is a bainite bearing and has the characteristics of long fatigue life, excellent wear resistance and high impact toughness, so that the nano bainite bearing is suitable for impact load conditions. In the patent technology of the nano bainite bearing steel disclosed in recent years, isothermal treatment is required by a salt bath method no matter conventional bainite treatment or low-temperature nano bainite treatment is adopted.
However, the salt bath process requires specialized salt bath equipment for treatment. Wherein, a certain amount of crystal water is added into the molten salt to improve the quenching intensity and realize the rapid cooling of the bearing. However, such salt bath equipment is expensive and also causes some environmental pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heat treatment method of a nano bainite bearing and a bearing prepared by the heat treatment method, which avoids a salt bath method, reduces the cost by utilizing water bath cooling, and avoids environmental pollution.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the invention discloses a heat treatment method of a nanometer bainite bearing, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, carrying out austenitizing treatment on a bearing part to be treated: heating the bearing part to be treated to 810-870 ℃, and preserving heat for 0.5-1 h;
step 2, cooling the surface temperature of the bearing part to be treated in water bath: when the temperature difference between the surface of the bearing part to be treated and the core of the bearing part to be treated is greater than or equal to 200 ℃, stopping the water bath, and standing the bearing part to be treated to reduce the temperature difference between the surface of the bearing part to be treated and the core of the bearing part to be treated; when the temperature difference between the surface of the bearing part to be processed and the core of the bearing part to be processed is less than or equal to 50 ℃, continuing the water bath until the surface of the bearing part to be processed reaches a first temperature;
step 3, carrying out isothermal treatment on the bearing part to be treated at a second temperature to enable the bearing part to be treated to carry out bainite transformation; the first temperature is lower than the martensite start transformation temperature of the bearing part material to be processed, and the second temperature is higher than the martensite start transformation temperature of the bearing part material to be processed; and
and 4, tempering the bearing part to be treated at 170-200 ℃, thereby removing the tissue stress of the material of the bearing part to be treated.
Preferably, in step 2, the water bath cooling includes water bath cooling the bearing part to be processed a plurality of times.
It is preferable that the first temperature is 130 to 160 ℃ and the second temperature is 180 to 210 ℃.
It may be preferred to carry out the water bath with running water at a temperature of 40 ℃ to 70 ℃.
Preferably, in step 3, the bearing part to be treated is isothermally treated using a low-temperature inert atmosphere furnace.
Preferably, in step 3, the bainite content generated in the structure of the material of the bearing part to be treated is 50 to 70 percent of the material structure of the bearing part to be treated.
It is preferable that the isothermal time is 3h to 8h in step 3.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a nano bainite bearing obtained by the method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the cooling treatment of the bearing part to be treated is carried out by adopting water bath, so that a salt bath method is avoided, the cost is further reduced, and the pollution to the environment is avoided.
Furthermore, in the cooling process by adopting water bath, the bearing part to be processed is firstly cooled to the first temperature lower than the martensite start transformation temperature, so that a certain amount of martensite is generated in the material structure of the bearing part to be processed, the bainite phase transformation is further promoted, and the heat treatment period is effectively shortened.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a heat treatment method of a nano bainite bearing of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Because salt bath equipment is expensive, certain pollution is caused to the environment. Based on the above, the invention provides a heat treatment method of a nanometer bainite bearing, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, carrying out austenitizing treatment on a bearing part to be treated: heating the bearing part to be treated to 810-870 ℃, and preserving heat for 0.5-1 h;
step 2, cooling the surface temperature of the bearing part to be treated in water bath: when the temperature difference between the surface of the bearing part to be treated and the core of the bearing part to be treated is greater than or equal to 200 ℃, stopping the water bath, and standing the bearing part to be treated to reduce the temperature difference between the surface of the bearing part to be treated and the core of the bearing part to be treated; when the temperature difference between the surface of the bearing part to be processed and the core of the bearing part to be processed is less than or equal to 50 ℃, continuing the water bath until the surface of the bearing part to be processed reaches a first temperature;
step 3, carrying out isothermal treatment on the bearing part to be treated at a second temperature to enable the bearing part to be treated to carry out bainite transformation; the first temperature is lower than the martensite start transformation temperature of the bearing part material to be processed, and the second temperature is higher than the martensite start transformation temperature of the bearing part material to be processed; and
and 4, tempering the bearing part to be treated at 170-200 ℃, thereby removing the tissue stress of the material of the bearing part to be treated.
It can be seen that the embodiment of the invention adopts the water bath to carry out the cooling treatment on the bearing part to be treated, thereby avoiding the high cost of the salt bath equipment when the salt bath method is used, reducing the cost and avoiding the pollution to the environment.
Furthermore, in the cooling process by adopting water bath, the bearing steel to be treated is firstly cooled to the first temperature lower than the martensite start transformation temperature, so that a certain amount of martensite is generated in the material structure of the bearing part to be treated, the bainite phase transformation is further promoted, and the heat treatment period is effectively shortened.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, specific embodiments thereof are described in detail below.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention first provides a method for heat-treating a nano bainite bearing, including:
step S01: carrying out austenitizing treatment on a bearing part to be treated;
the bearing part to be processed can be a finished bearing part or a semi-finished bearing part. In this embodiment, the bearing component is a bearing component obtained by processing and forming a steel ingot subjected to spheroidizing annealing, and the bearing component may include a bearing inner ring, a bearing outer ring, and a rolling element, where the rolling element is matched with a raceway of the bearing inner ring and a raceway of the bearing outer ring.
Specifically, in the step, the bearing part to be treated is heated to 810-870 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 0.5-1 h to perform austenitizing treatment.
Step S02: cooling the surface of the bearing part to be treated to a first temperature in a water bath;
wherein the first temperature is less than the martensite start temperature of the material of the bearing part to be treated. Specifically, the first temperature may be 130 ℃ to 160 ℃, and in this embodiment, the first temperature may be 145 ℃.
The surface of the bearing part to be processed is cooled to a first temperature lower than the martensite start transformation temperature, so that a certain amount of martensite is generated in the structure of the bearing part to be processed, the bainite phase transformation is further promoted, and the heat treatment period is effectively shortened.
In this step, the water bath cooling treatment may specifically include water bath cooling the bearing part to be treated a plurality of times until the surface of the bearing part to be treated reaches the first temperature. This is because the cooling speed of the water bath cooling in this step is high, the surface and the core of the bearing part to be processed will have a certain temperature difference, if the temperature difference is too large, the bearing part may crack. The mode of multiple water bath cooling is adopted, so that the temperature difference between the surface temperature and the core part of the bearing part to be treated can be kept in a certain range, and the bearing part is prevented from cracking.
Specifically, in the multiple water bath process, when the temperature difference between the surface of the bearing part to be treated and the center of the bearing part to be treated is greater than or equal to 200 ℃, stopping the water bath, and standing the bearing steel to be treated to reduce the temperature difference between the surface of the bearing part to be treated and the center of the bearing part to be treated; and when the temperature difference between the surface of the bearing part to be treated and the core of the bearing part to be treated is less than or equal to 50 ℃, continuing the water bath until the surface of the bearing part to be treated reaches the first temperature.
In this embodiment, the surface of the bearing component to be treated obtained by multiple water bath cooling is 130-160 ℃, and the core temperature is 200-250 ℃.
In the embodiment, the flowing water with the temperature of 40-70 ℃ is preferably adopted for water bath, so that the surface defects of the bearing parts to be treated caused by the supercooled water temperature are avoided.
Step S03: and carrying out isothermal treatment on the bearing part to be treated at a second temperature to ensure that the bearing part to be treated is subjected to bainite transformation.
Wherein the second temperature is greater than the martensite start temperature of the material of the bearing component to be treated. Specifically, the second temperature may be 180 ℃ to 210 ℃, and in this embodiment, the second temperature may be 195 ℃.
In the embodiment, the isothermal time for isothermal treatment of the bearing part to be treated is 3h-8h, and in the embodiment, the isothermal time can be 5 h. From another point of view, the bainite content generated in the material structure of the bearing part to be processed is 50-70% of the material structure of the bearing part to be processed in the step. Namely, the isothermal treatment in the step is carried out until the bainite content of the material structure of the bearing part to be treated reaches 50-70%, and then the corresponding isothermal time is determined according to the actual transformation amount.
This step may be carried out in a low temperature inert atmosphere furnace. The inert gas atmosphere refers to an inert gas environment, and specific inert gases can be helium, neon, argon, nitrogen and the like.
In addition, in this embodiment, after step S03, the method further includes or may further include:
step S04: tempering the bearing part to be treated at 170-200 ℃.
Through tempering treatment, the stress of the material structure of the bearing part to be treated is effectively eliminated, the material structure of the bearing part can be further stabilized, and the performance is improved.
The present invention further provides two specific examples for ease of illustration.
Example 1: the high-carbon chromium nano bainite bearing steel is prepared from the following main chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.92, Si: 1.51, Mn: 0.45, Cr: 1.42, Mo: 0.20. after the bearing steel is subjected to spheroidizing annealing treatment, the bearing steel is processed into bearing parts, and the wall thickness of a bearing ring is 40 mm. And then heating the bearing part to 830 ℃, preserving heat for 40 minutes, putting the bearing part into warm water at 70 ℃, preserving heat for 10 seconds, taking out the bearing part, standing for 65 seconds, putting the bearing part into water again, cooling for 6 seconds, keeping the surface temperature to 135 ℃, putting the bearing ring into an inert atmosphere furnace at 200 ℃ for isothermal treatment, preserving heat for 3.5 hours until the bainite generation content reaches 50%, taking out, cooling, and finally preserving heat for 1 hour in a furnace at 175 ℃ for tempering treatment. The surface hardness of the bearing ring treated by the method is 62.5HRC, the core hardness is 58.6HRC, and the unnotched impact toughness is 68J/cm2。
Example 2: a carburized nanometer bainite bearing is adopted, and the main chemical components comprise, by mass: 0.23, Si: 1.46, Mn: 0.62, Cr: 1.56, Ni: 0.59 percent of,Mo: 0.25. the bearing steel is processed into bearing parts, and the wall thickness of a bearing ring is 85 mm. Then, carburizing treatment was performed so that the C content of the carburized surface reached 0.95 wt.%. And carrying out spheroidizing high-temperature tempering on the carburized bearing part. And then heating the bearing part to 865 ℃ for 60 minutes, putting the bearing part into warm water at 50 ℃ for heat preservation for 25s, taking out the bearing part, standing for 100s, then putting the bearing part into water again for cooling for 10s, keeping the surface temperature to 155 ℃, putting the bearing ring into an inert atmosphere furnace at 185 ℃ for isothermal treatment, keeping the temperature for 7.5h until the bainite generation amount reaches 65%, taking out the bearing ring for cooling, and finally keeping the temperature in the furnace at 180 ℃ for 1h for tempering treatment. The surface hardness of the bearing ring treated by the method is 61.5HRC, the core hardness is 41.6HRC, and the impact toughness of a U-shaped notch of the core is 112J/cm2。
In the embodiment, the water bath is adopted for cooling the bearing part to be treated, so that a salt bath method is avoided, the cost is reduced, and the pollution to the environment is avoided.
Furthermore, in the cooling process by adopting water bath, the bearing part to be processed is firstly cooled to the first temperature which is lower than the martensite start transformation temperature, so that a certain amount of martensite is generated in the material tissue of the bearing part to be processed, the bainite phase transformation is further promoted, and the heat treatment period is effectively shortened.
In another embodiment of the invention, a nano bainite bearing is further provided, and parts of the nano bainite bearing are obtained by the method in the embodiment. The bearing part may be formed by the forming method described in the foregoing embodiment, and for the specific description of the bearing part described in this embodiment, reference may be made to the corresponding description in the foregoing embodiment, which is not described herein again.
It is to be understood that the end points of the specific numerical ranges are also included in the scope of the present invention. Although the present invention is disclosed above, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A heat treatment method for a nanometer bainite bearing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, carrying out austenitizing treatment on a bearing part to be treated: heating the bearing part to be treated to 810-870 ℃, and preserving heat for 0.5-1 h;
step 2, cooling the surface temperature of the bearing part to be treated in water bath: cooling the bearing part to be processed by multiple times of water bath, stopping the water bath when the temperature difference between the surface of the bearing part to be processed and the core of the bearing part to be processed is greater than or equal to 200 ℃, and standing the bearing part to be processed to reduce the temperature difference between the surface of the bearing part to be processed and the core of the bearing part to be processed; when the temperature difference between the surface of the bearing part to be processed and the core of the bearing part to be processed is less than or equal to 50 ℃, continuing the water bath until the surface of the bearing part to be processed reaches a first temperature of 130-160 ℃; wherein, the water bath is carried out by adopting flowing water with the temperature of 40-70 ℃; the adoption of a multiple water bath cooling mode can ensure that the temperature difference between the surface of the bearing part to be treated and the core part is kept in a certain range, and avoid cracking of the bearing part;
step 3, carrying out isothermal treatment on the bearing part to be treated at a second temperature of 180-210 ℃ to ensure that the bearing part to be treated is subjected to bainite transformation; the first temperature is lower than the martensite start transformation temperature of the bearing part material to be processed, and the second temperature is higher than the martensite start transformation temperature of the bearing part material to be processed; and
and 4, tempering the bearing part to be treated at 170-200 ℃, thereby removing the tissue stress of the material of the bearing part to be treated.
2. The method for heat-treating a nano bainite bearing according to claim 1 wherein, in step 3, the bearing part to be treated is isothermally treated in a low temperature inert atmosphere furnace.
3. The heat treatment method for the nano bainite bearing according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the bainite content generated in the structure of the material of the bearing part to be treated is 50% to 70% of the material structure of the bearing part to be treated.
4. The method for heat-treating a nano bainite bearing according to claim 1 wherein in step 3, the isothermal time is 3 to 8 hours.
5. A nano bainite bearing, characterized in that the bearing is manufactured by the heat treatment method of a nano bainite bearing according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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| CN201910310337.5A CN110042217B (en) | 2019-04-17 | 2019-04-17 | Nano bainite bearing heat treatment method and bearing manufactured by same |
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| CN201910310337.5A CN110042217B (en) | 2019-04-17 | 2019-04-17 | Nano bainite bearing heat treatment method and bearing manufactured by same |
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| CN111961811B (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2022-05-24 | 燕山大学 | Method for preparing impact-resistant steel part by using phase change speed difference |
| CN113337694B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2022-01-04 | 临清市同兴轴承锻造有限公司 | Spheroidizing annealing heat treatment method for ultrahigh-carbon bearing steel |
| CN118109663A (en) * | 2024-03-11 | 2024-05-31 | 济南大学 | High-toughness high-carbon chromium bearing heat treatment method |
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| JP5152832B2 (en) * | 2007-06-04 | 2013-02-27 | 株式会社不二越 | Hardening method of high carbon chromium bearing steel, high carbon chromium bearing steel, bearing parts and rolling bearing |
| CN102108433B (en) * | 2011-04-01 | 2012-07-25 | 瓦房店轴承集团有限责任公司 | Method for quenching bearing steel |
| CN102409144B (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2013-06-26 | 抚顺特殊钢股份有限公司 | Continuous type alloy steel heat treatment line |
| CN106467931B (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2018-08-07 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of method of manufacturing technology promoting bearer ring performance |
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