CN111381314B - Small-outer-diameter single-mode optical fiber - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02395—Glass optical fibre with a protective coating, e.g. two layer polymer coating deposited directly on a silica cladding surface during fibre manufacture
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
- C03C25/10—Coating
- C03C25/104—Coating to obtain optical fibres
- C03C25/106—Single coatings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02214—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating tailored to obtain the desired dispersion, e.g. dispersion shifted, dispersion flattened
- G02B6/02219—Characterised by the wavelength dispersion properties in the silica low loss window around 1550 nm, i.e. S, C, L and U bands from 1460-1675 nm
- G02B6/02266—Positive dispersion fibres at 1550 nm
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/028—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with core or cladding having graded refractive index
- G02B6/0286—Combination of graded index in the central core segment and a graded index layer external to the central core segment
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03622—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only
- G02B6/03633—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only arranged - -
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03638—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only
- G02B6/03644—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only arranged - + -
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03638—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only
- G02B6/0365—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only arranged - - +
Abstract
The invention relates to a small-outer-diameter single-mode optical fiber, which comprises a core layer and a cladding, and is characterized in that the diameter 2R1 of the core layer is 7.0-7.4 mu m, the relative refractive index difference is delta 1, the cladding is a sunken inner cladding and an outer cladding in sequence from inside to outside, the diameter 2R2 of the sunken inner cladding is 26-34 mu m, the refractive index distribution of the sunken inner cladding is concave, the minimum relative refractive index difference is delta 2min, the refractive index difference delta total between the core layer and the inner cladding is delta 1-delta 2min, the delta total range is 0.37-0.44%, and the relative refractive index difference matching relationship between the core layer and the sunken inner cladding meets the following requirements: an | Delta 1/Delta 2min | 7.5-10, the outer cladding is a pure silicon dioxide outer cladding, the relative refractive index difference Delta 3 of the outer cladding is 0%, the diameter 2R3 of the outer cladding is 124-126 μm, the outer cladding is coated with an inner coating and an outer coating, the diameter 2R4 of the inner coating is 150-170 μm, and the diameter 2R5 of the outer coating is 180-220 μm. The optical fiber has larger mode field diameter, lower bending loss and good microbending performance through the optimization of the section structure and the coating process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a small-outer-diameter low-bending-loss single-mode optical fiber, and belongs to the field of optical communication transmission.
Background
With the continuous development of FTTx, optical fibers face complex construction environments such as the interior of a cell and a corner of a corridor under many conditions, and thus certain bending resistance of the optical fibers is required, so that the optical fibers can still ensure normal transmission of signals under the condition of small bending radius.
G.657.A1 optical fiber, at least meets the condition of 10mm bending radius, and meets the FTTx use environment. In order to achieve better bending performance of the optical fiber, the mode field diameter of the optical fiber is reduced or the cut-off wavelength of the optical fiber is increased, and considering that the cut-off wavelength of the optical fiber after cabling must be smaller than 1260nm, the space for improving the bending performance of the optical fiber by increasing the cut-off wavelength of the optical fiber is limited, the mode field diameter of the optical fiber is reduced, but the G.657.A1 optical fiber is required to be compatible with G.652.D at the same time, and the fusion loss of the optical fiber is increased by reducing the MFD of the optical fiber. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an optical fiber having a large mode field diameter and excellent bending properties.
Compared with a common single-mode optical fiber structure, a common method for improving the bending performance of the optical fiber is a sunken outer cladding layer design, the bending performance of the optical fiber can be improved under the condition that the doping of a core layer is not increased through the sunken outer cladding layer design, but the sunken layer is far away from the core layer of the optical fiber through the design, the improvement on the bending performance of the optical fiber is weak, and in order to achieve the purpose of excellent bending performance, the sunken layer needs to be designed to be wider and deeper, the process is complex, and the cut-off wavelength and the dispersion performance of the optical fiber can also be influenced.
Through research, the more effective method for improving the bending resistance of the optical fiber is to design an optical fiber section by adopting a sunken inner cladding structure, and through the research on the optical fiber of the sunken inner cladding structure, the section design has certain requirements and limits on the depth and the width of the sunken inner cladding of the optical fiber, the bending resistance of the optical fiber is not greatly improved due to the over-shallow and over-narrow inner cladding, the over-deep and over-wide inner cladding is not beneficial to ensuring the larger mode field diameter of the optical fiber, and in order to ensure the larger mode field diameter and the excellent bending resistance of the optical fiber, the design of the width and the depth of the sunken inner cladding is very important.
The profile structure not only affects the bending performance of the optical fiber, but also has an important influence on the attenuation of the optical fiber. The optical fiber core layer is increased in proportion of germanium dioxide, which is beneficial to enhancing the bending insensitivity of the optical fiber, but the increase of the concentration of the germanium dioxide can cause the enhancement of Rayleigh scattering, thereby increasing the attenuation of the optical fiber. Another way to enhance the bend insensitivity of the fiber is to increase the fluorine doping of the inner cladding, which, however, reduces the viscosity of the inner cladding, which leads to a viscosity mismatch between the core and inner cladding of the fiber and thus to an increase in fiber attenuation. Therefore, ensuring the bending performance of the optical fiber requires not only satisfying the difference (Δ total) between the core refractive index and the inner cladding refractive index, but also a reasonable distribution between the core refractive index and the inner cladding refractive index.
The small-outer-diameter optical fiber is realized by reducing the thickness of the coating layer on the premise of keeping the size of the optical fiber glass part unchanged, but the reduction of the thickness of the coating layer means that the protection of the coating layer on the optical fiber glass part is weakened, so that when the optical fiber is extruded from the outside, the pressure is more easily conducted to the optical fiber glass part, and in addition, when the optical cable is used in a low-temperature environment, the optical fiber can be extruded by the contraction of the outer sleeve. Microbend losses are losses caused by small distortions in the fiber axis, and thus microbend losses generally increase with decreasing fiber outer diameter. The requirement for microbending performance is high in view of the fact that small outer diameter optical fibers are generally used in small outer diameter optical cables or other small optical devices. Researches find that the microbending performance of the optical fiber can be improved from two aspects, namely the macrobending performance of the optical fiber is improved, namely the section of the optical fiber is designed by adopting the sunken inner cladding structure; and secondly, the protection of the optical fiber coating on the glass part is enhanced, and the microbending performance of the optical fiber is ensured when the outer diameter of the optical fiber is reduced by reasonably matching the modulus of the coating on the inner layer and the outer layer of the optical fiber and adjusting the coating curing process.
Patent CN102272635A describes a bend insensitive optical fiber with a small outer diameter, requiring that the first coating layer preferably has an outer diameter below 160um, more preferably less than 155 um. The first layer coating has the function of buffering external force on the optical fiber, is very important for improving the microbending performance of the optical fiber, has too low coating thickness, can put forward too high requirements on the performance of the coating in order to ensure the microbending of the optical fiber, and is not beneficial to large-scale production and application of the optical fiber.
U.S. Pat. No. 4, 20180203184, 1 describes a small outer diameter optical fiber and designs the composition of the optical fiber coating, but there is no mention of how to improve the microbending properties of the optical fiber by optimizing the curing conditions, and in fact, the curing conditions of the optical fiber coating have a large influence on the microbending properties of the optical fiber in addition to the design of the coating components.
US20190049660a1 describes a series of optical fibers with bending properties satisfying g.657.a1, most refractive index profiles are designed with outer cladding depressed, and few refractive index profiles contain inner cladding depressed structures, but the outer cladding is very complicated in design, long in production process route, high in cost, and not beneficial to mass production.
Disclosure of Invention
For convenience of introduction to the present disclosure, some terms are defined:
performing: the glass rod or assembly of the designed optical fiber can be directly drawn by the radial refractive index distribution formed by the core layer and the cladding layer according with the design requirement of the optical fiber.
A core rod; a solid glass preform comprising a core layer and a portion of a cladding layer.
Radius: the distance between the outer boundary of the layer and the center point.
Refractive index profile: the relationship between the refractive index of the glass of the optical fiber or optical fiber preform (including the core rod) and its radius.
Relative refractive index difference: Δ% ([ (n))i 2-n0 2)/2ni 2]×100％≈(ni-n0)/n0×100％，ni-and n0The refractive index of each corresponding part of the optical fiber and the refractive index of the outer cladding pure silica glass are respectively shown.
Cylinder: a tubular substrate tube, a pure quartz glass tube meeting certain geometric requirements.
The OVD process comprises the following steps: the quartz glass with the required thickness and the required refractive index profile is prepared by an external vapor deposition and sintering process.
The glass portion of the optical fiber refers to the glass filaments of the optical fiber that do not contain a coating layer.
The dispersion of an optical fiber refers to the sum of the material dispersion and the waveguide dispersion.
The macrobend additional loss test method refers to the method specified in IEC 60793-1-47.
The microbending loss test method is referred to the method specified in IEC TR 62221.
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a small-outer-diameter single-mode optical fiber aiming at the defects in the prior art, wherein the optical fiber not only has a larger mode field diameter, but also has lower bending loss and good microbending performance through the optimization of a section structure.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows: the optical fiber core comprises a core layer and a cladding layer, and is characterized in that the diameter 2R1 of the core layer is 7.0-7.4 mu m, the relative refractive index difference is delta 1, the cladding layer sequentially comprises a sunken inner cladding layer and an outer cladding layer from inside to outside, the diameter 2R2 of the sunken inner cladding layer is 26-34 mu m, the refractive index distribution of the sunken inner cladding layer is concave, the minimum relative refractive index difference is delta 2min, the refractive index difference delta total between the core layer and the inner cladding layer is delta 1-delta 2min, the delta total range is 0.37-0.44%, and the relative refractive index difference matching relationship between the core layer and the sunken inner cladding layer satisfies the following requirements: the liquid crystal display comprises an | Delta 1/Delta 2min | 7.5-10, wherein the outer cladding is a pure silicon dioxide outer cladding, the relative refractive index difference Delta 3 of the outer cladding is 0%, the diameter 2R3 of the outer cladding is 124-126 microns, the outer cladding is coated with an inner coating and an outer coating, the diameter 2R4 of the inner coating is 150-170 microns, and the diameter 2R5 of the outer coating is 180-220 microns.
According to the scheme, the relative refractive index difference between the inner edge and the outer edge of the depressed inner cladding is flush with the relative refractive index difference delta 3 of the outer cladding, and the relative refractive index difference gradually decreases to gradually increases from the inner edge to the outer edge.
According to the scheme, the delta total ranges from 0.38% to 0.42%, and the | delta 1/delta 2min |, ranges from 8.2% to 9.2.
According to the scheme, the inner coating layer and the outer coating layer are resin coating layers, the Young modulus of the inner coating layer is less than or equal to 1MPa, preferably 0.5MPa, and the curing degree is 90-95%, and the Young modulus of the outer coating layer is greater than or equal to 1000MPa, preferably 1200MPa, and the curing degree is 95-99%.
According to the scheme, the diameter of the inner coating layer 2R4 is 163-195 μm, and the diameter of the outer coating layer 2R5 is 190-195 μm.
According to the scheme, the mode field diameter of the optical fiber at the wavelength of 1310nm is 8.6-9.2um, the cut-off wavelength of the optical cable is less than or equal to 1260nm, and the zero dispersion wavelength is 1300-1324 nm.
According to the scheme, the bending additional loss of the optical fiber is less than or equal to 0.06dB at the wavelength of 1550nm when the optical fiber is wound for 10 circles around the bending radius of 15mm, and the bending additional loss of the optical fiber is less than or equal to 0.2dB when the optical fiber is wound for 1 circle around the bending radius of 10 mm.
According to the scheme, at 1625nm, the bending additional loss of the optical fiber is less than or equal to 0.2dB when the optical fiber is wound for 10 circles around a bending radius of 15mm, and the bending additional loss of the optical fiber is less than or equal to 0.5dB when the optical fiber is wound for 1 circle around the bending radius of 10 mm.
According to the scheme, the microbending of the optical fiber at the wavelength of 1700nm is less than or equal to 6 dB/km.
The manufacturing method adopted by the optical fiber is that a prefabricated rod is prepared by VAD and RIC combined technology, the VAD technology is used for preparing the core rod corresponding to the optical fiber core layer and the F-doped sunken inner cladding layer, the core rod prepared by VAD is matched with a Cylinder to obtain the prefabricated rod, and the prefabricated rod is matched with a small-aperture coating device to be drawn to obtain the small-outer-diameter low-bending-loss optical fiber.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the refractive index distribution single-mode fiber with the inner cladding having the gradually-changed refractive index is designed, and through reasonable configuration of a refractive index profile, the fiber has lower bending loss and improved bending performance on the premise of ensuring that the fiber has a larger mode field diameter; 2. the core layer is doped with germanium, so that the core layer of the optical fiber has a larger elastic optical coefficient, the influence of stress generated in a bending state on the change of the refractive index is reduced, the section distortion is small, the sunken cladding layer is doped with fluorine, the sunken cladding layer has the lowest refractive index and the lowest modulus, and the influence of the stress in the bending state on the core layer can be buffered, so that the bending resistance of the optical fiber is effectively improved; 3. the refractive index matching between the core layer and the inner cladding is optimized, and the attenuation performance of the optical fiber is lower; 4. the coating modulus and the curing degree of the inner and outer coating layers are optimized, the outer coating layer is hard and can effectively resist the influence of external force on the optical fiber, the inner coating layer is soft and can buffer the influence from the outside, the optical fiber is protected, and the optical fiber can keep excellent microbending performance under a severe use environment after the outer diameter of the optical fiber is reduced; 5. the optical fiber has lower bending loss under the bending radius of 10mm and 15mm, the cross section area of the optical fiber is only 70 percent of that of the traditional optical fiber, and the requirements of complex layout environment of an access network, small diameter of an optical cable and miniaturization of an optical device are met; 6. the optical fiber provided by the invention meets the G.657.A1 standard and is perfectly compatible with the G.652 optical fiber.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the refractive index of an optical fiber according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a radial cross-section of an optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
The optical fiber sequentially comprises a core layer, a sunken inner cladding layer, an outer cladding layer, an inner coating layer and an outer coating layer from inside to outside, wherein the core layer, the sunken inner cladding layer and the outer cladding layer are silica glass parts of the optical fiber, and the inner coating layer and the outer coating layer are resin coating layers of the optical fiber; the core layer has the diameter of 2R1, the relative refractive index difference is delta 1, the diameter of the sunken inner cladding layer is 2R2, the refractive index distribution of the sunken inner cladding layer is concave, the relative refractive index difference between the inner edge and the outer edge of the sunken inner cladding layer is flush and equal to the relative refractive index difference delta 3 of the outer cladding layer, the sunken inner cladding layer has the relative refractive index difference which is gradually decreased from the inner edge to the outer edge and then gradually increased, the minimum relative refractive index difference is delta 2min, the refractive index difference delta 3 of the outer cladding layer is 0%, the core layer is a silica glass layer doped with germanium or germanium chloride, the sunken inner cladding layer is a silica glass layer doped with fluorine, the outer cladding layer is a pure silica glass layer, the Young modulus of the inner cladding layer is 0.5MPa, the curing degree is 95%, the Young modulus of the outer cladding layer is 1200MPa, and the curing. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the outer cladding diameter was 125 μm, and the final outer diameter of the optical fiber was about 193 μm, thereby forming a small outer diameter single mode fiber.
According to the technical scheme of the small-outer-diameter low-bending-loss single-mode optical fiber, the parameters of the optical fiber are designed within the specified range, the main parameters of the refractive index profile structure of the produced optical fiber are shown in table 1, the main performance parameters of the prepared optical fiber are shown in table 2, wherein 1-6 are examples of the invention, 7-8 are outsourced samples as comparative examples, and the invention has excellent bending performance and low attenuation while ensuring a larger mode field diameter, and the microbending performance is equivalent to that of a conventional outer-diameter optical fiber although the thickness of the optical fiber coating is reduced.
TABLE 1 main parameters of the refractive index profile structure of optical fibers
TABLE 2 Main Property parameters of the optical fibers
Claims (8)
1. The small-outer-diameter single-mode optical fiber comprises a core layer and a cladding, and is characterized in that the diameter 2R1 of the core layer is 7.0-7.4 mu m, the relative refractive index difference is delta 1, the cladding is a sunken inner cladding and an outer cladding in sequence from inside to outside, the diameter 2R2 of the sunken inner cladding is 26-34 mu m, the refractive index distribution of the sunken inner cladding is concave, the minimum relative refractive index difference is delta 2min, the refractive index difference delta total between the core layer and the inner cladding is delta 1-delta 2min, the delta total range is 0.37-0.44%, and the relative refractive index difference matching relationship between the core layer and the sunken inner cladding meets the following requirements: the liquid crystal display comprises an | Delta 1/Delta 2min | 7.5-10, wherein the outer cladding is a pure silicon dioxide outer cladding, the relative refractive index difference Delta 3 of the outer cladding is 0%, the diameter 2R3 of the outer cladding is 124-126 microns, the outer cladding is coated with an inner coating and an outer coating, the diameter 2R4 of the inner coating is 150-170 microns, and the diameter 2R5 of the outer coating is 180-220 microns; the relative refractive index difference between the inner edge and the outer edge of the depressed inner cladding is flush with the relative refractive index difference delta 3 of the outer cladding, and the relative refractive index difference from the inner edge to the outer edge is gradually reduced to be gradually increased.
2. The small diameter single mode optical fiber of claim 1, wherein Δ total is in the range of 0.38-0.42%, | Δ 1/Δ 2min | is in the range of 8.2-9.2.
3. The small outer diameter single mode optical fiber according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said inner and outer coating layers are resin coating layers, said inner coating layer has a young's modulus of 1MPa or less and a degree of cure of 90 to 95%, said outer coating layer has a young's modulus of 1000MPa or more and a degree of cure of 95 to 99%.
4. The small outer diameter single mode optical fiber of claim 1 or 2 wherein said inner coating diameter 2R4 is 163-.
5. The small outer diameter single mode optical fiber as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the mode field diameter of the optical fiber at 1310nm is 8.6-9.2um, the cable cut-off wavelength is less than or equal to 1260nm, and the zero dispersion wavelength is 1300-1324 nm.
6. The small outer diameter single mode optical fiber of claim 1 or 2, wherein said fiber has a bend add loss of less than or equal to 0.06dB at a wavelength of 1550nm for 10 turns around a 15mm bend radius and less than or equal to 0.2dB for 1 turn around a 10mm bend radius.
7. The small outer diameter single mode optical fiber of claim 1 or 2, wherein said fiber has a bend add loss of less than or equal to 0.2dB at 1625nm for 10 turns around a 15mm bend radius and less than or equal to 0.5dB for 1 turn around a 10mm bend radius.
8. The small outer diameter single mode optical fiber of claim 1 or 2, wherein said fiber has a microbend at 1700nm of 6dB/km or less.
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| CN102540327A (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2012-07-04 | 长飞光纤光缆有限公司 | Bent insensitive single-mode optical fiber |
| US9110220B2 (en) * | 2013-07-16 | 2015-08-18 | Corning Incorporated | High bandwidth MMF and method of making |
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