WO2023004664A1 - Fiber structure and preparation method therefor - Google Patents

Fiber structure and preparation method therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023004664A1
WO2023004664A1 PCT/CN2021/109148 CN2021109148W WO2023004664A1 WO 2023004664 A1 WO2023004664 A1 WO 2023004664A1 CN 2021109148 W CN2021109148 W CN 2021109148W WO 2023004664 A1 WO2023004664 A1 WO 2023004664A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cladding
optical fiber
diameter
layer
satisfies
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PCT/CN2021/109148
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王林
张功会
顾灵卫
董魏
袁建超
戚仁宝
朱永刚
陈伟
翟云霄
Original Assignee
江苏亨通光纤科技有限公司
江苏亨通光导新材料有限公司
江苏亨通光电股份有限公司
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Application filed by 江苏亨通光纤科技有限公司, 江苏亨通光导新材料有限公司, 江苏亨通光电股份有限公司 filed Critical 江苏亨通光纤科技有限公司
Priority to DE112021005214.4T priority Critical patent/DE112021005214T8/en
Priority to PCT/CN2021/109148 priority patent/WO2023004664A1/en
Priority to CN202180048683.6A priority patent/CN116324544A/en
Publication of WO2023004664A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023004664A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02395—Glass optical fibre with a protective coating, e.g. two layer polymer coating deposited directly on a silica cladding surface during fibre manufacture
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
    • G02B6/03622—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only
    • G02B6/03627—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only arranged - +

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of optical fiber technology, for example, to an optical fiber structure and a preparation method thereof.
  • the thin-structured optical fiber has a smaller fiber diameter while maintaining good fiber performance and compatibility.
  • the use of fine-structured optical fibers can reduce the size of the optical cable by more than 15%; in the same size optical cable, use The thin-structured optical fiber can increase the optical fiber capacity in the optical cable by more than 45%.
  • This type of optical fiber can meet the application requirements of long-distance trunk lines, fiber to the x (Fiber To The x, FTTx) access network, fiber-to-the-home and other applications.
  • Network expansion investment in some special occasions, can meet the needs of home access under narrow space and extreme bending, and is the mainstream optical fiber for future 5G and large-capacity network construction.
  • the present application provides an optical fiber structure and a preparation method thereof, which ensure the bending performance and mechanical properties of the optical fiber structure and ensure stable performance of the optical fiber on the basis of realizing a fine-structured optical fiber.
  • the application provides an optical fiber structure, including:
  • the diameter d4 of the outer coating satisfies 160 ⁇ m ⁇ d4 ⁇ 185 ⁇ m.
  • the present application also provides a method for preparing an optical fiber structure, which is used to prepare the above optical fiber structure;
  • Described preparation method comprises:
  • the optical fiber preform Melting and drawing the optical fiber preform to form a bare optical fiber, wherein the core optical rod is drawn to form a core layer, and the cladding optical rod is drawn to form a cladding, and the diameter d1 of the core layer satisfies 5 ⁇ m ⁇ d1 ⁇ 15 ⁇ m, the The median value of the cladding diameter d2 satisfies 80 ⁇ m ⁇ d2 ⁇ 125 ⁇ m;
  • An inner coating is prepared on the surface of the bare optical fiber, wherein the inner coating covers the cladding, and the diameter d3 of the inner coating satisfies 120 ⁇ m ⁇ d3 ⁇ 160 ⁇ m;
  • An outer coating is prepared on the surface of the inner coating, wherein the outer coating covers the inner coating, and the diameter d4 of the outer coating satisfies 160 ⁇ m ⁇ d4 ⁇ 185 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an optical fiber structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another optical fiber structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing an optical fiber structure provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of another method for preparing an optical fiber structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic flowchart of another method for preparing an optical fiber structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical fiber structure 10 provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a core layer 11, and the diameter d1 of the core layer 11 satisfies 5 ⁇ m ⁇ d1 ⁇ 15 ⁇ m;
  • the outer coating 14 covering the inner coating 13, the diameter d4 of the outer coating 14 satisfies 160 ⁇ m ⁇ d4 ⁇ 185 ⁇ m.
  • the optical fiber structure 10 includes a core layer 11, a cladding layer 12, an inner coating layer 13 and an outer coating layer 14 from the inside to the outside, wherein the cladding layer 12 is set to protect the core layer 11, and the inner coating layer 13 is set To protect the cladding 12, the outer coating 14 is set to protect the inner coating 13, to ensure the integrity and stability of the core layer 11, cladding 12 and inner coating 13 in the optical fiber structure 10, and to ensure that the optical fiber structure 10 can transmit signals normally.
  • the diameter d1 of the core layer 11 satisfies 5 ⁇ m ⁇ d1 ⁇ 15 ⁇ m
  • the median value d2 of the diameter of the cladding 12 satisfies 80 ⁇ m ⁇ d2 ⁇ 125 ⁇ m
  • the diameter d3 of the inner coating 13 satisfies 120 ⁇ m ⁇ d3 ⁇ 160 ⁇ m
  • the diameter d4 of the outer coating 14 Satisfying 160 ⁇ m ⁇ d4 ⁇ 185 ⁇ m, by setting the sizes of the core layer 11 , the cladding layer 12 , the inner coating layer 13 and the outer coating layer 14 to be small, it is ensured that a fine-structure optical fiber can be realized.
  • the use of fine-structured optical fibers can reduce the size of the optical cable by more than 15%; Long-distance trunk line, FTTx access network, fiber-to-the-home and other application requirements; in the construction of metropolitan area network, the utilization rate of pipeline resources can be greatly improved, and the network expansion investment of operators can be reduced. In some special occasions, it can meet the narrow space and limit Under-bending household entry requirements.
  • the diameter of the core layer 11, the diameter of the cladding 12, the diameter of the inner coating 13 and the diameter of the outer coating 14 it can also ensure that the fine-structured optical fiber has good bending performance and mechanical properties, and ensure that the fine-structured optical fiber has good practical application performance.
  • the diameter d1 of the core layer 11 satisfies 5 ⁇ m ⁇ d1 ⁇ 15 ⁇ m, wherein, d1 can be any value between 5 ⁇ m and 15 ⁇ m, such as 5 ⁇ m, 6 ⁇ m, 7.5 ⁇ m, 9 ⁇ m, 10.2 ⁇ m, 11.8 ⁇ m, 13 ⁇ m or 15 ⁇ m.
  • the diameter data of the core layer 11 is not limited, and the core layer 11 can be set to have different diameters in different usage scenarios to meet actual needs.
  • the median value d2 of the diameter of the cladding 12 satisfies 80 ⁇ m ⁇ d2 ⁇ 125 ⁇ m, where d2 can be any value between 80 ⁇ m and 125 ⁇ m, such as 80 ⁇ m, 87 ⁇ m, 90.4 ⁇ m, 100 ⁇ m, 106 ⁇ m, 110.25 ⁇ m, 120.8 ⁇ m or 125 ⁇ m,
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the diameter data of the cladding 12 , and the cladding 12 can be set to have different diameters in different usage scenarios to meet actual needs.
  • the diameter d3 of the inner coating 13 satisfies 120 ⁇ m ⁇ d3 ⁇ 160 ⁇ m, where d3 can be any value between 120 ⁇ m and 160 ⁇ m, such as 120 ⁇ m, 127 ⁇ m, 130.8 ⁇ m, 135 ⁇ m, 147.5 ⁇ m, 150.33 ⁇ m, 152 ⁇ m or 160 ⁇ m.
  • the embodiment does not limit the diameter data of the inner coating 13, and the inner coating 13 can be set to have different diameters in different usage scenarios to meet actual needs.
  • the diameter d4 of the outer coating 14 satisfies 160 ⁇ m ⁇ d4 ⁇ 185 ⁇ m, wherein, d4 can be any value between 160 ⁇ m and 185 ⁇ m, such as 160 ⁇ m, 163.5 ⁇ m, 168 ⁇ m, 170.55 ⁇ m, 174 ⁇ m, 178.8 ⁇ m, 180.6 ⁇ m or 185 ⁇ m.
  • the embodiment of the application does not limit the diameter data of the outer coating 14 , and the outer coating 14 can be set to have different diameters in different usage scenarios to meet actual needs.
  • the core layer 11 can be a silicon dioxide core layer, and the core layer 11 can be prepared from the same material as the core layer in the existing optical fiber structure, so that the preparation process of the core layer 11 is simple.
  • the cladding 12 can be a silica cladding, and the cladding 12 can be prepared from the same material as the cladding in the existing optical fiber structure, so that the preparation process of the cladding 12 is simple.
  • the inner coating 13 may include a high-buffer inner coating, such as obtained by doping resin materials, so as to provide good buffer protection for the cladding layer 12 and the core layer 11. In the embodiment of the present application, the material of the inner coating 13 is not limited.
  • the outer coating 14 may include a high-strength outer coating, such as obtained by doping a resin material, so as to protect the inner coating 13, the cladding 12 and the core 11 with good strength, and prevent the optical fiber structure 10 from being damaged by the outside world.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the material of the outer coating 14 .
  • the optical fiber structure provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a core layer, a cladding layer, an inner coating layer and an outer coating layer by setting the optical fiber structure, and setting the diameter d1 of the core layer to satisfy 5 ⁇ m ⁇ d1 ⁇ 15 ⁇ m, and the diameter of the cladding layer
  • the median d2 satisfies 80 ⁇ m ⁇ d2 ⁇ 125 ⁇ m
  • the diameter d3 of the inner coating satisfies 120 ⁇ m ⁇ d3 ⁇ 160 ⁇ m
  • the diameter d4 of the outer coating satisfies 160 ⁇ m ⁇ d4 ⁇ 185 ⁇ m.
  • the fine-structured optical fiber By reasonably setting the structure of the optical fiber structure and the diameter values of multiple structures , to ensure that the fine-structured optical fiber can be realized, reduce the size of the optical cable or increase the capacity of the optical fiber; at the same time, it can also ensure that the fine-structured optical fiber has good bending performance, mechanical properties and environmental performance, and ensure that the fine-structured optical fiber has good practical application performance.
  • the median value d2 of the diameter d3 of the inner coating 13 and the diameter of the cladding 12 satisfies 1.2 ⁇ d3/d2 ⁇ 1.626; the diameter d4 of the outer coating 14 and the diameter d3 of the inner coating 13 satisfy 1.125 ⁇ d4/d3 ⁇ 1.376.
  • the optical fiber structure 10 has good mechanical and physical properties, such as strength, hardness or bending performance, which can improve the applicability of the optical fiber structure and enhance the product competitiveness of the optical fiber structure while ensuring the realization of a fine-structured optical fiber.
  • the median value d2 of the diameter d3 of the inner coating 13 and the diameter of the cladding 12 satisfies 1.2 ⁇ d3/d2 ⁇ 1.626, wherein the ratio between d3 and d2 can be any value between 1.2 and 1.626, such as 1.2, 1.241 . , to meet actual needs.
  • the diameter d4 of the outer coating 14 and the diameter d3 of the inner coating 13 satisfy 1.125 ⁇ d4/d3 ⁇ 1.376, wherein the ratio between d4 and d3 can be any value between 1.125 and 1.376, such as 1.125, 1.167, 1.2 , 1.28, 1.305 or 1.376, the proportion relationship between the diameter of the outer coating 14 and the diameter of the inner coating 13 in the embodiment of the present application is not limited, and different proportion relationships can be set in different usage scenarios to meet actual needs .
  • the refractive index of the core layer 11 is n1
  • the refractive index of the cladding layer 12 is n2, wherein n1>n2.
  • the refractive index of the core layer 11 is set to n1
  • the refractive index of the cladding layer 12 is set to n2, wherein, n1>n2, so that a refractive index gradient is formed between the core layer 11 and the cladding layer 12, ensuring that the core layer 11 and the cladding layer 12 are
  • the cladding layers 12 have a good light-locking ability, and there is no light leakage between the core layer 11 and the cladding layer 12 when the fiber structure 10 is bent, ensuring that the fiber structure can still maintain good bending performance when it becomes thinner.
  • the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n1 between the core layer 11 and pure quartz glass satisfies +0.30% ⁇ n1 ⁇ +0.75%; the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n2 between the cladding layer 12 and pure quartz glass satisfies 0% ⁇ n2 ⁇ +0.001% .
  • the refractive index of the core layer 11 is greater than that of pure silica glass, for example, the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n1 between the core layer 11 and pure silica glass can satisfy +0.30% ⁇ n1 ⁇ +0.75%; the refractive index of the cladding layer 12 is greater than or equal to that of pure silica glass, and less than that of the core layer 11, for example, the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n2 between the cladding layer 12 and pure silica glass can satisfy 0% ⁇ ⁇ n2 ⁇ +0.001%.
  • the relative refractive index between the core layer 11 and the cladding layer 12 and the pure silica glass shows that the refractive index of the core layer 11 is greater than that of the cladding layer 12, so as to ensure a good light locking ability between the core layer 11 and the cladding layer 12 , when the optical fiber structure 10 is bent, there will be no light leakage between the core layer 11 and the cladding layer 12, so as to ensure that the optical fiber structure can still maintain good bending performance when it becomes thinner.
  • the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n1 between the core layer 11 and the pure silica glass satisfies +0.30% ⁇ n1 ⁇ +0.75%, where ⁇ n1 can be any value between +0.30% ⁇ +0.75%, such as +0.30%, +0.42%, +0.50%, +0.58%, +0.69% or +0.75%, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the relative refractive index difference between the core layer 11 and pure quartz glass, which can be set in different usage scenarios Different refractive index difference to meet actual needs.
  • the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n2 between cladding layer 12 and pure quartz glass satisfies 0% ⁇ n2 ⁇ +0.001%, where ⁇ n2 can be any value between 0.0% ⁇ +0.001%, such as 0%, +0.0002% , +0.0005%, +0.0008% or +0.001%, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the relative refractive index difference between the cladding 12 and pure quartz glass, different refractive index differences can be set in different usage scenarios, to meet actual needs.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of another optical fiber structure provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the cladding 12 may include an inner cladding 121 and an outer cladding 122, and the inner cladding 121 covers The core layer 11 and the outer cladding layer 122 cover the inner cladding layer 121; the refractive index of the core layer 11 is n1, the refractive index of the inner cladding layer 121 is n21, and the refractive index of the outer cladding layer 122 is n22, wherein n21 ⁇ n22 ⁇ n1.
  • the cladding layer 12 may include an inner cladding layer 121 and an outer cladding layer 122 , the inner cladding layer 121 is set to cover and protect the core layer 11 , and the outer cladding layer 122 is set to cover and protect the inner cladding layer 121 .
  • the refractive index n21 of the inner cladding layer 121, the refractive index n22 of the outer cladding layer 122 and the refractive index n1 of the core layer 11 satisfy n21 ⁇ n22 ⁇ n1, so between the core layer 11 and the inner cladding layer 121 and between the inner cladding layer 121 and the outer cladding layer 122 Refractive index gradients are formed between the core layer 11 and the inner cladding layer 121, as well as between the inner cladding layer 121 and the outer cladding layer 122, to ensure good light locking ability. And there is no light leakage between the inner cladding layer 121 and the outer cladding layer 122, which ensures that the optical fiber structure can still maintain good bending performance when it becomes thinner.
  • the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n21 between the inner cladding 121 and pure quartz glass satisfies -0.005% ⁇ n21 ⁇ 0%; the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n22 between the outer cladding 122 and pure quartz glass satisfies 0% ⁇ n22 ⁇ +0.001%.
  • the refractive index of the inner cladding 121 is less than or equal to the refractive index of pure silica glass, for example, the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n21 between the inner cladding 121 and pure silica glass can satisfy -0.005% ⁇ ⁇ n21 ⁇ 0%; the refractive index of the outer cladding 122 is greater than or equal to that of pure quartz glass, and smaller than that of the core layer 11, for example, the relative refractive index difference between the outer cladding 122 and pure quartz glass ⁇ n22 can satisfy 0% ⁇ n22 ⁇ +0.001%.
  • the relative refractive index difference between the inner cladding layer 121 and the outer cladding layer 122 and pure silica glass shows that the refractive index of the inner cladding layer 121 is smaller than the refractive index of the outer cladding layer 122, and both are smaller than the refractive index of the core layer 11, so that the core layer 11
  • a refractive index gradient is formed between the inner cladding layer 121 and between the inner cladding layer 121 and the outer cladding layer 122, so as to ensure good light locking ability between the core layer 11 and the inner cladding layer 121 and between the inner cladding layer 121 and the outer cladding layer 122,
  • the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n21 between the inner cladding 121 and pure quartz glass satisfies -0.005% ⁇ n21 ⁇ 0%, where ⁇ n21 can be any value between -0.005% and 0%, such as -0.005%, -0.004 %, -0.0032%, -0.002%, -0.001% or 0.0%, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the relative refractive index difference between the inner cladding 121 and pure quartz glass, and different refractive index values can be set in different usage scenarios Rate difference to meet actual needs.
  • the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n22 between the outer cladding 122 and pure quartz glass satisfies 0% ⁇ n22 ⁇ +0.001%, where ⁇ n22 can be any value between 0.0% and +0.001%, such as 0%, +0.0002% , +0.0005%, +0.0008% or +0.001%, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the relative refractive index difference between the outer cladding layer 122 and pure quartz glass, different refractive index differences can be set in different usage scenarios, to meet actual needs.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing an optical fiber structure provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Fig. 3 , the method for preparing an optical fiber structure provided in an embodiment of the present application includes:
  • the core layer can be prepared by using silicon dioxide material, and the core layer loose body is prepared by vapor phase deposition, and the core layer loose body is sintered at high temperature to form a transparent glass core layer optical rod.
  • silicon dioxide material can be used for the preparation of the cladding layer, and a layer of cladding loose body is deposited on the surface of the optical rod of the glass body core layer by vapor phase deposition. After the deposition is completed, high-temperature sintering is carried out to sinter the cladding loose body into a transparent The glass-clad optical rod is prepared into an optical fiber prefabricated rod.
  • the optical fiber preform is placed in a graphite heating furnace, and the optical fiber preform is melted and drawn into a bare optical fiber by means of resistance or induction coil heating, and the bare optical fiber flows out from the lower opening of the furnace.
  • the core rod is drawn to form the core layer, and the cladding rod is drawn to form the cladding.
  • the diameter d1 of the core layer satisfies 5 ⁇ m ⁇ d1 ⁇ 15 ⁇ m, and the median diameter of the cladding d2 satisfies 80 ⁇ m ⁇ d2 ⁇ 125 ⁇ m, the diameters of the core layer and the cladding layer are both small, which is convenient for the subsequent formation of fine-structured optical fibers.
  • the bare optical fiber passes through a coating and curing device. After passing through the device, the bare optical fiber is covered with an inner coating and an outer coating of a special material, which are configured to protect the bare optical fiber.
  • the diameter d3 of the inner coating satisfies 120 ⁇ m ⁇ d3 ⁇ 160 ⁇ m
  • the diameter d4 of the coating satisfies 160 ⁇ m ⁇ d4 ⁇ 185 ⁇ m
  • the diameters of the inner coating and the outer coating are small, which is convenient for subsequent formation of fine-structured optical fibers.
  • the coated optical fiber structure still needs to pass through a measuring device, a pulling device and a wire take-up device, and finally be taken up into an optical fiber reel, which will not be described in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the preparation method of the optical fiber structure is to sequentially prepare the core layer, the cladding layer, the inner coating layer and the outer coating layer of the optical fiber structure, and at the same time set the diameter d1 of the core layer to satisfy 5 ⁇ m ⁇ d1 ⁇ 15 ⁇ m, and the cladding
  • the median diameter d2 of the layer satisfies 80 ⁇ m ⁇ d2 ⁇ 125 ⁇ m
  • the diameter d3 of the inner coating satisfies 120 ⁇ m ⁇ d3 ⁇ 160 ⁇ m
  • the diameter d4 of the outer coating satisfies 160 ⁇ m ⁇ d4 ⁇ 185 ⁇ m.
  • the diameter value of the structure ensures that the fine-structured optical fiber can be realized, reducing the size of the optical cable or increasing the capacity of the optical fiber; at the same time, it can also ensure that the fine-structured optical fiber has good bending performance, mechanical properties and environmental performance, and ensure that the fine-structured optical fiber has good practical application performance.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic flow diagram of another method for preparing an optical fiber structure provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the preparation method provided by the embodiment of the present application includes:
  • the structural performance of the optical fiber is guaranteed to be stable.
  • the temperature T in the heat preservation annealing furnace can be controlled at 900°C to 1200°C, which can not only realize annealing, but also realize heat preservation of the bare optical fiber, so as to ensure the stable performance of the final optical fiber structure.
  • annealing the bare optical fiber in the holding annealing furnace can include: along the extending direction of the bare optical fiber, Gradient-controlled annealing was performed on the bare optical fiber in a holding annealing furnace.
  • the temperature change rate can be understood as the temperature change per unit length, and here the unit length is 1dm as an example for illustration.
  • the gradient controlled annealing can be realized during the heat preservation annealing process of the bare fiber in the heat preservation annealing furnace, so that the aging rate and attenuation rate of the fiber structure can be reduced, and the fiber structure can be improved service life.
  • the temperature change rate By setting the temperature change rate to be less than or equal to 5°C/dm, it can ensure that the annealing effect of the optical fiber structure at different positions is not much different, and ensure that the structural performance of the optical fiber is relatively balanced.
  • optical fiber structure provided in the embodiment of the present application are described below in two feasible implementation manners.
  • the optical fiber structure includes a silica core layer, a silica cladding layer, an inner coating of a special resin material, and an outer coating of a special resin material in sequence from the inside to the outside.
  • the diameter of the core layer is 8.5 ⁇ m, and the relative refractive index difference between the core layer and pure quartz glass is +0.45%; the diameter of the cladding layer is 125 ⁇ m, and the relative refractive index difference between the cladding layer and pure quartz glass is 0%.
  • the inner coating diameter is 155 ⁇ m
  • the outer coating diameter is 180 ⁇ m
  • the ratio of inner coating diameter to outer coating diameter is 1:1.161
  • the ratio of cladding diameter to inner coating diameter is 1:1.241.
  • the temperature of the wire-drawing holding annealing furnace is controlled at around 1050° C., and the temperature control gradient difference is 3° C./dm.
  • the optical fiber screening strength of the above-mentioned optical fiber structure can reach more than 100kpsi, its unaging tensile strength can reach 4900MPa, and the unaging dynamic fatigue parameter Nd can reach more than 23.
  • the attenuation at 1550nm can reach below 0.190dB/km after drawing and annealing, and the macrobending level can meet the International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) G.657.A2 international standard.
  • ITU-T International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector
  • the optical fiber structure from inside to outside is silica core layer, silica inner cladding, silica outer cladding, special coating material inner coating, special coating material outer coating .
  • the diameter of the core layer is 6.5 ⁇ m, and the relative refractive index difference between the core layer and pure silica glass is +0.69%; the relative refractive index difference between the inner cladding layer and pure silica glass is -0.001%, and the relative refractive index difference between the outer cladding layer and pure silica glass It is +0.0005%, and the outer cladding diameter is 80 ⁇ m.
  • the inner coating diameter is 125 ⁇ m
  • the outer coating diameter is 165 ⁇ m
  • the ratio of inner coating diameter to outer coating diameter is 1:1.320
  • the ratio of cladding diameter to inner coating diameter is 1:1.563.
  • the temperature of the wire-drawing holding annealing furnace is controlled at around 1080° C., and the temperature control gradient difference is 3° C./dm.
  • the optical fiber screening strength of the above-mentioned optical fiber structure can reach more than 100kpsi, its unaged tensile strength can reach 4000MPa, and the unaged dynamic fatigue parameter Nd can reach more than 25.
  • the attenuation at 1550nm of the optical fiber that has been drawn and annealed can reach below 0.210dB/km, and the macrobend level is better than the ITU-T G.657.B3 international standard.
  • FIG. 5 is another optical fiber structure provided by the embodiment of the present application
  • the schematic flow chart of the preparation method The difference between the preparation method shown in FIG. 5 and the preparation method provided in the above examples lies in how to prepare the inner cladding layer and the outer cladding layer.
  • the preparation method of the optical fiber structure provided by the embodiment of the present application includes:
  • a layer of silicon dioxide can be deposited on the surface of the core layer by vapor phase deposition to obtain the inner cladding loose body, and then the inner cladding loose body is sintered at high temperature to obtain the inner cladding light rod, which is convenient for protecting the core layer light rod .
  • a layer of silicon dioxide can be deposited on the surface of the inner cladding optical rod by vapor phase deposition to obtain the outer cladding loose body, and then the outer cladding loose body is sintered at a high temperature to obtain the outer cladding optical rod, which is convenient for the inner cladding optical rod And core light rods for protection.
  • the core optical rod, the inner cladding optical rod and the outer cladding optical rod form an optical fiber prefabricated rod.
  • the inner cladding and the outer cladding can use different doped silica to obtain the inner cladding and outer cladding with different refractive indices, and a refractive index gradient is formed between the core layer and the inner cladding and between the inner cladding and the outer cladding.
  • a refractive index gradient is formed between the core layer and the inner cladding and between the inner cladding and the outer cladding.
  • the core, inner cladding and outer cladding form an optical fiber preform.
  • the optical fiber structure including the inner cladding and the outer cladding is obtained, ensuring good light locking performance of the optical fiber structure.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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  • Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
  • Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)

Abstract

A fiber structure (10) and a manufacturing method therefor. The fiber structure (10) comprises: a core layer (11), the diameter d1 of the core layer (11) satisfying 5 μm ≤ d1 ≤ 15 μm; a cladding layer (12) covering the core layer (11), the median value d2 of the diameter of the cladding layer (12) satisfying 80 μm ≤ d2 ≤ 125 μm; an inner coating (13) covering the cladding layer (12), the diameter d3 of the inner coating (13) satisfying 120 μm ≤ d3 ≤ 160 μm; and an outer coating (14) covering the inner coating (13), the diameter d4 of the outer coating (14) satisfying 160 μm ≤ d4 ≤ 185 μm. The numerical value of the diameter of each layer is set, the diameter ratios between different layers are also set, and the refractive indexes of the core layer (11) and the cladding layer (12) are set.

Description

光纤结构及其制备方法Optical fiber structure and its preparation method 技术领域technical field
本申请涉及光纤技术领域，例如涉及一种光纤结构及其制备方法。The present application relates to the field of optical fiber technology, for example, to an optical fiber structure and a preparation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
随着400G大容量通信和第五代(5th Generation，5G)通信技术的发展，光纤网络承载的信息量呈现指数型增长，干线及城域网中的管道资源已经明显不足，而新敷设管道则需要耗费大量的时间和成本。因此，如何更好的利用管道资源实现网络的扩容成为运营商关注的焦点，而使用细结构的光纤就成为解决管道资源紧张最为行之有效的方案。同时，5G光纤入户需求增加，入户场景复杂多变，对于细结构同时性能优异的光纤需求，也大大增加。With the development of 400G high-capacity communication and the fifth generation (5th Generation, 5G) communication technology, the amount of information carried by the optical fiber network has shown an exponential growth. It takes a lot of time and cost. Therefore, how to better utilize pipe resources to realize network expansion has become the focus of attention of operators, and the use of fine-structured optical fibers has become the most effective solution to the shortage of pipe resources. At the same time, the demand for 5G fiber-optic home access has increased, and the home-entry scenarios are complex and changeable. The demand for optical fiber with fine structure and excellent performance has also greatly increased.
细结构的光纤拥有更小的光纤直径，同时保持良好的光纤性能和兼容性，在相同芯数的光缆中，使用细结构光纤可使光缆尺寸降低15％以上；在相同尺寸的光缆中，使用细结构光纤可使光缆中光纤容量提升45％以上。此类光纤可以满足长途干线、光纤到x(Fiber To The x，FTTx)接入网、光纤入户等应用需求，在城域网建设中，可以大幅提高管道资源的利用率，降低运营商的网络扩容投入，在一些特殊场合，可以满足狭小空间和极限弯曲下的入户需求，是未来5G及大容量网络建设的主流光纤。The thin-structured optical fiber has a smaller fiber diameter while maintaining good fiber performance and compatibility. In the same number of optical cables, the use of fine-structured optical fibers can reduce the size of the optical cable by more than 15%; in the same size optical cable, use The thin-structured optical fiber can increase the optical fiber capacity in the optical cable by more than 45%. This type of optical fiber can meet the application requirements of long-distance trunk lines, fiber to the x (Fiber To The x, FTTx) access network, fiber-to-the-home and other applications. Network expansion investment, in some special occasions, can meet the needs of home access under narrow space and extreme bending, and is the mainstream optical fiber for future 5G and large-capacity network construction.
然而，如何设计光纤中多个结构的尺寸在实现细结构光纤的同时保证光纤的弯曲性能以及机械性能成为研究热点。However, how to design the dimensions of multiple structures in the optical fiber to realize the fine-structured optical fiber while ensuring the bending performance and mechanical properties of the optical fiber has become a research hotspot.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本申请提供一种光纤结构及其制备方法，在实现细结构光纤的基础上保证光纤结构的弯曲性能和机械性能，保证光纤性能稳定。The present application provides an optical fiber structure and a preparation method thereof, which ensure the bending performance and mechanical properties of the optical fiber structure and ensure stable performance of the optical fiber on the basis of realizing a fine-structured optical fiber.
本申请提供了一种光纤结构，包括：The application provides an optical fiber structure, including:
芯层，所述芯层的直径d1满足5μm≤d1≤15μm；A core layer, the diameter d1 of the core layer satisfies 5 μm≤d1≤15 μm;
包覆所述芯层的包层，所述包层的直径的中值d2满足80μm≤d2≤125μm；A cladding layer covering the core layer, the median diameter d2 of the cladding layer satisfies 80 μm≤d2≤125 μm;
包覆所述包层的内涂层，所述内涂层的直径d3满足120μm≤d3≤160μm；An inner coating covering the cladding, where the diameter d3 of the inner coating satisfies 120 μm≤d3≤160 μm;
包覆所述内涂层的外涂层，所述外涂层的直径d4满足160μm≤d4≤185μm。For the outer coating covering the inner coating, the diameter d4 of the outer coating satisfies 160 μm≤d4≤185 μm.
本申请还提供了一种光纤结构的制备方法，用于制备上述的光纤结构；The present application also provides a method for preparing an optical fiber structure, which is used to prepare the above optical fiber structure;
所述制备方法包括：Described preparation method comprises:
制备芯层松散体并烧结所述芯层松散体形成芯层光棒；preparing a core layer loose body and sintering the core layer loose body to form a core layer optical rod;
在所述芯层光棒表面制备包层松散体，烧结所述包层松散体形成包层光棒，其中，所述包层光棒包覆所述芯层光棒形成光纤预制棒；Prepare a cladding loose body on the surface of the core optical rod, and sinter the cladding loose body to form a cladding optical rod, wherein the cladding optical rod wraps the core optical rod to form an optical fiber preform;
熔融并拉丝所述光纤预制棒形成裸光纤，其中，所述芯层光棒拉丝形成芯层，包层光棒拉丝形成包层，所述芯层的直径d1满足5μm≤d1≤15μm，所述包层的直径d2的中值满足80μm≤d2≤125μm；Melting and drawing the optical fiber preform to form a bare optical fiber, wherein the core optical rod is drawn to form a core layer, and the cladding optical rod is drawn to form a cladding, and the diameter d1 of the core layer satisfies 5 μm≤d1≤15 μm, the The median value of the cladding diameter d2 satisfies 80μm≤d2≤125μm;
在所述裸光纤表面制备内涂层，其中，所述内涂层包覆所述包层，所述内涂层的直径d3满足120μm≤d3≤160μm；An inner coating is prepared on the surface of the bare optical fiber, wherein the inner coating covers the cladding, and the diameter d3 of the inner coating satisfies 120 μm≤d3≤160 μm;
在所述内涂层表面制备外涂层，其中，所述外涂层包覆所述内涂层，所述外涂层的直径d4满足160μm≤d4≤185μm。An outer coating is prepared on the surface of the inner coating, wherein the outer coating covers the inner coating, and the diameter d4 of the outer coating satisfies 160 μm≤d4≤185 μm.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种光纤结构的结构示意图；FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an optical fiber structure provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图2是本申请实施例提供的另一种光纤结构的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another optical fiber structure provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种光纤结构的制备方法的流程示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing an optical fiber structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图4是本申请实施例提供的另一种光纤结构的制备方法的流程示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of another method for preparing an optical fiber structure provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图5是本申请实施例提供的另一种光纤结构的制备方法的流程示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic flowchart of another method for preparing an optical fiber structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下将结合本申请实施例中的附图，通过具体实施方式，描述本申请的技术方案。The technical solutions of the present application will be described below through specific implementation manners with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种光纤结构的结构示意图，如图1所示，本申请实施例提供的光纤结构10包括芯层11，芯层11的直径d1满足5μm≤d1≤15μm；包覆芯层11的包层12，包层12的直径的中值d2满足80μm≤d2≤125μm；包覆包层12的内涂层13，内涂层13的直径d3满足120μm≤d3≤160μm；包覆内涂层13的外涂层14，外涂层14的直径d4满足160μm≤d4≤185μm。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber structure provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Fig. 1 , the optical fiber structure 10 provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a core layer 11, and the diameter d1 of the core layer 11 satisfies 5 μm≤d1≤15 μm; The cladding layer 12 covering the core layer 11, the median diameter d2 of the cladding layer 12 satisfies 80 μm ≤ d2 ≤ 125 μm; the inner coating 13 covering the cladding layer 12, the diameter d3 of the inner coating 13 satisfies 120 μm ≤ d3 ≤ 160 μm ; The outer coating 14 covering the inner coating 13, the diameter d4 of the outer coating 14 satisfies 160 μm≤d4≤185 μm.
如图1所示，光纤结构10从里到外依次包括芯层11、包层12、内涂层13和外涂层14，其中，包层12设置为保护芯层11，内涂层13设置为保护包层12，外涂层14设置为保护内涂层13，保证光纤结构10中的芯层11、包层12和内 涂层13结构完整稳定，保证光纤结构10可以正常传输信号。As shown in Figure 1, the optical fiber structure 10 includes a core layer 11, a cladding layer 12, an inner coating layer 13 and an outer coating layer 14 from the inside to the outside, wherein the cladding layer 12 is set to protect the core layer 11, and the inner coating layer 13 is set To protect the cladding 12, the outer coating 14 is set to protect the inner coating 13, to ensure the integrity and stability of the core layer 11, cladding 12 and inner coating 13 in the optical fiber structure 10, and to ensure that the optical fiber structure 10 can transmit signals normally.
芯层11的直径d1满足5μm≤d1≤15μm，包层12的直径的中值d2满足80μm≤d2≤125μm，内涂层13的直径d3满足120μm≤d3≤160μm，外涂层14的直径d4满足160μm≤d4≤185μm，通过设置芯层11、包层12、内涂层13和外涂层14的尺寸较小，保证可以实现细结构光纤。如此在相同芯数的光缆中，使用细结构光纤可使光缆尺寸降低15％以上；在相同尺寸的光缆中，使用细结构光纤可使光缆中光纤容量提升45％以上；细结构光纤还可以满足长途干线、FTTx接入网、光纤入户等应用需求；在城域网建设中，可以大幅提高管道资源的利用率，降低运营商的网络扩容投入，在一些特殊场合，可以满足狭小空间和极限弯曲下的入户需求。通过合理设置芯层11的直径、包层12的直径、内涂层13的直径以及外涂层14的直径，还可以保证细结构光纤具备良好的弯曲性能以及机械性能，保证细结构光纤具备良好的实际应用性能。The diameter d1 of the core layer 11 satisfies 5 μm ≤ d1 ≤ 15 μm, the median value d2 of the diameter of the cladding 12 satisfies 80 μm ≤ d2 ≤ 125 μm, the diameter d3 of the inner coating 13 satisfies 120 μm ≤ d3 ≤ 160 μm, and the diameter d4 of the outer coating 14 Satisfying 160 μm≤d4≤185 μm, by setting the sizes of the core layer 11 , the cladding layer 12 , the inner coating layer 13 and the outer coating layer 14 to be small, it is ensured that a fine-structure optical fiber can be realized. In this way, in an optical cable with the same number of cores, the use of fine-structured optical fibers can reduce the size of the optical cable by more than 15%; Long-distance trunk line, FTTx access network, fiber-to-the-home and other application requirements; in the construction of metropolitan area network, the utilization rate of pipeline resources can be greatly improved, and the network expansion investment of operators can be reduced. In some special occasions, it can meet the narrow space and limit Under-bending household entry requirements. By reasonably setting the diameter of the core layer 11, the diameter of the cladding 12, the diameter of the inner coating 13 and the diameter of the outer coating 14, it can also ensure that the fine-structured optical fiber has good bending performance and mechanical properties, and ensure that the fine-structured optical fiber has good practical application performance.
芯层11的直径d1满足5μm≤d1≤15μm，其中，d1可以为5μm～15μm之间的任意数值，例如5μm、6μm、7.5μm、9μm、10.2μm、11.8μm、13μm或者15μm，本申请实施例对芯层11的直径数据不进行限定，在不同的使用场景下可以设置芯层11具备不同的直径，以满足实际需求。包层12的直径的中值d2满足80μm≤d2≤125μm，其中，d2可以为80μm～125μm之间的任意数值，例如80μm、87μm、90.4μm、100μm、106μm、110.25μm、120.8μm或者125μm，本申请实施例对包层12的直径数据不进行限定，在不同的使用场景下可以设置包层12具备不同的直径，以满足实际需求。内涂层13的直径d3满足120μm≤d3≤160μm，其中，d3可以为120μm～160μm之间的任意数值，例如120μm、127μm、130.8μm、135μm、147.5μm、150.33μm、152μm或者160μm，本申请实施例对内涂层13的直径数据不进行限定，在不同的使用场景下可以设置内涂层13具备不同的直径，以满足实际需求。外涂层14的直径d4满足160μm≤d4≤185μm，其中，d4可以为160μm～185μm之间的任意数值，例如160μm、163.5μm、168μm、170.55μm、174μm、178.8μm、180.6μm或者185μm，本申请实施例对外涂层14的直径数据不进行限定，在不同的使用场景下可以设置外涂层14具备不同的直径，以满足实际需求。The diameter d1 of the core layer 11 satisfies 5 μm≤d1≤15 μm, wherein, d1 can be any value between 5 μm and 15 μm, such as 5 μm, 6 μm, 7.5 μm, 9 μm, 10.2 μm, 11.8 μm, 13 μm or 15 μm. For example, the diameter data of the core layer 11 is not limited, and the core layer 11 can be set to have different diameters in different usage scenarios to meet actual needs. The median value d2 of the diameter of the cladding 12 satisfies 80 μm≤d2≤125 μm, where d2 can be any value between 80 μm and 125 μm, such as 80 μm, 87 μm, 90.4 μm, 100 μm, 106 μm, 110.25 μm, 120.8 μm or 125 μm, The embodiment of the present application does not limit the diameter data of the cladding 12 , and the cladding 12 can be set to have different diameters in different usage scenarios to meet actual needs. The diameter d3 of the inner coating 13 satisfies 120 μm≤d3≤160 μm, where d3 can be any value between 120 μm and 160 μm, such as 120 μm, 127 μm, 130.8 μm, 135 μm, 147.5 μm, 150.33 μm, 152 μm or 160 μm. The embodiment does not limit the diameter data of the inner coating 13, and the inner coating 13 can be set to have different diameters in different usage scenarios to meet actual needs. The diameter d4 of the outer coating 14 satisfies 160 μm≤d4≤185 μm, wherein, d4 can be any value between 160 μm and 185 μm, such as 160 μm, 163.5 μm, 168 μm, 170.55 μm, 174 μm, 178.8 μm, 180.6 μm or 185 μm. The embodiment of the application does not limit the diameter data of the outer coating 14 , and the outer coating 14 can be set to have different diameters in different usage scenarios to meet actual needs.
芯层11可以为二氧化硅芯层，芯层11与已有光纤结构中的芯层可以采用相同的材料制备得到，保证芯层11的制备工艺简单。包层12可以为二氧化硅包层，包层12与已有光纤结构中的包层可以采用相同的材料制备得到，保证包层12的制备工艺简单。内涂层13可以包括高缓冲内涂层，例如通过在树脂材料中进行掺杂得到，便于对包层12和芯层11进行良好缓冲保护，本申请实施例对内涂层13的材料不进行限定。外涂层14可以包括高强度外涂层，例如通过在树脂材料中进行掺杂得到，便于对内涂层13、包层12和芯层11进行良好 强度保护，避免光纤结构10受到外界损伤，本申请实施例对外涂层14的材料不进行限定。The core layer 11 can be a silicon dioxide core layer, and the core layer 11 can be prepared from the same material as the core layer in the existing optical fiber structure, so that the preparation process of the core layer 11 is simple. The cladding 12 can be a silica cladding, and the cladding 12 can be prepared from the same material as the cladding in the existing optical fiber structure, so that the preparation process of the cladding 12 is simple. The inner coating 13 may include a high-buffer inner coating, such as obtained by doping resin materials, so as to provide good buffer protection for the cladding layer 12 and the core layer 11. In the embodiment of the present application, the material of the inner coating 13 is not limited. The outer coating 14 may include a high-strength outer coating, such as obtained by doping a resin material, so as to protect the inner coating 13, the cladding 12 and the core 11 with good strength, and prevent the optical fiber structure 10 from being damaged by the outside world. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the material of the outer coating 14 .
综上，本申请实施例提供的光纤结构，通过设置光纤结构包括芯层、包层、内涂层和外涂层，同时设置芯层的直径d1满足5μm≤d1≤15μm，包层的直径的中值d2满足80μm≤d2≤125μm，内涂层的直径d3满足120μm≤d3≤160μm，外涂层的直径d4满足160μm≤d4≤185μm，通过合理设置光纤结构的结构以及多个结构的直径数值，保证可以实现细结构光纤，降低光缆尺寸或者提升光纤容量；同时还可以保证细结构光纤具备良好的弯曲性能、机械性能以及环境性能，保证细结构光纤具备良好的实际应用性能。To sum up, the optical fiber structure provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a core layer, a cladding layer, an inner coating layer and an outer coating layer by setting the optical fiber structure, and setting the diameter d1 of the core layer to satisfy 5 μm≤d1≤15 μm, and the diameter of the cladding layer The median d2 satisfies 80μm≤d2≤125μm, the diameter d3 of the inner coating satisfies 120μm≤d3≤160μm, and the diameter d4 of the outer coating satisfies 160μm≤d4≤185μm. By reasonably setting the structure of the optical fiber structure and the diameter values of multiple structures , to ensure that the fine-structured optical fiber can be realized, reduce the size of the optical cable or increase the capacity of the optical fiber; at the same time, it can also ensure that the fine-structured optical fiber has good bending performance, mechanical properties and environmental performance, and ensure that the fine-structured optical fiber has good practical application performance.
在上述实施例的基础上，内涂层13的直径d3与包层12的直径的中值d2满足1.2≤d3/d2≤1.626；外涂层14的直径d4与内涂层13的直径d3满足1.125≤d4/d3≤1.376。On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments, the median value d2 of the diameter d3 of the inner coating 13 and the diameter of the cladding 12 satisfies 1.2≤d3/d2≤1.626; the diameter d4 of the outer coating 14 and the diameter d3 of the inner coating 13 satisfy 1.125≤d4/d3≤1.376.
示例性的，通过合理设置内涂层13的直径d3与包层12的直径的中值d2直接的关系以及外涂层14的直径d4与内涂层13的直径d3之间的关系，可以保证光纤结构10具备良好的机械性能和物理性能，例如强度、硬度或者弯折性能，在保证实现细结构光纤的同时提升光纤结构的可应用性能，提升光纤结构的产品竞争力。Exemplarily, by reasonably setting the relationship between the diameter d3 of the inner coating 13 and the median d2 of the diameter of the cladding 12 and the relationship between the diameter d4 of the outer coating 14 and the diameter d3 of the inner coating 13, it can be guaranteed The optical fiber structure 10 has good mechanical and physical properties, such as strength, hardness or bending performance, which can improve the applicability of the optical fiber structure and enhance the product competitiveness of the optical fiber structure while ensuring the realization of a fine-structured optical fiber.
内涂层13的直径d3与包层12的直径的中值d2满足1.2≤d3/d2≤1.626，其中，d3与d2之间的比值可以为1.2～1.626之间的任意数值，例如1.2、1.241、1.325、1.44、1.5或者1.626，本申请实施例对内涂层13的直径与包层12的直径的中值之间的比例关系不进行限定，在不同的使用场景下可以设置不同的比例关系，以满足实际需求。The median value d2 of the diameter d3 of the inner coating 13 and the diameter of the cladding 12 satisfies 1.2≤d3/d2≤1.626, wherein the ratio between d3 and d2 can be any value between 1.2 and 1.626, such as 1.2, 1.241 . , to meet actual needs.
外涂层14的直径d4与内涂层13的直径d3满足1.125≤d4/d3≤1.376，其中，d4与d3之间的比值可以为1.125～1.376之间的任意数值，例如1.125、1.167、1.2、1.28、1.305或者1.376，本申请实施例对外涂层14的直径与内涂层13的直径之间的比例关系不进行限定，在不同的使用场景下可以设置不同的比例关系，以满足实际需求。The diameter d4 of the outer coating 14 and the diameter d3 of the inner coating 13 satisfy 1.125≤d4/d3≤1.376, wherein the ratio between d4 and d3 can be any value between 1.125 and 1.376, such as 1.125, 1.167, 1.2 , 1.28, 1.305 or 1.376, the proportion relationship between the diameter of the outer coating 14 and the diameter of the inner coating 13 in the embodiment of the present application is not limited, and different proportion relationships can be set in different usage scenarios to meet actual needs .
在上述实施例的基础上，芯层11的折射率为n1，包层12的折射率为n2，其中，n1＞n2。Based on the above embodiments, the refractive index of the core layer 11 is n1, and the refractive index of the cladding layer 12 is n2, wherein n1>n2.
示例性的，设置芯层11的折射率为n1，包层12的折射率为n2，其中，n1＞n2，如此在芯层11与包层12之间形成折射率梯度，保证芯层11与包层12之间具备良好的锁光能力，在光纤结构10弯曲时芯层11与包层12之间不会漏光，保证光纤结构在变细的情况下依然可以保持良好的弯曲性能。Exemplarily, the refractive index of the core layer 11 is set to n1, and the refractive index of the cladding layer 12 is set to n2, wherein, n1>n2, so that a refractive index gradient is formed between the core layer 11 and the cladding layer 12, ensuring that the core layer 11 and the cladding layer 12 are The cladding layers 12 have a good light-locking ability, and there is no light leakage between the core layer 11 and the cladding layer 12 when the fiber structure 10 is bent, ensuring that the fiber structure can still maintain good bending performance when it becomes thinner.
芯层11与纯石英玻璃的相对折射率差△n1满足+0.30％≤△n1≤+0.75％；包层12与纯石英玻璃的相对折射率差△n2满足0％≤△n2≤+0.001％。The relative refractive index difference Δn1 between the core layer 11 and pure quartz glass satisfies +0.30%≤Δn1≤+0.75%; the relative refractive index difference Δn2 between the cladding layer 12 and pure quartz glass satisfies 0%≤Δn2≤+0.001% .
示例性的，以纯石英玻璃的折射率作为参照，芯层11的折射率大于纯石英玻璃的折射率，例如芯层11与纯石英玻璃的相对折射率差△n1可以满足+0.30％≤△n1≤+0.75％；包层12的折射率大于或者等于纯石英玻璃的折射率，且小于芯层11的折射率，例如包层12与纯石英玻璃的相对折射率差△n2可以满足0％≤△n2≤+0.001％。通过芯层11以及包层12与纯石英玻璃之间的相对折射率说明芯层11的折射率大于包层12的折射率，如此保证芯层11与包层12之间具备良好的锁光能力，在光纤结构10弯曲时芯层11与包层12之间不会漏光，保证光纤结构在变细的情况下依然可以保持良好的弯曲性能。Exemplarily, taking the refractive index of pure silica glass as a reference, the refractive index of the core layer 11 is greater than that of pure silica glass, for example, the relative refractive index difference Δn1 between the core layer 11 and pure silica glass can satisfy +0.30%≤Δn1 ≤+0.75%; the refractive index of the cladding layer 12 is greater than or equal to that of pure silica glass, and less than that of the core layer 11, for example, the relative refractive index difference Δn2 between the cladding layer 12 and pure silica glass can satisfy 0%≤ Δn2≤+0.001%. The relative refractive index between the core layer 11 and the cladding layer 12 and the pure silica glass shows that the refractive index of the core layer 11 is greater than that of the cladding layer 12, so as to ensure a good light locking ability between the core layer 11 and the cladding layer 12 , when the optical fiber structure 10 is bent, there will be no light leakage between the core layer 11 and the cladding layer 12, so as to ensure that the optical fiber structure can still maintain good bending performance when it becomes thinner.
芯层11与纯石英玻璃的相对折射率差△n1满足+0.30％≤△n1≤+0.75％，其中，△n1可以为+0.30％～+0.75％之间的任意数值，例如+0.30％、+0.42％、+0.50％、+0.58％、+0.69％或者+0.75％，本申请实施例对芯层11与纯石英玻璃的相对折射率差值不进行限定，在不同的使用场景下可以设置不同的折射率差值，以满足实际需求。The relative refractive index difference Δn1 between the core layer 11 and the pure silica glass satisfies +0.30%≤Δn1≤+0.75%, where Δn1 can be any value between +0.30%～+0.75%, such as +0.30%, +0.42%, +0.50%, +0.58%, +0.69% or +0.75%, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the relative refractive index difference between the core layer 11 and pure quartz glass, which can be set in different usage scenarios Different refractive index difference to meet actual needs.
包层12与纯石英玻璃的相对折射率差△n2满足0％≤△n2≤+0.001％，其中，△n2可以为0.0％～+0.001％之间的任意数值，例如0％、+0.0002％、+0.0005％、+0.0008％或者+0.001％，本申请实施例对包层12与纯石英玻璃的相对折射率差值不进行限定，在不同的使用场景下可以设置不同的折射率差值，以满足实际需求。The relative refractive index difference Δn2 between cladding layer 12 and pure quartz glass satisfies 0%≤Δn2≤+0.001%, where Δn2 can be any value between 0.0%～+0.001%, such as 0%, +0.0002% , +0.0005%, +0.0008% or +0.001%, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the relative refractive index difference between the cladding 12 and pure quartz glass, different refractive index differences can be set in different usage scenarios, to meet actual needs.
在上述实施例的基础上，图2是本申请实施例提供的另一种光纤结构的结构示意图，如图2所示，包层12可以包括内包层121和外包层122，内包层121包覆芯层11，外包层122包覆内包层121；芯层11的折射率为n1，内包层121的折射率为n21，外包层122的折射率为n22，其中，n21＜n22＜n1。On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments, FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of another optical fiber structure provided by the embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 2, the cladding 12 may include an inner cladding 121 and an outer cladding 122, and the inner cladding 121 covers The core layer 11 and the outer cladding layer 122 cover the inner cladding layer 121; the refractive index of the core layer 11 is n1, the refractive index of the inner cladding layer 121 is n21, and the refractive index of the outer cladding layer 122 is n22, wherein n21<n22<n1.
示例性的，如图2所示，包层12可以包括内包层121和外包层122，内包层121设置为包覆保护芯层11，外包层122设置为包覆保护内包层121。内包层121的折射率n21、外包层122的折射率n22以及芯层11的折射率n1满足n21＜n22＜n1，如此在芯层11与内包层121之间以及内包层121与外包层122之间均形成折射率梯度，保证芯层11与内包层121之间以及内包层121与外包层122之间均具备良好的锁光能力，在光纤结构10弯曲时芯层11与内包层121之间以及内包层121与外包层122之间均不会漏光，保证光纤结构在变细的情况下依然可以保持良好的弯曲性能。Exemplarily, as shown in FIG. 2 , the cladding layer 12 may include an inner cladding layer 121 and an outer cladding layer 122 , the inner cladding layer 121 is set to cover and protect the core layer 11 , and the outer cladding layer 122 is set to cover and protect the inner cladding layer 121 . The refractive index n21 of the inner cladding layer 121, the refractive index n22 of the outer cladding layer 122 and the refractive index n1 of the core layer 11 satisfy n21<n22<n1, so between the core layer 11 and the inner cladding layer 121 and between the inner cladding layer 121 and the outer cladding layer 122 Refractive index gradients are formed between the core layer 11 and the inner cladding layer 121, as well as between the inner cladding layer 121 and the outer cladding layer 122, to ensure good light locking ability. And there is no light leakage between the inner cladding layer 121 and the outer cladding layer 122, which ensures that the optical fiber structure can still maintain good bending performance when it becomes thinner.
内包层121与纯石英玻璃的相对折射率差△n21满足-0.005％≤△n21≤0％；外包层122与纯石英玻璃的相对折射率差△n22满足0％≤△n22≤+0.001％。The relative refractive index difference Δn21 between the inner cladding 121 and pure quartz glass satisfies -0.005%≤Δn21≤0%; the relative refractive index difference Δn22 between the outer cladding 122 and pure quartz glass satisfies 0%≤Δn22≤+0.001%.
示例性的，以纯石英玻璃的折射率作为参照，内包层121的折射率小于或者等于纯石英玻璃的折射率，例如内包层121与纯石英玻璃的相对折射率差△n21可以满足-0.005％≤△n21≤0％；外包层122的折射率大于或者等于纯石英玻璃的折射率，且小于芯层11的折射率，例如外包层122与纯石英玻璃的相对折射率差△n22可以满足0％≤△n22≤+0.001％。通过内包层121以及外包层122与纯石英玻璃之间的相对折射率差说明内包层121的折射率小于外包层122的折射率，且均小于芯层11的折射率，如此保证在芯层11与内包层121之间以及内包层121与外包层122之间均形成折射率梯度，保证芯层11与内包层121之间以及内包层121与外包层122之间均具备良好的锁光能力，在光纤结构10弯曲时芯层11与内包层121之间以及内包层121与外包层122之间均不会漏光，保证光纤结构在变细的情况下依然可以保持良好的弯曲性能。Exemplarily, taking the refractive index of pure silica glass as a reference, the refractive index of the inner cladding 121 is less than or equal to the refractive index of pure silica glass, for example, the relative refractive index difference Δn21 between the inner cladding 121 and pure silica glass can satisfy -0.005%≤ Δn21≤0%; the refractive index of the outer cladding 122 is greater than or equal to that of pure quartz glass, and smaller than that of the core layer 11, for example, the relative refractive index difference between the outer cladding 122 and pure quartz glass Δn22 can satisfy 0% ≤Δn22≤+0.001%. The relative refractive index difference between the inner cladding layer 121 and the outer cladding layer 122 and pure silica glass shows that the refractive index of the inner cladding layer 121 is smaller than the refractive index of the outer cladding layer 122, and both are smaller than the refractive index of the core layer 11, so that the core layer 11 A refractive index gradient is formed between the inner cladding layer 121 and between the inner cladding layer 121 and the outer cladding layer 122, so as to ensure good light locking ability between the core layer 11 and the inner cladding layer 121 and between the inner cladding layer 121 and the outer cladding layer 122, When the fiber structure 10 is bent, no light leaks between the core layer 11 and the inner cladding layer 121 and between the inner cladding layer 121 and the outer cladding layer 122, ensuring that the fiber structure can still maintain good bending performance when it becomes thinner.
内包层121与纯石英玻璃的相对折射率差△n21满足-0.005％≤△n21≤0％，其中，△n21可以为-0.005％～0％之间的任意数值，例如-0.005％、-0.004％、-0.0032％、-0.002％、-0.001％或者0.0％，本申请实施例对内包层121与纯石英玻璃的相对折射率差值不进行限定，在不同的使用场景下可以设置不同的折射率差值，以满足实际需求。The relative refractive index difference Δn21 between the inner cladding 121 and pure quartz glass satisfies -0.005%≤Δn21≤0%, where Δn21 can be any value between -0.005% and 0%, such as -0.005%, -0.004 %, -0.0032%, -0.002%, -0.001% or 0.0%, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the relative refractive index difference between the inner cladding 121 and pure quartz glass, and different refractive index values can be set in different usage scenarios Rate difference to meet actual needs.
外包层122与纯石英玻璃的相对折射率差△n22满足0％≤△n22≤+0.001％，其中，△n22可以为0.0％～+0.001％之间的任意数值，例如0％、+0.0002％、+0.0005％、+0.0008％或者+0.001％，本申请实施例对外包层122与纯石英玻璃的相对折射率差值不进行限定，在不同的使用场景下可以设置不同的折射率差值，以满足实际需求。The relative refractive index difference Δn22 between the outer cladding 122 and pure quartz glass satisfies 0%≤Δn22≤+0.001%, where Δn22 can be any value between 0.0% and +0.001%, such as 0%, +0.0002% , +0.0005%, +0.0008% or +0.001%, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the relative refractive index difference between the outer cladding layer 122 and pure quartz glass, different refractive index differences can be set in different usage scenarios, to meet actual needs.
本申请实施例还提供了一种光纤结构的制备方法，用于制备上述实施例所述的光纤结构。图3是本申请实施例提供的一种光纤结构的制备方法的流程示意图，如图3所示，本申请实施例提供的光纤结构的制备方法包括：The embodiment of the present application also provides a method for preparing an optical fiber structure, which is used to prepare the optical fiber structure described in the above embodiments. Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing an optical fiber structure provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Fig. 3 , the method for preparing an optical fiber structure provided in an embodiment of the present application includes:
S110、制备芯层松散体并烧结芯层松散体形成芯层光棒。S110, preparing a core layer loose body and sintering the core layer loose body to form a core layer optical rod.
示例性的，芯层制备可以采用二氧化硅材料，通过气相沉积的方法制备芯层松散体，芯层松散体经高温烧结后形成透明的玻璃体芯层光棒。Exemplarily, the core layer can be prepared by using silicon dioxide material, and the core layer loose body is prepared by vapor phase deposition, and the core layer loose body is sintered at high temperature to form a transparent glass core layer optical rod.
S120、在芯层光棒表面制备包层松散体，烧结包层松散体形成包层光棒，包层光棒包覆芯层光棒形成光纤预制棒。S120. Prepare a cladding loose body on the surface of the core optical rod, sinter the cladding loose body to form a cladding optical rod, and wrap the cladding optical rod on the core optical rod to form an optical fiber preform.
示例性的，包层制备可以采用二氧化硅材料，在玻璃体芯层光棒表面继续采用气相沉积法沉积上一层包层松散体，沉积完成后进行高温烧结，将包层松散体烧结成透明的玻璃体包层光棒，制备成光纤预制棒。Exemplarily, silicon dioxide material can be used for the preparation of the cladding layer, and a layer of cladding loose body is deposited on the surface of the optical rod of the glass body core layer by vapor phase deposition. After the deposition is completed, high-temperature sintering is carried out to sinter the cladding loose body into a transparent The glass-clad optical rod is prepared into an optical fiber prefabricated rod.
S130、熔融并拉丝光纤预制棒形成裸光纤，其中，芯层光棒拉丝形成芯层， 包层光棒拉丝形成包层，芯层的直径d1满足5μm≤d1≤15μm，包层的直径d2的中值满足80μm≤d2≤125μm。S130. Melting and drawing the optical fiber preform to form a bare optical fiber, wherein the core layer is drawn by optical rods to form a core layer, and the cladding optical rods are drawn by wire to form a cladding, the diameter d1 of the core layer satisfies 5 μm≤d1≤15 μm, and the diameter of the cladding d2 The median satisfies 80μm≤d2≤125μm.
示例性的，将光纤预制棒置于石墨加热炉当中，采用电阻或感应线圈的加热方式将光纤预制棒熔融并拉丝变成裸光纤，裸光纤从下炉口中流出。Exemplarily, the optical fiber preform is placed in a graphite heating furnace, and the optical fiber preform is melted and drawn into a bare optical fiber by means of resistance or induction coil heating, and the bare optical fiber flows out from the lower opening of the furnace.
在对光纤预制棒拉丝的过程中，芯层光棒拉丝形成芯层，包层光棒拉丝形成包层，芯层的直径d1满足5μm≤d1≤15μm，包层的直径d2的中值满足80μm≤d2≤125μm，芯层和包层的直径均较小，便于后续形成细结构光纤。In the process of drawing the optical fiber preform, the core rod is drawn to form the core layer, and the cladding rod is drawn to form the cladding. The diameter d1 of the core layer satisfies 5μm≤d1≤15μm, and the median diameter of the cladding d2 satisfies 80μm ≤d2≤125μm, the diameters of the core layer and the cladding layer are both small, which is convenient for the subsequent formation of fine-structured optical fibers.
S140、在裸光纤表面制备内涂层，内涂层包覆包层，内涂层的直径d3满足120μm≤d3≤160μm。S140. Prepare an inner coating on the surface of the bare optical fiber, the inner coating covers the cladding, and the diameter d3 of the inner coating satisfies 120 μm≤d3≤160 μm.
S150、在内涂层表面制备外涂层，外涂层包覆内涂层，外涂层的直径d4满足160μm≤d4≤185μm。S150. Prepare an outer coating on the surface of the inner coating, the outer coating covers the inner coating, and the diameter d4 of the outer coating satisfies 160 μm≤d4≤185 μm.
示例性的，裸光纤经过涂覆和固化装置，经过此装置后裸光纤外面包覆上特殊材料的内涂层和外涂层，设置为对裸光纤进行保护。Exemplarily, the bare optical fiber passes through a coating and curing device. After passing through the device, the bare optical fiber is covered with an inner coating and an outer coating of a special material, which are configured to protect the bare optical fiber.
内涂层的直径d3满足120μm≤d3≤160μm，涂层的直径d4满足160μm≤d4≤185μm，内涂层和外涂层的直径较小，便于后续形成细结构光纤。The diameter d3 of the inner coating satisfies 120 μm ≤ d3 ≤ 160 μm, the diameter d4 of the coating satisfies 160 μm ≤ d4 ≤ 185 μm, and the diameters of the inner coating and the outer coating are small, which is convenient for subsequent formation of fine-structured optical fibers.
在光纤结构的实际制备工艺中，在涂覆后的光纤结构还需要经过测量装置、牵引装置和收线装置，最终收线到光纤盘中，本申请实施例对此不再进行说明。In the actual preparation process of the optical fiber structure, the coated optical fiber structure still needs to pass through a measuring device, a pulling device and a wire take-up device, and finally be taken up into an optical fiber reel, which will not be described in this embodiment of the present application.
综上，本申请实施例提供的光纤结构的制备方法，通过依次制备光纤结构的芯层、包层、内涂层和外涂层，同时设置芯层的直径d1满足5μm≤d1≤15μm，包层的直径的中值d2满足80μm≤d2≤125μm，内涂层的直径d3满足120μm≤d3≤160μm，外涂层的直径d4满足160μm≤d4≤185μm，通过合理设置光纤结构的结构以及多个结构的直径数值，保证可以实现细结构光纤，降低光缆尺寸或者提升光纤容量；同时还可以保证细结构光纤具备良好的弯曲性能、机械性能以及环境性能，保证细结构光纤具备良好的实际应用性能。To sum up, the preparation method of the optical fiber structure provided by the embodiment of the present application is to sequentially prepare the core layer, the cladding layer, the inner coating layer and the outer coating layer of the optical fiber structure, and at the same time set the diameter d1 of the core layer to satisfy 5 μm≤d1≤15 μm, and the cladding The median diameter d2 of the layer satisfies 80μm≤d2≤125μm, the diameter d3 of the inner coating satisfies 120μm≤d3≤160μm, and the diameter d4 of the outer coating satisfies 160μm≤d4≤185μm. By reasonably setting the structure of the optical fiber structure and multiple The diameter value of the structure ensures that the fine-structured optical fiber can be realized, reducing the size of the optical cable or increasing the capacity of the optical fiber; at the same time, it can also ensure that the fine-structured optical fiber has good bending performance, mechanical properties and environmental performance, and ensure that the fine-structured optical fiber has good practical application performance.
在上述实施的基础上，图4是本申请实施例提供的另一种光纤结构的制备方法的流程示意图，如图4所示，本申请实施例提供的制备方法包括：On the basis of the above implementation, Fig. 4 is a schematic flow diagram of another method for preparing an optical fiber structure provided by the embodiment of the present application. As shown in Fig. 4, the preparation method provided by the embodiment of the present application includes:
S210、制备芯层松散体并烧结芯层松散体形成芯层光棒。S210, preparing a core layer loose body and sintering the core layer loose body to form a core layer optical rod.
S220、在芯层光棒表面制备包层松散体，烧结包层松散体形成包层光棒，包层光棒包覆芯层光棒形成光纤预制棒。S220. Prepare a cladding loose body on the surface of the core optical rod, sinter the cladding loose body to form a cladding optical rod, and wrap the cladding optical rod on the core optical rod to form an optical fiber preform.
S230、熔融并拉丝光纤预制棒形成裸光纤，其中芯层光棒拉丝形成芯层，包层光棒拉丝形成包层，芯层的直径d1满足5μm≤d1≤15μm，包层的直径d2的中值满足80μm≤d2≤125μm。S230, melting and drawing the optical fiber preform to form a bare optical fiber, wherein the core rod is drawn to form a core layer, and the cladding rod is drawn to form a cladding, the diameter d1 of the core layer satisfies 5 μm≤d1≤15 μm, and the diameter d2 of the cladding is in the middle The value satisfies 80μm≤d2≤125μm.
S240、在保温退火炉中对裸光纤进行退火。S240, annealing the bare optical fiber in a holding annealing furnace.
示例性的，通过在保温退火炉中对裸光纤进行退火后，保证光纤结构性能稳定。Exemplarily, after the bare optical fiber is annealed in a holding annealing furnace, the structural performance of the optical fiber is guaranteed to be stable.
保温退火炉内温度T可以控制在900℃～1200℃，既可以实现退火，又可以实现对裸光纤保温，保证最终得到的光纤结构性能稳定。The temperature T in the heat preservation annealing furnace can be controlled at 900°C to 1200°C, which can not only realize annealing, but also realize heat preservation of the bare optical fiber, so as to ensure the stable performance of the final optical fiber structure.
沿裸光纤延伸方向，保温退火炉的温度可以逐渐变化，且温度变化率小于或者等于5℃/dm；对应的，在保温退火炉中对裸光纤进行退火，可以包括：沿裸光纤延伸方向，在保温退火炉中对裸光纤进行梯度控制退火。Along the extending direction of the bare optical fiber, the temperature of the holding annealing furnace can be gradually changed, and the temperature change rate is less than or equal to 5°C/dm; correspondingly, annealing the bare optical fiber in the holding annealing furnace can include: along the extending direction of the bare optical fiber, Gradient-controlled annealing was performed on the bare optical fiber in a holding annealing furnace.
温度变化率可以理解为单位长度上的温度变化，这里单位长度以1dm为例进行说明。通过设置沿裸光纤延伸方向保温退火炉的温度逐渐变化，如此裸光纤在保温退火炉中进行保温退火的过程中可以实现梯度控制退火，如此可以降低光纤结构的老化速率以及衰减速率，提升光纤结构的使用寿命。通过设置温度变化率小于或者等于5℃/dm，可以保证不同位置处的光纤结构退火效果相差不大，保证光纤结构性能比较均衡。The temperature change rate can be understood as the temperature change per unit length, and here the unit length is 1dm as an example for illustration. By setting the temperature of the heat preservation annealing furnace along the extending direction of the bare fiber to gradually change, the gradient controlled annealing can be realized during the heat preservation annealing process of the bare fiber in the heat preservation annealing furnace, so that the aging rate and attenuation rate of the fiber structure can be reduced, and the fiber structure can be improved service life. By setting the temperature change rate to be less than or equal to 5°C/dm, it can ensure that the annealing effect of the optical fiber structure at different positions is not much different, and ensure that the structural performance of the optical fiber is relatively balanced.
S250、在裸光纤表面制备内涂层，内涂层包覆包层，内涂层的直径d3满足120μm≤d3≤160μm。S250. Prepare an inner coating on the surface of the bare optical fiber, the inner coating covers the cladding, and the diameter d3 of the inner coating satisfies 120 μm≤d3≤160 μm.
S260、在内涂层表面制备外涂层，外涂层包覆内涂层，外涂层的直径d4满足160μm≤d4≤185μm。S260. Prepare an outer coating on the surface of the inner coating, the outer coating covers the inner coating, and the diameter d4 of the outer coating satisfies 160 μm≤d4≤185 μm.
如此，制备得到弯曲性能、机械性能以及环境性能均良好的细结构光纤。In this way, a fine-structured optical fiber with good bending performance, mechanical performance and environmental performance can be prepared.
下面以两种可行的实施方式，说明本申请实施例提供的光纤结构的结构以及工艺参数。The structure and process parameters of the optical fiber structure provided in the embodiment of the present application are described below in two feasible implementation manners.
作为一种可行的实施方式，光纤结构由里到外依次为二氧化硅芯层、二氧化硅包层、特殊树脂材料内涂层和特殊树脂材料外涂层。As a feasible implementation mode, the optical fiber structure includes a silica core layer, a silica cladding layer, an inner coating of a special resin material, and an outer coating of a special resin material in sequence from the inside to the outside.
芯层直径为8.5μm，芯层与纯石英玻璃的相对折射率差为+0.45％；包层直径为125μm，包层与纯石英玻璃的相对折射率差为0％。The diameter of the core layer is 8.5 μm, and the relative refractive index difference between the core layer and pure quartz glass is +0.45%; the diameter of the cladding layer is 125 μm, and the relative refractive index difference between the cladding layer and pure quartz glass is 0%.
内涂层直径为155μm，外涂层直径为180μm，内涂层直径与外涂层直径比值为1:1.161；包层直径与内涂层直径的比值为1:1.241。The inner coating diameter is 155 μm, the outer coating diameter is 180 μm, the ratio of inner coating diameter to outer coating diameter is 1:1.161; the ratio of cladding diameter to inner coating diameter is 1:1.241.
在制备该光线纤结构的过程中，拉丝保温退火炉温度控制在1050℃附近，温度控制梯度差3℃/dm。In the process of preparing the optical fiber structure, the temperature of the wire-drawing holding annealing furnace is controlled at around 1050° C., and the temperature control gradient difference is 3° C./dm.
上述结构的光纤结构的光纤筛选强度可以达到100kpsi以上，其未老化拉伸强度可以达到4900MPa，未老化动态疲劳参数Nd可以达到23以上。经过拉丝退火保温的光纤结构，其1550nm衰减可以达到0.190dB/km以下，宏弯水平可 以满足国际电信联盟电信标准分局(International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector，ITU-T)G.657.A2国际标准。保证得到结构和性能稳定、衰减小、筛选强度大的细结构光纤，保证降低光缆尺寸或者提升光纤容量；同时还可以保证细结构光纤具备良好的弯曲性能、机械性能以及环境性能，保证细结构光纤具备良好的实际应用性能。The optical fiber screening strength of the above-mentioned optical fiber structure can reach more than 100kpsi, its unaging tensile strength can reach 4900MPa, and the unaging dynamic fatigue parameter Nd can reach more than 23. The attenuation at 1550nm can reach below 0.190dB/km after drawing and annealing, and the macrobending level can meet the International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) G.657.A2 international standard. Guaranteed to obtain a fine-structured optical fiber with stable structure and performance, low attenuation, and high screening strength, to reduce the size of the optical cable or increase the capacity of the optical fiber; at the same time, it can also ensure that the fine-structured optical fiber has good bending performance, mechanical properties and environmental performance, and ensure that the fine-structured optical fiber It has good practical application performance.
作为另一种可行的实施方式，光纤结构由里到外依次为二氧化硅芯层、二氧化硅内包层、二氧化硅外包层、特殊涂覆材料内涂层、特殊涂覆材料外涂层。As another feasible implementation mode, the optical fiber structure from inside to outside is silica core layer, silica inner cladding, silica outer cladding, special coating material inner coating, special coating material outer coating .
芯层直径为6.5μm，芯层与纯石英玻璃的相对折射率差为+0.69％；内包层与纯石英玻璃的相对折射率差为-0.001％，外包层与纯石英玻璃的相对折射率差为+0.0005％，外包层直径80μm。The diameter of the core layer is 6.5μm, and the relative refractive index difference between the core layer and pure silica glass is +0.69%; the relative refractive index difference between the inner cladding layer and pure silica glass is -0.001%, and the relative refractive index difference between the outer cladding layer and pure silica glass It is +0.0005%, and the outer cladding diameter is 80 μm.
内涂层直径为125μm，外涂层直径为165μm，内涂层直径与外涂层直径比值为1:1.320；包层直径与内涂层直径的比值为1:1.563。The inner coating diameter is 125 μm, the outer coating diameter is 165 μm, the ratio of inner coating diameter to outer coating diameter is 1:1.320; the ratio of cladding diameter to inner coating diameter is 1:1.563.
在制备该光纤结构的过程中，拉丝保温退火炉温度控制在1080℃附近，温度控制梯度差3℃/dm。In the process of preparing the optical fiber structure, the temperature of the wire-drawing holding annealing furnace is controlled at around 1080° C., and the temperature control gradient difference is 3° C./dm.
上述结构的光纤结构的光纤筛选强度可以达到100kpsi以上，其未老化拉伸强度可以达到4000MPa，未老化动态疲劳参数Nd可以达到25以上。经过拉丝退火保温的光纤，其1550nm衰减可以达到0.210dB/km以下，宏弯水平优于ITU-T G.657.B3国际标准。保证得到结构和性能稳定、衰减小、筛选强度大的细结构光纤，保证降低光缆尺寸或者提升光纤容量；同时还可以保证细结构光纤具备良好的弯曲性能、机械性能以及环境性能，保证细结构光纤具备良好的实际应用性能。The optical fiber screening strength of the above-mentioned optical fiber structure can reach more than 100kpsi, its unaged tensile strength can reach 4000MPa, and the unaged dynamic fatigue parameter Nd can reach more than 25. The attenuation at 1550nm of the optical fiber that has been drawn and annealed can reach below 0.210dB/km, and the macrobend level is better than the ITU-T G.657.B3 international standard. Guaranteed to obtain a fine-structured optical fiber with stable structure and performance, low attenuation, and high screening strength, to reduce the size of the optical cable or increase the capacity of the optical fiber; at the same time, it can also ensure that the fine-structured optical fiber has good bending performance, mechanical properties and environmental performance, and ensure that the fine-structured optical fiber It has good practical application performance.
在上述实施例的基础上，包层包括内包层和外包层；内包层包覆芯层，外包层包覆内包层，基于上述结构，图5是本申请实施例提供的另一种光纤结构的制备方法的流程示意图，图5所示的制备方法与上述实施例提供的制备方法的区别在于如何制备内包层和外包层。如图5所示，本申请实施例提供的光纤结构的制备方法包括：On the basis of the above embodiments, the cladding includes an inner cladding and an outer cladding; the inner cladding covers the core, and the outer cladding covers the inner cladding. Based on the above structure, FIG. 5 is another optical fiber structure provided by the embodiment of the present application The schematic flow chart of the preparation method. The difference between the preparation method shown in FIG. 5 and the preparation method provided in the above examples lies in how to prepare the inner cladding layer and the outer cladding layer. As shown in Figure 5, the preparation method of the optical fiber structure provided by the embodiment of the present application includes:
S310、制备芯层松散体并烧结芯层松散体形成芯层光棒。S310, preparing a core layer loose body and sintering the core layer loose body to form a core layer optical rod.
S320、在芯层光棒表面制备内包层松散体，烧结内包层松散体形成内包层光棒。S320. Prepare an inner cladding loose body on the surface of the core optical rod, and sinter the inner cladding loose body to form an inner cladding optical rod.
示例性的，可以在芯层表面采用气相沉积法沉积上一层二氧化硅，得到内包层松散体，之后对内包层松散体进行高温烧结得到内包层光棒，便于对芯层光棒进行保护。Exemplarily, a layer of silicon dioxide can be deposited on the surface of the core layer by vapor phase deposition to obtain the inner cladding loose body, and then the inner cladding loose body is sintered at high temperature to obtain the inner cladding light rod, which is convenient for protecting the core layer light rod .
S330、在内包层光棒表面制备外包层松散体，烧结外包层松散体形成外包 层光棒。S330. Prepare an outer cladding loose body on the surface of the inner cladding optical rod, and sinter the outer cladding loose body to form an outer cladding optical rod.
示例性的，可以在内包层光棒表面采用气相沉积法沉积上一层二氧化硅，得到外包层松散体，之后对外包层松散体进行高温烧结得到外包层光棒，便于对内包层光棒和芯层光棒进行保护。Exemplarily, a layer of silicon dioxide can be deposited on the surface of the inner cladding optical rod by vapor phase deposition to obtain the outer cladding loose body, and then the outer cladding loose body is sintered at a high temperature to obtain the outer cladding optical rod, which is convenient for the inner cladding optical rod And core light rods for protection.
芯层光棒、内包层光棒和外包层光棒形成光纤预制棒。The core optical rod, the inner cladding optical rod and the outer cladding optical rod form an optical fiber prefabricated rod.
S340、熔融并拉丝光纤预制棒形成裸光纤，其中芯层光棒拉丝形成芯层，内包层光棒拉丝形成内包层，外包层光棒拉丝形成外包层，芯层的直径d1满足5μm≤d1≤15μm，包层的直径d2的中值满足80μm≤d2≤125μm。S340. Melting and drawing the optical fiber preform to form a bare optical fiber, wherein the core layer is drawn by optical rods to form a core layer, the inner cladding optical rods are drawn to form an inner cladding, and the outer cladding optical rods are drawn to form an outer cladding, and the diameter d1 of the core layer satisfies 5 μm≤d1≤ 15 μm, the median value of the cladding diameter d2 satisfies 80 μm≤d2≤125 μm.
内包层和外包层可以采用不同掺杂的二氧化硅，得到折射率不同的内包层和外包层，在芯层与内包层之间以及内包层与外包层之间形成折射率梯度，在光纤结构弯曲时芯层与内包层之间以及内包层与外包层之间均不会漏光，保证光纤结构在变细的情况下依然可以保持良好的弯曲性能。The inner cladding and the outer cladding can use different doped silica to obtain the inner cladding and outer cladding with different refractive indices, and a refractive index gradient is formed between the core layer and the inner cladding and between the inner cladding and the outer cladding. In the optical fiber structure There will be no light leakage between the core layer and the inner cladding layer and between the inner cladding layer and the outer cladding layer during bending, which ensures that the optical fiber structure can still maintain good bending performance when it becomes thinner.
芯层、内包层和外包层形成光纤预制棒。The core, inner cladding and outer cladding form an optical fiber preform.
S350、在裸光纤表面制备内涂层，内涂层包覆包层，内涂层的直径d3满足120μm≤d3≤160μm。S350. Prepare an inner coating on the surface of the bare optical fiber, the inner coating covers the cladding, and the diameter d3 of the inner coating satisfies 120 μm≤d3≤160 μm.
S360、在内涂层表面制备外涂层，外涂层包覆内涂层，外涂层的直径d4满足160μm≤d4≤185μm。S360. Prepare an outer coating on the surface of the inner coating, the outer coating covers the inner coating, and the diameter d4 of the outer coating satisfies 160 μm≤d4≤185 μm.
如上，得到包含内包层和外包层的光纤结构，保证光纤结构锁光性能良好。As above, the optical fiber structure including the inner cladding and the outer cladding is obtained, ensuring good light locking performance of the optical fiber structure.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种光纤结构，包括：An optical fiber structure comprising:
    芯层，所述芯层的直径d1满足5μm≤d1≤15μm；A core layer, the diameter d1 of the core layer satisfies 5 μm≤d1≤15 μm;
    包覆所述芯层的包层，所述包层的直径的中值d2满足80μm≤d2≤125μm；A cladding layer covering the core layer, the median diameter d2 of the cladding layer satisfies 80 μm≤d2≤125 μm;
    包覆所述包层的内涂层，所述内涂层的直径d3满足120μm≤d3≤160μm；An inner coating covering the cladding, where the diameter d3 of the inner coating satisfies 120 μm≤d3≤160 μm;
    包覆所述内涂层的外涂层，所述外涂层的直径d4满足160μm≤d4≤185μm。For the outer coating covering the inner coating, the diameter d4 of the outer coating satisfies 160 μm≤d4≤185 μm.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光纤结构，其中，所述内涂层的直径d3与所述包层的直径的中值d2满足1.2≤d3/d2≤1.626；The optical fiber structure according to claim 1, wherein the median value d2 of the diameter d3 of the inner coating and the diameter of the cladding satisfies 1.2≤d3/d2≤1.626;
    所述外涂层的直径d4与所述内涂层的直径d3满足1.125≤d4/d3≤1.376。The diameter d4 of the outer coating and the diameter d3 of the inner coating satisfy 1.125≤d4/d3≤1.376.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的光纤结构，其中，所述芯层的折射率为n1，所述包层的折射率为n2，其中，n1＞n2。The optical fiber structure according to claim 1, wherein the refractive index of the core layer is n1, and the refractive index of the cladding layer is n2, wherein n1>n2.
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的光纤结构，其中，所述芯层与纯石英玻璃的相对折射率差△n1满足+0.30％≤△n1≤+0.75％；The optical fiber structure according to claim 3, wherein the relative refractive index difference Δn1 between the core layer and pure silica glass satisfies +0.30%≤Δn1≤+0.75%;
    所述包层与所述纯石英玻璃的相对折射率差△n2满足0％≤△n2≤+0.001％。The relative refractive index difference Δn2 between the cladding layer and the pure quartz glass satisfies 0%≤Δn2≤+0.001%.
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的光纤结构，其中，所述包层包括内包层和外包层；所述内包层包覆所述芯层，所述外包层包覆所述内包层；The optical fiber structure according to claim 3, wherein the cladding comprises an inner cladding and an outer cladding; the inner cladding covers the core, and the outer cladding covers the inner cladding;
    所述内包层的折射率为n21，所述外包层的折射率为n22，其中，n21＜n22＜n1。The refractive index of the inner cladding layer is n21, and the refractive index of the outer cladding layer is n22, wherein, n21<n22<n1.
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的光纤结构，其中，所述内包层与纯石英玻璃的相对折射率差△n21满足-0.005％≤△n21≤0％；The optical fiber structure according to claim 5, wherein the relative refractive index difference Δn21 between the inner cladding and pure silica glass satisfies -0.005%≤Δn21≤0%;
    所述外包层与所述纯石英玻璃的相对折射率差△n22满足0％≤△n22≤+0.001％。The relative refractive index difference Δn22 between the outer cladding and the pure quartz glass satisfies 0%≤Δn22≤+0.001%.
  7. 一种光纤结构的制备方法，用于制备权利要求1-6中任一项所述的光纤结构；A method for preparing an optical fiber structure, used for preparing the optical fiber structure described in any one of claims 1-6;
    所述制备方法包括：Described preparation method comprises:
    制备芯层松散体并烧结所述芯层松散体形成芯层光棒；preparing a core layer loose body and sintering the core layer loose body to form a core layer optical rod;
    在所述芯层光棒表面制备包层松散体，烧结所述包层松散体形成包层光棒，其中，所述包层光棒包覆所述芯层光棒形成光纤预制棒；Prepare a cladding loose body on the surface of the core optical rod, and sinter the cladding loose body to form a cladding optical rod, wherein the cladding optical rod wraps the core optical rod to form an optical fiber preform;
    熔融并拉丝所述光纤预制棒形成裸光纤，其中，所述芯层光棒拉丝形成芯层，包层光棒拉丝形成包层，所述芯层的直径d1满足5μm≤d1≤15μm，所述 包层的直径d2的中值满足80μm≤d2≤125μm；Melting and drawing the optical fiber preform to form a bare optical fiber, wherein the core optical rod is drawn to form a core layer, and the cladding optical rod is drawn to form a cladding, and the diameter d1 of the core layer satisfies 5 μm≤d1≤15 μm, the The median value of the cladding diameter d2 satisfies 80μm≤d2≤125μm;
    在所述裸光纤表面制备内涂层，其中，所述内涂层包覆所述包层，所述内涂层的直径d3满足120μm≤d3≤160μm；An inner coating is prepared on the surface of the bare optical fiber, wherein the inner coating covers the cladding, and the diameter d3 of the inner coating satisfies 120 μm≤d3≤160 μm;
    在所述内涂层表面制备外涂层，其中，所述外涂层包覆所述内涂层，所述外涂层的直径d4满足160μm≤d4≤185μm。An outer coating is prepared on the surface of the inner coating, wherein the outer coating covers the inner coating, and the diameter d4 of the outer coating satisfies 160 μm≤d4≤185 μm.
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，在所述熔融并拉丝所述光纤预制棒形成裸光纤之后，还包括：The preparation method according to claim 7, after said melting and drawing said optical fiber preform to form a bare optical fiber, further comprising:
    在保温退火炉中对所述裸光纤进行退火。The bare optical fiber is annealed in a holding annealing furnace.
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的制备方法，其中，沿所述裸光纤延伸方向，所述保温退火炉的温度逐渐变化，且温度变化率小于或者等于5℃/dm；The preparation method according to claim 8, wherein, along the extending direction of the bare optical fiber, the temperature of the holding annealing furnace changes gradually, and the temperature change rate is less than or equal to 5°C/dm;
    所述在保温退火炉中对所述裸光纤进行退火，包括：The annealing of the bare optical fiber in the heat preservation annealing furnace includes:
    沿所述裸光纤延伸方向，在所述保温退火炉中对所述裸光纤进行梯度控制退火。Gradient controlled annealing is performed on the bare optical fiber in the holding annealing furnace along the extending direction of the bare optical fiber.
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其中，所述包层包括内包层和外包层；所述内包层包覆所述芯层，所述外包层包覆所述内包层；The preparation method according to claim 7, wherein the cladding layer comprises an inner cladding layer and an outer cladding layer; the inner cladding layer covers the core layer, and the outer cladding layer covers the inner cladding layer;
    所述在所述芯层光棒表面制备包层松散体，烧结所述包层松散体形成包层光棒，包括：The cladding loose body is prepared on the surface of the core optical rod, and the cladding loose body is sintered to form a cladding optical rod, including:
    在所述芯层光棒表面制备内包层松散体，烧结所述内包层松散体形成内包层光棒；Prepare an inner cladding loose body on the surface of the core optical rod, and sinter the inner cladding loose body to form an inner cladding optical rod;
    在所述内包层光棒表面制备外包层松散体，烧结所述外包层松散体形成外包层光棒。An outer cladding loose body is prepared on the surface of the inner cladding optical rod, and the outer cladding loose body is sintered to form an outer cladding optical rod.
PCT/CN2021/109148 2021-07-29 2021-07-29 Fiber structure and preparation method therefor WO2023004664A1 (en)

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CN106772781A (en) * 2017-01-12 2017-05-31 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 A kind of bend insensitive optical fiber made suitable for the joints of optical fibre
CN110383130A (en) * 2017-03-03 2019-10-25 住友电气工业株式会社 Optical fiber
US20200064546A1 (en) * 2018-05-03 2020-02-27 Corning Incorporated Fiber coatings with low pullout force
CN111381314A (en) * 2020-04-24 2020-07-07 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 Small-outer-diameter single-mode optical fiber
CN112904475A (en) * 2021-01-29 2021-06-04 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 Single-mode sensing optical fiber and application thereof
CN112904474A (en) * 2021-01-27 2021-06-04 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 Small-outer-diameter low-attenuation bending insensitive single-mode optical fiber

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106772781A (en) * 2017-01-12 2017-05-31 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 A kind of bend insensitive optical fiber made suitable for the joints of optical fibre
CN110383130A (en) * 2017-03-03 2019-10-25 住友电气工业株式会社 Optical fiber
US20200064546A1 (en) * 2018-05-03 2020-02-27 Corning Incorporated Fiber coatings with low pullout force
CN111381314A (en) * 2020-04-24 2020-07-07 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 Small-outer-diameter single-mode optical fiber
CN112904474A (en) * 2021-01-27 2021-06-04 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 Small-outer-diameter low-attenuation bending insensitive single-mode optical fiber
CN112904475A (en) * 2021-01-29 2021-06-04 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 Single-mode sensing optical fiber and application thereof

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