CN102645699B - Low-attenuation bend-insensitive single-mode fiber - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a low-attenuation bend-insensitive single-mode fiber, which is used in a fiber communication system and comprises a core layer and three claddings. The low-attenuation bend-insensitive single-mode fiber is characterized in that the relative refractive index difference delta1 of the core layer ranges from 0.1% to 0.30%, the radius R1 of the core layer ranges from 3.5 micrometers to 4.5 micrometers, the three claddings are arranged on the outside of the core layer, the first cladding is an inner cladding tightly encircling the core layer, the relative refractive index difference delta2 of the inner cladding ranges from -0.1% to 0.1%, the radius R2 of the inner cladding ranges from 8 micrometers to 10 micrometers, the second cladding is a depressed cladding tightly encircling the inner cladding, the relative refractive index difference delta3 of the depressed cladding ranges from -0.4% to -0.1%, the delta3 is smaller than the delta2, the radius R3 of the depressed cladding ranges from 12 micrometers to 20 micrometers, the third cladding is an outer cladding tightly encircling all sub-claddings of the depressed cladding, and the relative refractive index difference delta4 of the outer cladding ranges from -0.2% to 0.1%. On the basis of comprehensive compatibility to existing G.652 standards, the low-attenuation bend-insensitive single-mode fiber has an attenuation performance far superior to that of a conventional G.652.D fiber, the microscopic bending requirement of G.657.A1 standards can be met, and application of a dense wavelength division multiplexing system is facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the low decay bend-insensitive single-mode optical fiber used in a kind of optical fiber telecommunications system, this optical fiber has the bending resistance of improvement and lower fibre loss, belongs to technical field of photo communication.
Background technology
At present at fiber optic communication field, main optical fiber, single-mode fiber and the multimode optical fiber using two types.And single-mode fiber is compared with multimode optical fiber, have transfer rate fast, carry information capacity is large, the advantages such as long transmission distance, among the construction being widely used in Networks of Fiber Communications, the optical fiber wherein meeting ITU-T G.652 standard is again most popular optical fiber in single-mode fiber.And along with the development of FTTx in recent years, the performance of original G.652 optical fiber can not meet user's requirement, and then on the basis of G.652 optical fiber, have developed the bend insensitive fiber of a new generation, G.657 optical fiber, again G.657 optical fiber is segmented in the up-to-date G.657 sonet standard that wherein ITU-T issues, be divided into can compatible G.652 standard G.657.A class and can not the G.657.B class of compatible G.652 standard.Wherein G.657.A type optical fiber, because can compatibility G.652 standard, and has again good bending property, is considered to most possibly substitute one of product of existing G.652 optical fiber.On the other hand, along with further developing of Optical Amplification Technology and wavelength-division multiplex technique, optical fiber telecommunications system is towards the development in the more direction of large transmission power and longer transmission range.As the important transmission medium in optical fiber telecommunications system, the related performance indicators of single-mode fiber also has further improvement to be obtained, to meet the needs of optical fiber telecommunications system practical development.The attenuation coefficient of optical fiber and mode field diameter are the important performance index of two of single-mode fiber.The attenuation coefficient of optical fiber is less, then its light signal carried can transmission range just longer.The mode field diameter of optical fiber is larger, and useful area is larger, then its nonlinear effect is more weak.Large effective area can suppress the nonlinear effects such as Self-phase modulation, four-wave mixing, Cross-phase Modulation effectively, ensures the transmission quality of high power light signal.Reduction attenuation coefficient and increase useful area effectively can improve the Optical Signal To Noise Ratio (OSNR:optical-signal-to-noise ratio) in optical fiber telecommunications system, the transmission quality of further raising system and transmission range.And current most commercialization G.657 optical fiber, although have excellent bending property, and can with G.652 optical fiber is compatible, the problem that the long diameter of ubiquity mould is less, and G.657 also the original G.652 optical fiber of fundamental sum is basically identical for the attenuation coefficient of optical fiber, does not have greatly improved.Invention one can compatibility G.652 standard, has bend-insensitive characteristic simultaneously, and has the new challenge become compared with the single-mode fiber of new generation of the relatively large mode field diameter of lower attenuation coefficient in optical communication field.
For single-mode fiber, the attenuation coefficient of optical fiber can represent with formula (1):
α = R/λ
4+α
IR+ α
IM+α
OH+α
UV+B (1)
Wherein R is rayleigh scattering coefficient, α
iR, α
iM, α
oH, α
uVrepresent infrared absorption respectively, defect decays, and OH absorbs, and uv absorption.In fiber optic materials, the scattering of the light caused by unevenness forms the scattering loss of optical fiber.Wherein the Rayleigh scattering of optical fiber is one of three kinds of scattering mechanisms, is linear scattering (namely haveing nothing to do with the frequency of light signal).The feature of Rayleigh scattering is that the biquadratic of its size and wavelength is inversely proportional to, and the loss simultaneously caused by it is relevant with concentration with the kind of dopant material.
In order to reduce optical fiber attenuation, generally following several method can be adopted in the manufacture process of preform, as adopted more highly purified starting material, improve the probability of production environment and the introducing of equipment sealing property reduction introduced contaminants, or adopt the prefabricated rods manufacturing process of larger external diameter, the overall attenuation of optical fiber is reduced by the dilution effect of large size prefabricated rod.But from the angle of cost control and technology controlling and process, reduce the doping of optical fiber and the section optimizing optical fiber is the method for the most simple and efficient reduction optical fiber attenuation.
In general, the concentration of dopant material is lower, then the loss caused by Rayleigh scattering is less.Reduce the content of impurity in starting material, improve clean environment degree in optical fiber manufacturing processes, reducing the extraneous content introducing impurity is also a kind of method reducing optical fiber attenuation, as namely patent CN201110178833.3 adopts the bubble-tight method improved in prefabricated fiber rod depositing process, reduce the introducing of introduced contaminants.In optical fiber manufacturing processes, the coating processes of bare fibre surface coating is also the important parameter affecting optical fiber attenuation performance.
But, no matter theoretically or in actual fiber preparation technology, the parameters such as Funing tablet are mixed by what optimize sandwich layer diameter and covering, not only can increase the useful area of single-mode fiber, and Rayleigh scattering etc. can be effectively reduced in optical fiber cause decay, be a kind of method reducing optical fiber attenuation effectively reliably.But larger useful area can cause the obvious increase of the bending loss of optical fiber (comprising macrobending loss and the microbending loss of optical fiber), particularly in long wavelength region.In the cabling process of optical fiber or the laying of reality and use procedure, if the bending resistance of optical fiber can meet the demands, then the loss of signal will become large, and the transmission quality of signal cannot be guaranteed.So while optical fiber has large effective area and low fading characteristics, ensureing macrobend and the microbend performance of optical fiber, is a difficult problem of optical fiber Design and manufacture.
For common G657 optical fibre optical fibre, the conventional G657 fibre profile of one as described in Chinese patent CN101598834A and manufacture method, mix altogether for Ge & F in sandwich layer, in order to obtain optimum macrobend performance, the relative index of refraction of sandwich layer is generally all greater than 0.35%, namely sandwich layer Ge adulterates more, so can cause larger Rayleigh scattering, thus increases the decay of optical fiber.
In order to optimize the fade performance of optical fiber, various countries researchist has done a series of research, wherein in Chinese patent CN102156323A, describes the manufacture method of the large effective area bend insensitive fiber of one " pure silicon core ".Its sandwich layer part, without any doping (being pure silicon dioxide quartz glass), takes the macrobend performance of the structure optimization of sagging surrounding layer optical fiber.But " pure silicon core " optical fiber is because in sandwich layer part without any doping, core refractive rate and pure quartz close, institute's fiber core layer segment glass viscosity is larger, thus control at drawing optical fibers tension force and bring a series of problem in fibre profile design, and because its higher cable cut-off wavelength, and the problem such as nonlinear effect, there is certain difficulty with on existing Web-compatible in it.
In US Patent No. 6917740, describe a kind of viscosity of material mismatch improved pure silicon core single-mode fiber and manufacture method thereof.By mixing chlorine (Cl) and fluorine (F) in the core, making the difference of the glass transition temperature Tg of sandwich layer and covering narrow down within 200 DEG C, optimizing the fade performance of optical fiber.This patent does not relate to research to the bending property of optical fiber and improvement, does not relate to the optical transmission performance of optical fiber.In US Patent No. 6449415, disclose a kind of sandwich layer and mix chlorine (Cl), its relative index of refraction is on the occasion of, doped cladding layer fluorine (F), its relative index of refraction is the optical fiber of negative value, and this optical fiber has the structure of inner cladding for the covering (depressed cladding) that sink.The material that sandwich layer mixes chlorine effectively can reduce the mismatch of fiber cores packaging material material, reduce the extra-stress produced by drawing process, inner cladding is the cladding structure that sink simultaneously, the bending property of optical fiber can be improved, but the structure of the covering that sink improves the limited in one's ability of bending property, other optical parametric of optical fiber can be affected, the mode field diameter of such as optical fiber and cutoff wavelength etc. simultaneously.And in the irrational situation of surrounding layer parameter designing, interior sagging cladding structure likely can cause the leakage problem of LP01 mould (namely the attenuation coefficient of single-mode fiber rises sharp in long wavelength region).
For optimizing the bending property of single-mode fiber, what employing was more at present is following three kinds of methods: one is the MAC value (i.e. the ratio of fibre-optic mode field diameter and cutoff wavelength) adjusting optical fiber.MAC value is less, then the bending resistance of optical fiber is better.But, the reduction of mode field diameter can cause the reduction of useful area, and easilier cause more defect when wire drawing and increase decay, the cutoff wavelength of optical fiber must be less than operation wavelength simultaneously, to ensure the operating characteristic of single mode, so improved the limited space of the bending property of optical fiber by the MAC value changing optical fiber.Two is that the double-clad structure that can be sagging covering by inner cladding improves bending property, but the covering that sink likely causes " leakage of LP01 mould " phenomenon of optical fiber.Three is increase by the inner cladding at optical fiber the sagging covering (trench) that one deck is similar to groove outward, while ensureing larger mode field diameter, improve the bending property of optical fiber, the method obtains general application in bend-insensitive single-mode optical fiber (namely G.657 optical fiber), as Chinese patent CN101598834A, US Patent No. 7450807 and European patent EP 1978383 etc.Do not find that Patents or bibliographical information adopt low-doped, the structure that large sandwich layer diameter and sagging covering (trench) combine, improves the performance of this kind of optical fiber, further at attenuation coefficient, useful area, reaches effective and combines and unification between bending property three.
Summary of the invention
Introduce summary of the invention for convenience, definitional part term:
Plug: the prefabricated component containing sandwich layer and part of clad;
Refractive index profile: optical fiber or the relation between preform (comprising plug) glass refraction and its radius;
Refractive index contrast: Δ n
i=| n
i-n
0|, n
iand n
0be respectively the refractive index of each corresponding optical fiber each several part refractive index and pure silicon dioxide glass.
The contribution amount of fluorine (F): mix the absolute value of fluorine (F) quartz glass relative to the refractive index difference of pure quartz glass, i.e. Δ F=|n
f-n
pure quartz|, represent with this and mix fluorine (F) amount;
The contribution amount of germanium (Ge): mix the absolute value of germanium (Ge) quartz glass relative to the refractive index difference of pure quartz glass, i.e. Δ Ge=|n
ge-n
pure quartz|, represent with this and mix germanium (Ge) amount;
Sleeve pipe: the heavy wall purity quartz glass pipe for high meeting certain sectional area requirement;
RIT technique: plug is inserted in sleeve pipe and forms preform;
OVD outsourcing depositing operation: need the SiO2 glass of thickness in mandrel surface preparation with Outside Vapor deposition and sintering process;
VAD outsourcing depositing operation: need the SiO2 glass of thickness in mandrel surface preparation with axial vapor deposition and sintering process;
APVD over cladding process: with high-frequency plasma flame, natural or synthetic quartz powder are founded the SiO2 glass preparing desired thickness in mandrel surface;
O/Si compares: pass into the oxygen (O2) of reaction zone and the mol ratio of silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4).
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is the deficiency that exists for above-mentioned prior art and provides that a kind of refractive index profile is reasonable in design, low and that bending resistance is good low decay bend-insensitive single-mode optical fiber of decaying.
The technical scheme of single-mode fiber of the present invention is:
Include sandwich layer and three coverings, its difference is that the refractive index contrast Δ 1 of sandwich layer is 0.1% ~ 0.30%, radius R 1 is 3.5 μm ~ 4.5 μm, three coverings are had outside sandwich layer, first covering is closely around the inner cladding of sandwich layer, its refractive index contrast Δ 2 is 0.1% ~-0.1%, radius R 2 is 8 μm ~ 10 μm, second covering is the covering that sink, closely around inner cladding, its refractive index contrast Δ 3 is-0.4% ~-0.1%, and Δ 3 is less than Δ 2, radius R 3 is 12 μm ~ 20 μm, triple clad is surrounding layer, closely around all layerings of sagging covering, it is compared with the refractive index of pure quartz, refractive index contrast Δ 4 is-0.20% ~ 0.1%.
By such scheme, described sandwich layer is by mixing the quartz glass of fluorine (F) and germanium (Ge) or to be mixed with and the quartz glass of other adulterants forms simultaneously, and the contribution amount Δ F of sandwich layer fluorine (F) is-0.08% ~-0.02%.
By such scheme, the first described covering is made up of the quartz glass or pure quartz glass mixing fluorine (F) and germanium (Ge) simultaneously, the difference DELTA 1-Δ 2 that radius R 2 and the ratio R 2/R1 of the radius R 1 of sandwich layer of the first covering are the refractive index contrast of the 1.7 ~ 2.9, first covering and sandwich layer is 0.2% ~ 0.40%.
By such scheme, the second described covering is made up of the quartz glass mixing fluorine (F), and its refractive index contrast Δ 3 is less than other covering.
By such scheme, described triple clad can be pure quartz glass layer, or for mixing the quartz glass layer of fluorine or other adulterants.
Optical fiber of the present invention has following characteristic:
Optical fiber is 8.6 ~ 9.8 microns in the mode field diameter at 1310nm wavelength place, and zero-dispersion wavelength is 1300 ~ 1324nm, and optical fiber is not more than 0.092ps/nm2*km at the chromatic dispersion gradient at zero-dispersion wavelength place.
Optical fiber is less than or equal to 0.325dB/km at the attenuation coefficient at 1310nm wavelength place, and the attenuation coefficient at 1383nm wavelength place is less than or equal to 0.325dB/km, and the attenuation coefficient at 1550nm wavelength place is less than or equal to 0.185dB/km.
Optical fiber has the cable cut-off wavelength being less than or equal to 1260nm.
Optical fiber, at 1625 nanometer nm wavelength places, is less than or equal to 1dB or even 0.1dB for around 15 millimeters of bending radius around the bending added losses of 10 circle; 1.5dB or even 0.2dB is less than or equal to around the bending added losses of 1 circle for around 10 millimeters of bending radius.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: 1. on the basis of comprehensive compatible existing G.652 standard, have the fade performance being far superior to conventional G.652.D optical fiber, thus in primary transmission, can reduce the cost building associated base stations and other system equipments.2. relatively common G.652 optical fiber, second covering of minimum relative refractive index in this optical fiber structure, effectively light signal can be constrained in fibre core and propagate, in the bent state simultaneously, the leakage that can effectively stop light signal outside, makes the bending resistance of optical fiber, and the anti-macrobend performance and the anti-microbend performance that comprise optical fiber are guaranteed, the macrobending requirement of G.657.A1 standard can be met, and ensure the fade performance after optical fiber cabling.3. compare with conventional G.657 optical fiber, fibre-optic mode field diameter of the present invention is larger, and its useful area also increases thereupon, thus can obtain larger launched power, is conducive to dense wave division multipurpose (DWDM) systematic difference.4., because the relative increase of the long diameter of mould, optical fiber of the present invention is when the G.652 fused fiber splice with routine, and splice loss, splice attenuation is less, and compatibility is higher.5. doped with fluorine and germanium while of in sandwich layer, the viscosity of core material is reduced, the viscosity of sandwich layer and covering can be mated, avoid the viscosity mismatch situation of " pure silicon core " optical fiber, thus the unrelieved stress of inside of optical fibre will reduce further after wire drawing, be conducive to the fade performance improving optical fiber, and fluorine (F) the contribution amount Δ F that mixes mixing fluorine layering of the second covering is less than-0.20%, fibre profile is formed " sink covering " structure, to ensure to avoid occurring " leakage of LP01 mould " phenomenon, and because its viscosity is greater than the second covering, the triple clad material of viscosity higher is by the drawing tensile force of the carrying larger proportion when wire drawing, the stress that so just can effectively stop drawing tensile force to cause concentrates on core segment and causes the increase of optical fiber attenuation, improve the reliability in optical fiber use.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the radial section schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention.The sandwich layer of 00 corresponding optical fiber in figure, the first covering of 10 corresponding optical fiber, the second covering of 20 corresponding optical fiber, the triple clad of 30 corresponding optical fiber.
Fig. 2 is the refractive index profile schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
To provide detailed embodiment below, the present invention is further illustrated.
The bare fibre of the present embodiment includes sandwich layer and covering, and sandwich layer 00 is made up of the quartz glass mixing fluorine (F) and germanium (Ge) or the quartz glass that is mixed with fluorine and other adulterants; Be centered around outside sandwich layer and have three coverings.First covering 10 is closely around sandwich layer, and the quartz glass mixing fluorine (F) and germanium (Ge) while being prepared by PCVD technique forms; Second covering 20 is closely around the first covering, and the second covering is made up of the quartz glass mixing fluorine (F), and its relative index of refraction Δ 3 is less than other covering.Triple clad 30 is closely around all layerings of the second covering.Described triple clad can be the quartz glass layer mixing fluorine or other adulterants, or triple clad can be pure silicon layer, and namely refractive index contrast is 0%.The coat of the present embodiment optical fiber adopts " wet on wet(is wet to wet) " coating processes, drawing speed is as 1000-1500m/min.
According to the technical scheme of above-mentioned single-mode fiber, design in the parameter of the scope interior focusing fibre of its defined, and manufacture plug by plug manufacturing process such as known PCVD technique, MCVD technique, OVD technique or VAD techniques according to the designing requirement of optical fiber, the manufacture of whole prefabricated rods is completed by over cladding process such as sleeve pipe technique, OVD technique or VAD techniques.PCVD technique carry out high concentration mix fluorine (F) time, there is certain advantage.
Draw the refractive index profile of optical fiber use NR-9200 equipment (EXFO) test, the refractive index profile of optical fiber and the major parameter of dopant material as shown in table 1.
Macrobend added losses method of testing is with reference to the method specified in IEC 60793-1-47, because wavelength is longer to bending more responsive, so the main bending added losses of measuring fiber at 1550nm and 1625nm wavelength place, with accurate evaluation optical fiber bending susceptibility of (especially L-band) in full band range.Optical fiber is coiled into 1 circle or 10 circles by certain diameter, then circle is decontroled, test the change of front and back luminous power of looping, in this, as the macrobend added losses of optical fiber.
Draw the Specifeca tion speeification of optical fiber as shown in table 2.
Experiment shows, according to the optical fiber manufactured by technical scheme of the present invention, it can reach more than 8.7 μm in the mode field diameter at 1310nm wavelength place, cable cut-off wavelength ensures at below 126nm, ensure at below 0.185dB/km at the attenuation coefficient at 1550nm wavelength place, and optical fiber has good bending resistance, comprise good anti-macrobend performance and anti-microbend performance, optical fiber, at 1550nm wavelength place, is less than or equal to 0.5dB for around 10mm bending radius around the bending added losses of 1 circle; 0.2dB is less than or equal to around the bending added losses of 10 circle for around 15mm bending radius; At 1625nm wavelength place, be less than or equal to 1.0dB for around 10mm bending radius around the bending added losses of 1 circle; 0.8dB is less than or equal to around the bending added losses of 10 circle for around 15mm bending radius.Optical fiber is less than 1.5dB/km at the microbending loss of 1700nm simultaneously.
Table 1: the structure and material composition of optical fiber
Table 2: the Specifeca tion speeification of optical fiber
Claims (8)
1. one kind low decay bend-insensitive single-mode optical fiber, include sandwich layer and three coverings, the refractive index contrast Δ 1 that it is characterized in that sandwich layer is 0.1% ~ 0.30%, radius R 1 is 3.5 μm ~ 4.5 μm, three coverings are had outside sandwich layer, first covering is closely around the inner cladding of sandwich layer, its refractive index contrast Δ 2 is 0.1% ~-0.1%, radius R 2 is 8 μm ~ 10 μm, second covering is the covering that sink, closely around inner cladding, its refractive index contrast Δ 3 is-0.4% ~-0.1%, and Δ 3 is less than Δ 2, radius R 3 is 12 μm ~ 20 μm, triple clad is surrounding layer, closely around all layerings of sagging covering, refractive index contrast Δ 4 is-0.20% ~ 0.1%.
2. by low decay bend-insensitive single-mode optical fiber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the first described covering is made up of the quartz glass or pure quartz glass mixing fluorine (F) and germanium (Ge) simultaneously, the difference DELTA 1-Δ 2 of the refractive index contrast of the first covering and sandwich layer is 0.2% ~ 0.40%.
3., by the low decay bend-insensitive single-mode optical fiber described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that the second described covering is made up of the quartz glass mixing fluorine, its refractive index contrast Δ 3 is less than other covering.
4., by the low decay bend-insensitive single-mode optical fiber described in claim 1 or 2, its feature is pure quartz glass layer at described triple clad, or for mixing the quartz glass layer of fluorine or other adulterants.
5., by the low decay bend-insensitive single-mode optical fiber described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that optical fiber is 8.6 ~ 9.8 microns in the mode field diameter at 1310nm wavelength place.
6., by the low decay bend-insensitive single-mode optical fiber described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that optical fiber is less than or equal to 0.325dB/km at the attenuation coefficient at 1310nm wavelength place, the attenuation coefficient at 1550nm wavelength place is less than or equal to 0.185dB/km.
7., by the low decay bend-insensitive single-mode optical fiber described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that optical fiber has the cable cut-off wavelength being less than or equal to 1260nm.
8. by the low decay bend-insensitive single-mode optical fiber described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that optical fiber is at 1625 nm wavelength places, be less than or equal to 1dB for around 15 millimeters of bending radius around the bending added losses of 10 circle; 1.5dB is less than or equal to around the bending added losses of 1 circle for around 10 millimeters of bending radius.
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| CN102156323A (en) * | 2011-05-05 | 2011-08-17 | 长飞光纤光缆有限公司 | Single mode fiber |
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