CN111380812A - Method for quickly identifying flue-cured tobacco and cinnabar tobacco leaves - Google Patents
Method for quickly identifying flue-cured tobacco and cinnabar tobacco leaves Download PDFInfo
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- CN111380812A CN111380812A CN202010111937.1A CN202010111937A CN111380812A CN 111380812 A CN111380812 A CN 111380812A CN 202010111937 A CN202010111937 A CN 202010111937A CN 111380812 A CN111380812 A CN 111380812A
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for quickly identifying cinnabar tobacco leaves of flue-cured tobaccos, belonging to the technical field of flue-cured tobacco identification, and comprising the following steps of: 2 symmetrical points (avoiding the leaf vein and the residual injury as much as possible) are respectively selected at the middle parts of the main vein and the leaf margin of the flue-cured tobacco leaf at the positions 1/3 and 1/2 away from the leaf tip and at the position 1/3 away from the leaf base, the surface color parameters and the reflection spectrum of the tobacco leaf are measured, and the first order reciprocal of the color reflection spectrum is calculated. The lightness (L), redness (a), yellowness (b) and saturation (C) amplitude of color parameters corresponding to the cinnabar tobacco leaves are respectively as follows: 44.58 to 60.24, 20.89 to 26.89, 35.46 to 49.85 and 41.78 to 54.3; the spectrum reflection first order reciprocal spectrogram shows that the first high point is at 530nm, the first order reciprocal value at 530nm is between 0.2 and 0.3, and the spectrum reflection first order reciprocal spectrogram has uniqueness compared with tobacco leaves of other color groups and can be used as a basis for identifying the tobacco leaves of the cinnabar. The method has the advantages of high determination speed, simple and clear discrimination standard, high applicability and high accuracy, and can be used as a basis for quickly identifying the cinnabar tobacco leaves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flue-cured tobacco identification, and particularly relates to a method for quickly identifying cinnabar tobacco leaves of flue-cured tobaccos.
Background
The cured tobacco with cinnabar tobacco leaves is also called cherry red tobacco leaves, and the appearance characteristic of the cured tobacco is that the color patches of cinnabar appear on the surfaces of the tobacco leaves with stronger chroma, obvious granular objects are arranged on the patches, and the fragrance is smelled prominently. Research aiming at the formation mechanism of the cinnabar tobacco leaves shows that the tobacco flue-cured cinnabar tobacco leaves are induced by the environment by the conventional cultivated tobacco varieties, so that the genes for controlling nicotine synthesis and conversion of tobacco plants are mutated, and nicotine in the tobacco leaves is metabolized and converted to demethylnicotine. The high content of the demethylated nicotine in the tobacco leaves is linked with the 'cherry red' color phase of the tobacco leaves, and during the tobacco leaf baking process, the demethylated nicotine and the quinine substances react to generate red substances, so that the apparent characteristics of the cinnabar tobacco leaves show cinnabar red.
The red color presented by the appearance characteristic of the cinnabar is different from brown or brown color formed by brown reaction in the preparation process of the flue-cured tobacco and brownish red plaque or whole-leaf roasted red color formed by caramelization of sugar in tobacco leaves due to overhigh temperature (more than 73 ℃) at the terminal stage of the tendon drying in the preparation process of the flue-cured tobacco. Due to different formation mechanisms, the red characteristics of the flue-cured tobacco leaf surfaces are different, and the pigment compositions are also different. Due to different visual reflection, the tobacco color characteristic parameters and the spectral characteristics of different types of tobacco leaves are different necessarily. However, no report is available on the method for identifying by using the color characteristic parameters and the spectral characteristics of the cinnabar smoke at present.
The change of alkaloid composition of the cinnabar tobacco leaves leads to the great change of secondary metabolites of the cinnabar tobacco leaves, and the cinnabar tobacco leaves have great influence on the safety and the sensory quality of the tobacco leaves. Because of the particularity of the cinnabar tobacco leaves, the cinnabar tobacco leaves need to be purchased and processed separately in production.
Because the red plaque of the surface characteristic of the cinnabar tobacco leaf is easy to be confused with the flue-cured red tobacco leaf and the upper red brown tobacco leaf, certain difficulty is brought to production and purchase. At present, the identification of cinnabar is carried out mainly according to the judgment of naked eyes on the surface color of cinnabar, and the technical and experience requirements of tobacco quality testing personnel are higher by means of empirical identification modes such as eye observation and hand touch, the subjective factor influence is larger, and the accuracy cannot be guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the background art, the invention provides a method for quickly identifying cured tobacco and cinnabar tobacco, which has the advantages of quick and simple operation and high identification accuracy, and can solve the problems of large influence of subjective factors depending on human judgment and difficulty in ensuring single yield, monotony and single processing accuracy of cinnabar tobacco.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the method for quickly identifying the flue-cured tobacco and cinnabar tobacco leaves comprises the following steps: 2 symmetrical points are respectively selected at the middle parts of the main vein and the leaf margin of the flue-cured tobacco leaf at the positions 1/3 and 1/2 away from the leaf tip and at the position 1/3 away from the leaf base, the surface color parameters and the reflection spectrum of the tobacco leaf are measured, and the first reciprocal of the color reflection spectrum is calculated.
Further preferably, when the first derivative spectrogram of the reflection spectrum shows a first turning point at 530nm, the vermilion tobacco leaf is judged.
Further preferably, the first reciprocal value at 530nm in the first derivative spectrogram of the reflection spectrum is 0.2-0.3, and the cinnabar tobacco is judged.
More preferably, when lightness (L), redness (a), yellowness (b), and saturation (C) variations of the color parameters are: 44.58-60.24, 20.89-26.89, 35.46-49.85 and 41.78-54.3, the product is judged as the cinnabar tobacco.
Further preferably, the selected measuring points avoid veins, residual injury and disease spots as much as possible.
Further preferably, the first reciprocal of the color reflectance spectrum is calculated as follows: the difference between the adjacent 2 spectra is divided by the spectral interval value, which is the first reciprocal value of the first point.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method has the advantages of low requirement on the determination technology, high determination speed, strong operability, intuitive and simple discrimination standard, high applicability and high accuracy, and can be used as a basis for rapidly discriminating the cinnabar tobacco leaves.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a first order reciprocal spectrum of the mean reflectance spectrum of the surface color of the primary color group tobacco leaves;
FIG. 2 is a first derivative spectrum of a reflection spectrum of a color of a leaf surface of Cinnabaris at a random detection point;
FIG. 3 is a first derivative spectrum of the average reflectance spectrum of the upper Cinnabaris leaf surface color;
FIG. 4 is a first derivative spectrum of the mean reflectance spectrum of the surface color of middle Cinnabaris leaf.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below to facilitate understanding of the skilled person.
Example 1
1. Implementation materials: proven upper orange leaf (BF), upper lemon leaf (BL), middle orange leaf (CF), middle lemon leaf (CL), lower orange leaf (XF), lower lemon leaf (XL), reddish brown leaf (BR), and cinnabar leaf (ZS) were used as the implementation materials.
2. The identification steps are as follows: selecting 2 symmetrical points (6 points in total) at the main vein and the middle part of the leaf edge at the positions of the flue-cured tobacco leaf sheet from the leaf apex 1/3, 1/2 and the leaf base 1/3 respectively, and measuring the color parameters { lightness (L), redness (a), yellowness (b), saturation (C) and hue angle (H) of the tobacco leaf surface0) And reflectance spectra, calculating the first order reciprocal of the color reflectance spectra. Calculating the first reciprocal of the color reflectance spectrum as follows: the difference between the adjacent 2 spectra is divided by the spectral interval value of 10nm, which is the first reciprocal value of the first point.
3. And (4) analyzing results:
in table 1, the lightness (L), the redness (a), the yellowness (b) and the saturation (C) of the color parameters of the cinnabar tobacco are respectively as follows: 44.58 to 60.24, 20.89 to 26.89, 35.46 to 49.85 and 41.78 to 54.3; compared with the color parameters of other groups of tobacco leaves, the brightness of the cinnabar tobacco is obviously lower than that of the orange and lemon tobacco leaves, the redness is obviously higher than that of the orange and lemon tobacco leaves, the yellowness is obviously lower than that of the orange and lemon tobacco leaves, and the saturation is obviously lower than that of the orange and lemon tobacco leaves; compared with the upper red Brown (BR) tobacco leaf, the cinnabar tobacco leaf has higher lightness, less obvious red degree difference, higher yellowness and higher saturation.
TABLE 1 spatial distribution characteristics of surface color parameters of tobacco leaves of various color groups
As can be seen from fig. 1, the first derivative spectra of the orange color group and the lemon color group have 2 peaks and 1 low peak, 2 peaks are located at 510nm and 689nm, respectively, and 1 low peak is located at 650 nm. And in the 3 peaks, 1 is in a green wave band (490-560 nm) and 2 is in a red wave band (630-700 nm), which shows that the difference of the surface color spectrums of the tobacco leaves in the orange group and the lemon group is mainly concentrated in the green wave band and the red wave band. The first derivative spectrum of the upper red brown tobacco leaf (BR) also has a turn at 510nm, but is not a peak, and the trend is inconsistent with the orange color group and the lemon color group at 510-630 nm. The first inflection point of cinnabar (ZS) is at 530nm, the first derivative value of cinnabar at 530nm is between 0.2 and 0.3, the first derivative value of orange and lemon colour groups at 530nm is > 0.3, and the first derivative value of upper red-Brown (BR) tobacco at 530nm is < 0.2.
In conclusion, the first-order derivative spectrogram of the cinnabar tobacco leaves is different from the high peaks and turning points of other tobacco leaves, the first turning point is 530nm, the first-order derivative value at 530nm is 0.2-0.3, and the average first-order derivative of the spectrum has uniqueness and can be used as the basis for identifying the cinnabar tobacco leaves.
Example 2
And randomly selecting the proven cinnabar tobacco leaves as implementation materials, and randomly selecting 20 detection points from 200 detection points for data analysis.
The identification steps are as follows: 2 symmetrical points (6 points in total, and the selected measuring points avoid the veins, the residual injuries and the disease spots as much as possible) are respectively selected at the middle parts of the main veins and the leaf edges of the flue-cured tobacco leaves at the positions 1/3 and 1/2 away from the leaf tips and at the positions 1/3 away from the leaf bases, the surface color parameters and the reflection spectrum of the tobacco leaves are measured, and the first-order reciprocal of the color reflection spectrum is calculated. Calculating the first reciprocal of the color reflectance spectrum as follows: the difference between the adjacent 2 spectra is divided by the spectral interval value of 10nm, which is the first reciprocal value of the first point. Randomly selecting 20 detection point data as verification.
Example 3
The confirmed upper Cinnabaris leaf (5 specimens) was randomly selected as the material of execution.
The identification steps are as follows: 2 symmetrical points (6 points in total, and the selected measuring points avoid the veins, the residual injuries and the disease spots as much as possible) are respectively selected at the middle parts of the main veins and the leaf edges of the flue-cured tobacco leaves at the positions 1/3 and 1/2 away from the leaf tips and at the positions 1/3 away from the leaf bases, the surface color parameters and the reflection spectrum of the tobacco leaves are measured, and the first-order reciprocal of the color reflection spectrum is calculated. Calculating the first reciprocal of the color reflectance spectrum as follows: the difference between the adjacent 2 spectra is divided by the spectral interval value of 10nm, which is the first reciprocal value of the first point.
Example 4
The confirmed middle cut of Cinnabaris tobacco (5 specimens) was randomly selected as the material of execution.
The identification steps are as follows: 2 symmetrical points (the selected measuring points avoid veins, residual injuries and disease spots as much as possible) are respectively selected at the middle parts of the main veins and the leaf edges of the flue-cured tobacco leaves at the positions 1/3 and 1/2 away from the leaf tips and at the positions 1/3 away from the leaf bases, the surface color parameters and the reflection spectrum of the tobacco leaves are measured, and the first order reciprocal of the color reflection spectrum is calculated. Calculating the first reciprocal of the color reflectance spectrum as follows: the difference between the adjacent 2 spectra is divided by the spectral interval value of 10nm, which is the first reciprocal value of the first point.
Analysis of results
The measurement results of examples 2 to 4 are shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, and it can be seen from the first derivative spectrograms of the tobacco surface color reflection spectrum that the turning point at 530nm is stable regardless of the random point test or the site mean value test, and the first reciprocal value at 530nm is between 0.2 and 0.3, which is unique compared with other color groups and can be used as the basis for identifying the Cinnabaris tobacco. The identification method has the advantages of simple operation, single identification parameter, high applicability and high accuracy, and can be used for quickly identifying the cinnabar tobacco leaves.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for rapidly identifying flue-cured tobacco and cinnabar tobacco leaves is characterized by comprising the following steps: 2 symmetrical points are respectively selected at the middle parts of the main vein and the leaf margin of the flue-cured tobacco leaf at the positions 1/3 and 1/2 away from the leaf tip and at the position 1/3 away from the leaf base, the surface color parameters and the reflection spectrum of the tobacco leaf are measured, and the first reciprocal of the color reflection spectrum is calculated.
2. The method for rapidly identifying the flue-cured cinnabar tobacco leaves according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: when the first derivative spectrogram of the reflection spectrum shows a first turning point at 530nm, the cinnabar tobacco is judged.
3. The method for rapidly identifying the flue-cured cinnabar tobacco leaves according to claim 1 or 2, which comprises the following steps: and judging the first reciprocal value at 530nm in the first derivative spectrogram of the reflection spectrum to be 0.2-0.3, and judging the main formula to be the cinnabar tobacco.
4. The method for rapidly identifying cinnabar flue-cured tobacco leaves according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: when lightness (L), redness (a), yellowness (b) and saturation (C) of the color parameters respectively have the following amplitude: 44.58-60.24, 20.89-26.89, 35.46-49.85 and 41.78-54.3, the product is judged as the cinnabar tobacco.
5. The method for rapidly identifying the flue-cured cinnabar tobacco leaves according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the selected measuring points avoid veins, residual injury and disease spots as much as possible.
6. The method for rapidly identifying cinnabar tobacco leaves as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, wherein: calculating the first reciprocal of the color reflectance spectrum as follows: the difference between the adjacent 2 spectra is divided by the spectral interval value, which is the first reciprocal value of the first point.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112666316A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-16 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for distinguishing cinnabar smoke from common smoke |
| CN115669979A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-02-03 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Classification formula threshing and redrying method of cinnabar smoke |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112666316A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-16 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for distinguishing cinnabar smoke from common smoke |
| CN115669979A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-02-03 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Classification formula threshing and redrying method of cinnabar smoke |
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Application publication date: 20200707 |