CN111376928A

CN111376928A - Connecting device between highway and railway combined transport carriage supporting rod and end platform

Info

Publication number: CN111376928A
Application number: CN201910079194.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 雅克·奥贝尔; 让-卢克·安德烈
Original assignee: Lohr Industrie SA
Current assignee: Lohr Industrie SA
Priority date: 2018-12-27
Filing date: 2019-01-28
Publication date: 2020-07-07
Also published as: EP3677484A1; EP3677484B1; ES2875000T3; FR3091250A1; PL3677484T3; CN210454803U; FR3091250B1; HUE055030T2

Abstract

The invention provides a connecting device (15) for connecting a support rod (3) arm (13) with an end platform (2) of a highway-railway combined transport carriage (1). The device comprises a rotatable tab (16) mounted at the free end of each arm of the support bar between two parallel horizontal discs (18a, 18 b). The tab can be extended by a screw (21) which is connected to a receiving part (25) of the end platform (2) through a through-hole (26). The pull ring (16) can be used safely by fastening the nut (27) to the threaded end (22) of the screw (21) and fastening the locknut (28) to the screw (21), and the nut (27) and the locknut (28) lock the receiving parts (25) at the two ends of the screw so as to fix the position of the screw (21) of the pull ring (16) in the receiving parts (25).

Description

Connecting device between highway and railway combined transport carriage supporting rod and end platform

Technical Field

The invention relates to a railway carriage of a highway freight car for highway and railway transport, which comprises two end platforms which are connected by support rods and are provided with bogies, and can support a rotatable bearing structure of the highway freight car.

The present invention focuses on the design of a connection device that can connect end platforms via support rods.

State of the art

The railway cars of a conventional highway/railway intermodal freight car typically include two end platforms connected by support rods and equipped with bogies and which support the rotatable load bearing structure of the highway freight car.

The rotatable structure is rotatable in a horizontal direction between the end platforms, from a transport position along the longitudinal axis of the carriage to an inclined or vertical position upon loading/unloading, and the trucks can freely pass between the loading dock and the support surface of the rotatable structure.

Such a car is described in document EP 1292478.

The rotatable structure and support structure in such a car are rotatable about a pivot and are mounted on support rods that connect the two end platforms. On the pivot plane, the support bar is usually equipped with a bellows, which facilitates the descent of the support bar relative to the rotatable structure, and enables the rotatable structure to disengage from the support bar and rotate autonomously.

In document EP 1292478, the support bar is designed in appearance as a longitudinal connecting piece, fastened or mounted on the underside of the end platform by means of two end pieces. In this document, the main function of the support bar is to complete the mechanical connection between the two end platforms, so that the end platforms remain in the initial position during loading or unloading. Typically, the thickness of the support rods is small to avoid affecting the payload size in reference to the standard for viaducts of the stretch ratio railway. In fact, the support bar is only subjected to its own weight, sometimes thrust and tension from the end platform.

The rotatable structure is then in a low position and longitudinally aligned with the two end platforms when the car is in the transport position or "car off" position, and in a high position and inclined or perpendicular to the two end platforms when the car is in the load/unload position or "car on" position.

In the car described in document EP 1292478, the support bars no longer support the torque generated by the tank car, but only the said ducts and cables, when the car is in the transport position or "car closed" position, whereas the support bars can maintain the position of the two end platforms and act as a central axis of rotation of the rotatable structure when the car is in the inclined or vertical position during loading/unloading, or in the position "car open".

Usually, pneumatic pipeline and cables required by the carriage can be arranged on the supporting rod and are electrified.

When assembling the car, the support rods are installed as the case may be to maintain the balance of the connection between the two end platforms, but this operation is often complicated and difficult. In fact, when the car is in the "car off" position, the support bar is subjected to the torque generated by the rotatable structure. In a similar way, the inside of the supporting rod can deform when stressed, and further the geometric shape of the carriage chassis and the connection mode between the supporting rod and the two end platforms are influenced.

The effect of these deformations is particularly great when the support bar extends as an intermediate part on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the car and the intermediate part has forks with two robot arms at both ends.

In document EP 1292478, the support bar is fastened or mounted on an end platform only by the free ends of the two arms of the fork. To correct the above-mentioned errors, it is necessary to twist the support bars until the deformation thereof has a negligible effect, so that the support bars can be subjected to the moment again resulting from the traction force exerted by the rotatable structure on the support bars. To correct the errors in document EP 1292478, it has been empirically determined that it is generally necessary to transmit a greater force to deform the strut arm until the car underframe is flattened and the tension in the arms of the strut is substantially the same.

Furthermore, in document EP 1292478, each device does not take into account the problem of safe mounting of the support bars of the two end platforms, nor does it adjust the distance between the arms of the support bar fork and the end platform on which the fork is mounted.

Detailed description of the preferred embodiments

The object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art of railway carriages of the type described above by proposing a new connecting device intended to connect an end platform with a mechanical arm of a support bar.

The present invention is directed to the use of a railway carriage for road-rail intermodal and road truck loading/unloading, said carriage comprising:

-two end platforms equipped with bogies;

a support rod connecting each end platform, comprising an intermediate part which is extensible on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the railway car, the intermediate part of the support rod being provided with a double-armed fork at each of its longitudinal ends.

-a rotatable carrying structure for road transport, the rotatable carrying structure being separable from the end platforms and mounted on the support bars between the side end platforms;

-a connecting device for connecting the more free end of the arms of the fork with the ends of the end platform;

the further free end of each arm of the fork is characterized by comprising a perforated horizontal disc, each connecting device comprising:

-a tab comprising:

the first part is connected to the more free end of the fork arm, the first part of the tab comprises two parallel horizontal discs with perforations, between which is the more free end of the fork arm,

a second part connected to or integral with the first part, said second part being connected by a threaded rod to a free end with a corresponding thread, directed to the end platform;

-a shaft is passed through the further free end of the yoke arm and the tab bore for assembling the tab with said yoke arm;

-a receiving member connected to or integral with the end platform, the member having a bore through which the pull ring screw can engage;

-a nut fastened to the threaded end of the pull ring screw, which screw leads to the other end of the receiving part bore; and

-a lock nut fastened to the tab screw between the receiving part and the first portion of the tab;

the nut and locknut support and secure the receiving component so that the ring pull screw of the receiving component remains stationary.

The distance between each fork arm on the supporting rod and the end platform of the fixed arm can be conveniently adjusted by fastening or loosening the nut at the threaded end of the screw rod of the inner pull ring of each connecting device. Similarly, the support rods can be conveniently adjusted so as to ensure the geometric plane of the carriage underframe and ensure the stable connection between the two end platforms.

According to an example, the nut of each coupling device has an annular groove, which is located on the surface of the nut beside the receiving part. The annular groove reduces the rigidity of the nut and the mechanical stress generated by the thread during the first screwing. The groove can greatly prolong the service life of the nut connected with the mechanical arm, and the thread of the nut bears the pulling force in each direction.

The locknut limits movement of the support bar relative to the end platform when subjected to pressure shocks, particularly during loading/unloading operations.

According to an embodiment of the invention, each connection device further comprises a fixing and safety device capable of preventing the nut from rotating. Also, if the desired geometry of the support rod is obtained, the geometry can be prevented from deforming by tightening the nuts.

According to the operating example, the tab screw should comprise at least one longitudinal groove, the nut fixing and safety device should comprise a nut stop mounted on the nut, the central bore should comprise at least one anti-slip groove, projecting in the direction of said central bore, the stop being mounted on the tab screw via a plurality of anti-slip channels in at least one of the longitudinal grooves of said screw. The device facilitates preventing rotation of the tab about the longitudinal axis of the screw.

According to a supplementary operating example, the nut stop is fixed to the nut by means of at least one rotary locking screw. Also, preventing rotation of the tab is beneficial to the safety of the device itself.

According to the operation example, each connecting device should include a stop nut limiting component, the stop nut limiting component is fixed on the fixed end of the stop nut, the other limiting end is opposite to the fixed end and extends to the support rod, and the limiting end at least passes through two parallel horizontal discs of the pull ring, so as to prevent the stop nut from rotating relative to the pull ring. The stop feature also facilitates protecting the threads of the pull ring.

According to the operating example, each connecting device should also comprise a support ring which is mounted on the ring bolt between the receiving part and the nut, the nut needs to be a ball nut and the spherical part of the ball should be directed towards the support ring, the contact surface of the support ring should be in the form of a concave ball. In a similar way, the spherical coupling of the pull ring screw rod and the receiving part of the end platform are more conveniently connected.

According to an additional operating example, each coupling means should comprise a washer mounted on the ring-pull screw between the receiving part and the locknut. The washer facilitates the tightening of the locknut on the receiving member of the end platform.

According to an additional operating example, the washer should be a protruding washer. The protruding washer should abut the locknut but should not be flat to maintain the connection of the nut ball coupling.

According to the working example shown, the horizontal discs of the more remote free ends of the fork arms and/or the respective horizontal discs of the first part of the tab should be substantially oval-shaped. The contact surface of the support lever arm to which the pull ring is connected is therefore large, which enables the entire rotational movement between the parts to be transmitted along the longitudinal axis of the fork. The configuration of the horizontal disc also provides a stable and secure hinge between each pull ring and the support lever arm connected to the pull ring.

According to the operational example shown, the receiving member has the appearance of a fixed handle, orthogonal to the surface of the end platform to which the receiving member is to be fixed or attached.

According to the working example shown, the receiving part should be provided with a sleeve fitted in the bore for connection with the ring-pull screw. The sleeve can prevent the pull ring screw rod from being worn by the receiving part of the end platform where the sleeve is located.

According to the operating example, each connection device should be provided with an additional connection device which can engage the free end of the fork arm with the end platform in the event of a failure of the tab screw to connect with the end platform. The additional attachment means provides additional protection and facilitates the prevention of the tab from falling off the end platform to which it is attached.

According to an additional operational example, an additional connection device comprises:

-a single-piece fixing element fixed or attached to said horizontal disc of the fork, the fixing element being able to extend longitudinally along the fork arm to the end platform and having the shape of an elongated through hole;

-a fixed vertical shaft fastened to the end platform and passing through the long through hole of the fixed part.

After modulation, the additional connection means become more economical, robust, efficient and easy to operate. The oval appearance is favorable to each bracing piece free removal on the platform, and this is also convenient for adjust through the nut, if break down, especially when the nut breaks down, still can fix the pull ring of end platform.

According to the operating example shown, each connection means should comprise a base with which each end platform is provided, into which at least part of the ring-pull screw, the fixing part, the fixing vertical shaft and the aperture of the receiving part should be inserted. Thus, the most vulnerable parts of the connecting device are protected in the base.

According to the operating example shown, each attachment means should comprise an additional safety device for the end platform, which additional safety device should be equipped with a safety line under the tab as close as possible to the tab. This additional safety feature provides additional protection and facilitates the support of the tab by the arms, thereby preventing the tab from being impacted or bearing excessively or from falling off the attached end platform.

The connection device according to the invention also makes it possible to adjust the distance between the end platforms to which the arms of the prongs are connected and presents various devices aimed at ensuring the safety of the assembly and at restoring the connection function in the event of a failure. And the safest guarantee is provided for connecting the supporting rod and the end platform.

Drawings

Other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic overall view of a railway car of an intermodal highway truck including two end platforms carrying bogies supporting rotatable load bearing structures of the highway truck, wherein the rotatable structures are shown in a split configuration;

fig. 2 is a full view of a railway car according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the wagon of the present invention, wherein the rotatable structure is not present;

FIG. 4 is a top view corresponding to FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a detailed view of the encircled portion of FIG. 4;

fig. 6 is a bottom view corresponding to fig. 5;

FIG. 7 is a detailed view of the encircled portion of FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 is a detailed view of the encircled portion of FIG. 6;

FIG. 9 is a detailed bottom view of the tab screw installation in the end platform receiving member with the safety line of the attachment safety device not shown;

FIG. 10 is a view similar to FIG. 9, but at the other end of the nut, with the safety line of the supplemental safety device shown;

fig. 11 is a horizontal cross-sectional view corresponding to fig. 9;

FIG. 12 is a full view of a tab according to the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a detailed top view of a variation of the invention including an additional attachment means wherein the base mates with each end platform;

FIG. 14 is a detailed bottom view of the base mating with each end platform of the variation of the invention depicted in FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a detailed top view of a variation of the invention depicted in the drawing portion of FIG. 13; wherein the end platform is not shown;

FIG. 16 is a detailed bottom view of a variation of the invention of the drawing portion of FIG. 13; and

FIG. 17 is a horizontal sectional view corresponding to FIG. 16;

Detailed Description

Structurally and functionally identical parts are indicated in the different figures by the same reference numerals or letter references.

The railway carriage (1) according to the invention is suitable for road-rail transport of road trucks and loading/unloading thereof, in particular for semitrailers. Fig. 1 schematically shows such a railway car (1).

As shown in fig. 1, the railway carriage (1) according to the invention comprises two end platforms (2) connected by a support bar (3) and equipped with a bogie (4). According to the invention, the railway carriage (1) can be moved on a railway by means of the assembly (2, 3). The support bar (3) connects the two end platforms (2) by a connecting device (not shown). Optimally, all the connecting devices are arranged at the bottoms of the supporting rods (3) and the end platforms (2).

The support bar (3) according to the invention is illustrated by means of fig. 2.

The assembly (2,3) consists of an end platform (2) and a support rod (3) and supports a rotatable bearing structure (5) of a highway truck. The support bar (3) is provided with a pivot (6) by means of which a rotatable structure (5) can be brought into a reciprocating rotary motion along a horizontal plane, which rotatable structure can be rotated from a transport position along the longitudinal axis of the railway carriage (1) to a loading/unloading position perpendicular or inclined to the transport position when being transported to the quay.

In the loading/unloading position, the rotatable structure (5) will be opened at both ends and allow personnel to enter it from the quay, where the operator can carry out loading or unloading work of road trucks inside or outside the rotatable structure (5).

When being in the transportation position, rotatable structure (5) and two end platforms (2) are mutually connected and aligned along the longitudinal axis of railway carriage (1), and the both ends of rotatable structure (5) are acted by end platform (2), are in the closed condition.

When the rotatable structure (5) is in the transport position, the alternative rotatable structure (5) is vertically displaceable relative to the two end platforms (2) by means of a leverage mechanism outside the cabin, by means of which the alternative rotatable structure (5) can be separated from the two end platforms (2) and freely rotated relative to the latter. In this way, the selectable rotary structure (5) can be adjusted in the high position or in the low position.

A mechanical mechanism, usually of the carport type appearance and designed specifically for the pivot (6) of the support bar (3), allows to remove the support bar (3) of the rotatable structure (5) when the carriage is in the open condition. In general, the rotatable structure (5) comprises a transverse loading tray (7) having lateral protective partitions (8) on either side of its longitudinal edge and a longitudinal beam (9) at the upper end of the partitions. These upper longitudinal beams (9) are generally used to support the rotatable structure (5) and to make the latter more secure.

The rotatable structure (5) is shown only in fig. 1 and 6.

The railway carriage (1) according to the invention also comprises two connection systems (10) which combine the rotatable structure (5) and the two end platforms (2) in a detachable manner when the rotatable structure (5) is in the transport position. Thus, there should be a connection system (10) between each end platform (2) and the end points (2,5) of the rotatable structure (5).

As shown, each coupling system (10) generally comprises a male coupler (10a) at the end of the upper longitudinal beam (9) and a female coupler (10b) or receiving member protruding from both ends of the interior of the two end platforms (2), and the male coupler (10a) of the rotatable structure (5) is detachably disengaged from the female coupler (10b) or receiving member protruding from the end platforms (2).

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a support rod (3) of the present invention comprises a central member (11) which is extendable along the longitudinal axis of a railway car (1) to both sides thereof, and a two-armed (13) fork member (12) which is mounted on each of the longitudinal ends of the central member of the support rod (3).

As shown in fig. 4, the connecting means (15) connecting the support bar (3) with the end platform (2) serves as the free end (14) of the arm (13) of each fork (12). Similarly, the railway carriage (1) according to the invention comprises four connecting devices (15) for connecting the support bar (3) to the two end platforms (2).

It is noted that the upper part of the connection system (10) is subjected to the transverse and longitudinal stresses that occur between the transverse loading tray (7) and the two end platforms (2). At the bottom, vertical stresses acting on the two end platforms (2) for carrying the rotatable structure (5) are received by the support rods (3). The supporting rods (3) only bear the sudden stress of the end platform (2), namely the supporting rods can prevent the end platform (2) from rotating around the horizontal axis of the railway carriage (1) to rotating around the vertical axis.

As shown in fig. 5 to 11, each connection means (15) comprises a tab (16) in the form of a first portion (17) connected to the free end (14) of the arm (13) of the fork (12), the first portion (17) of the tab (16) comprising two parallel horizontal discs (18a, 18b) with perforations (19) between which the free end (14) of the arm (13) of the fork (12) is positioned. Each tab (16) also comprises a second portion (20) connected to or integral with the first portion (17), said second portion (20) being connected by a screw (21) to a free end (22) having a corresponding thread, oriented towards the end platform (2).

The tab (16) is shown only in figure 12.

Each connecting device (15) also comprises an axis passing perpendicularly through the free end through hole (24) of the arm (13) of the fork (12) and the through hole (19) of the tab (16), so as to assemble the tab (16) in a rotating manner with the arm (13) of the fork (12) in the same horizontal plane (23).

Each connecting device (15) comprises a receiving part (25) associated with the end platform (2) or corresponding to a given part, provided with a through hole through which the screw (21) of the tab (16) can be inserted through the through hole (26); so that the threaded portion (22) of the screw (21) can pass to the other end of the through hole (26).

Each coupling device (15) further comprises a nut (27) fastened to the threaded end (22) of the shank (21) of the tab (16), and a locknut (28) fastened to the shank (21) of the tab (16) between the receiving part (25) and the first part (17) of the tab (16). A nut (27) and a locknut (28) support and secure the receiving part (25) to hold the pull ring (16) screw (21) of the receiving part (25) stationary.

It should be noted that the thread of the screw (21) and the thread of the nut (27) should preferably be round threads to ensure smooth operation and reduce unnecessary tightening operations.

According to an embodiment, each connection device (15) further comprises a fixing (27) and a safety device (29) able to prevent the nut (27) from rotating.

Similarly, according to the example shown, the shank (21) of the tab (16) should comprise at least one, preferably two, longitudinal grooves (30), the fixing and safety means (29) of the nut (27) should comprise a nut stop (31) mounted on the nut (27), the central hole (32) should comprise at least one anti-slip groove, an anti-slip groove (33) projecting in the direction of said central hole (32), the stop (31) being mounted on the shank (21) of the tab (16) via a plurality of anti-slip grooves (33) in at least one more longitudinal groove (30) of said shank (21) for preventing the nut (27) from rotating.

As shown in fig. 10, the nut stop (31) is preferably provided by at least one screw-threaded nut (27), preferably at least two screws (34,35), indicating that the screws should have means to prevent their rotation.

In this case, it is preferable to use a hexagon screw (34) which can be tightened by a thin stopper (36), and a support seat (37) which can support the head of the hexagon screw (34).

A male stop washer (38) may also be used to prevent rotation of the screw.

According to the operating embodiment shown, at least two screws are used to fix the nut stop (31) to the nut (27), the first of which is a hex screw (34) screwed by a thin stop (36); the other screw is a hollow cylindrical screw (35), such as an Allen or Torx screw, for connection with a male spacing washer (38).

As shown in fig. 9 and 12, each connecting device (15) includes a nut stopper (39) fixed to a fixed end (40) of the nut (28), and a second stopper (41) opposite to the fixed end (40) and extending to the support rod (3). The limiting end (41) penetrates at least two parallel horizontal discs (18a, 18b) of the pull ring (16) and is used for preventing the locknut (28) from rotating relative to the pull ring (16).

Preferably, each connecting device (15) comprises a support ring (42) mounted on the shank (21) of the pull ring (16) between the receiving part (25) and the nut (27), the nut (27) preferably being a ball nut (27) and the spherical part (43) of the ball being intended to face the support ring (42), the contact surface (44) of the support ring (42) being intended to be in the form of a concave ball.

Each connecting means (15) preferably comprises a washer (45) mounted on the shank (21) of the pull ring (16) between the receiving part (25) and the locknut (28). The gasket is preferably a protruding gasket.

The free end of the arms (13) of the fork (12) should comprise a horizontal disc (46) in which the perforations (24) should be made. The preferred shapes of the horizontal disc (46) of the arm (13) of the support rod (3) and the horizontal discs (18a, 18b) of the pull ring (16) are oval.

According to the operating embodiment shown, the receiving part (25) has the appearance of a fixed handle (47) orthogonal to the surface of the end platform (2) to which it is to be fixed or connected.

The receiving part (25) is preferably provided with a sleeve (48) mounted in the bore (26) for contact with the screw (21) of the tab (16).

According to the operating embodiment shown in figures 13 to 17, each connection means (15) should be equipped with an additional connection means (49) able to engage the free end (14) of the arm (13) of the fork (12) with the end platform (2) in the event of failure of the connection of the screw (21) with the end platform (2) using the tab (16).

According to an example, each additional connection means (49) comprises a fixing element (50) fixed or attached to the horizontal disc (46) of the fork (12) and extending longitudinally along the arm (13) of the fork (12) to the end platform (2). The fixing element (50) is shaped as a long through hole (51) through which a vertical fixing shaft (52) fastened to the end platform (2) passes.

As shown in fig. 13 to 17, the railway car (1) should have a redundant solution to the base locking between the support bar (3) and each end platform (2). According to this case, each connecting device (15) comprises a base (53) for each end platform (2), into which at least part of the screw (21) of the pull ring (16) and the fixing element (50) are inserted. Similarly, the fixed vertical shaft (52) and the through hole (26) of the receiving part (25) should also be included in the base (53).

Finally, the connecting devices (15) should preferably use an additional safety device (54) for the end platform (2), which should be equipped with a safety line (55) under the pull ring (16) as close as possible to the pull ring (16).

The present description is not limited to the examples explicitly presented, but also includes other models that have been implemented or used. Therefore, the technical features described may be replaced by equivalent technical features without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the appended claims, and the implementation steps of the method described may be replaced by equivalent steps without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the claims.

Claims

1. Railway carriage (1) suitable for road-rail intermodal transportation of goods wagons and loading/unloading thereof, said carriage comprising:

-two end platforms (2) equipped with bogies (4);

-a support bar (3) for connecting the two end platforms (2) and comprising a central part (11) which is extensible along the longitudinal axis of the railway carriage (1) on both sides, the central part (11) of the support bar (3) being provided with a double-armed (13) fork (12) at each of its longitudinal ends;

-a rotatable carrying structure (5) for road transport, said rotatable carrying structure being separable from the end platforms (2) and mounted on the support bar (3) between the end platforms (2);

-a connecting device (15) for connecting the more free end (14) of the arms (13) of the fork (12) to the ends of the end platform (2);

the arms (13) of the fork (12) have a far free end (14) characterized by comprising a perforated horizontal disc (46), each connecting device (15) comprising:

-the tab (16) comprises:

a first portion (17) connected to the free ends (14) of the arms (13) of the fork (12), the first portion (17) of the tab (16) comprising two parallel perforated horizontal discs (18a, 18b) between which are the more free ends of the arms (13) of the fork (12),

a second portion (20) connected to or integral with the first portion (17), said second portion (20) being connected to a free end with a corresponding thread by means of a screw (21), directed to the end platform (2);

-a shaft is pierced through the further free end of the arms (13) of the fork (12) and the tab (16) in order to assemble (23) the tab (16) with the arms (13) of the fork (12);

-a receiving member (25) connected to or integral with the end platform (2), the member having a through hole through which the pull tab (16) screw (21) can be engaged;

-a nut (27) fastened to the threaded end (22) of the screw (21) of the tab (16), said screw opening out at the other end of the bore of the receiving part (25); and

-a lock nut (28) fastened to the screw (21) of the tab (16) between the receiving part (25) and the first part (17) of the tab (16);

a nut (27) and a locknut (28) support and secure the receiving part (25) to hold the pull ring (16) screw (21) of the receiving part (25) stationary.

2. Railway carriage (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the nut (27) of each coupling device (15) has an annular groove (56) which is located on the surface of the nut (27) beside the receiving part (25).

3. Railway carriage (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: each coupling device (15) also comprises a fixing (27) and a safety device (29) which prevent the nut (27) from rotating.

4. Railway carriage (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that: the screw (21) of the pull ring (16) comprises at least one longitudinal groove (30), the fixing and safety device (29) of the nut (27) comprises a nut stop (31) mounted on the nut (27), the central through hole (32) comprises at least one anti-slip groove (33), the central through hole is perforated, and the stop (31) is mounted on the screw (21) of the pull ring (16) through a plurality of anti-slip grooves (33) in at least one or more longitudinal grooves (30) of the screw (21).

5. Railway carriage (1) according to claim, characterized in that the nut stop (31) is fixed to the nut (27) by means of at least one rotary locking screw.

6. A railway carriage (1) as claimed in the preceding claim, characterized in that: each connecting device (15) comprises a locknut limiting part (39), the limiting part is fixed at a fixed end (40) of the locknut (28), the other limiting end (41) is opposite to the fixed end (40) and extends to the support rod (3), and the limiting end (41) at least penetrates through two parallel horizontal discs (18a, 18b) of the pull ring (16) to prevent the locknut (28) from rotating relative to the pull ring (16).

7. A railway carriage (1) as claimed in the preceding claim, characterized in that: each connecting device (15) also comprises a support ring (42) which is arranged on the screw (21) of the pull ring (16) and is positioned between the receiving part (25) and the nut (27), the nut (27) is a ball nut (27), the spherical part (43) of the ball is arranged towards the support ring (42), and the contact surface (44) of the support ring (42) is in a concave ball shape.

8. A railway carriage (1) as claimed in the preceding claim, characterized in that: each connecting means (15) should comprise a washer (45) mounted on the shank (21) of the tab (16) between the receiving part (25) and the locknut (28).

9. Railway carriage (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that: the gasket (45) is a protruding gasket (45).

10. A railway carriage (1) as claimed in the preceding claim, characterized in that: the horizontal discs of the free ends of the arms (13) of the fork (12) and/or the respective horizontal discs of the first part (17) of the tab (16) should be substantially oval in appearance.

11. A railway carriage (1) as claimed in the preceding claim, characterized in that: the receiving part (25) has the appearance of a fixed handle (47) orthogonal to the surface of the end platform (2) to which the receiving part is to be fixed or attached.

12. A railway carriage as claimed in the preceding claim characterized by: the receiving part (25) should be provided with a sleeve (48) fitted in the bore to facilitate the attachment of the tab (16) to the screw (21).

13. A railway carriage (1) as claimed in the preceding claim, characterized in that: each connecting means (15) is provided with an additional connecting means (49) capable of engaging the free end of the arm (13) of the fork (12) with the end platform (2) in the event of failure of the screw (21) of the tab (16) to connect with the end platform (2).

14. Railway carriage (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that: each additional connection device (49) should comprise:

-a single-piece fixing element (50) fixed or attached to the horizontal disc of said fork (12), the fixing element (50) being able to extend longitudinally along the arms (13) of the fork (12) to the end platform (2) and being shaped as an elongated through hole (51);

-a fixed vertical shaft (52) fastened to the end platform (2) and passing through the long through hole (51) of the fixed part (50).

15. Railway carriage (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that: each connecting device (15) comprises a base (53) for each end platform (2), into which at least part of the threaded rod (21) of the pull ring (16), the fixing part (50), the fixing vertical shaft (52) and the bore of the receiving part (25) are inserted.

16. Railway carriage (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that: each connecting device (15) should comprise an additional safety device (54) for the end platform (2), which additional safety device should be equipped with a safety line (55) under the pull ring (16) as close as possible to the pull ring (16).