CN111376724A - 用于为电容器放电的电动车辆系统 - Google Patents

用于为电容器放电的电动车辆系统 Download PDF

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CN111376724A
CN111376724A CN201911389491.2A CN201911389491A CN111376724A CN 111376724 A CN111376724 A CN 111376724A CN 201911389491 A CN201911389491 A CN 201911389491A CN 111376724 A CN111376724 A CN 111376724A
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capacitor
heater
power rail
switching
discharge
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CN111376724B (zh
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J·A·恩格尔
S·S·格伯
A·M·赖斯
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • B60L1/04—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits fed by the power supply line
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
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    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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Abstract

一种车辆电气系统，包括电池，电池的端子为正电力导轨以及负电力导轨(3、4)供电，电池被连接至一个或多个车辆设备(1、8)以为其供电或充电。设备包括电容器(1、8)。系统也包括至少一个加热设备(17)以及开关(19)，以允许电容器放电流过加热设备(17)。

Description

用于为电容器放电的电动车辆系统
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆系统，并且特别但非专属地适用于电动车辆。具体而言，它涉及为车辆系统的电容器放电的方法。
背景技术
车辆电气系统(诸如，空调、牵引)以及其他系统通常包括庞大并且高容量的电容器。在某些情形下，这些电容器需要被安全地放电。当前，需要额外的电路/组件以进行放电。这就增加了成本以及重量。本发明的目的在于降低成本以及对于昂贵的额外电路的需要。
发明内容
在本发明的一个方面，提供了一种车辆电系统，包括电池，该电池的端子为正电力导轨以及负电力导轨供电，所述电池被连接至一个或多个车辆设备以为该一个或多个车辆设备供电，所述设备包括或包含电容器；并且进一步包括至少一个加热设备；并且包括用于允许电容器放电流过加热电阻的装置。
所述电容器可以是电动车辆的大容量电容器。
所述加热器可以是(主)电池或大容量电容器集热器。
所述加热电阻可以被连接至所述电力导轨的每一端，并且其中加热电阻的端子中的一个经由开关装置连接至相应的电力导轨，该开关装置被适配用于在连接状态与断开状态之间切换，在该连接状态下，所述电容器能够通过允许电流流过加热电阻来放电。
所述开关装置可以是加热器控制器的一部分。
所述开关装置可由来自电子控制单元(ECU)的输入控制。
所述电容可以是电动车辆的大容量电容器，其与开关设备串联定位或直接定位，并且电连接至所述电力导轨，并且其中用于允许所述电容器放电的装置包括开关装置，该开关装置连接在电容器与开关设备之间的点与加热电阻的端子之间。
系统可包括与所述开关装置串联的二极管，所述开关装置电连接在所述点与所述端子之间。
附图说明
现在参照附图通过示例的方式来描述本发明，其中：
图1示出了用于电容放电的现有技术系统；
图2示出了根据一个示例的系统；并且
图3示出了根据进一步优化的示例的系统。
具体实施方式
图1示出了示意性电路图，该示意性电路图示出了两条线或导轨3/4，其连接至车辆电池的两个端子中的一个。所以，一个导轨，例如顶部导轨3是正导轨，并且一个导轨4，例如底部导轨是负导轨。正导轨3以及负导轨4进一步为如箭头A指示的在附图的右手侧上的车辆系统以及组件(未示出)供电。这些系统以及组件可以是例如空调(aircon)、牵引(traction)等，并且可包括需要放电的电容或(多个)电容器8。
在电动车辆的情况下，通常包括大容量电容器1，其具有电池电压之间的连接，即，跨越正导轨3以及负导轨4。与电容器串联的是开关设备5，该开关设备5可包括例如IGBT以及继电器。这允许了对于大容量电容器1的充电以及放电的控制。
车辆系统(诸如空调系统以及牵引系统)通常包括例如大电容器，该大电容器在某些情形下需要快速放电，例如，在关键情况下，例如，如果车辆系统指示紧急或潜在的危险情况，则出于安全目的而需要快速放电。因此，概括地讲，由8表示的一个或多个(例如，高电压)电容器需要被带动至安全水平，这可以通过来自ECU(电子/发动机控制单元)的控制放电命令来完成。
大容量电容器1的放电和/或其他电容器8的放电均由相对昂贵的设备6提供，该设备6从电容器8(允许由箭头2所示的正确的放电路径)提供放电功能，并且由放电信号7控制。
所以，换言之，本布置提供了以如下方式控制大容量电容器1以及沿着正导轨3以及负导轨4定位的任何进一步电容器8中的放电的能力，该方式中，设备6限制瞬时电流，并且在给定时间内足够快地将电压下降至安全状态(在由放电信号7触发放电功能后，在小于2秒的时间内将电压降至小于60V)。
安全放电设备6需要散热，这会导致额外的成本以及空间。所涉及的开关仅用于此目的，并且由于必须检测到休眠故障，因此需要激活开关以用于测试。这是一种风险，因为一旦出现缺陷，系统可能会过热。该复杂性当前由市场接受。
根据本发明的各个方面，也利用了车辆加热器设备中的加热器电阻以为电容器8放电。例如车辆加热器设备可以是用于加热电容器组和/或主电池的加热器，但也可以是任何加热器。加热器设备也根据本发明的示例被用于为电容器放电。对于电动车辆，优选地使用用于预热电容器组或主电池的加热器。在本发明的方面中，加热器电阻被用于在为电容器放电时承受负载。因此，加热器电阻被有效地用于两个功能。
图2示出了根据一个方面的电路。其与图1相似，并且相同的组件具有相同的附图标记。同样，该附图示出了两条线或导轨3、4，其分别被连接至车辆电池的两个端子中的一个，车辆电池可被视作定位于右手侧。顶部导轨3为正导轨，并且底部导轨4为负导轨。正导轨3以及负导轨4也进一步为车辆系统以及组件(如箭头A所示出的)供电，包括由电容器8表示的电容器。在电动车辆中，如所示地提供了大容量电容器1，其具有电池电压之间，即，跨越正导轨以及负导轨的连接。与电容器8串联的开关设备5，该开关设备5可包括例如IGBT以及继电器。这允许了对于电容器8的充电的控制。应注意，出于本发明电容器8被放电的示例的目的，大容量电容器1以及开关设备5并不是必要特征。
附图标记17表示加热器设备的加热电阻，例如，用于加热大容量电容器或主电池，并由加热器控制级19控制。加热器设备17以及加热器控制级19以例如串联的方式连接至电池/电源。加热器控制级19具有输入20，其是与参考图1的放电信号7相似的放电控制，并且可来自ECU，并且是在例如紧急情况下为电容器8放电以将其带至例如安全水平的命令。
所以，在本发明的各个方面中，加热器电阻也被用于为电容器8放电——由此，通过加热器控制级19中的适当的切换和控制，加热器设备17具有额外的功能。由于加热器电阻被设计以用于获取用于加热的大量电流，因此加热器电阻能够在较小的时间间隔中释放大量电流，并且以此方式，消除了对于额外设备6的需要，并且节省了组件成本。慢放电路径由加热器控制级19以及加热器设备17形成。此次，加热器控制级19被适配用于提供并且控制来自电容器的放电。
加热器设备17以及加热器控制级19可作为加热器功能的一部分测试或被测试以用于检测休眠故障。加热器设备17的稳健性远优于市面上目前的放电电路。由于加热器设备17被嵌入系统中，因此它能够实现所需要的可靠性，而使用远程连接设备是无法实现该可靠性的。
图3示出了进一步增强的实施例，其可被提供以用于具有大容量电容器的电动车辆。它与图2相似，但是还包括从点(图中在充电器/大容量电容器1的一侧与开关设备5之间以X标记)经由带有二极管18的开关设备16到加热器设备17的连接。这提供了从正导轨3以及负导轨4获取电力以经由加热器控制级19为车辆中的充电器(除了沿着正导轨3以及负导轨4)中的大容量电容器1放电的能力。同样，可使用适当的控制信号(例如，来自ECU)来(经由开关)控制加热器以便允许大容量电容器1的放电。
当然，该布置可被用于控制来自大容量电容器1和/或其他(系统)电容器8的放电。
改进了复杂性、故障模式、成本以及动态行为。重复使用稳健的加热器以省去当前使用的放电解决方案。

Claims (8)

1.一种车辆电动系统，包括：
正电力导轨(3)，所述正电力导轨(3)可连接至电池的正端；
负电力导轨(4)，所述负电力导轨(4)可连接至电池的负端；
一个或多个车辆设备，所述一个或多个车辆设备连接至所述正电力导轨(3)以及所述负电力导轨(4)，由此使得所述一个或多个车辆设备获得电力，或由所述电池充电，其中，所述一个或多个车辆设备包括电容器(1、8)；
加热器设备(17)；以及
装置(16、19、20)，所述装置(16、19、20)允许来自所述电容器(1、8)的电容器放电流过所述加热设备(17)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述电容器(1、8)是电动车辆的大容量电容器(1)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述加热设备(17)是电池加热器或大容量电容器加热器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述加热设备(17)在第一端处连接至所述正电力导轨(3)以及所述负电力导轨(4)中的一个，并且其中所述加热设备的第二端经由开关装置(19)连接至所述正电力导轨(3)以及所述负电力导轨(4)中的另一个，所述开关装置(19)被适配用于在连接状态与断开状态之间切换，在所述连接状态下，所述电容器(1、8)能够通过允许电流流过所述加热器设备(17)来放电。
5.根据权利要求4所述的系统，其特征在于，所述开关装置(19)是控制所述加热设备(17)的加热器控制器的一部分。
6.根据权利要求4所述的系统，其特征在于，所述开关装置(19)是由来自电子控制单元(ECU)的输入(20)控制。
7.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述电容器(1、8)是电动车辆的大容量电容器(1)，所述大容量电容器(1)与开关设备(5)串联地定位或直接定位，并且在所述正电力导轨(3)与所述负电力导轨(4)之间电连接，并且其中允许所述电容器(1、8)放电的所述装置包括开关装置(16)，所述开关装置(16)连接在所述大容量电容器(1)与所述开关设备(5)之间的点(X)与所述加热设备(17)的一端之间。
8.根据权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于，包括二极管(18)，所述二极管(18)与所述开关装置(16)串联，所述开关装置(16)连接在所述点(X)与所述加热器设备(17)的所述一端之间。
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