CN111384749B - 用于为电容器充电的车辆电气系统 - Google Patents

用于为电容器充电的车辆电气系统 Download PDF

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CN111384749B
CN111384749B CN201911375458.4A CN201911375458A CN111384749B CN 111384749 B CN111384749 B CN 111384749B CN 201911375458 A CN201911375458 A CN 201911375458A CN 111384749 B CN111384749 B CN 111384749B
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heater
power rail
bulk capacitor
switching device
capacitor
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CN111384749A (zh
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J·A·恩格尔
S·S·格伯
A·M·赖斯
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/023—Industrial applications
    • H05B1/0236—Industrial applications for vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • B60L1/04—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits fed by the power supply line
    • B60L1/10—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits fed by the power supply line with provision for using different supplies
    • B60L1/12—Methods and devices for control or regulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/55—Capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations

Abstract

一种电动车辆系统，包括：电池，该电池的端子为正电力导轨以及负电力导轨(2、3)供电；并且包括大容量电容器(1)，该大容量电容器(1)与开关设备(5)串联地定位，并且在电力导轨(2、3)之间电连接。具有加热电阻的加热器(17)与加热器开关(19)串联连接，并且电连接在电力导轨(2、3)之间。链路电连接在大容量电容器(1)与开关设备(5)之间的点(X)到加热电阻与加热器开关(19)之间的点之间。

Description

用于为电容器充电的车辆电气系统
技术领域
本申请涉及电动车辆并且特别适用于被改进以控制此类车辆的电容器(包括大容量电容器)的充电的装置。
背景技术
电动车辆通常在使用中包括大容量电容器。它们被用于存储电荷，特别例如是在高负载应用中。控制此类大容量电容器的充电是必要的，并且出于此目的，需要定制电路以及昂贵的组件以仔细地控制充电。本发明的目的是降低此类电路以及组件的复杂性以及成本。
发明内容
在本发明的一个方面中，提供了电动车辆系统，该电动车辆系统包括：电池，该电池的端子为正电力导轨以及负电力导轨供电；并且包括大容量电容器，该大容量电容器与开关设备串联地定位，并且电连接在所述电力导轨之间；并且包括加热器，该加热器具有加热电阻，该加热器与加热器开关串联连接，并且电连接在所述电力导轨之间；并且进一步包括链路，该链路电连接在所述大容量电容器与所述开关设备之间的点到所述加热电阻与所述加热器开关之间的点之间。
所述链路可包括开关装置。
所述链路中的所述开关装置可被适配用于被选择性地切换以提供流动路径，由此使得电流能够流过所述链路以及加热器电阻以为所述电容器充电。
所述系统可包括阻断设备或二极管，其被适配用于在一个方向上防止流过链路。
术语“链路”可被解释为(例如，两个点之间的)电连接，并且链路中的开关装置是定位于链路中的用于激活或禁用电连接的开关。
附图说明
现在参照附图通过示例的方式来描述本发明，其中：
图1示出了现有技术大容量电容器充电系统；并且
图2示出了根据一个方面的大容量电容器充电系统。
具体实施方式
图1示出了示意性电路图，该示意性电路图示出了现有技术系统中电动车辆中的大容量电容器1的连接。图中示出了两个电力/电压线或导轨2、3，其被连接至两个端子中的一个；车辆电池可被视作被定位于附图的左手侧上。顶部导轨为正导轨，底部导轨为负导轨。导轨也进一步为车辆设备、系统以及组件供电(如箭头所指示的)。大容量电容器1被示出在电池电压之间，即，跨越正导轨2以及负导轨3具有连接。
与大容量电容器1串联的是开关设备5，该开关设备5可包括例如IGBT以及继电器。这允许了对于大容量电容器1的充电以及放电的控制。提供了与开关设备5并联的进一步设备4，该进一步设备4的功能是控制大容量电容器1的充电/放电的软接通电路/开关。该设备相对昂贵，并且可以包括开关以及正温度系数(PTC)电阻器，并且被设计成用于承受进入其中的电荷，并且可包括特殊的预充电能力。
因此，总而言之，本布置提供了以设备4通过添加与大容量电容器1串联的电阻器或PTC电阻器(自调节设备)来限制电流的方式控制大容量电容器1中从正导轨2以及负导轨3中获得的电荷的能力。这将随着时间的推移而扩散电压斜坡，从而产生系统能够提供的较低电流。
一旦大容量电容器1两端的电荷在正确的范围中，被实现为开关或FET或继电器的开关设备5将大容量电容器1以较低损耗直接跨接到正导轨2以及负导轨3。开关设备5被旁路。其并不产生任何进一步损耗。调节设备4的成本、空间以及复杂性/故障模式是当前被市场接受的额外成本。
在本发明的多个方面中，利用车辆加热器设备中的加热器电阻来对大容量电容器进行充电/放电。加热器设备可以是被用于加热大容量电容器1(组)的加热器，但也可以是任何加热器。
图2示出了根据本发明的一个方面的布置。这里利用了车辆加热器设备中的加热器电阻。例如车辆加热器设备可以是用于加热电容器组或电池的加热器，但也可以是任何加热器。电容器组/电池的加热器设备的优势在于其物理接近度(靠近度)。在本发明的方面中，加热器电阻被用于在对电容器充电时承受负载。因此，加热器电阻被有效地用于两个功能。
该电路与之前的相似，具有正导轨2以及负导轨3，该正导轨2以及负导轨3与图1的正导轨2以及负导轨3实际上相同，并且被连接至对应的电池端子。导轨也进一步为车辆系统/设备以及组件(也如箭头所指示的)供电，包括例如加热器设备17，该加热器设备17包括加热电阻。大容量电容器1被示出在电池电压之间，即，跨越正导轨2以及负导轨3具有连接。与大容量电容器1串联的是开关设备5，该开关设备5可包括例如先前所述的IGBT以及继电器——该开关设备5可以与图1的开关设备5相同。具有加热电阻的加热器设备17提供热量以加热大容量电容器1，并且由加热器控制级19控制。加热器设备17以及加热器控制级19通过正导轨2以及负导轨3连接至电池/电源。
此外，具有从大容量电容器1的一个端子上的X点(大容量电容器1与开关设备5之间)经由开关设备16以及可选的阻断设备18(后两者之间为串联关系)到加热器设备17的连接。阻断设备18可有效地包括二极管。
如结合现有技术所提到的，在为电容器充电时，现有技术系统中需要额外的电路(诸如，例如图1中的设备4)以用于控制电荷，并且需要同时获取能量。这就需要稳健并且昂贵的设计，诸如图1的设备4。然而，在图2的布置中，当为大容量电容器1充电时，加热器设备17接受能量，而不是先前使用的开关设备5接受能量(即，以开关设备5的代价接受能量)，因此该能量能够被消除。加热器设备能够获取(处理)能量，因为加热电阻实际上被设计成用于获取大量电流/电力。由此，开关设备16以及阻断设备18连同到加热器设备的连接替换先前的设备4。由此，只需要相对廉价的开关设备16以及阻断设备18以替代设备4。
技术人员将轻易地知道可如何使用对加热器设备17的开关以在电容器充电/放电期间接受电流，或如何通过加热器控制级19以及开关设备16中适当的开关来影响加热器设备17的正常功能。
换言之，后续布置提供了从正导轨2以及负导轨3中获取电力以为(充电器中的)大容量电容器1充电的能力。由粗体箭头A示出的慢电荷路径是由开关设备16以及加热器设备17经由阻断设备18形成。在此期间，加热器控制级19不工作，或必须提供足够的校正状态以为大容量电容器1充电。
一旦实现了预充电，则通过开关设备5建立大容量电容器1到负导轨3的路径，并且阻断设备18在加热器设备17被加热器控制级19激活时防止功率的反向馈送。
改进了复杂性、故障模式、成本以及动态行为。利用稳健的加热器设备17以省去当前使用的PTC解决方案。

Claims (5)

1.一种电动车辆系统，包括：
正电力导轨(2)，所述正电力导轨(2)可连接至电池的正端；
负电力导轨(3)，所述负电力导轨(3)可连接至电池的负端；
大容量电容器(1)，所述大容量电容器(1)与开关设备(5)串联地定位，并且连接在所述正电力导轨(2)与所述负电力导轨(3)之间，使得所述大容量电容器(1)与所述开关设备(5)串联地电连接在所述正电力导轨(2)与所述负电力导轨(3)之间，其中，所述大容量电容器(1)布置在所述正电力导轨(2)与所述开关设备(5)之间；
加热器(17)，所述加热器(17)具有加热电阻，所述加热器(17)与加热器开关(19)串联连接，并且电连接在所述正电力导轨(2)与所述负电力导轨(3)之间，使得所述加热器(17)与所述加热器开关(19)串联地电连接在所述正电力导轨(2)与所述负电力导轨(3)之间，并且所述加热器(17)和所述加热器开关(19)在所述正电力导轨(2)与所述负电力导轨(3)之间与所述大容量电容器(1)和所述开关设备(5)并联布置，其中，所述加热器开关(19)布置在所述正电力导轨(2)与所述加热器(17)之间；以及
链路，所述链路电连接在所述大容量电容器(1)与所述开关设备(5)之间的第一点(X)与所述加热器(17)与所述加热器开关(19)之间的第二点之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述链路包括开关装置(16)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的系统，其特征在于，所述链路中的所述开关装置(16)被适配用于被选择性地切换以提供流动路径，由此使得电流能够流过所述链路以及所述加热器(17)以为所述大容量电容器(1)充电。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，包括阻断设备(18)，所述阻断设备(18)被适配用于在一个方向上防止流过所述链路。
5.根据权利要求4所述的系统，其特征在于，所述阻断设备(18)是二极管，所述二极管防止从所述第二点流动至所述第一点(X)。
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