CN111374242A - Black soldier fly feed containing waste liquid raw materials and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Black soldier fly feed containing waste liquid raw materials and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
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- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
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- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic waste treatment and black soldier fly feed preparation, and particularly relates to a black soldier fly feed containing a waste liquid raw material and a preparation method thereof, which aims to provide a method which is beneficial to improving the feeding efficiency of black soldier fly larvae on the waste liquid raw material and can promote the growth and development of black soldier flies. Meanwhile, the gel particles prepared by the method are uniform in nutrition and high in protein content, and can improve survival and growth and development of hermetia illucens larvae.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic waste treatment and preparation of black soldier fly feed, and particularly relates to black soldier fly feed containing waste liquid raw materials and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Hermetia illucens (Hermetia illucens L.) is a saprophytic Hermetia illucens, native to the americas, and is now widely distributed throughout the world, mainly between 40 degrees north and south latitude. The black soldier fly larvae are nutritional saprophytic living insects, the feeding range is extremely wide, organic wastes such as industry, agriculture and life and animal and plant remains can feed on the black soldier fly larvae, harmful bacteria in the corrosion process of the organic wastes can be digested and decomposed, the harm of the organic wastes to the environment can be reduced, and raw materials are converted into high-nutrition insect bodies and insect feces. The insect manure is a natural organic fertilizer. The polypide has high protein and high energy, and can be directly used as feed raw material for breeding industry, and can extract bioactive substances such as antibacterial peptide and chitin, thereby improving value. Therefore, the black soldier fly larvae are bred in a large batch by the organic wastes, so that the environment is protected, new feed protein and energy can be generated, and the method has good social, environment-friendly and economic benefits.
The method for treating the organic waste by utilizing the hermetia illucens is an efficient and environment-friendly treatment method, the hermetia illucens can treat solid waste such as chicken manure, pig manure and kitchen waste, and can also treat waste liquid raw materials such as breeding wastewater, domestic wastewater, expired milk and byproducts of food factories with water content of over 80%, and the waste liquid raw materials contain rich nutrient substances such as protein and fat, and are favorable for promoting the growth of the hermetia illucens. However, due to the biological characteristics of the black soldier fly larvae, the breeding of the black soldier fly larvae and the biotransformation of organic wastes still have more defects. For example, during the process of feeding organic waste by black soldier fly larvae, if the humidity of the organic waste is too high (for example, the water content of the waste liquid raw material is higher than 80%), especially domestic wastewater, breeding wastewater and the like, the black soldier fly larvae will be unwilling to feed. The conventional breeding method generally adds auxiliary materials into the waste liquid raw materials to process the waste liquid raw materials into a standard with certain dryness and humidity, so that the feeding efficiency can be improved to a certain degree, the problem of incomplete feeding still cannot be solved, and the problem of single nutrient content exists, so that the black soldier fly is not beneficial to growth and development. Therefore, there is a need for a method that is beneficial to improving the feeding efficiency of the black soldier fly larvae on the waste liquid raw materials and can promote the growth and development of the black soldier fly.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention mainly aims to provide the black soldier fly feed containing the waste liquid raw materials.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the hermetia illucens feed containing the waste liquid raw materials.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the hermetia illucens feed containing the waste liquid raw materials comprises the following components in parts by weight:
70-100 parts of waste liquid raw materials, 20-30 parts of bone meal, 10-20 parts of crab shell powder, 30-40 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of rosemary leaf powder, 30-40 parts of konjac glucomannan and 10-20 parts of gel; the waste liquid raw material has a water content of more than 80% and contains fat and protein.
The waste liquid raw materials (such as domestic wastewater, breeding wastewater and the like) contain rich nutritional ingredients such as protein, fat and the like, and have important utilization value. According to the invention, the bone meal, the crab shell powder, the soybean meal, the rosemary leaf powder, the konjac glucomannan, the gel and other components are mixed in the waste liquid raw materials, and the mixture is prepared into the gel form under the action of the konjac glucomannan and the gel, so that the treatment efficiency of the waste liquid raw materials is improved, and the prepared gel particles have comprehensive nutrition and are beneficial to the growth and development of hermetia illucens. Wherein the bone meal contains more protein, and also contains abundant minerals, fatty acids and vitamins; the crab shell powder is rich in protein, chitin and calcium; the soybean powder contains protein, carbohydrate, oil and fat and a certain amount of vitamins and minerals; the rosemary leaf powder has strong aromatic smell, has the function of removing peculiar smell, also contains various effective components such as carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid, carnosol and the like, has the effects of corrosion prevention, bacteria resistance and the like, can effectively reduce the putrefaction process of waste liquid raw materials, and reduces the pungent smell, thereby being beneficial to the feeding of hermetia illucens larvae; the konjac glucomannan has high content, large molecular weight and good water absorption, can absorb water to form gel, has strong water retention property, and can provide sugar substances for hermetia illucens; after the components are reasonably matched, the feed is comprehensive in nutrition and rich in protein content, and the growth and development of the hermetia illucens can be promoted.
Preferably, the waste liquid material comprises at least one of aquaculture wastewater, domestic wastewater, expired milk and food plant by-products having a water content of more than 80%. Of course, the invention also comprises at least one of other organic wastes with the water content of more than 80 percent
Preferably, the bone meal comprises at least one of chicken bone meal, duck bone meal, bovine bone meal, pig bone meal, sheep bone meal and fish bone meal.
Preferably, the gelling agent is gelatin.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the hermetia illucens feed containing the waste liquid raw materials, which comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities from the waste liquid raw material, adding bone meal, crab shell powder, soybean meal, rosemary leaf powder, konjac glucomannan and a gel, and uniformly mixing to prepare a gel;
s2, pressing the gel substance into granules to obtain the black soldier fly feed.
Preferably, the bone meal, the crab shell powder, the soybean meal and the rosemary leaf powder are crushed to 70-90 meshes before use.
Preferably, the gel particles are round particles, and the particle size is 3-8 mm. If the gel particles are smaller than 3mm, the gaps among the gel particles are too small, so that the internal air permeability of the gel particle feed is poor, and the black soldier fly larvae are not favorably inserted into the feed for feeding, so that the feeding efficiency is influenced; if the gel particles are too large (larger than 8mm), the black soldier fly larvae cannot conveniently eat the gel particles, and the feeding speed is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a black soldier fly feed containing a waste liquid raw material, which is characterized in that bone meal, crab shell powder, soybean meal, rosemary leaf powder, konjac glucomannan and a gel are mixed in the waste liquid raw material, and the mixture is prepared into a gel particle form under the action of the konjac glucomannan and the gel. Meanwhile, the gel particles prepared by the method are uniform in nutrition and high in protein content, and can improve survival and growth and development of hermetia illucens larvae.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The test methods used in the following experimental examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the materials, reagents and the like used are, unless otherwise specified, commercially available reagents and materials.
Example 1 a black soldier fly feed containing a waste liquid raw material comprises the following components in parts by weight:
85kg of domestic wastewater, 25kg of pig bone meal, 15kg of crab shell powder, 35kg of soybean meal, 15kg of rosemary leaf powder, 35kg of konjac glucomannan and 15kg of gelatin.
The preparation method of the black soldier fly feed comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw materials: filtering the domestic wastewater to remove impurities in the domestic wastewater; crushing pig bone powder, crab shell powder, soybean powder and rosemary leaf powder to 80 meshes;
(2) adding bone meal, crab shell powder, soybean meal, rosemary leaf powder, konjac glucomannan and gel into the domestic wastewater according to the formula, and uniformly mixing to prepare gel;
(3) pressing the gel-like substance into granules with the particle size of 5mm by adopting a soft pellet feed pressing machine to obtain the hermetia illucens feed.
Example 2 a black soldier fly feed containing a waste liquid raw material comprises the following components in parts by weight:
70kg of domestic wastewater, 20kg of pig bone meal, 10kg of crab shell powder, 30kg of soybean meal, 10kg of rosemary leaf powder, 30kg of konjac glucomannan and 10kg of gelatin.
The preparation method of the black soldier fly feed comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw materials: filtering the domestic wastewater to remove impurities in the domestic wastewater; crushing the pig bone meal, the crab shell powder, the soybean meal and the rosemary leaf powder to 70 meshes;
(2) same as in step (2) of example 1;
(3) pressing the gel-like substance into granules with the particle size of 3mm by adopting a soft pellet feed pressing machine to obtain the hermetia illucens feed.
Example 3 a black soldier fly feed containing a waste liquid raw material comprises the following components in parts by weight:
100kg of domestic wastewater, 30kg of pig bone meal, 20kg of crab shell powder, 40kg of soybean meal, 20kg of rosemary leaf powder, 40kg of konjac glucomannan and 20kg of gelatin.
The preparation method of the black soldier fly feed comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw materials: filtering the domestic wastewater to remove impurities in the domestic wastewater; crushing pig bone powder, crab shell powder, soybean powder and rosemary leaf powder to 90 meshes;
(2) same as in step (2) of example 1;
(3) pressing the gel-like substance into granules with the particle size of 8mm by adopting a soft pellet feed pressing machine to obtain the hermetia illucens feed.
Comparative example 1 a black soldier fly feed containing a waste liquid raw material comprises the following components in parts by weight:
60kg of domestic wastewater, 25kg of pig bone meal, 15kg of crab shell powder, 35kg of soybean meal, 15kg of rosemary leaf powder, 35kg of konjac glucomannan and 15kg of gelatin.
The preparation method of the black soldier fly feed is the same as that of example 1.
Comparative example 1 is different from example 1 in that the amount of domestic wastewater used is less than that of example 1.
Comparative example 2 a hermetia illucens feed containing waste liquid raw materials comprises the following components in parts by weight:
85kg of domestic wastewater, 15kg of pig bone meal, 15kg of crab shell powder, 35kg of soybean meal, 15kg of rosemary leaf powder, 35kg of konjac glucomannan and 15kg of gelatin.
The preparation method of the black soldier fly feed is the same as that of example 1.
Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that the amount of pig bone meal used is less than in example 1.
Comparative example 3 a hermetia illucens feed containing waste liquid raw materials comprises the following components in parts by weight:
85kg of domestic wastewater, 25kg of pig bone meal, 5kg of crab shell powder, 35kg of soybean meal, 15kg of rosemary leaf powder, 35kg of konjac glucomannan and 15kg of gelatin.
The preparation method of the black soldier fly feed is the same as that of example 1.
Comparative example 3 differs from example 1 in that the amount of crab shell powder used is less than in example 1.
Comparative example 4 a black soldier fly feed containing a waste liquid raw material comprises the following components in parts by weight:
85kg of domestic wastewater, 25kg of pig bone meal, 15kg of crab shell powder, 20kg of soybean meal, 15kg of rosemary leaf powder, 35kg of konjac glucomannan and 15kg of gelatin.
The preparation method of the black soldier fly feed is the same as that of example 1.
Comparative example 4 is different from example 1 in that soybean powder was used in an amount less than that of example 1.
Experimental example 1 influence of Hermetia illucens feed of the present invention on growth and development of Hermetia illucens
The black soldier fly feed in the embodiments 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-4 is used for feeding black soldier flies, the influence of the black soldier fly feed on the growth and development of the black soldier flies is observed, the feed obtained after the conventional treatment of the domestic wastewater (namely, rice bran powder, bran, yeast powder and bean pulp are added into the domestic wastewater, the mixture is stirred and uniformly mixed to ensure that the water content of the mixture is 50 percent, and the weight ratio of the rice bran powder, the bran, the yeast powder and the bean pulp is 9:5:1:5) is used as a control, and the specific experimental method comprises the following steps:
putting black soldier fly feed into a culture tank, wherein the thickness of the put feed is 10cm, putting 3-day-old black soldier fly larvae into the feed, controlling the mass ratio of the putting amount of the black soldier fly larvae to the putting amount of the feed to be 1:80, feeding once a day after 3 days of feeding, wherein the feeding amount is one third of the first feeding amount each time, and counting the survival rate and the weight of the black soldier fly at 30 days of experiment; then, the feed is continuously supplemented, and pupation and eclosion conditions are observed and recorded day by day. The results are shown in Table 1.
As shown in table 1, the gel particles prepared from the domestic wastewater, the bone meal, the crab shell powder, the soybean meal and the like are fed to black soldier fly larvae, the 30-day survival rate of the black soldier fly is 95.67%, the 30-day average weight of the black soldier fly is 0.22 +/-0.054 (g), the pupation rate is 89.54%, and the eclosion rate is 87.34%. Therefore, the feed for the hermetia illucens can obviously improve the growth and development level of the hermetia illucens. As can be seen from comparative examples 1-4, the amounts of the domestic wastewater, the bone meal, the crab shell meal and the soybean meal have certain influence on the feeding effect of the feed, because the change of the content of the substances can influence the nutrition level of the feed, thereby influencing the feeding effect of the feed on the black soldier flies.
TABLE 1 influence of Hermetia illucens feed of the present invention on the growth and development of Hermetia illucens
| Group of | Survival Rate for 30 days (%) | Average insect weight (g) for 30 days | Pupation Rate (%) | Eclosion Rate (%) |
| Example 1 | 95.67 | 0.22±0.054 | 89.54 | 87.34 |
| Example 2 | 93.54 | 0.20±0.034 | 87.54 | 85.56 |
| Example 3 | 94.85 | 0.21±0.046 | 88.93 | 86.68 |
| Comparative example 1 | 86.65 | 0.18±0.078 | 78.34 | 76.63 |
| Comparative example 2 | 80.68 | 0.15±0.054 | 74.86 | 71.32 |
| Comparative example 3 | 84.45 | 0.17±0.034 | 77.32 | 75.43 |
| Comparative example 4 | 82.35 | 0.16±0.023 | 76.43 | 74.54 |
| Control | 80.56 | 0.16±0.052 | 75.54 | 72.64 |
Experimental example 2 feeding condition experiment of hermetia illucens on hermetia illucens feed
Taking 1 ton of the black soldier fly feed in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4 respectively to feed the black soldier fly, observing the feeding condition of the black soldier fly to the black soldier fly feed containing waste liquid raw materials, and feeding the black soldier fly after the domestic wastewater is conventionally treated as a control (namely adding rice bran powder, bran, yeast powder and soybean meal into the domestic wastewater, stirring and uniformly mixing to ensure that the water content of the mixture is 50 percent, and the weight ratio of the rice bran powder, the bran, the yeast powder and the soybean meal is 9:5:1:5), wherein the specific experimental method comprises the following steps:
(1) putting the hermetia illucens feed into a culture tank, wherein the thickness of the put feed is 10 cm;
(2) putting 5-day-old hermetia illucens larvae into the feed, wherein the mass ratio of the putting amount of the hermetia illucens larvae to the putting amount of the feed is 1:80, and controlling the environmental temperature to be 25-30 ℃;
(3) feeding once a day after 3 days of ingestion, wherein the feeding amount is one third of the first feeding amount each time;
(4) after 1 ton of feed is fed and the feed is converted into loose small granular residues, insect residue separation is carried out, the feeding time is recorded, the amount of residual residues is counted, and the feeding efficiency is calculated according to the following formula. The results are shown in Table 2.
The feed intake efficiency is (total feed input amount-feed residual amount)/total feed input amount × 100%.
As shown in table 2, the domestic wastewater, the bone meal, the crab shell powder, the soybean meal and other components are prepared into gel particles and then fed to black soldier fly larvae, and the feeding efficiency of the black soldier fly larvae on the feed is as high as 98.68%. Therefore, the method can effectively improve the treatment efficiency of the hermetia illucens larvae on the waste liquid raw materials, and is favorable for resource utilization of the waste liquid raw materials. As can be seen from comparative examples 1 to 4, the addition amount of the domestic wastewater is proper, and too little addition amount can cause too high hardness of gel particles, so that the black soldier fly is not beneficial to being fed.
TABLE 2 feeding situations of hermetia illucens on the hermetia illucens feed of the invention
| Group of | Efficiency of ingestion (%) | Treatment time (d) |
| Example 1 | 98.68 | 10 |
| Example 2 | 96.72 | 10 |
| Example 3 | 97.93 | 10 |
| Comparative example 1 | 83.37 | 12 |
| Comparative example 2 | 96.54 | 10.5 |
| Comparative example 3 | 95.65 | 10.5 |
| Comparative example 4 | 96.57 | 10.5 |
| Control | 84.56 | 10.5 |
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and the scope of protection is still within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The hermetia illucens feed containing the waste liquid raw materials is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
70-100 parts of waste liquid raw materials, 20-30 parts of bone meal, 10-20 parts of crab shell powder, 30-40 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of rosemary leaf powder, 30-40 parts of konjac glucomannan and 10-20 parts of gel; the waste liquid raw material has a water content of more than 80% and contains fat and protein.
2. The black soldier fly feed according to claim 1, comprising waste liquid feed including but not limited to aquaculture wastewater, domestic wastewater, expired milk and food plant by-products.
3. The black soldier fly feed containing waste liquid feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bone meal comprises at least one of chicken bone meal, duck bone meal, bovine bone meal, pig bone meal, sheep bone meal and fishbone meal.
4. The feed of claim 1, wherein the gelling agent is gelatin.
5. The method for preparing the black soldier fly feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
s1, removing impurities from the waste liquid raw material, adding bone meal, crab shell powder, soybean meal, rosemary leaf powder, konjac glucomannan and a gel, and uniformly mixing to prepare a gel;
s2, pressing the gel substance into granules to obtain the black soldier fly feed.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the bone meal, crab shell meal, soybean meal and rosemary leaf meal are comminuted to a size of 70-90 mesh prior to use.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the gel particles are round particles having a particle size of 3 to 8 mm.
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| US20130323363A1 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2013-12-05 | Ting-Yu Chiang | Insect artificial feedstuff |
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| CN109452500A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-03-12 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of compound roughage and preparation method thereof feeding black soldier flies |
| CN110121270A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2019-08-13 | 昆虫公司 | Gel comprising the liquid by-product from agricultural production industry and its purposes for insect raising |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20130323363A1 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2013-12-05 | Ting-Yu Chiang | Insect artificial feedstuff |
| CN110121270A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2019-08-13 | 昆虫公司 | Gel comprising the liquid by-product from agricultural production industry and its purposes for insect raising |
| CN109007284A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-12-18 | 湖南百宜牧业科技有限公司 | A method of protein feed is prepared using black soldier flies processing pig manure |
| CN109452500A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-03-12 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of compound roughage and preparation method thereof feeding black soldier flies |
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