CN111371304A - Implementation method of soft switch in DCM (direct current) working mode for bidirectional DC/DC (direct current/direct current) - Google Patents
Implementation method of soft switch in DCM (direct current) working mode for bidirectional DC/DC (direct current/direct current) Download PDFInfo
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- CN111371304A CN111371304A CN202010464460.5A CN202010464460A CN111371304A CN 111371304 A CN111371304 A CN 111371304A CN 202010464460 A CN202010464460 A CN 202010464460A CN 111371304 A CN111371304 A CN 111371304A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1588—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
- H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing soft switching in DCM working mode of bidirectional DC/DC, which comprises the following steps: 1) detecting the inductive current; 2) detecting a trigger edge of a zero-crossing trigger signal; when the inductive current resonates to a zero crossing point, the level of the output end of the comparator is reversed, and a rising edge signal or a falling edge signal is identified from the level reversal signal; 3) fast response of edge detection; the coprocessor identifies a rising edge signal or a falling edge signal, and after a set time delay, if the level signal is still the corresponding trigger level, the coprocessor judges that the load is not matched with the switching frequency signal, switches off the switching signal of the corresponding switching tube in advance, and simultaneously switches on the switching signal of the geminate transistor after the delay of dead time. The method has the characteristics of good frequency regulation continuity, quick response and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to integrated circuit technology, and in particular, to a method for implementing soft switching in a dcm (discontinuous conduction mode) operating mode (discontinuous conduction mode) for bidirectional DC/DC.
Background
The bidirectional DC/DC adopts a unidirectional BUCK-BOOST topology as shown in figure 1, and the commonly used soft switch implementation method mainly comprises the following steps: 1. forming a resonant network; 2. utilizing an active clamp circuit; 3. an auxiliary circuit is formed by the coupling inductor and the auxiliary switch. The use of resonant networks is often unsuitable for wide operating range applications. The active clamp circuit can realize the soft switching function, but most converters can only realize the unidirectional flow of energy, and are not suitable for the situation of bidirectional flow of energy.
When a BUCK-BOOST topology applied to a DC/DC power supply is designed to be in a DCM working mode (an intermittent conduction mode), a frequency conversion mode is generally adopted to ensure that a switching tube in a wide power range is always in a critical conduction mode; the modulation of the frequency conversion switching signal is usually realized by software, the realization method of the software is that different working points correspond to different working frequencies one to one, and when the system is detected to enter the corresponding working points, the system is switched to the corresponding switching frequency, and the method not only occupies a large amount of system resources, but also is slow in system response and is not suitable for application scenes with load dynamic change too fast.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for implementing soft switching in DCM working mode for bidirectional DC/DC, aiming at the defects in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for DCM operation mode drive signal frequency conversion for a magnetic device,
the method uses a control module comprising a detector and a zero crossing trigger circuit;
the detector is used for converting the inductive current signal into an analog voltage signal;
the zero-crossing point trigger circuit is a comparator, the positive input end of the comparator is connected with an analog voltage signal output by the detector, the negative input end of the comparator is connected with a reference voltage, and the output end of the comparator is connected with a co-controller for detecting the trigger edge of the signal;
the method comprises the following steps:
1) detecting the inductive current;
converting the inductive current signal into an analog voltage signal through a detector and sending the analog voltage signal to a comparator;
2) detecting a rising edge or a falling edge of a zero-crossing trigger signal;
adjusting the reference voltage to enable the level of the output end of the comparator to be turned when the inductive current resonance passes through zero, monitoring the output end of the comparator by the aid of the controller, and identifying a rising edge signal or a falling edge signal from a level turning signal;
3) fast response of edge detection and modulation of PWM (pulse width modulation) signals;
and identifying a rising edge signal or a falling edge signal, and after a set time delay, if the level signal is still the corresponding trigger level, considering that the load is not matched with the switching frequency signal, turning off the synchronous rectifier tube signal, and simultaneously turning on the switching signal of the main switching tube after the delay of dead time, so that the switching frequency of the system is continuously adjusted along with the size of the load.
According to the scheme, the reference voltage is set according to the reference voltage signal corresponding to the current peak value.
According to the scheme, the comparator is a comparator with a return difference.
According to the scheme, the inverting input end of the comparator in the control module is connected with the preset current peak value reference voltage signal generation module, and reference voltage adjustment is carried out by adjusting the magnitude of the current peak value so as to control the working point of the critical working mode.
According to the scheme, the co-controller is composed of an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) or a CPLD (complex Programmable logic device).
According to the above scheme, in the step 3), the fast response of the edge detection and the modulation of the PWM signal are specifically as follows:
when the DC/DC converter operates in a BOOST mode (BOOST mode), the lower tube is a main switching tube, the upper tube is a synchronous rectifier tube, when the auxiliary controller detects and identifies a falling edge signal, and after a set time delay, if a level signal is still at a low level, the load is considered to be not matched with a switching frequency signal, the synchronous rectifier tube signal is turned off, after a dead zone delay, the main switching tube is turned on, in the variation process, the frequency of the switching signal is continuously adjusted along with the condition of the load, and when the load is in a no-load state, the switching frequency reaches the maximum;
when the DC/DC converter operates in a Buck mode (voltage reduction mode), an upper tube is a main switching tube, a lower tube is a synchronous rectifier tube, when a rising edge signal is detected and identified by the auxiliary controller, after a set time delay, if a level signal is still at a high level, the load is considered to be not matched with a switching frequency signal, the synchronous rectifier tube signal is turned off, after a dead time delay, the main switching tube is turned on, and in the change process, the frequency of the switching signal is continuously adjusted along with the condition of the load.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the prior art, the load running state is monitored in real time through software, different switching frequencies are adjusted according to the load condition, the switching state in a certain load range is always in a critical conduction mode, and the magnetic core loss is further reduced. The method realizes the frequency conversion characteristic of the switching signal by detecting the zero crossing point of the inductive current through a hardware circuit, and the response speed is extremely fast and generally not more than 100ns, so the technical scheme has the characteristics of good frequency regulation continuity, fast response and the like.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a one-way BUCK-BOOST topology in the background of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a method of an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of Boost mode soft-switching modulation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a Buck mode soft switching modulation scheme according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram comparing the operation of the present invention with a conventional method.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 2, a method for soft switching in DCM mode of operation for bi-directional DC/DC,
the method uses a control module comprising a detector and a zero crossing trigger circuit;
the detector is used for converting the inductive current signal into an analog voltage signal;
the zero-crossing point trigger circuit is a comparator, the positive input end of the comparator is connected with an analog voltage signal output by the detector, the negative input end of the comparator is connected with a reference voltage, and the output end of the comparator is connected with a co-controller for detecting the rising edge or the falling edge of the signal; the co-controller is composed of a CPLD (complex programmable logic device) or an FPGA (field programmable gate array) programmable logic device;
the method comprises the following steps:
1) detecting the inductive current;
the inductor current signal is converted to an analog voltage signal by a detector and sent to a comparator.
2) Detecting a trigger edge of a zero-crossing trigger signal;
adjusting the reference voltage, when the inductive current is changed from positive to negative, the output end of the comparator is turned from high level to low level, the output end of the comparator is monitored by the assistant controller, and a rising edge signal or a falling edge signal is identified from the level turning signal;
the reference voltage is set according to the reference voltage signal corresponding to the current peak value, and one or more reference voltages can be set in a floating mode within a set range.
The comparator may be provided as a flip-flop with a return difference.
3) Fast response of edge detection and modulation of PWM signals;
and identifying a falling edge signal, and after a set time delay, if the level signal is still at a low level, considering that the load is not matched with the switching frequency signal, turning off the switching signal of the corresponding switching tube in advance, and simultaneously turning on the switching signal of the pair tube after the delay of dead time, so that the switching frequency of the system can be continuously adjusted along with the size of the load.
The core of PWM signal modulation is to detect the zero crossing point of the inductive current, and the voltage analog signal corresponding to the detected inductive current is sent to the positive input end of the comparator through the current sensor and compared with the set fixed reference value of the negative input end, and when the direction of the inductive current changes, the output end of the comparator can generate a level reversal signal. When the DC/DC converter operates in a BOOST mode, the lower tube is a main switching tube, and the upper tube is a synchronous rectifier tube, as shown in fig. 3, when the converter operates in a full load, the rated inductive current can resonate to be negative, and the operating frequency of the switching main power tube at this time just can meet the requirement of critical soft switching. When the load is reduced, the comparator triggers the falling edge when the inductive current resonates to a negative value of a certain negative current, the cooperative controller detects the falling edge signal at the moment, the synchronous rectifier tube signal is turned off, the lower tube is opened after the delay of a dead zone, the frequency of the switching signal can be continuously adjusted along with the condition of the load in the change process, the switching frequency can reach the maximum at the moment when the load is in no-load, and the reasonable upper limit of the cut-off switching frequency is set by combining the actual characteristics of the power tube and the magnetic device according to the actual working state of the system.
When the DC/DC converter operates in the Buck mode, at this time, the upper tube is the main switching tube, and the lower tube is the synchronous rectifying tube, as shown in fig. 4, when the load is lower than the rated load, and the inductive current resonates to the threshold value of the forward current, the comparator is turned from the low level to the high level, a rising edge trigger signal is generated, at this time, the auxiliary controller detects the rising edge signal, turns off the synchronous rectifying tube signal, and after a delay of a dead time, the upper tube is opened, and the whole process is consistent with the boost mode.
Example 1
Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram comparing the implementation process of the method with the prior common software frequency modulation. The dynamic load operation condition is shown in fig. 5, conventionally, a frequency modulation mode is realized by a software mode, the operation condition is often determined by a real-time calculation mode, then, the required switching frequency is determined according to the operation condition, the essence is realized by a table look-up mode, the software calculation determines the operation condition and realizes the whole frequency modulation process, the required time is often the order of milliseconds, the frequency modulation output can be realized by at least 10 switching cycles by taking the current commercial IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) with the slowest switching frequency as an example, and for a silicon carbide MOSFET (metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) with the working frequency of 1MHZ, the traditional method can realize the frequency modulation output of a soft switch by more switching cycles; the frequency modulation implementation method of the hardware of the patent is that theoretically, the response time only depends on the performance of the hardware, the frequency modulation can be easily implemented within 0.01ms, and the response time is greatly realized by a software implementation mode when the dynamic load working condition is met; in addition, the traditional implementation mode of software table lookup usually sets only a few different working frequencies according to different working conditions, and continuous adjustment of the frequencies cannot be realized. The test result shows that compared with the conventional software frequency modulation implementation mode, the method has the following two advantages: compared with the conventional software frequency modulation implementation method, the method has the advantages that the response time is prolonged from a plurality of switching cycles to one switching cycle, and the response time is prolonged from 1ms to 0.01 ms; the method has the advantages that the frequency modulation continuity is good, compared with a conventional software frequency modulation implementation method, the method has the characteristic of good frequency modulation continuity, the switching frequency is continuously adjustable theoretically, and the real-time performance is better.
The invention is not only suitable for Buck-Boost topology of bidirectional DC/DC, but also suitable for other topologies working in DCM mode, such as Buck, Boost, full bridge and the like.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for soft switching in DCM operation mode for bi-directional DC/DC,
the method uses a control module comprising a detector and a zero crossing trigger circuit;
the detector is used for converting the inductive current signal into an analog voltage signal;
the zero-crossing point trigger circuit is a Schmitt trigger, the positive input end of the comparator is connected with the analog voltage signal output by the detector, the negative input end of the comparator is connected with the reference voltage, and the output end of the comparator is connected with the co-controller for detecting the trigger edge of the signal;
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) detecting the inductive current;
converting the inductive current signal into an analog voltage signal through a detector and sending the analog voltage signal to a comparator;
2) detecting a trigger edge of a zero-crossing trigger signal;
adjusting the reference voltage, when the inductive current resonance crosses zero, the level of the output end of the comparator is turned, the output end of the comparator is monitored by the assistant controller, and a rising or falling edge signal is identified from the level turning signal;
3) fast response of edge detection and modulation of PWM;
and identifying a rising edge signal or a falling edge signal, and after a set time delay, if the level signal is still the corresponding trigger level, considering that the load is not matched with the switching frequency signal, turning off the synchronous rectifier tube signal, and simultaneously turning on the switching signal of the main switching tube after the delay of dead time, so that the switching frequency of the system is continuously adjusted along with the size of the load.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference voltage is set according to a reference voltage signal corresponding to a peak current value.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the comparator is a comparator with a back-error.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control module is further configured to control the operating point of the critical operating mode by adjusting a peak current value to adjust a reference voltage, and the control module is further configured to control the output of the comparator.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the co-controller is formed from FPGA or CPLD programmable logic devices.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the fast response of the edge detection and the modulation of the PWM signal are specifically as follows:
when the DC/DC converter operates in a BOOST mode, the lower tube is a main switching tube, the upper tube is a synchronous rectifier tube, when the auxiliary controller detects and identifies a falling edge signal, and after a set time delay, if a level signal is still at a low level, the load is considered to be not matched with a switching frequency signal, the synchronous rectifier tube signal is turned off, after a dead zone delay, the main switching tube is turned on, in the variation process, the frequency of the switching signal is continuously adjusted along with the condition of the load, and when the load is in no load, the switching frequency reaches the maximum;
when the DC/DC converter operates in a Buck mode, the upper tube is a main switching tube, the lower tube is a synchronous rectifier tube, when the auxiliary controller detects and identifies a rising edge signal, and after a set time delay, if the level signal is still at a high level, the load is considered to be not matched with the switching frequency signal, the synchronous rectifier tube signal is turned off, after a dead time delay, the main switching tube is turned on, and in the change process, the frequency of the switching signal is continuously adjusted along with the condition of the load.
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| CN202010464460.5A CN111371304A (en) | 2020-05-28 | 2020-05-28 | Implementation method of soft switch in DCM (direct current) working mode for bidirectional DC/DC (direct current/direct current) |
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| CN113156328A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-07-23 | 国家电网有限公司 | State identification system and method applied to single-stage AC-DC converter |
| CN115603577A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-01-13 | 常州是为电子有限公司（Cn） | Buck/Boost self-adaptive switching control method and circuit |
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