CN111371080B - Equipment with overcurrent limiting function and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Equipment with overcurrent limiting function and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111371080B CN111371080B CN201811595362.4A CN201811595362A CN111371080B CN 111371080 B CN111371080 B CN 111371080B CN 201811595362 A CN201811595362 A CN 201811595362A CN 111371080 B CN111371080 B CN 111371080B
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 117
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005224 laser annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/70—Bipolar devices
- H01L29/72—Transistor-type devices, i.e. able to continuously respond to applied control signals
- H01L29/739—Transistor-type devices, i.e. able to continuously respond to applied control signals controlled by field-effect, e.g. bipolar static induction transistors [BSIT]
- H01L29/7393—Insulated gate bipolar mode transistors, i.e. IGBT; IGT; COMFET
- H01L29/7395—Vertical transistors, e.g. vertical IGBT
- H01L29/7396—Vertical transistors, e.g. vertical IGBT with a non planar surface, e.g. with a non planar gate or with a trench or recess or pillar in the surface of the emitter, base or collector region for improving current density or short circuiting the emitter and base regions
- H01L29/7397—Vertical transistors, e.g. vertical IGBT with a non planar surface, e.g. with a non planar gate or with a trench or recess or pillar in the surface of the emitter, base or collector region for improving current density or short circuiting the emitter and base regions and a gate structure lying on a slanted or vertical surface or formed in a groove, e.g. trench gate IGBT
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
Abstract
The invention discloses equipment with an overcurrent limiting function, which is suitable for an IGBT.A current mirror detects that an emitting electrode of the IGBT is connected with a reference voltage end on one hand and is connected with a base electrode of an overcurrent limiting triode on the other hand; the base electrode of the over-current limiting triode is connected with the reference voltage end through the first temperature compensation diode, the first detection resistor, the second temperature compensation diode and the second detection resistor which are sequentially connected; the collector of the over-current limiting triode is connected with the base of the current mirror detection IGBT through the over-current limiting diode; the emitting electrode of the overcurrent limiting triode is connected with the reference voltage end; the positive input end of the comparator is connected with the connection point between the first detection resistor and the second temperature compensation diode; the negative input end of the comparator is connected with the reference voltage end; the output end of the comparator is connected with the input end of the controller, and the output end of the controller is connected with the base electrode of the current mirror detection IGBT.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of semiconductors, and more particularly to an apparatus having an overcurrent limiting function and a method of constructing the same, and a circuit or a circuit structure having an overcurrent limiting function and a method of constructing the same.
Background
Insulated Gate Bipolar transistor (igbt) is the most widely used power device in power electronics applications, such as household appliances, industry, renewable energy, UPS, rail, motor drives, Electric Vehicle (EV) and Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) applications. Due to the bipolar junction transistor, it has a very high current handling capability. In its structure, about several hundred amperes, the blocking voltage is 6500V, so that the IGBT can control a load of several hundred kilowatts, useful for many applications. The IGBT is particularly suitable for failure work periods, low frequencies, high voltages and load changes, and can be used for locomotives, electric automobiles and hybrid electric automobiles. The growth in the field of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind energy has led to an increase in demand. High power IGBTs motors for wind turbines are of the variable speed type and require the use of high power IGBTs to improve efficiency. With the growth of infrastructure activities in developing countries, the demand for high voltage machinery is expected to grow, thus driving the market demand for high power IGBTs. IGBT applications in electric and hybrid electric vehicles include their use in powertrains and chargers for delivering and controlling electric motors. EV/HEV sales are expected to grow at a robust rate of around 35%, and battery manufacturing capacity is expected to increase by a factor of two at the end of the prediction period due to increased carbon dioxide regulation. According to market demands, IGBT technology has been developed for 30 years, and the current technology development trend is continued. In the last decade, there has been intense competition among leading manufacturers worldwide and development of more advanced IGBT technology, and the latest IGBT technology has been completed in the progress of electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles. In short, the rapid growth of EV and HEV applications is the primary driving force for the development of IGBT technology.
In order to significantly improve the resistance to short circuit conditions. Because, the latest IGBTs have applied finer trench gate cells for lower vce (sat), and this technique results in higher transconductance and therefore higher saturation current in short circuit conditions. The short-circuit endurance time of an IGBT is related to its turn-on or gain and the thermal capacity of the IGBT die. A higher gain will result in a higher short circuit over current level for the IGBT, and therefore a significantly lower gain IGBT will have a lower short circuit level. However, higher gain also results in lower conduction losses, so a trade-off relationship must be made in conventional IGBTs.
Generally, when a trench gate IGBT applies finer trench gate cells to achieve a lower vce (sat), an excessively high overcurrent should occur and the IGBT will turn off immediately. The IGBT will fail immediately upon a large overcurrent or failure at the SC. The inverter system using the IGBT must be shut down. Finer trench gate IGBTs should have reasonable endurance times. However, the circuit is not very good in limiting the accuracy of the circuit due to the high die temperature and overcurrent level dependence on the variable applied voltage. Therefore, in consideration of the temperature dependence and the dependence of the current and voltage on the control accuracy, we need to control the overcurrent limiting function more accurately. Otherwise, it would be difficult to implement a high performance IGBT using the latest process technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides an insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT with an overcurrent limiting function, a circuit structure and a polysilicon to improve a withstand time.
Specifically, the present invention provides a circuit or a circuit structure having an overcurrent limiting function, the circuit or the circuit structure being suitable for an insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT, the circuit or the circuit structure including: the device comprises a controller, a comparator, an overcurrent limiting diode, an overcurrent limiting triode, a current mirror detection IGBT, a first detection resistor, a second detection resistor, a first temperature compensation diode and a second temperature compensation diode; the emitter of the current mirror detection IGBT is connected with a reference voltage end on one hand and is connected with the base of the overcurrent limiting triode on the other hand; the base electrode of the over-current limiting triode is connected with the reference voltage end through the first temperature compensation diode, the first detection resistor, the second temperature compensation diode and the second detection resistor which are sequentially connected; the collector of the over-current limiting triode is connected with the base of the current mirror detection IGBT through the over-current limiting diode; the emitter of the over-current limiting triode is connected with the reference voltage end;
the positive input end of the comparator is connected with the connection point between the first detection resistor and the second temperature compensation diode; the negative input end of the comparator is connected with the reference voltage end;
the output end of the comparator is connected with the input end of the controller, and the output end of the controller is connected with the base electrode of the current mirror detection IGBT.
Further, the over-current limiting diode is a zener diode.
Further, the current mirror detection IGBT is composed of tens of thousands of small batteries connected in parallel.
Furthermore, the negative input end of the comparator is connected with the positive pole of a reference voltage source, and the negative pole of the reference voltage source is connected with the reference voltage end.
Furthermore, the temperature coefficients of the first temperature compensation diode and the second temperature compensation diode are-1.8 mV/DEG C, and the temperature coefficients of the first detection resistor and the second detection resistor sensing resistor are +1.5 mV/DEG C.
Further, the breakdown voltage of the Zener diode is set to be 10-12V.
The invention provides a method for constructing a circuit or a circuit structure with an overcurrent limiting function, the circuit or the circuit structure is suitable for an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) and comprises the following steps: the device comprises a controller, a comparator, an overcurrent limiting diode, an overcurrent limiting triode, a current mirror detection IGBT, a first detection resistor, a second detection resistor, a first temperature compensation diode and a second temperature compensation diode;
the method comprises the following steps:
connecting an emitter of the current mirror detection IGBT to a reference voltage end on one hand and to a base of the overcurrent limiting triode on the other hand;
connecting the base electrode of the over-current limiting triode with the reference voltage end through the first temperature compensation diode, the first detection resistor, the second temperature compensation diode and the second detection resistor which are connected in sequence; connecting a collector of the over-current limiting triode with a base of the current mirror detection IGBT through the over-current limiting diode; and connecting the emitter of the over-current limiting triode with the reference voltage end;
connecting a positive input end of the comparator to a connection point between the first detection resistor and the second temperature compensation diode; and connecting the negative input terminal of the comparator to the reference voltage terminal; and
connecting the output end of the comparator to the input end of the controller, and connecting the output end of the controller to the base of the current mirror detection IGBT.
Further, the over-current limiting diode is a zener diode.
Further, the current mirror detection IGBT is composed of tens of thousands of small batteries connected in parallel.
Further, the negative input terminal of the comparator is connected to the positive terminal of a reference voltage source, and the negative terminal of the reference voltage source is connected to the reference voltage terminal.
Furthermore, the temperature coefficients of the first temperature compensation diode and the second temperature compensation diode are-1.8 mV/DEG C, and the temperature coefficients of the first detection resistor and the second detection resistor sensing resistor are +1.5 mV/DEG C.
Further, the breakdown voltage of the Zener diode is set to be 10-12V.
The IGBT with the overcurrent limiting function breaks through the trade-off relation between Vce (sat) and tolerance time by having the high-speed overcurrent limiting function, and realizes reasonable tolerance time under the condition of extremely large short circuit.
The present invention provides a device with an overcurrent limiting function, which is suitable for an IGBT and which comprises: the device comprises a controller, a comparator, an overcurrent limiting diode, an overcurrent limiting triode, a current mirror detection IGBT, a first detection resistor, a second detection resistor, a first temperature compensation diode and a second temperature compensation diode;
the emitter of the current mirror detection IGBT is connected with a reference voltage end on one hand and is connected with the base of the overcurrent limiting triode on the other hand;
the base electrode of the over-current limiting triode is connected with the reference voltage end through the first temperature compensation diode, the first detection resistor, the second temperature compensation diode and the second detection resistor which are sequentially connected; the collector of the over-current limiting triode is connected with the base of the current mirror detection IGBT through the over-current limiting diode; the emitter of the over-current limiting triode is connected with the reference voltage end;
the positive input end of the comparator is connected with the connection point between the first detection resistor and the second temperature compensation diode; the negative input end of the comparator is connected with the reference voltage end;
the output end of the comparator is connected with the input end of the controller, and the output end of the controller is connected with the base electrode of the current mirror detection IGBT.
Further, the over-current limiting diode is a zener diode.
Further, the current mirror detection IGBT is composed of tens of thousands of small batteries connected in parallel.
Furthermore, the negative input end of the comparator is connected with the positive pole of a reference voltage source, and the negative pole of the reference voltage source is connected with the reference voltage end.
Furthermore, the temperature coefficients of the first temperature compensation diode and the second temperature compensation diode are-1.8 mV/DEG C, and the temperature coefficients of the first detection resistor and the second detection resistor sensing resistor are +1.5 mV/DEG C.
Further, the breakdown voltage of the Zener diode is set to be 10-12V.
The invention provides a method of constructing a device having an overcurrent limiting function, the device being suitable for an IGBT and the device comprising: the device comprises a controller, a comparator, an overcurrent limiting diode, an overcurrent limiting triode, a current mirror detection IGBT, a first detection resistor, a second detection resistor, a first temperature compensation diode and a second temperature compensation diode;
the method comprises the following steps:
connecting an emitting electrode of the current mirror detection IGBT to a reference voltage end on one hand and to a base electrode of the overcurrent limiting triode on the other hand;
connecting the base electrode of the over-current limiting triode with the reference voltage end through the first temperature compensation diode, the first detection resistor, the second temperature compensation diode and the second detection resistor which are connected in sequence; connecting a collector of the over-current limiting triode with a base of the current mirror detection IGBT through the over-current limiting diode; and connecting the emitter of the over-current limiting triode with the reference voltage end;
connecting a positive input end of the comparator to a connection point between the first detection resistor and the second temperature compensation diode; and connecting a negative input terminal of the comparator to the reference voltage terminal; and
connecting the output end of the comparator to the input end of the controller, and connecting the output end of the controller to the base of the current mirror detection IGBT.
Further, the over-current limiting diode is a zener diode.
Further, the current mirror detection IGBT is composed of tens of thousands of small batteries connected in parallel.
Further, the negative input terminal of the comparator is connected to the positive terminal of a reference voltage source, and the negative terminal of the reference voltage source is connected to the reference voltage terminal.
Furthermore, the temperature coefficients of the first temperature compensation diode and the second temperature compensation diode are-1.8 mV/DEG C, and the temperature coefficients of the first detection resistor and the second detection resistor sensing resistor are +1.5 mV/DEG C.
Further, the breakdown voltage of the Zener diode is set to be 10-12V.
The IGBT with the overcurrent limiting function breaks through the trade-off relation between Vce (sat) and tolerance time by having the high-speed overcurrent limiting function, and realizes reasonable tolerance time under the condition of extremely large short circuit.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings, like reference numerals are used to indicate like elements. The drawings in the following description are directed to some, but not all embodiments of the invention. For a person skilled in the art, other figures can be derived from these figures without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an IGBT with an overcurrent limiting function according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of an apparatus, circuit or circuit configuration with over-current limiting capability according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of polysilicon with over-current limiting function according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for constructing a device, a circuit or a circuit structure with an overcurrent limiting function according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein, which are provided for complete and complete disclosure of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. The terminology used in the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In the drawings, the same units/elements are denoted by the same reference numerals.
Unless otherwise defined, terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Further, it will be understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense.
Referring to fig. 1, as a preferred embodiment of the IGBT with an overcurrent limiting function according to the present invention, the IGBT with an overcurrent limiting function includes: the IGBT driving circuit comprises a main IGBT region, a separation region and a sensing IGBT region, wherein the separation region is positioned between the main IGBT region and the sensing IGBT region, a plurality of grids are arranged in the main IGBT region and the sensing IGBT region respectively, and the separation region is provided with an overcurrent limiting region for carrying out overcurrent limitation on the IGBT; no trench gate is disposed in the separation region;
an emitter is arranged above the main IGBT region; an n-type drift region is arranged below the main IGBT region, the separation region and the sensing IGBT region, an n + -type buffer region is arranged below the n-type drift region, a p + -type collector region is arranged below the n + -type buffer region, and the collector is connected below the p + -type collector region.
Preferably, the length of the separation region is 2 times the hole carrier diffusion length in the separation region. That is, the distance between the sense IGBT region and the main IGBT region should be 2 times the hole carrier diffusion length of that region to avoid interaction with other cells in the IGBT chip.
In specific operation, a base region is arranged between the grid electrodes, and n + type emitting regions are arranged on two sides of the upper surface of each base region and connected with the emitter; and the p + type base region is arranged between the n + type emitter regions on two sides of each base region.
The current detection IGBT with the current limiting and protecting element of the present embodiment can prevent an overcurrent and short circuit condition, the separation region between the main IGBT and the sensing IGBT is arranged without any trench gate unit in order to avoid the interaction between the main IGBT part and the sensing IGBT part, and the separation region can avoid the interaction, and the overcurrent limiting function region, via which the withstand time is improved, is formed on the separation region.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a device, a circuit or a circuit structure with an overcurrent limiting function according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, the device, the circuit or the circuit structure with the overcurrent limiting function is used for an IGBT, and the device, the circuit or the circuit structure includes: the temperature control circuit comprises a controller, a comparator, an overcurrent limiting diode ZD, an overcurrent limiting triode Tr, a current mirror detection IGBT, a first detection resistor R1, a second detection resistor R2, a first temperature compensation diode D1 and a second temperature compensation diode D2;
the emitter of the current mirror detection IGBT is connected with a reference voltage end on one hand and is connected with the base of the overcurrent limiting triode on the other hand;
the base electrode of the over-current limiting triode is connected with the reference voltage end through the first temperature compensation diode, the first detection resistor, the second temperature compensation diode and the second detection resistor which are sequentially connected; the collector of the over-current limiting triode is connected with the base of the current mirror detection IGBT through the over-current limiting diode; the emitter of the over-current limiting triode is connected with the reference voltage end;
the positive input end of the comparator is connected with the connection point between the first detection resistor R1 and the second temperature compensation diode; the negative input end of the comparator is connected with the reference voltage end;
the output end of the comparator is connected with the input end of the controller, and the output end of the controller is connected with the base electrode of the current mirror detection IGBT.
Specifically, the over-current limiting diode is a zener diode.
Specifically, the current mirror detection IGBT is composed of tens of thousands of small batteries connected in parallel.
Specifically, the negative input end of the comparator is connected with the positive electrode of a reference voltage source, and the negative electrode of the reference voltage source is connected with the reference voltage end. The temperature coefficients of the first temperature compensation diode and the second temperature compensation diode are about-1.8 mV/DEG C, and the temperature coefficients of the first detection resistor and the second detection resistor sensing resistor are about +1.5 mV/DEG C. The breakdown voltage of the Zener diode is set to be 10-12V so as to limit safe overcurrent.
The present embodiment limits the IGBT, the resistors R1, R2, the temperature compensation diodes D1, D2, the overcurrent limiting transistor Tr, and the zener diode ZD to a given gate voltage by the current mirror detection of the overcurrent limiting circuit. The specific working mode is as follows:
the current sensing IGBT is composed of tens of thousands of small batteries connected in parallel, and the ratio of the number of the main IGBT to the number of the sensing IGBT exceeds thousands to 1. The overcurrent across the resistors R1, R2 and the temperature compensating diodes D1, D2 generates Vb between the base and emitter of the bipolar transistor. When Vb exceeds the b-e built-in voltage by about 0.8V, the overcurrent limiting transistor Tr is turned on. At the same time, the gate voltage Vg is immediately lowered from the normal operation gate voltage 15V to about 10-12V, achieving that at the start of overcurrent limitation, the gate voltage drops rapidly to a prescribed value, but a limited overcurrent still continues to flow through the sense resistor, and the sense current flows through R1, R2D1 and D2, and the resulting sense voltage Vs is compared with the specified reference voltage Vref. When Vs exceeds Vref, the controller begins to control soft turn off the IGBT.
Additional temperature compensation diodes D1 and D2 are added to compensate for the temperature dependence of the shunt resistance and sense current, the temperature coefficient of the diodes being approximately-1.8 mV/c, and the temperature coefficient of the sense resistor being approximately +1.5 mV/c, to achieve the acceptably accurate level of control needed to protect the IGBT from large short circuit conditions.
In this embodiment, when a short circuit occurs, the overcurrent limiting circuit starts to operate first, and Vb instantaneously exceeds the emitter-base voltage by about 0.8V. In short, the bipolar transistor arranged in the circuit starts to conduct and Vg momentarily drops to the overcurrent limit ZD voltage, about 10V to 12V, and the overcurrent has to limit the saturation current at a given Vge. Then, when the overcurrent detection circuit detects a voltage exceeding the prescribed voltage limit, it turns off the IGBT, achieving that the IGBT will remain safe, so that the safety of the IGBT will be maintained at least 10 μ sec even under severe circuit conditions.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a polysilicon with an over-current limiting function according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 3 shows a polysilicon with an over-current limiting function, which includes: the IGBT overcurrent protection device comprises a main IGBT region, a separation region and a sensing IGBT region, wherein the separation region is positioned between the main IGBT region and the sensing IGBT region, and the separation region is provided with an overcurrent limiting region for carrying out overcurrent limitation on the IGBT;
the over-current limiting region is provided with a Zener diode, a bipolar over-current limiting triode, a first temperature compensation diode, a second temperature compensation diode, a first detection resistor and a second detection resistor which are used for jointly realizing an over-current limiting function on SiO 2;
an emitter is arranged above the main IGBT region; an n-type drift region is arranged below the main IGBT region, the separation region and the sensing IGBT region, an n + -type buffer region is arranged below the n-type drift region, a p + -type collector region is arranged below the n + -type buffer region, and the collector is connected below the p + -type collector region.
Specifically, the zener diode, the bipolar overcurrent limiting triode, the first temperature compensation diode, the second temperature compensation diode, the first detection resistor, and the second detection resistor are formed by growing a substrate in any one of three ways, including: high-temperature deposition of Poly-Si and laser annealing; local epitaxial growth and laser annealing; and an SOI substrate.
In order to realize an IGBT with built-in more precise current limiting control, it is necessary to grow a high Si quality layer on SiO2 using high temperature Poly Si CVD growth and high temperature growth, and a Lase annealing or epitaxial growth layer on SiO2 is developed, so it can realize high performance elements such as ZD, bipolar Tr, diode and resistor, and realize precise sensing and limiting functions using bip.tr, diode, zener diode and resistor formed on a high quality substrate layer. Silicon dioxide. The sense IGBT part is separated from the main IGBT part by applying a deep p-base and a normal p + region without any active region, as shown in fig. 3, and the ratio of the sense current to the main current is always maintained at 1 to several thousand to 1 to 20 ten thousand.
The present embodiment achieves excellent polysilicon quality by built-in components, i.e., resistors, diodes, bipolar transistors and zener diodes, being polysilicon with large grain size fabricated on SiO2, and applies specific growth and recrystallization techniques, enabling to keep the IGBT free from any short circuit and over-current conditions, thus breaking through the trade-off relationship between vce (sat) and short circuit withstand capability, enabling lower vce (sat) without sacrificing withstand capability, with temperature compensation and high speed reaction to short circuit conditions formed at higher substrate crystal quality levels achieved by using specified polysilicon deposition and laser annealing and local epitaxial growth layers.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method 400 for constructing a device, circuit or circuit structure with an over-current limiting function according to an embodiment of the present invention. A device, circuit or circuit configuration having an overcurrent limiting function is applicable to the IGBT, and the device, circuit or circuit configuration includes: the temperature compensation circuit comprises a controller, a comparator, an overcurrent limiting diode ZD, an overcurrent limiting triode Tr, a current mirror detection IGBT, a first detection resistor R1, a second detection resistor R2, a first temperature compensation diode D1 and a second temperature compensation diode D2.
In step 401, the emitter of the current mirror detection IGBT is connected to a reference voltage terminal on one hand and to the base of the overcurrent limiting triode on the other hand.
In step 402, connecting the base of the over-current limiting triode to the reference voltage end through the first temperature compensation diode, the first detection resistor, the second temperature compensation diode and the second detection resistor which are connected in sequence; connecting a collector of the over-current limiting triode with a base of the current mirror detection IGBT through the over-current limiting diode; and connecting the emitter of the over-current limiting triode with the reference voltage terminal.
In step 403, connecting the positive input terminal of the comparator to the connection point between the first detection resistor and the second temperature compensation diode; and connecting the negative input terminal of the comparator to the reference voltage terminal.
In step 404, the output of the comparator is connected to the input of the controller, and the output of the controller is connected to the base of the current mirror sense IGBT.
Specifically, the over-current limiting diode is a zener diode.
Specifically, the current mirror detection IGBT is composed of tens of thousands of small batteries connected in parallel.
Specifically, the negative input end of the comparator is connected with the positive electrode of a reference voltage source, and the negative electrode of the reference voltage source is connected with the reference voltage end. The temperature coefficients of the first temperature compensation diode and the second temperature compensation diode are about-1.8 mV/DEG C, and the temperature coefficients of the first detection resistor and the second detection resistor sensing resistor are about +1.5 mV/DEG C. The breakdown voltage of the Zener diode is set to be 10-12V so as to limit safe overcurrent.
The present embodiment limits the IGBT, the resistors R1, R2, the temperature compensation diodes D1, D2, the overcurrent limiting transistor Tr, and the zener diode ZD to a given gate voltage by the current mirror detection of the overcurrent limiting circuit. The specific working mode is as follows:
the current sensing IGBT is composed of tens of thousands of small batteries connected in parallel, and the ratio of the number of the main IGBT to the number of the sensing IGBT exceeds thousands to 1. The overcurrent across the resistors R1, R2, the temperature compensating diodes D1, D2 generates Vb between the base and emitter of the bipolar transistor. When Vb exceeds b-e and the built-in voltage exceeds about 0.8V, the overcurrent limiting triode Tr is turned on. At the same time, the gate voltage Vg is immediately lowered from the normal operation gate voltage 15V to about 10-12V, achieving that at the start of overcurrent limitation, the gate voltage drops rapidly to a prescribed value, but a limited overcurrent still continues to flow through the sense resistor, and the sense current flows through R1, R2D1 and D2, and the resulting sense voltage Vs is compared with the specified reference voltage Vref. When Vs exceeds Vref, the controller begins to control soft turn off the IGBT.
To compensate for the temperature dependence of the shunt resistance and the sense current, additional temperature compensating diodes D1 and D2 are added, the temperature coefficient of the diodes being about-1.8 mV/deg.C and the temperature coefficient of the sense resistor being about +1.5 mV/deg.C, in order to achieve the acceptably accurate level of control needed to protect the IGBT from large short circuit conditions.
In this embodiment, when a short circuit occurs, the overcurrent limiting circuit starts to operate first, and Vb instantaneously exceeds the emitter-base voltage by about 0.8V. In short, the bipolar transistor arranged in the circuit starts to conduct and the instantaneous Vg drops to the overcurrent limit ZD voltage, about 10V to 12V, and the overcurrent must limit the saturation current at a given Vge. Then, when the overcurrent detection circuit detects a voltage exceeding the prescribed voltage limit, it turns off the IGBT, achieving that the IGBT will remain safe, so that the safety of the IGBT will be maintained at least 10 μ sec even under severe circuit conditions.
The invention has been described with reference to a few embodiments. However, other embodiments of the invention than the one disclosed above are equally possible within the scope of the invention, as would be apparent to a person skilled in the art from the appended patent claims.
Generally, all terms used in the claims are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the technical field, unless explicitly defined otherwise herein. All references to "a/an/the [ device, component, etc ]" are to be interpreted openly as referring to at least one instance of said device, component, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The steps of any method disclosed herein do not have to be performed in the exact order disclosed, unless explicitly stated.
Claims (10)
1. An apparatus having an overcurrent limiting function, the apparatus being adapted for an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), and the apparatus comprising: the device comprises a controller, a comparator, an overcurrent limiting diode, an overcurrent limiting triode, a current mirror detection IGBT, a first detection resistor, a second detection resistor, a first temperature compensation diode and a second temperature compensation diode;
the emitter of the current mirror detection IGBT is connected with a reference voltage end on one hand and is connected with the base of the over-current limiting triode on the other hand;
the base electrode of the over-current limiting triode is connected with the reference voltage end through the first temperature compensation diode, the first detection resistor, the second temperature compensation diode and the second detection resistor which are sequentially connected; the collector of the over-current limiting triode is connected with the base of the current mirror detection IGBT through the over-current limiting diode; an emitting electrode of the over-current limiting triode is connected with the reference voltage end;
the positive input end of the comparator is connected with the connection point between the first detection resistor and the second temperature compensation diode; the negative input end of the comparator is connected with the reference voltage end;
the output end of the comparator is connected with the input end of the controller, and the output end of the controller is connected with the base electrode of the current mirror detection IGBT; the over-current limiting diode is a Zener diode;
wherein the apparatus further comprises: the IGBT driving circuit comprises a main IGBT region, a separation region and a sensing IGBT region, wherein the separation region is positioned between the main IGBT region and the sensing IGBT region, a plurality of grids are arranged in the main IGBT region and the sensing IGBT region, and the separation region is provided with an overcurrent limiting region for limiting the overcurrent of the IGBT; no trench gate is disposed in the separation region;
an emitter is arranged above the main IGBT region; an n-type drift region is arranged below the main IGBT region, the separation region and the sensing IGBT region, an n + -type buffer region is arranged below the n-type drift region, a p + -type collector region is arranged below the n + -type buffer region, and the collector is connected below the p + -type collector region;
a separation region between the main IGBT and the sense IGBT is arranged without any trench gate unit, and the separation region can avoid interaction, the overcurrent limiting function region being formed on the separation region, via which the withstand time is promoted;
the zener diode, the overcurrent limiting triode, the first temperature compensation diode, the second temperature compensation diode, the first detection resistor and the second detection resistor are formed by any one of the following three growth substrates: performing high-temperature deposition on Poly-Si and performing laser annealing; local epitaxial growth and laser annealing; and an SOI substrate;
when a short circuit occurs, firstly, the overcurrent limiting circuit starts to work, when the voltage Vb instantaneously exceeds the built-in voltage of the base electrode and the emitter electrode, an overcurrent limiting triode arranged in the circuit starts to be conducted, and the instantaneous Vg is reduced to the voltage of the overcurrent limiting ZD, and the overcurrent is limited at the saturation current under the given Vge, and then, when the overcurrent detection circuit detects the voltage exceeding the specified voltage limit value, the current mirror detection IGBT is closed;
the overcurrent at the two ends of the first temperature compensation diode and the second temperature compensation diode generates voltage Vb between the base electrode and the emitting electrode of the overcurrent limiting triode;
vg is the gate voltage of the current mirror detection IGBT.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, the current mirror detection IGBT consisting of tens of thousands of small cells connected in parallel.
3. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-2, a negative input of the comparator connected to a positive terminal of a reference voltage source, a negative terminal of the reference voltage source connected to the reference voltage terminal.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, the first and second temperature compensating diodes having a temperature coefficient of-1.8 mV/° C, and the first and second sense resistors having a temperature coefficient of +1.5mV/° C.
5. The device of claim 1, wherein the breakdown voltage of the zener diode is set to 10 to 12V.
6. A method of constructing a device having an over-current limiting function, the device being adapted for an insulated gate bipolar transistor, IGBT, and the device comprising: the device comprises a controller, a comparator, an overcurrent limiting diode, an overcurrent limiting triode, a current mirror detection IGBT, a first detection resistor, a second detection resistor, a first temperature compensation diode and a second temperature compensation diode;
the method comprises the following steps:
connecting an emitting electrode of the current mirror detection IGBT to a reference voltage end on one hand and to a base electrode of the over-current limiting triode on the other hand;
connecting the base electrode of the over-current limiting triode with the reference voltage end through the first temperature compensation diode, the first detection resistor, the second temperature compensation diode and the second detection resistor which are connected in sequence; connecting a collector of the over-current limiting triode with a base of the current mirror detection IGBT through the over-current limiting diode; and connecting an emitter of the over-current limiting triode with the reference voltage end;
connecting a positive input end of the comparator to a connection point between the first detection resistor and the second temperature compensation diode; and connecting the negative input terminal of the comparator to the reference voltage terminal; and
connecting the output end of the comparator with the input end of the controller, and connecting the output end of the controller with the base electrode of the current mirror detection IGBT; the over-current limiting diode is a Zener diode;
wherein the apparatus further comprises: the IGBT driving circuit comprises a main IGBT region, a separation region and a sensing IGBT region, wherein the separation region is positioned between the main IGBT region and the sensing IGBT region, a plurality of grids are arranged in the main IGBT region and the sensing IGBT region, and the separation region is provided with an overcurrent limiting region for limiting the overcurrent of the IGBT; no trench gate is disposed in the separation region;
an emitter is arranged above the main IGBT region; an n-type drift region is arranged below the main IGBT region, the separation region and the sensing IGBT region, an n + -type buffer region is arranged below the n-type drift region, a p + -type collector region is arranged below the n + -type buffer region, and the collector is connected below the p + -type collector region;
a separation region between the main IGBT and the sense IGBT is arranged without any trench gate unit, and the separation region can avoid interaction, the overcurrent limiting function region being formed on the separation region, via which the withstand time is promoted;
the zener diode, the overcurrent limiting triode, the first temperature compensation diode, the second temperature compensation diode, the first detection resistor and the second detection resistor are formed by any one of the following three growth substrates: high-temperature deposition of Poly-Si and laser annealing; local epitaxial growth and laser annealing; and an SOI substrate;
when a short circuit occurs, firstly, the overcurrent limiting circuit starts to work, when the voltage Vb instantaneously exceeds the built-in base-emitter voltage, an overcurrent limiting triode arranged in the circuit starts to be conducted, and the instantaneous Vg drops to the ZD voltage, and the overcurrent is limited at the saturation current under the given Vge, and then, when the overcurrent detection circuit detects the voltage exceeding the specified voltage limit value, the current mirror detection IGBT is closed;
the overcurrent at two ends of the first detection resistor, the second detection resistor, the first temperature compensation diode and the second temperature compensation diode generates voltage Vb between a base electrode and an emitting electrode of the overcurrent limiting triode;
vg is the gate voltage of the current mirror detection IGBT.
7. The method of claim 6, the current mirror detection IGBT is comprised of tens of thousands of small cells connected in parallel.
8. The method of any one of claims 6-7, connecting a negative input of the comparator to a positive terminal of a reference voltage source, and connecting a negative terminal of the reference voltage source to the reference voltage terminal.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first temperature compensating diode and the second temperature compensating diode have a temperature coefficient of-1.8 mV/° c, and the first sense resistor and the second sense resistor have a temperature coefficient of +1.5mV/° c.
10. The method of claim 6, wherein the breakdown voltage of the Zener diode is set to 10-12V.
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