The utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to propose a kind of active overcurrent sensing circuit exactly, and whether the power supply output line that is used for detecting direct voltage source has excess current, and is protecting point control and the low-cost equilibrium point of obtaining relativity between the two accurately.
The utility model proposes a kind of overcurrent sensing circuit, whether the power supply output line that is used for detecting direct voltage source has excess current, and wherein power supply output line has input end and output terminal.Overcurrent sensing circuit comprises detection resistance, sets resistance, constant current source and voltage comparator.Detect resistance and have first end and second end, first end that detects resistance is coupled to the input end of power supply output line, and second end that detects resistance is coupled to the output terminal of power supply output line.Set resistance and have first end and second end, first end of setting resistance is coupled to the input end of power supply output line.Constant current source is coupled to second end of setting resistance, is used for drawing steady current from second end of setting resistance.Voltage comparator is coupled to second end that detects resistance and second end of setting resistance, be used for the voltage of second end that detects resistance during less than the voltage of second end of setting resistance the output error signal indication detect power supply output line excess current arranged.
In one embodiment, constant current source comprises reference current source and current mirroring circuit.Reference current source is used to produce stable reference current.Current mirroring circuit is coupled to reference current source, is used for producing steady current according to reference current.
In one embodiment, voltage comparator comprises first operational amplifier, second operational amplifier and Zener diode.First operational amplifier has non-inverting input, inverting input and output terminal, and the non-inverting input of first operational amplifier is coupled to second end that detects resistance, and the inverting input of first operational amplifier is coupled to second end of setting resistance.Second operational amplifier has non-inverting input, inverting input and output terminal, and the non-inverting input of second operational amplifier is coupled to reference voltage, and the inverting input of second operational amplifier is coupled to the output terminal of first operational amplifier.Zener diode has cathode terminal and anode tap, the cathode terminal of Zener diode is coupled to the output terminal of second operational amplifier, and the anode tap of Zener diode is at the voltage of second end that detects resistance output error signal during less than the voltage of second end of setting resistance.
The utility model has protection point setting accurately because of the employing constant current source provides stable steady current to set the protection point; wherein constant current source also can adopt current mirroring circuit to duplicate another stable reference current and produce steady current; utilize the transistor that has positive temperature coefficient (PTC) in the current mirroring circuit to come the setting resistance with negative temperature coefficient is carried out temperature compensation and makes the protection point not be subjected to the ambient temperature variable effect, voltage comparator also can adopt a plurality of level criterion of being combined to form of operational amplifier and Zener diode and improve noise resisting ability in addition.
The beneficial effects of the utility model:
The utlity model has the point of protection accurately and set, be not subjected to advantages such as ambient temperature variable effect, antinoise interference and framework are simple.
Embodiment
The circuit diagram of the overcurrent sensing circuit of the preferred embodiment that Fig. 1 provides for the utility model.Please refer to Fig. 1, direct voltage source 2 is pressed Vi by power supply output line 20 output galvanic currents and along with the DC current I1 ' of load variations.When load changed, output current I1 ' may become excessive and direct voltage source 2 and/or load are damaged.Therefore, whether the electric current I 1 ' (or I1) that detects in power supply output line 20 by insertion detection resistance R 1 in power supply output line 20 has excess current.The detection resistance R of inserting 1 makes power supply output line 20 have input end 21 and output terminal 22, and input end 21 receives the voltage Vi and the electric current I 1 ' of direct voltage source 2 outputs, and output terminal 22 output voltage V o and electric current I 1 are to load.Because it is extremely low to detect the resistance value of resistance R 1, the voltage Vo of output terminal 22 approaches the voltage Vi of input end 21, and output current I1 approaches output current I1 '.In the present embodiment, direct voltage source 2 is dc-dc (DC/DC) converter, can be the common type of voltage step-up with isolated form, as inverse-excitation type (flyback), positive activation type (forward), semibridge system or full-bridge converter etc.
Whether the power supply output line 20 that overcurrent sensing circuit 1 is used for detecting direct voltage source 2 has excess current, and wherein power supply output line 20 has input end 21 and output terminal 22.Overcurrent sensing circuit 1 comprises detection resistance R 1, sets resistance R 2, constant current source 11 and voltage comparator 12.Detect resistance R 1 and have first end and second end, first end that detects resistance R 1 is coupled to the input end 21 of power supply output line 20, and second end that detects resistance R 1 is coupled to the output terminal 22 of power supply output line 20.Set resistance R 2 and have first end and second end, first end of setting resistance R 2 is coupled to the input end 21 of power supply output line 20.Constant current source 11 is coupled to second end of setting resistance R 2, is used for drawing steady current I2 from second end of setting resistance R 2.Voltage comparator 12 has first input end (it is denoted as "+"), second input end (it is denoted as "-") and output terminal, and first input end is coupled to second end that detects resistance R 1, and second input end is coupled to second end of setting resistance R 2.Voltage comparator 12 is used at the voltage V1 of first input end during less than the voltage V2 of second input end, promptly at the voltage V1 of second end that detects resistance R 1 during less than the voltage V2 of second end of setting resistance R 2, output error signal Error represents to detect in the power supply output line 20 excess current.This rub-out signal Error can directly should be used for 2 hard closings of order direct voltage source; or be sent to microcontroller (Micro ControlUnit; MCU) by it direct voltage source 2 is made suitable protection, as excising power supply, close load, closing demonstration etc.
Because voltage comparator 12 is the element of high input impedance, the input current of the first input end of voltage comparator 12 and second input end is almost nil, output current I1 almost flows through entirely and detects resistance R 1, steady current I2 almost flows through entirely and sets resistance R 2, in addition, i1 '=i1+i2, wherein i1 ', i1 and i2 are respectively the current value of output current I1 ', I1 and steady current I2.Therefore, the voltage V1=Vi-i1 * r1 of the first input end of voltage comparator 12, and the voltage V2=Vi-i2 * r2 of second input end, wherein r1 and r2 are respectively the resistance value that detects resistance R 1 and set resistance R 2.At the voltage V1 of the first input end of voltage comparator 12 during greater than the voltage V2 of second input end, i1<i2 * r2/r1, this moment, the current value i1 of output current I1 did not exceed standard as yet, and expression does not detect in the power supply output line 20 as yet excess current.At the voltage V1 of the first input end of voltage comparator 12 during less than the voltage V2 of second input end, i1>i2 * r2/r1, this moment, the current value i1 of output current I1 exceeded standard, and expression detects in the power supply output line 20 excess current, and voltage comparator 12 is output error signal Error therefore.So; after the current value i2 of the resistance value r1 that detects resistance R 1, the resistance value r2 that sets resistance R 2 and steady current I2 sets; the protection point of the current value i1 of output current I1 promptly be set to (i2 * r2/r1), in case current value i1 greater than the protection point then at once the holding circuit of output error signal Error notice back to make suitable protection.
In the present embodiment, overcurrent sensing circuit 1 also comprises capacitor C 1, and capacitor C 1 has first end and second end, and first end of capacitor C 1 is coupled to second end that detects resistance R 1, and second end of capacitor C 1 is coupled to second end of setting resistance R 2.Capacitor C 1 can be used for the first input end of voltage comparator 12 and the noise filter between second input end, and simultaneously also transition provides the effect of buffering to input signal.
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of an embodiment of constant current source 11 shown in Figure 1.Please refer to Fig. 2, constant current source 11 comprises reference current source 111 and current mirroring circuit 112.Reference current source 111 is used to produce stable reference current Iref.Current mirroring circuit 112 is coupled to reference current source 111, is used for producing steady current I2 according to reference current Iref.
In the present embodiment, reference current source 111 comprises reference voltage source 113 and transfer resistance R4, and wherein, reference voltage source 113 is used to produce stable reference voltage Vref, and transfer resistance R4 is used for reference voltage Vref is converted to reference current Iref.Reference voltage source 113 comprises input resistance R3 and shunt regulator TL1.Input resistance R3 has first end and second end, and first end of input resistance R3 couples to receive DC voltage Vcc.Because DC/DC converter 2 can be designed to export a plurality of direct supplys of stablizing and having varying level, the direct supply of 12V/1A and 24V/5A for example is provided respectively by two power supply output lines, and overcurrent sensing circuit 1 only needs to carry out the excess current detection at a power supply output line (as 12V/1A) usually, and another power supply output line (as 24V/5A) then can be used to provide DC voltage Vcc.Shunt regulator TL1 has anode tap A, cathode terminal K and reference edge R, can adopt commercially available integrated circuit TL431 etc., anode tap A is coupled to earth terminal, and cathode terminal K is coupled to second end of reference edge R and input resistance R3, the reference voltage Vref that cathode terminal K output is stable.Transfer resistance R4 has first end and second end, and first end of transfer resistance R4 is coupled to cathode terminal K to receive reference voltage Vref, and second end output reference current Iref of transfer resistance R4 is to current mirroring circuit 112.
In the present embodiment, current mirroring circuit 112 comprises the first transistor Q1, transistor seconds Q2 and degeneration resistance R 5, and wherein the first transistor Q1 and transistor seconds Q2 are bipolar transistor.The first transistor Q1 has collector terminal, base terminal and emitter terminal, the collector terminal of the first transistor Q1 is coupled to reference current source 111 to receive reference current Iref, the collector terminal of the first transistor Q1 also is coupled to the base terminal of the first transistor Q1, and the emitter terminal of the first transistor Q1 is coupled to earth terminal.Transistor seconds Q2 has collector terminal, base terminal and emitter terminal, and the collector terminal of transistor seconds Q2 is drawn steady current I2, and the base terminal of transistor seconds Q2 is coupled to the base terminal of the first transistor Q1.Degeneration resistance R 5 has first end and second end, and first end of degeneration resistance R 5 is coupled to second emitter terminal, and second end of degeneration resistance R 5 is coupled to earth terminal.
The steady current I2 that the reference current Iref that the utility model is not exported reference current source 111 directly draws as constant current source 11; produce steady current I2 but utilize current mirroring circuit 112 to duplicate reference current Iref; this is in order to utilize the transistor seconds Q2 that has positive temperature coefficient (PTC) in the current mirroring circuit 112 to come the setting resistance R 2 with negative temperature coefficient is carried out temperature compensation, to make the protection point not be subjected to the influence of ambient temperature variation.To be described further this below: when temperature rises, set resistance R 2 because be negative temperature coefficient unit, its resistance value r2 can descend, and causes the voltage V2 of second input end of voltage comparator 12 higher, therefore protection point temperature influence and drifting about; But transistor seconds Q2 is because be positive temperature coefficient element, and the current value i2 of its output current I2 can rise, and therefore the voltage V2 of second input end of voltage comparator 12 can be retracted normally, protection is put be not subjected to Temperature Influence.In addition, because voltage V2 can approach voltage Vi, if do not add degeneration resistance R 5, then voltage V2 will all be born by transistor seconds Q2, have the phenomenon of temperature drift when causing transistor seconds Q2 work, therefore adding degeneration resistance R 5 is used to share the cross-pressure that voltage V2 drops on transistor seconds Q2.
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of an embodiment of voltage comparator 12 shown in Figure 1.Please refer to Fig. 3, voltage comparator 12 comprises the first operational amplifier OPA1, the second operational amplifier OPA2 and Zener diode ZD1.The first operational amplifier OPA1 has non-inverting input, inverting input and output terminal, the non-inverting input of the first operational amplifier OPA1 is coupled to second end that detects resistance R 1, and the inverting input of the first operational amplifier OPA1 is coupled to second end of setting resistance R 2.The second operational amplifier OPA2 has non-inverting input, inverting input and output terminal, the non-inverting input of the second operational amplifier OPA2 is coupled to reference voltage Vref, and the inverting input of the second operational amplifier OPA2 is coupled to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier OPA1 by resistance R 6.Zener diode ZD1 has cathode terminal and anode tap, the cathode terminal of Zener diode ZD1 is coupled to the output terminal of the second operational amplifier OPA2, and the anode tap of Zener diode ZD1 is at the voltage V1 of second end that detects resistance R 1 output error signal Error during less than the voltage V2 of second end of setting resistance R 2.
The utility model is except the voltage V2 of the voltage V1 of the first input end that adopts the first operational amplifier OPA1 comparative voltage comparer 12 and second input end, also add the second operational amplifier OPA2 and the comparative result of the first operational amplifier OPA1 is carried out anti-phase, the second operational amplifier OPA2 also provides impedance matching effect simultaneously.Here, reference voltage Vref is provided by reference voltage source 113.In addition, the Zener diode ZD1 of serial connection is used to reduce the level that is sent to the back circuit, unless and the voltage of second operational amplifier OPA2 output enough clear and definite, otherwise Zener diode ZD1 can not enter the collapse district, so will improve noise resisting ability just as another level criterion.
In the present embodiment, voltage comparator 12 also comprises resistance R 7 and capacitor C 3.Resistance R 7 has first end and second end, and the cathode terminal of Zener diode ZD1 is coupled to first end of resistance R 7 instead, and second end of resistance R 7 is coupled to the output terminal of the second operational amplifier OPA2.Capacitor C 3 has first end and second end, and first end of capacitor C 3 is coupled to first end of resistance R 7, and second end of capacitor C 3 is coupled to earth terminal.Resistance R 7 and capacitor C 3 are formed the RC wave filter, and the buffering effect of signal transition is provided by the RC time constant.
In sum; the utility model has protection point setting accurately because of the employing constant current source provides stable steady current to set the protection point; wherein constant current source also can adopt current mirroring circuit to duplicate another stable reference current and produce steady current; utilize the transistor that has positive temperature coefficient (PTC) in the current mirroring circuit to come the setting resistance with negative temperature coefficient is carried out temperature compensation and makes the protection point not be subjected to the ambient temperature variable effect, voltage comparator also can adopt a plurality of level criterion of being combined to form of operational amplifier and Zener diode and improve noise resisting ability in addition.Therefore, the utlity model has the point of protection accurately and set, be not subjected to advantages such as ambient temperature variable effect, antinoise interference and framework are simple.
The above only is a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, be not so promptly limit claim of the present utility model, the equivalent structure transformation that every utilization the utility model instructions and accompanying drawing content are done, or directly or indirectly be used in other relevant technical field, all in like manner be included in the claim of the present utility model.