CN102594116B - Power starting circuit - Google Patents
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- CN102594116B CN102594116B CN201210056605.3A CN201210056605A CN102594116B CN 102594116 B CN102594116 B CN 102594116B CN 201210056605 A CN201210056605 A CN 201210056605A CN 102594116 B CN102594116 B CN 102594116B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a power starting circuit. A capacitor is charged by a negative resistance characteristic constant current source, the voltage at the two ends of the capacitor provides voltage or current to a subsequent main body circuit so as to complete the starting of the subsequent main body circuit; when the work voltage of the negative resistance characteristic constant current source is lower than a rated work voltage, the heavier constant current is provided; when the work voltage of the negative resistance characteristic constant current source is higher than the rated work voltage, the lower constant current is provided; when the work voltage of the negative resistance characteristic constant current source is same as the rated work voltage, the rated constant current is provided; and when the work voltage of the negative resistance characteristic constant current source is constant, and the load changes, the output current of the negative resistance characteristic constant current source is constant. According to the invention, when the work voltage rises, the heating value of the power starting circuit can not rise and decline; the starting time of the first charging is shortened; and the input voltage exceeds a limit value, the power starting circuit can conduct self protection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to power starting circuit, particularly the power starting circuit of Switching Power Supply.
Background technology
Power starting circuit purposes is extremely wide, as shown in Figure 1 for single-chip microcomputer provides the circuit of reset signal, along with the electrifying startup of power supply, after very short time of time delay, guarantee that single-chip microcomputer is under stable operating voltage, power starting circuit provides a reset signal, and single-chip microcomputer starts normal work.
Having many uses of sort circuit, not only can also start power supply for Switching Power Supply conduct for monolithic processor resetting, and Switching Power Supply is again converter in the literature.In Fig. 1-2 0 of the 16th page of the selected > > of the < < Switching Power Supply modular design example front page of China Electric Power Publishing House, the circuit that resistance R 2 and resistance R 3 and capacitor C b4 and capacitor C b5 form is exactly power starting circuit, sort circuit structure is widely applied in circuit of power factor correction, circuit of power factor correction, referred to as pfc circuit, is the abbreviation of Power Factor Correction.The International Standard Book Number ISBN 978-7-5083-5500-9 of the selected > > of < < Switching Power Supply modular design example.
Particularly in current photovoltaic industry, the tie point that connects K switch 1 of resistance R 1 in Fig. 1, operating voltage is up to 2000V, and the heating of resistance R 1 more can not be ignored.
In Fig. 1-6 that the modern high frequency switch power practical technique of the < < > > that publish in Electronic Industry Press, Liu Shengli writes is the 1st edition the 11st page, resistance R 27 and capacitor C 12 are also power starting circuits, the 13rd pin Vcc power supply through resistance R 30 to integrated circuit ML4824, this 10th page of countdown line 3 at this book also has explanation.The International Standard Book Number ISBN 7-5053-6929-6 of this book.
This is also the method that current switch power technology often adopts, after the power connection of the circuit such as Switching Power Supply, after namely what is often called " powers on ", civil power (85VAC～265VAC, 50/60Hz) after rectifying and wave-filtering, to main circuit, power, main circuit integrated circuit used generally can only be operated under 36V and following low pressure, what have can only be operated under the DC low-voltage less than 12V, at this moment will be by a power resistor to a capacitor charging, voltage by electric capacity two ends is powered to integrated circuit, after the normal work of integrated electric rood electricity, accessory power supply by Switching Power Supply is powered continuously to integrated circuit, the startup of completing circuit.
Circuit topology shown in Fig. 2 illustrates the above-mentioned course of work preferably, for convenience of description, the main body circuit of Switching Power Supply comprises with main body circuit M1 here, in figure, provide as far as possible compactly relevant principle explanation, other circuit all omits, and alternating current or direct current are through port L and N input, L port ordinary representation alternating current fire wire, N port ordinary representation alternating current zero line, in fact, can exchange in a lot of power supply input occasions.Here take input AC as example, after rectifier bridge U1 rectification, after filter capacitor C2, obtain relatively level and smooth Rectified alternating current, picture pfc circuit, in order to obtain good power factor correction, capacitor C 2 values are very little, and in Fig. 2, A point is approximately the half-wave Rectified alternating current of 100/120Hz, and the power taking end of pfc circuit resistance R 1 (with A point tie point) generally can move on on the output of pfc circuit.
In any case, when powering on, the process that A point all exists a voltage to climb, resistance R 1 completes after startup, and effect is just little, stays heating in vain in circuit, waste energy.
This resistance is generally obtained larger, in Fig. 1-2 0 of the 16th page of the selected > > of < < Switching Power Supply modular design example front page, the resistance of resistance R 2 and resistance R 3 series connection is 363K, actual heating is at 0.44W, because the contact of this resistance is different, during with this circuit real work, the duty ratio of triode Q1 etc. is relevant; And in Fig. 1-6 of the 1st edition the 11st page of the modern high frequency switch power practical technique of < < > >, resistance R 27 values are 39K, and this circuit is applied more in family expenses LCD TV.Its value can be with reference to the technical manual of the disclosed integrated circuit ML4824 of U.S. Fairchild Semiconductor, the data of REV.1.0.6 version, the resistance R 27 on the 6th figure (Figure 6.) wherein, under the input voltage of 85VAC～265VAC, the caloric value of resistance R 27 is 0.137W to 1.64W, even under the input of the 220VAC of standard civil power, the caloric value of resistance R 27 also has 1.1W, this power can not be ignored.Note, resistance R 27 is half-wave Rectified alternating current with the waveform of rectifier bridge tie point, as shown in Figure 4.
At present, also some low power Switching Power Supply, the Switching Power Supply of using as charger, for cost-saving, cancel the auxiliary winding in Switching Power Supply medium/high frequency transformer, cancelled accessory power supply, like this, the diode D1 and the winding N1 that are equivalent in Fig. 2 do not exist, as shown in Fig. 3 topology.Because input voltage is higher, the caloric value of resistance R 1 is larger, so some semiconductor companies have adopted a kind of method, resistance R 1 is changed to a constant-current source and is integrated in IC interior, and allow this constant-current source be operated in discontinuous mode, for reducing integrated circuit (IC) power consumption, the integrated circuit NCP1015 of ONNN of take is example, can be with reference to the technical manual of the disclosed integrated circuit NCP1015 of ONNN company, the data of Rev.3 version, Figure 27 (Figure 27.) wherein, Figure 29 (Figure 29.) shows the circuit diagram of this scheme, Figure 11 (Figure 12.) wherein, Figure 12 (Figure 13.) and the corresponding explanatory note constant-current source of having explained in detail is operated in the operation principle under discontinuous mode, this constant-current source is operated under 8mA, its, heating power was under the input voltage of 85VAC～265VAC moment, caloric value is 0.8W to 2.9W, although be moment heating, when NCP1015 is used in reality, consequent average heating also can not be ignored.
Use resistance as the member of power starting circuit, as shown in Figure 2, while powering up first, owing to there being the device of filter capacitor C2 and restriction civil power loop charging current, be generally NTC thermistor, when so the terminal voltage of filter capacitor C2 starts upwards to climb from OV, the charging current that resistance starts is very little, afterwards just along with the just increase that raises of the terminal voltage of capacitor C 2,, when prior art powers on first, the start-up time of circuit is longer.Fig. 5 has provided and has added first electric process schematic diagram, from 0 to t1 during this period of time, be exactly voltage process of establishing on filter capacitor in circuit, t1 this constantly, can there is overshoot in voltage, this is because of existing certain distributed inductance to cause in loop, and some circuit design are in order to improve differential mode interference free performance, also can people for sealing in inductance, the time compole of overshoot is short, absorption along with the poor filter capacitor of high frequency characteristics, is generally electrochemical capacitor, and this voltage can fall a bit; T1 to t2 has shown this falling process; T2 to t3 during this period of time, because Switching Power Supply is also not activated successfully, consumed energy not, so voltage falls lessly during this period of time, power starting circuit in the meantime success provides necessary voltage, electric current to main body circuit; Main body circuit is started working, and current sinking is larger, and filter capacitor terminal voltage declines, and forms this segment of t3 to t4; When the peak value of next alternating current arrives, again, to filter capacitor charging, form this segment of t4 to t5.
Use resistance R 1 in constant-current source alternate figures 2, can improve the problems referred to above, constant-current source is the same with resistance, and when the input voltage of civil power approaches the upper limit 265VAC allowing, caloric value sharply increases.
In sum, the power starting circuit of conventional art Switching Power Supply, when operating voltage raises, the caloric value of circuit sharply raises, wastes electric energy, the lost of life; Operating voltage raises, and circuit because heating easily damages; Power up first start-up time longer.
Summary of the invention
Have in view of that, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of power starting circuit, allows power starting circuit when operating voltage raises, and circuit caloric value no longer raises or declines; And shorten the start-up time powering up first; When input voltage surpasses limit value, power starting circuit can self-protection.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, a kind of power starting circuit of the present invention, it is characterized in that using negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source, replace original resistance or constant-current source, with capacitances in series, to former main body circuit, provide voltage or electric current, when described negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source self operating voltage is low compared with rated operational voltage, provide larger continuous current; When described negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source self operating voltage is high compared with rated operational voltage, provide less continuous current; When described negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source self operating voltage is identical with rated operational voltage, provide specified continuous current; When described negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source self operating voltage is constant, during load variations, the output current constant current of described negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source.
Described negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source can be any semiconductor device or the electronic circuit of realizing negative resistance charactertistic constant current; Use integrated circuit technology is manufactured.
Described negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source when operating voltage rises to certain predetermined value, no-output electric current.
Operation principle of the present invention is, negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source has replaced former resistance, but the sense of current is consistent, when powering up first, when in circuit, the terminal voltage of filter capacitor starts upwards to climb from OV, the charging current that the resistance of prior art starts is very little, in power starting circuit, voltage rises slow, and negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source of the present invention has replaced former resistance, when the operating voltage of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source is lower, the larger continuous current capacitor charging to power starting circuit is provided, and the capacitance terminal voltage of power starting circuit rises fast, reaches very soon specified starting resistor; And when the terminal voltage of the filter capacitor of circuit rises highlyer, at this moment the terminal voltage of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source also raises, electric current that negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source provides is very little or turn-off, and negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source caloric value is very little.Realized charging when very low of terminal voltage at the filter capacitor of circuit, the electric current of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source is large, but its terminal voltage is low, and the product of electric current and voltage is exactly its caloric value, on the contrary less; After the terminal voltage of the filter capacitor of circuit raises, the electric current of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source is little, although terminal voltage is high, the product of electric current and voltage still can be controlled in very little value, to realize goal of the invention.When the filter capacitor of circuit is very little or do not arrange, operating voltage as shown in Figure 4, the present invention can continuous operation, does not need accessory power supply power supply in circuit, also can realize low-power consumption running.
Operation principle of the present invention is, negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source has replaced former constant-current source, but the sense of current is consistent, when powering up first, the terminal voltage of the filter capacitor of circuit starts upwards to climb from OV, the charging current that the constant-current source of technology starts is now constant, in order to prevent damaging under high working voltage, this On The Current Value is less, in power starting circuit, voltage rises slow, and negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source of the present invention has replaced former constant-current source, when the operating voltage of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source is lower, the larger continuous current capacitor charging to power starting circuit is provided, the capacitance terminal voltage of power starting circuit rises fast, reach very soon specified starting resistor, and when the terminal voltage of the filter capacitor of circuit rises highlyer, at this moment the terminal voltage of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source also raises, electric current that negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source provides is very little or turn-off, and negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source caloric value is very little.Realized charging when very low of terminal voltage at the filter capacitor of circuit, the electric current of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source is large, but its terminal voltage is low, and the product of electric current and voltage is exactly its caloric value, on the contrary less; After the terminal voltage of the filter capacitor of circuit raises, the electric current of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source is little, although terminal voltage is high, but the product of electric current and voltage still can be controlled in very little value, to realize goal of the invention, when the filter capacitor of circuit is very little or do not arrange, operating voltage as shown in Figure 4, the present invention can continuous operation, does not need accessory power supply power supply in circuit, also can realize low-power consumption running.
From operation principle above, can find out; the invention has the advantages that and use after the member of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source as power starting circuit; along with operating voltage raises; circuit under equal conditions; heating power consumption reduces; also therefore,, along with operating voltage raises, power starting circuit of the present invention can self-protection.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the common application circuit schematic diagram of power starting circuit;
Fig. 2 is that power starting circuit is applied in Switching Power Supply, common circuit topology;
Fig. 3 is that power starting circuit is applied in Switching Power Supply, without the common circuit topology of accessory power supply; ;
Fig. 4 is the half-wave Rectified alternating current oscillogram during without filter capacitor;
Fig. 5 is for powering up first, voltage change process schematic diagram on filter capacitor;
Fig. 6 is the electrical symbol of the negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source that uses of the present invention;
Fig. 7-1 is the circuit diagram of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7-2 be first embodiment of the invention physical circuit figure;
Fig. 8-1 is the circuit diagram of second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8-2 are constant current source circuit of negative resistance characteristic figure in second and third embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the circuit diagram of third embodiment of the invention;
Figure 10 is the another kind of scheme circuit diagram of third embodiment of the invention;
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram that oscilloscope detects electric current;
Figure 12 is third embodiment of the invention measured waveform;
Figure 13, Figure 14 are replaceable for above-described embodiment constant current source circuit of negative resistance characteristic figure.
Embodiment
Embodiment is described for convenience, use the symbol shown in Fig. 6 herein, the electrical symbol of the negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source using as the present invention, external characteristic is that the constant-current source of negative resistance charactertistic is former does not have an electrical symbol, this symbol is the thinking of setting up by industry symbol, on original constant-current source symbol, use voltage sign on back slash subscript
urepresent negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source.In the symbol of Fig. 6, the terminal that arrow afterbody is corresponding is that the electric current of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source flows into end, is defined as the anode (Anode) of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source, generally with A, represents; The arrow indication terminal of arrow is the outflow of bus current end of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source, is defined as the negative electrode (CATHODE) of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source, generally with C, represents.
the first embodiment
Fig. 7-1 is the first embodiment, as shown in Fig. 7-1, negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source INR1 and capacitor C 1 series connection, the anode of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source is just connecing power supply, the negative electrode of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source connects capacitor C 1, the other end ground connection of capacitor C 1, the tie point of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source negative electrode and capacitor C 1 forms the output port of power starting circuit, is connected to other circuit.The characteristic of other circuit is that accessory power supply self-powered is not set in other circuit.K switch 1 only represents the imaginary switch while powering on first.
Negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source INR1 has replaced former resistance, but the sense of current is consistent, when powering up first, when the terminal voltage of circuit starts upwards to climb from OV, the charging current that the resistance of prior art starts is very little, in power starting circuit, voltage rises slow, and in first embodiment of the invention, negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source INR1 has replaced former resistance, when the operating voltage of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source is lower, provide larger dynamic continuous current to charge to the capacitor C 1 of power starting circuit, capacitor C 1 terminal voltage of power starting circuit rises fast, reaches very soon specified starting resistor; And when the terminal voltage of the filter capacitor of circuit rises highlyer, as approach 1/3rd of rated operational voltage, at this moment the terminal voltage of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source INR1 also synchronously raises, approach 2/3rds of rated operational voltage, electric current that negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source provides is very little or turn-off, negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source because of the very little caloric value of electric current very little.Realized charging when very low of terminal voltage at circuit, the electric current of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source INR1 is large, but its terminal voltage is low, and the product of electric current and voltage is exactly its caloric value, on the contrary less; After the terminal voltage of circuit raises, the output current of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source INR1 is little, although terminal voltage is high, the product of electric current and voltage still can be controlled in very little value, to realize goal of the invention.
Even if negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source has replaced former constant-current source, because negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source can provide larger electric current when terminal voltage is low, shorten start-up time, and provide less electric current at terminal voltage Gao Shineng, reduced power consumption, equally realizes goal of the invention.
For convenient elaboration its operation principle of the present invention, the operation principle of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source in circuit is first described, negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source consists of voltage detecting circuit, constant-current source, three element circuits of output circuit, and the voltage positive-negative input end of voltage detecting circuit and output circuit is corresponding to be separately connected with the positive and negative of input power; One end of constant-current source connects the plus or minus of input power, and the other end of constant-current source connects respectively absorption edge and the output circuit of voltage detecting circuit; Output circuit provides electric current from described constant-current source to described output circuit is output or amplification output directly.
Fig. 7-2 provide the schematic diagram of the first embodiment, in dotted line frame 101, it is voltage detecting circuit, in dotted line frame 102, it is constant-current source, in dotted line frame 103, it is output circuit, voltage detecting circuit 101 is by resistance R 51, resistance R 52, resistance R 53 and positive-negative-positive triode TR51 form, resistance R 51 one end are connected with resistance R 53 one end, tie point is just forming the input of voltage detecting circuit voltage, connect power supply Vin+, resistance R 51 other ends are connected with one end of resistance R 52, the base stage of tie point connecting triode TR51, the emitter of triode TR51 is connected to the other end of resistance R 53, it is negative that resistance R 52 other ends form the input of voltage detecting circuit voltage, be connected to the ground GND of main body circuit, the collector electrode of triode TR51 is the absorption edge of voltage detecting circuit, constant-current source 102 is a current regulator diode D51, and its anode A is connected to the absorption edge of voltage detecting circuit 101, i.e. the collector electrode of triode TR51, and it is negative that the negative electrode C of current regulator diode D51 is connected to the voltage input of voltage detecting circuit 101, output circuit 103 is comprised of resistance R 54 and resistance R 55, diode D52 and triode TR52 and triode TR53, resistance R 54 is connected with resistance R 55 one end, tie point receive input voltage vin+on, the other end of resistance R 54 is connected with the emitter of triode TR52, base stage, the collector electrode of triode TR52 are connected, and be connected with the base stage of triode TR53, this tie point connects the anode of diode D52, and the negative electrode of diode D52 is connected on the tie point of collector electrode of current regulator diode D51 anode A and triode TR51, the other end of resistance R 55 is connected with the emitter of triode TR53, the output of the collector electrode formation output circuit of triode TR53 just, also be the negative electrode C of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source, be connected to one end of capacitor C 1, and be connected to main body circuit, the other end ground connection of capacitor C 1, the anode A of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source is the tie point of resistance R 51, resistance R 53, resistance R 54, resistance R 55.
If the constant current value of current regulator diode D51 is I1, the electric current of the collector electrode of triode TR51 is I2, Iout is the output current of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source, obviously, Ic+I2=I1, so: Ic=I1-I2, I2 is the electric current of the collector electrode of triode TR51, when the multiplication factor of triode TR51 is larger, the electric current I 2 of collector electrode approximates the emitter current Ie of triode, this electric current equals resistance R 51 both end voltage and deducts triode TR51 base stage to the conduction voltage drop Ube of emitter, and the value divided by resistance R 53, has so:
formula (1)
Wherein, Ube is generally 0.5V to 0.8V, common calculating is got between 0.6V to 0.7V, from formula (1), can find out, the collector current of triode TR51 is proportional to input voltage vin, be that the Absorption Current of voltage detecting circuit is along with operating voltage raises and increases, be the electric current I c of Fig. 7-2 along with operating voltage raises and reduces, and when operating voltage Vin is constant, I2 is also constant, at this moment, output current Ic is also constant current.
Output circuit 103 is mirror-image constant flow sources, Ic is the collector current of triode TR52, the collector current Iout of triode TR53 and the collector current of triode TR52 are proportional relations, according to known theory, in Fig. 7-2, resistance R 54 and resistance R 55 values are when larger, be that their terminal voltages are when higher, as approached or being greater than transistor base to the pressure drop Ube of emitter, the terminal voltage of resistance R 54 and resistance R 55 can be similar to identical, and the collector electrode output current Iout of triode TR53 is:
formula (2)
The numerical value of I2 is still used formula (1) to calculate, from formula (1), can find out, the collector current of triode TR51 is proportional to input voltage vin, be that the Absorption Current of voltage detecting circuit is along with operating voltage raises and increases, be that the collector current Ic of triode TR52 in Fig. 7-2 is along with operating voltage raises and reduces, the pressure drop that this electric current I c forms in resistance R 54 equals the pressure drop at resistance R 55 two ends, when resistance R 55 values were than resistance R 54 hours, the electric current of triode TR53 output (R54/R55) times Ic; When operating voltage Vin is constant, I2 is also constant, and at this moment, output current Iout is also constant current.
Be that triode TR52 and triode TR53 can be operated under different electric currents, realize the object that changes negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source output current size.
Utilize formula (1), be easy to design when Vin+ rises to preset value, electric current I 2 equals electric current I 1, at this moment, because Ic is 0, output circuit 103 no-output electric currents, realized: when operating voltage rises to preset value, described negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source no-output electric current.
In fact, because triode TR52 and triode TR53 are operated under different operating currents, its base stage of triode to emitter voltage drop can be different, cause in ohmically pressure drop also different, as triode TR53 because of operating current large, its base stage to emitter voltage drop can be larger to emitter voltage drop than the base stage that is operated in the triode TR52 under little electric current, so, in resistance R 54, pressure drop meeting is greater than the pressure drop in resistance R 55, flow through smaller that electric current in resistance R 55 can be than formula (2), the resistance that certainly can synchronously improve resistance R 54 and resistance R 55 reduces this impact.Therefore the operating current of triode TR53 can be more a little bit smaller than formula (2), detailed computational methods can be with reference to the 223rd page of this trifle of 3.2.2 current source circuit of < < Basic Analog Electronics > > second edition.By the ratio of controlling resistance R54 and resistance R 55, or resistance R 54 or resistance R 55 use 0 Europe resistance are wherein replaced, can obtain external characteristic and be nonlinear constant current source circuit of negative resistance characteristic, for the main circuit of specific (special) requirements.
This embodiment is also applicable to being applied to DC/DC converter, as 100V DC low-voltage RCC (Ringing Choke Converter) converter.
the second embodiment
Fig. 8-1 is the second embodiment, as shown in figure-1, negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source INR1 and capacitor C 1 series connection, the anode of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source connects the positive voltage terminal of capacitor C 2, the negative electrode of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source connects capacitor C 1, the negative voltage side of another termination capacitor C 2 of capacitor C 1, the tie point of the capacitor C 1 of the anode of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source forms the output port of power starting circuit, be connected to other circuit, the characteristic of other circuit is, in other circuit, be provided with accessory power supply self-powered, as shown in diode D1 in Fig. 8-1 and winding N1.
When powering up first, the second embodiment circuit working principle, with the first embodiment, repeats no more here; After starting successfully, main body circuit M1 normally works, and winding N1 induces alternating voltage, gives main body circuit M1 power supply after diode D1 rectification, capacitor C 1 filtering, realizes the normal work continuously of circuit.Now, because A point voltage is normal, the terminal voltage of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source INR1 is normal, the output current of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source INR1 is very little or turn-offed, output can be thought and turn-off below 200uA, because even A point voltage is direct current 400V, if the terminal voltage of capacitor C 1 is 12V, the heating of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source INR1 is:
P=U * I=(400V-12V) * 2 * 10
-4a=77.6mW ... formula (3)
The caloric value of 77.6mW is very low, and resistance of the prior art or constant-current source are to realize so low caloric value.Negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source INR1, under the normal work of circuit, works online for a long time, and its heating is also extremely low, realizes goal of the invention.
Fig. 8-2 provide the concrete schematic diagram of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source in the second embodiment, in conjunction with Fig. 8-1, and negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source voltage detecting circuit 101, constant-current source 102, output circuit 103, the ac input end of rectification circuit U1 connects and exchanges input, and the ac input end of rectification circuit has two, can exchange in theory, does not distinguish too here, voltage detecting circuit 101 in Fig. 8-2 in rectification circuit output end A to GND parallel connection, voltage detecting circuit 101 is by resistance R 21, resistance R 22, resistance R 23, and positive-negative-positive triode TR21, NPN type triode TR22 forms, voltage detecting circuit 101 is realized with mirror-image constant flow source in the present embodiment, resistance R 21 is connected with resistance R 23 one end, tie point is just forming voltage detecting input, just connect power supply, be that rectification is just being exported, the other end of resistance R 21 is connected with the emitter of triode TR21, the base stage of triode TR21, collector electrode is connected, and be connected with the base stage of triode TR22, one end of this tie point contact resistance R22, it is negative that the other end of resistance R 22 forms voltage detecting input, connect rectification output negative, with reference to ground GND, the other end of resistance R 23 is connected with the emitter of triode TR22, and the current collection of triode TR22 is voltage inspection absorption edge very, the collector electrode of triode TR22 is connected to the collector electrode of triode TR24 in constant-current source 102 circuit, constant-current source 102 is comprised of resistance R 24 and resistance R 25 and NPN type triode TR23 and NPN type triode TR24, the annexation of this circuit is known technology, can be referring to the < < Basic Analog Electronics > > second edition of being edited by Tong Shibai, this book be for No. ISBN 7-04-000868-8/TN53, 266 pages of figure P3-21 in < < Basic Analog Electronics > >, 270 pages of figure P3-32, so here no longer describe in detail, its continuous current is about:
formula (4)
In formula, I1 is the continuous current of the collector electrode of triode TR24 in Fig. 8-2, and UBE is base stage, the emitter voltage drop of triode TR23, and silicone tube is generally got 0.6V left and right, also can be according to measured value substitution, R
25resistance for resistance R 25.
When certain reason makes the collector current of triode TR24 become large, the emitter current of triode TR24 can synchronously become large, the pressure drop of this electric current in resistance R 25 becomes large, make the base current of triode TR23 become large, triode TR23 has amplified this base current, it is large that its collector current becomes, and make the base voltage of triode TR24 increase, thereby the collector current of triode TR24 is returned to the numerical value of formula (4).
When certain reason diminishes the collector current of triode TR24, the emitter current of triode TR24 can synchronously diminish, the pressure drop of this electric current in resistance R 25 diminishes, the base current of triode TR23 is diminished, triode TR23 is tending towards cut-off, triode TR23 collector current diminishes, and the base voltage of triode TR24 is declined, thereby the collector current of triode TR24 is returned to the numerical value of formula (4).
Output circuit 103 is by voltage stabilizing didoe D21, NPN type triode TR25, and resistance R 26 forms, the collector electrode of triode TR24 in anodic bonding constant-current source 102 circuit of voltage stabilizing didoe D21, the base stage of the negative electrode connecting triode TR25 of voltage stabilizing didoe D21, the emitting stage contact resistance R26 of triode TR25, another termination power of resistance R 26 just, be that positive A point is exported in rectification, the collector electrode level of triode TR25 is exactly the output port of output circuit, also be the negative electrode C of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source, be connected to one end of capacitor C 1, and be connected to main body circuit, the other end ground connection GND of capacitor C 1, the anode A of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source is resistance R 21, resistance R 23, the tie point A of resistance R 26.
Its principle is: constant-current source 102 provides electric current to voltage detecting circuit 101 and output circuit 103, the electric current I c sum that the electric current I 2 that the electric current I 1 flowing through in constant-current source 102 provides to voltage detecting circuit for constant-current source and constant-current source provide to output circuit; The feature of voltage detecting circuit 101 is, along with operating voltage rises, the Absorption Current I2 of voltage detecting circuit is larger, electric current I that constant-current source 102 provides to voltage detecting circuit 2 increases, corresponding the reducing of electric current I c that constant-current source 102 provides to output circuit 103, electric current I c by the proportional amplification of triode TR25 after, still reduce, when electric current I 2 is equal with electric current I 1, electric current I c is 0, triode TR25 no-output.If A point voltage instant value is Vin in Fig. 8-2, resistance R 21 and resistance R 23 values are when larger, be that their terminal voltages are when higher, as approached or be greater than triode TR21 base stage to the pressure drop Ube of emitter, the terminal voltage of resistance R 21 and resistance R 23 can be similar to identical, and the collector electrode output current I2 of triode TR22 is about:
formula (5)
Be easy to design when Vin+ rises to preset value, electric current I 2 equals electric current I 1, at this moment, because Ic is 0, output circuit 103 no-output electric currents, realized: when operating voltage rises to preset value, described negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source no-output electric current.
Negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source has been realized the circuit function of self, so, as analyzing above, the second embodiment Fig. 8-1, also just realizes goal of the invention, power starting circuit of the present invention, when powering on to main body circuit supply, after the normal work of main body circuit, power starting circuit of the present invention is realized low-power consumption, and resistance of the prior art or constant-current source can produce considerable power consumption.
the 3rd embodiment
Fig. 9 is the 3rd embodiment, use power starting circuit of the present invention, realized the lower cost solution without accessory power supply power supply, as shown in Figure 9, negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source INR1 and capacitor C 1 series connection, the anode of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source INR1 connects the output cathode B point of rectifier bridge U1, and its tie point is also connected to the anode of diode D1, the negative electrode of diode D1 is connected to one end of capacitor C 2, and is connected to main body circuit M1; The negative electrode of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source connects capacitor C 1, the negative voltage side of another termination capacitor C 2 of capacitor C 1 and the output negative pole of rectifier bridge U1, and tie point is also connected to the other end of main body circuit M1; The tie point of the negative electrode of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source and capacitor C 1 forms the output port of power starting circuit, is connected to main body circuit M1, and the characteristic of main body circuit M1 is that accessory power supply self-powered is not set.Negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source INR1 adopts the circuit shown in Fig. 8-2 equally.
Figure 10 shows same realization without the lower cost solution of accessory power supply power supply, and negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source INR1 adopts the circuit shown in Fig. 8-2 equally.The same with Fig. 9, the work wave of the anode of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source INR1 (being equal to the B point in Fig. 9, Figure 10) as shown in Figure 4.In Figure 10 circuit, with diode D1a and diode D1b, independently produce half-wave Rectified alternating current, and capacitor C 2 is directly connected on the output cathode of rectifier bridge U1.
B point work wave in Fig. 9, Figure 10 as shown in Figure 4, for half-wave Rectified alternating current, when this voltage from 0V when rising, be that B point voltage is during higher than capacitor C 1 terminal voltage, it is upper that the voltage exceeding all drops on negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source INR1, and negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source INR1 provide larger charging current to capacitor C 1, when the terminal voltage of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source INR1 further raises, negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source INR1 to the charging current of capacitor C 1 along with reducing, until turn-off.Charging when the B point voltage realized at circuit is very low, the electric current of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source INR1 is large, but the terminal voltage of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source INR1 is low, and the product of electric current and voltage is exactly its caloric value, on the contrary less; After the B of circuit point voltage raises, the output current of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source INR1 is little, although negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source INR1 terminal voltage is high, the product of electric current and voltage still can be controlled in very little value, to realize goal of the invention.
The effect of the 3rd embodiment is described with one group of experimental data below, negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source INR1 adopts the circuit of Fig. 8-2, the B point in anode A point map interlinking 9, Figure 10 wherein, the output negative pole of rectifier bridge U1 in ground wire GND map interlinking 9 in Fig. 8-2, Figure 10 (the anodic bonding point of diode DU3 and diode DU4), in Fig. 8-2, the collector electrode of triode TR25 is exactly the negative electrode C of negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source INR1, is connected to capacitor C 1.
Take Figure 10 as example, and the parameter of circuit is as follows:
Diode DU1, diode DU2, diode DU3, diode DU4, diode D1a, diode D1b are 1N4007; Voltage stabilizing didoe D21 is 3.3V voltage-stabiliser tube; Capacitor C 1 is 10uF electrochemical capacitor, and capacitor C 2 is 10uF/400V electrochemical capacitor, and Figure 10 circuit is made the Switching Power Supply of power output 5W, and main body circuit adopts this sheet integrated circuit of NCP1015 of the ON company of mentioning above.Integrated circuit NCP1015 peripheral components parameter has adopted disclosed Figure 27 of this device technology handbook (Figure 27.), can be with reference to the technical manual of the disclosed integrated circuit NCP1015 of ONNN company, the data of Rev.3 version, the wherein peripheral parameter on Figure 27 (Figure 27.).The collector electrode that the first pin Vcc of integrated circuit NCP1015 is connected to triode TR25 in Figure 11 through a current-limiting resistance is to the tie point between capacitor C 1.
Resistance R 21 is 51K Ω, and resistance R 22 is 10M Ω, and resistance R 23 is 1K Ω, and resistance R 24 is 3.3M Ω, and resistance R 25 is 5.1K Ω, and resistance R 26 is 220 Ω; Triode TR21, triode TR22, triode TR25 are the PNP triode of A92 model, withstand voltage 300V, and multiplication factor is between 150 to 200; Triode TR23, triode TR24 are the NPN triode of A42 model, withstand voltage 300V, and multiplication factor is between 150 to 200.
The operation principle of Fig. 8-2 has explanation in a second embodiment, here in conjunction with actual parameter, again illustrate, in Fig. 8-2, in dotted line frame 101, it is voltage detecting circuit, in dotted line frame 102, be constant-current source, is output circuit in dotted line frame 103, and dotted line frame 102 is interior is about 95uA for the continuous current of constant-current source, adopt above-mentioned parameter, its characteristic actual measurement as shown in Table 1.
Table one
In dotted line frame 101, it is voltage detecting circuit, operating voltage is higher, the collector current I2 of its triode TR22 is larger, absorbed the electric current I 1 of constant-current source 102, like this through D21 to output circuit in the base current Ic of triode TR25 will diminish, output current after triode TR25 amplifies also can reduce, and the static properties of this circuit of measured drawing 8-2 is as following table two:
Table two
After circuit general assembly completes, as Figure 11, in the negative pole of capacitor C 1, seal in the detection resistance R t of 68 Ω, utilize oscilloscope to observe and detect resistance R t terminal voltage, can know charging current, as shown in figure 11, oscillographic 1 passage is observed E point waveform in Figure 11, oscillographic 2 passages are observed B point waveform in Figure 11, and oscillographic model is Tyke (Tektronix) TDS3012C.
Figure 12 is measured waveform, in figure, 104 indications is oscilloscope 1 passage, in figure, 105 indications is oscilloscope 2 passages, the waveform of 2 passages is the half-wave Rectified alternating current of civil power after rectification, peak value is 140V, and input AC is about 100VAC, and this waveform is very nonstandard, this is because the on-site civil power damage ratio of applicant is more serious, through isolation, step-down shape, does not become; The waveform of oscilloscope 1 passage is the charge waveforms of the third embodiment of the present invention, can see, its peak value is 1.36V, divided by detecting resistance R t, is current value, is about 20mA, has verified above-mentioned operation principle completely.
The circuit of Fig. 8-2 all adopts surface mount elements to form, and in Figure 10 circuit, Switching Power Supply is to be fully loaded with work, and circuit reaches after heat balance, and in Fig. 8-2, its temperature measurement of triode TR25 is in 6 degree left and right, and in Fig. 8-2, the temperature rise of other triode is all below 2 degree; And this sheet integrated circuit of NCP1015, by prior art, adopt its inner 8mA constant-current source discontinuous power supply, under the condition of fully loaded output 5W, under input voltage 100VAC, the temperature rise of integrated circuit NCP1015 is 53 degree, and adopts third embodiment of the invention under equal conditions, the temperature rise of integrated circuit NCP1015 is 39 degree, and 14 degree have declined.
Visible, the present invention no matter principle, or from experimentally, has verified and can realize goal of the invention.No matter be which kind of main body circuit, the present invention can realize the effect that reduces power consumption, and because when low cane, charging current is large, uses power starting circuit of the present invention, and the time to normal work can shorten from power on.
Below be only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that above-mentioned preferred implementation should not be considered as limitation of the present invention; For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, as adopt known triode multiple tube to replace corresponding triode; With positive-negative-positive triode, replace NPN type triode, and power input voltage polarity conversely; Negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source also can adopt has circuit form of above-mentioned negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source etc. as Figure 13, Figure 14 and other.These improve, retouch and equivalence replacement also can realize the object of the invention, should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a power starting circuit, is characterized in that: by negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source, to capacitor charging, by the voltage at described electric capacity two ends, to follow-up main body circuit, provide voltage or electric current, complete the startup of described follow-up main body circuit;
When described negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source self operating voltage is low compared with rated operational voltage, provide large continuous current; When described negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source self operating voltage is high compared with rated operational voltage, provide little continuous current; When described negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source self operating voltage is identical with rated operational voltage, provide specified continuous current; When described negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source self operating voltage is constant, during load variations, the output current constant current of described negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source;
Described negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source consists of voltage detecting circuit, constant-current source, output circuit; The voltage positive-negative input end of described voltage detecting circuit and described output circuit is corresponding to be separately connected with the positive and negative of input power; One end of described constant-current source connects the plus or minus of described input power, and the other end of described constant-current source connects respectively absorption edge and the described output circuit of described voltage detecting circuit; Described output circuit provides electric current from described constant-current source to described output circuit amplifies output.
2. power starting circuit according to claim 1, is characterized in that: after the normal startup of described follow-up main body circuit, the accessory power supply in described follow-up main body circuit is powered continuously to described follow-up main body circuit, the startup of completing circuit.
3. power starting circuit according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source operating voltage rises to preset value, and described negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source no-output electric current.
4. power starting circuit according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described negative resistance charactertistic constant-current source is for being used integrated circuit technology manufacture.
5. the application of the arbitrary described power starting circuit of claim 1 to 4 in Switching Power Supply.
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| CN111509967B (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2023-09-05 | 深圳市元征科技股份有限公司 | DC-DC power-on self-starting control circuit and control method thereof |
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| CN201462725U (en) * | 2009-05-22 | 2010-05-12 | 阎智广 | AC combined type rectifying and current-controlled LED lighting lamp circuit |
| US7719860B2 (en) * | 2003-07-15 | 2010-05-18 | Sanken Electric Co., Ltd. | Power supply and its controlling method |
| CN101951137A (en) * | 2010-10-12 | 2011-01-19 | 苏州大学 | High-voltage start-up circuit |
| CN102291887A (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2011-12-21 | 南京化工职业技术学院 | High-power light emitting diode (LED) driving circuit |
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| US7719860B2 (en) * | 2003-07-15 | 2010-05-18 | Sanken Electric Co., Ltd. | Power supply and its controlling method |
| CN201462725U (en) * | 2009-05-22 | 2010-05-12 | 阎智广 | AC combined type rectifying and current-controlled LED lighting lamp circuit |
| CN101951137A (en) * | 2010-10-12 | 2011-01-19 | 苏州大学 | High-voltage start-up circuit |
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