CN111363635B

CN111363635B - Preparation and use method of anti-freezing foam detergent for radioactive contamination decontamination

Info

Publication number: CN111363635B
Application number: CN202010254066.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 习海玲; 张�浩; 林晓艳; 李战国; 王毅; 罗学刚
Original assignee: Institute Of Chemical Defense Chinese Academy Of Military Sciences; Southwest University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Institute Of Chemical Defense Chinese Academy Of Military Sciences; Southwest University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2020-04-02
Filing date: 2020-04-02
Publication date: 2021-07-27
Anticipated expiration: 2040-04-02
Also published as: CN111363635A

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation and use method of an anti-freezing foam detergent for radioactive contamination decontamination, which relates to the field of radioactive contamination decontamination and solves the problem that the existing radioactive contamination foam decontamination technology cannot effectively decontaminate at a low temperature. The foam detergent prepared by the invention can be used at a low temperature of-35-0 ℃, has slow foam liquid discharge process, long half-life period and good stability, has the decontamination time of 10-50 min, can effectively decontaminate radioactive pollution on the solid surface, and is suitable for decontamination and elimination of the radioactive pollution in low-temperature areas.

Description

Preparation and use method of anti-freezing foam detergent for radioactive contamination decontamination

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of radioactive pollution decontamination, and particularly relates to a preparation method and a use method of an anti-freezing biomass-based foam decontaminating agent for radioactive pollution decontamination, which are particularly suitable for radioactive pollution decontamination and decontamination treatment in low-temperature areas.

Background

With the development of economy, nuclear energy development is driven by increasing energy demand. Although the safety of nuclear energy is high nowadays, the risk of surface radioactive contamination still exists in the process of nuclear energy development, use and nuclear facility decommissioning. In the decontamination process of radioactive contamination on the surface, the decontamination treatment is usually performed by adopting liquid decontamination, film formation decontamination, foam decontamination and the like, so that the radioactive contamination is quickly and efficiently reduced to the minimum.

The adoption of liquid decontamination has the disadvantages of large corrosion to the surface of an object, large amount of generated radioactive waste liquid, large difficulty in later-stage waste liquid treatment, easy immersion of the waste liquid containing the radionuclide in a building and the ground in the recovery process, and secondary pollution which is difficult to remove caused inside the object. The film-forming decontamination is adopted, the film-forming time is long, the film is easy to damage and difficult to peel, the decontamination effect on vertical walls and ceilings is poor, and the decontamination cost is high. And the foam is adopted for decontamination, the corrosion to the surface of an object is small, the decontamination time is short, the cost is low, the foam is easy to recover, secondary pollution is not easy to cause, the amount of generated waste liquid is only 1/5-1/10 of liquid decontamination, and the foam is widely applied to decontamination of decommissioned nuclear facilities. However, the currently reported foam detergents are generally used above room temperature, and under low-temperature environmental conditions, especially in low-temperature areas, when the temperature is reduced to below 0 ℃, the foam detergents are frozen, cannot generate foams, cannot be sprayed, and cannot be subjected to decontamination treatment. The application requirements of nuclear emergency treatment such as quick decontamination and decontamination of radioactive pollution in low-temperature areas cannot be met, so that the development of an anti-freezing foam decontaminating agent suitable for radioactive pollution decontamination and decontamination in low-temperature areas is urgently needed.

In the process of using foam for decontamination, the foam is required to have the highest stability, namely, the foam generated by the foam decontaminant is not easy to break, the half-life period is as long as possible, and the excellent wetting and interface properties of the foam are fully exerted, so that the good decontamination effect is achieved. Meanwhile, the foam with high stability is not easy to discharge liquid and easy to recover, and the problem of secondary pollution caused by liquid diffusion due to the fact that a large amount of liquid is generated by the foam with low stability before recovery can be solved. The proper foam stabilizer is added into the foam detergent, so that the stability of the foam can be greatly improved, and the half-life period of the foam is prolonged.

The contamination is classified into three types, i.e., attachment contamination, surface contamination and deep contamination, according to the degree of radionuclide contamination. For the attached pollution of radionuclide, good decontamination effect can be achieved only by foam with good stability and long half-life. For surface pollution and deep pollution of radionuclide, good decontamination effect can be achieved only by using foam loaded acid or chelating agent with good stability and long half-life period. However, the surface of the object often has three kinds of radionuclide contamination including adhesion contamination, surface contamination and deep contamination at the same time, and an acid or a chelating agent needs to be added into the foam for decontamination, but the unmatched acid or chelating agent causes poor stability and reduced half-life of the foam, and the advantage of foam decontamination cannot be exerted. Therefore, the selection of a matching acid or chelating agent is an important link for the successful development of the radionuclide foam detergent.

The foaming agent is a key component of the foam detergent and usually consists of a surfactant, and the biomass-based surfactant is wide in raw material source, has good biocompatibility and biodegradability, is usually non-toxic or low-toxic, is environment-friendly and has wide application prospects in the foam detergent.

In order to realize the purpose of radioactive pollution decontamination in low-temperature areas, the decontaminating agent firstly has the antifreezing function, is not frozen in the low-temperature areas, can foam, has high foam stability and has good decontamination effect. In order to prevent the detergent from freezing under low temperature conditions, a freezing preventing agent may be added to the foam detergent. However, the addition of an unsuitable anti-freezing agent to a foam detergent may result in failure of the foaming agent to foam, failure of the foam stabilizer to stabilize, and deterioration of the action of the acid or chelating agent. Therefore, the antifreezing biomass-based foam detergent with high stability and good decontamination effect for radioactive contamination decontamination is developed in a foam system in which an antifreezing agent, a foaming agent, a foam stabilizer aid and an acid or chelating agent exist simultaneously, and has important significance for nuclear emergency treatment in low-temperature areas.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide the advantages described hereinafter.

To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided an antifreeze foam detergent for decontamination of radioactive contamination, the detergent comprising in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of biomass-based foaming agent, 0.2-0.4 part of biomass foam stabilizer, 0.05-0.2 part of foam stabilizer auxiliary agent, 1-2 parts of organic acid, 30-50 parts of antifreezing agent and 45-70 parts of water.

Preferably, the biomass-based foaming agent is a combination of two or more of alkyl glycoside, tea saponin, rhamnolipid, sophorolipid and sodium alpha-alkenyl sulfonate.

Preferably, the biomass-based foaming agent is alkyl glycoside, alpha-alkenyl sodium sulfonate, tea saponin and rhamnolipid in a weight ratio of 5-6: 4-5: 2-3: 1-2.

Preferably, the biomass-based foaming agent is alkyl glycoside, alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate, tea saponin and rhamnolipid in a weight ratio of 6:4:3: 1.

Preferably, the biomass foam stabilizer is one or a combination of more of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, xanthan gum and carrageenan; the foam stabilizing auxiliary agent is one or a combination of more of n-decanol, n-dodecanol, dodecyl ethanolamine, dodecyl glyceryl ether and n-decyl glyceryl ether.

Preferably, the organic acid is one or more of oxalic acid, citric acid, sulfamic acid, tartaric acid and glycolic acid; the antifreezing agent is one or more of methanol, ethanol, glycol and glycerol.

Preferably, the antifreezing agent is ethylene glycol, ethanol, methanol and glycerol in a weight ratio of 30-35: 4-5: 1-2: 2-3.

Preferably, the antifreeze is ethylene glycol, ethanol, methanol and glycerol in a weight ratio of 30:5:2: 3.

The invention also provides a method for preparing the antifreeze foam detergent for radioactive contamination decontamination, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

dispersing a biomass foam stabilizer and a foam stabilizing auxiliary agent in an antifreezing agent in sequence, and stirring for 10-30 min to obtain the uniformly dispersed antifreezing agent containing the biomass foam stabilizer and the foam stabilizing auxiliary agent;

stirring and dissolving the biomass-based foaming agent in ultrapure water at the temperature of 40-60 ℃ for 20-40 min, cooling to room temperature, adding organic acid, and stirring for 5-20 min to obtain an aqueous solution containing the biomass-based foaming agent and the organic acid;

and step three, mixing the antifreezing agent obtained in the step one and the aqueous solution obtained in the step two, cooling to-35-0 ℃, and stirring at a high speed of 2000-5000 r/min to obtain the antifreezing biomass-based foam detergent for radioactive contamination decontamination.

The invention also provides a using method of the anti-freezing foam detergent for radioactive contamination decontamination, which is characterized in that the anti-freezing biomass-based foam detergent is sprayed on the surface of a radioactive contamination plate, decontamination is carried out at the low temperature of minus 35 ℃ to 0 ℃, standing is carried out for 10-50 min after the solid surface is completely covered with foam, and the foam is sucked away by a foam absorption device to finish decontamination. The plate is any one of ceramic, stainless steel, glass, marble and alkyd paint plate.

The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:

(1) the foam detergent prepared by the invention can not be frozen in a low-temperature environment with the temperature of-35 ℃, and has excellent foaming performance, stability and decontamination performance; solves the problem that the prior foam detergent for radioactive contamination decontamination can not carry out decontamination under the low temperature condition.

(2) The anti-freezing foam detergent prepared by the invention has the advantages of good foam stability generated at low temperature, long half-life period, short decontamination time, difficult foam liquid drainage, easy recovery of foam after decontamination, and avoidance of secondary pollution caused by liquid diffusion due to the generation of a large amount of liquid before recovery of foam.

(3) The anti-freezing foam detergent prepared by the invention has good compounding property of various components and strong foam loading capacity, can load organic acid to decontaminate the surface of an object, and has small corrosivity on the surface of the object.

(4) The raw materials adopted in the invention are mostly biomass materials which are rich in resources, renewable, degradable and environment-friendly; the detergent is non-toxic or low-toxic, degradable and environment-friendly.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the alpha ray detergency of example 1 for U (IV) contamination of surfaces of different materials placed vertically and horizontally at an ambient temperature of-11.7 ℃;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the beta ray detergency of example 1 for U (IV) contamination of surfaces of different materials placed vertically and horizontally at an ambient temperature of-11.7 ℃;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the alpha ray detergency of example 2 for U (IV) contamination of surfaces of different materials placed vertically and horizontally at an ambient temperature of-11.7 ℃;

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the beta ray decontamination rate of example 2 for U (IV) contamination of vertically and horizontally disposed surfaces of different materials at an ambient temperature of-11.7 ℃;

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the alpha ray decontamination rate of example 3 for U (IV) contamination of surfaces of different materials placed vertically and horizontally at an ambient temperature of-25 ℃;

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the beta ray decontamination rate of example 3 for U (IV) contamination of surfaces of different materials placed vertically and horizontally at an ambient temperature of-25 ℃.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.

It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.

Example 1:

an antifreeze foam detergent for decontamination of radioactive contamination, the detergent comprising in combination: 1.3g of biomass-based foaming agent, 0.3g of biomass foam stabilizer, 0.1g of foam stabilizer auxiliary agent, 1g of organic acid, 40g of antifreezing agent and 57.3g of water; the biomass-based foaming agent is a mixture of 0.75g of alkyl glycoside and 0.55g of alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate; the biomass foam stabilizer is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; the foam stabilizing auxiliary agent is n-dodecanol; the organic acid is citric acid; the antifreezing agent is ethylene glycol.

A method of preparing an antifreeze foam detergent for decontamination of radioactive contamination as described above, comprising:

step one, sequentially adding 0.3g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.1g of n-dodecanol into 40g of ethylene glycol, and stirring for 20min to obtain a uniformly dispersed antifreezing agent containing a foam stabilizer and a foam stabilizing auxiliary agent;

step two, stirring and dissolving 0.75g of alkyl glycoside and 0.55g of alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate in 57.3g of water at the temperature of 50 ℃ for 30min, cooling to room temperature, then adding 1g of citric acid, and stirring for 10min to obtain an aqueous solution containing a foaming agent and organic acid;

and step three, mixing the prepared antifreezing agent containing the foam stabilizer and the foam stabilizer auxiliary agent with an aqueous solution containing the foaming agent and the organic acid, cooling to-11.7 ℃, and stirring at a high speed of 3000r/min to obtain the antifreezing biomass-based foam detergent for radioactive contamination decontamination.

A method for using the anti-freezing foam detergent for radioactive contamination decontamination is characterized in that the prepared foam detergent is sprayed on the surfaces of a glass plate, an alkyd paint plate, a stainless steel plate and a ceramic plate which are horizontally and vertically placed and polluted by U (IV) at the ambient temperature of-11.7 ℃, and after standing for 30min, a foam absorption device is used for absorbing the decontaminated foam; the alpha ray decontamination rate of the formula on U (IV) polluted surfaces of different materials which are vertically and horizontally placed is shown in table 1; and beta ray detergency are shown in table 2. The alpha-ray decontamination rate of the formula on the U (IV) surface of different materials which are vertically and horizontally placed is shown in figure 1, and the beta-ray decontamination rate of the formula on the U (IV) surface of different materials which are vertically and horizontally placed is shown in figure 2.

Example 2:

an antifreeze foam detergent for decontamination of radioactive contamination, the detergent comprising in combination: 1.5g of biomass-based foaming agent, 0.3g of biomass foam stabilizer, 0.1g of foam stabilizer auxiliary agent, 1.2g of organic acid, 40g of antifreezing agent and 56.9g of water; the biomass-based foaming agent is a mixture of 0.75g of alkyl glycoside, 0.55g of alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate and 0.2g of tea saponin; the biomass foam stabilizer is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; the foam stabilizing auxiliary agent is n-dodecanol; the organic acid is 1g of oxalic acid and 0.2g of glycolic acid; the antifreezing agent is ethylene glycol.

step two, stirring and dissolving 0.75g of alkyl glycoside, 0.55g of alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate and 0.2g of tea saponin in 56.9g of water at the temperature of 50 ℃ for 30min, cooling to room temperature, then adding 1g of oxalic acid and 0.2g of glycolic acid, and stirring for 10min to obtain an aqueous solution containing a foaming agent and organic acid;

A method for using the anti-freezing foam detergent for radioactive contamination decontamination is characterized in that the prepared foam detergent is sprayed on the surfaces of a glass plate, an alkyd paint plate, a stainless steel plate and a ceramic plate which are horizontally and vertically placed and polluted by U (IV) at the ambient temperature of-11.7 ℃, and after standing for 30min, a foam absorption device is used for absorbing the decontaminated foam; the alpha ray decontamination rate of the formula on U (IV) polluted surfaces of different materials which are vertically and horizontally placed is shown in table 1; and beta ray detergency are shown in table 2. The alpha-ray decontamination rate of the formula on the U (IV) surface of different materials which are vertically and horizontally placed is shown in figure 3, and the beta-ray decontamination rate of the formula on the U (IV) surface of different materials which are vertically and horizontally placed is shown in figure 4.

Example 3:

an antifreeze foam detergent for decontamination of radioactive contamination, the detergent comprising in combination: 1.2g of biomass-based foaming agent, 0.3g of biomass foam stabilizer, 0.1g of foam stabilizer auxiliary agent, 1g of organic acid, 45g of antifreezing agent and 52.4g of water; the biomass-based foaming agent is a mixture of 0.55g of alkyl glycoside, 0.45g of alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate and 0.2g of tea saponin; the biomass foam stabilizer comprises 0.2g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.1g of hydroxyethyl cellulose; the foam stabilizing auxiliary agent is n-dodecanol; the organic acid is citric acid; the antifreeze is 40g of ethylene glycol and 5g of methanol.

step one, sequentially adding 0.2g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 0.1g of hydroxyethyl cellulose and 0.1g of n-dodecanol into 40g of ethylene glycol and 5g of methanol, and stirring for 20min to obtain a uniformly dispersed antifreezing agent containing a foam stabilizer and a foam stabilizing auxiliary agent;

step two, stirring and dissolving 0.55g of alkyl glycoside, 0.45g of alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate and 0.2g of tea saponin in 52.4g of water at the temperature of 50 ℃ for 30min, cooling to room temperature, then adding 1g of citric acid, and stirring for 10min to obtain an aqueous solution containing a foaming agent and organic acid;

and step three, mixing the prepared antifreezing agent containing the foam stabilizer and the foam stabilizer auxiliary agent with an aqueous solution containing the foaming agent and the organic acid, cooling to-25 ℃, and stirring at a high speed of 3000r/min to obtain the antifreezing biomass-based foam detergent for radioactive contamination decontamination.

A method for using the anti-freezing foam detergent for radioactive contamination decontamination is characterized in that the prepared foam detergent is sprayed on the surfaces of a glass plate, an alkyd paint plate, a stainless steel plate and a ceramic plate which are horizontally and vertically placed and polluted by U (IV) at the ambient temperature of-25 ℃, and after standing for 30min, a foam absorbing device is used for absorbing the decontaminated foam; the alpha ray decontamination rate of the formula on U (IV) polluted surfaces of different materials which are vertically and horizontally placed is shown in table 1; and beta ray detergency are shown in table 2. The alpha-ray decontamination rate of the formula on the U (IV) surface of different materials which are vertically and horizontally placed is shown in figure 5, and the beta-ray decontamination rate of the formula on the U (IV) surface of different materials which are vertically and horizontally placed is shown in figure 6.

Example 4:

an antifreeze foam detergent for decontamination of radioactive contamination, the detergent comprising in combination: 1.3g of biomass-based foaming agent, 0.3g of biomass foam stabilizer, 0.1g of foam stabilizer auxiliary agent, 1.2g of organic acid, 40g of antifreezing agent and 52.4g of water; the biomass-based foaming agent is a mixture of 0.5g of alkyl glycoside, 0.5g of alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate and 0.3g of tea saponin; the biomass foam stabilizer comprises 0.2g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.1g of sodium alginate; the foam stabilizing auxiliary agent is n-dodecanol; the organic acid is 1g of citric acid and 0.2g of tartaric acid; the antifreeze was 30g of ethylene glycol, 8g of ethanol and 2g of methanol.

step one, sequentially adding 0.2g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 0.1g of sodium alginate and 0.1g of n-dodecanol into 30g of ethylene glycol, 8g of ethanol and 2g of methanol, and stirring for 25min to obtain a uniformly dispersed antifreezing agent containing a foam stabilizer and a foam stabilizing auxiliary agent;

step two, stirring and dissolving 0.5g of alkyl glycoside, 0.5g of alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate and 0.3g of tea saponin in 57.1g of water at the temperature of 45 ℃ for 30min, cooling to room temperature, then adding 1g of citric acid and 0.2g of tartaric acid, and stirring for 10min to obtain an aqueous solution containing a foaming agent and organic acid;

and step three, mixing the prepared antifreezing agent containing the foam stabilizer and the foam stabilizer auxiliary agent with an aqueous solution containing the foaming agent and the organic acid, cooling to-20 ℃, and stirring at a high speed of 3000r/min to obtain the antifreezing biomass-based foam detergent for radioactive contamination decontamination.

A method for using the anti-freezing foam detergent for radioactive contamination decontamination is characterized in that the prepared foam detergent is sprayed on the surfaces of a glass plate, an alkyd paint plate, a stainless steel plate and a ceramic plate which are horizontally and vertically placed and polluted by U (IV) at the temperature of-20 ℃, and after standing for 30min, a foam absorption device is used for absorbing the decontaminated foam; the alpha-ray decontamination rate of the formula on U (IV) polluted surfaces of different materials which are vertically and horizontally placed is shown in a table 1; the beta ray detergency is shown in table 2.

Example 5:

an antifreeze foam detergent for decontamination of radioactive contamination, the detergent comprising in combination: 1.3g of biomass-based foaming agent, 0.4g of biomass foam stabilizer, 0.1g of foam stabilizer auxiliary agent, 1g of organic acid, 40g of antifreezing agent and 57.3g of water; the biomass-based foaming agent is a mixture of 0.5g of alkyl glycoside, 0.4g of alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate, 0.2g of tea saponin and 0.1g of rhamnolipid; the biomass foam stabilizer comprises 0.3g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.1g of xanthan gum; the foam stabilizing auxiliary agent is decanol; the organic acid is 0.5g of oxalic acid and 0.5g of glycolic acid; the antifreeze is a mixture of 30g of ethylene glycol, 5g of ethanol, 2g of methanol and 3g of glycerol.

step one, mixing 30g of ethylene glycol, 5g of ethanol, 2g of methanol and 3g of glycerol, sequentially adding 0.3g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 0.1g of xanthan gum and 0.1g of n-decanol, and stirring for 30min to obtain a uniformly dispersed antifreezing agent containing a foam stabilizer and a foam stabilizing auxiliary agent;

step two, stirring and dissolving the mixture in 57.3g of water at the temperature of 45 ℃ for 30min, cooling to room temperature, then adding 0.5g of oxalic acid and 0.5g of glycolic acid, and stirring for 10min to obtain an aqueous solution containing a foaming agent and organic acid;

Example 6:

an antifreeze foam detergent for decontamination of radioactive contamination, the detergent comprising in combination: 1.4g of biomass-based foaming agent, 0.3g of biomass foam stabilizer, 0.1g of foam stabilizer auxiliary agent, 1.2g of organic acid, 40g of antifreezing agent and 57g of water; the biomass-based foaming agent is a mixture of 0.6g of alkyl glycoside, 0.4g of alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate, 0.3g of tea saponin and 0.1g of rhamnolipid; the biomass foam stabilizer comprises 0.1g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 0.1g of xanthan gum and 0.1g of sodium alginate; the foam stabilizing auxiliary agent is decanol; the organic acid is 1.2g of sulfamic acid; the antifreeze is 35g of ethylene glycol and 5g of methanol.

step one, mixing 35g of ethylene glycol and 5g of methanol, sequentially adding 0.1g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 0.1g of xanthan gum, 0.1g of sodium alginate and 0.1g of decanol, and stirring for 30min to obtain a uniformly dispersed antifreezing agent containing a foam stabilizer and a foam stabilizing auxiliary agent;

step two, stirring and dissolving 0.6g of alkyl glycoside, 0.4g of alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate, 0.3g of tea saponin and 0.1g of rhamnolipid in 57g of water at the temperature of 45 ℃ for 30min, cooling to room temperature, then adding 1.2g of sulfamic acid, and stirring for 10min to obtain an aqueous solution containing a foaming agent and organic acid;

Example 7:

an antifreeze foam detergent for decontamination of radioactive contamination, the detergent comprising in combination: 1.4g of biomass-based foaming agent, 0.3g of biomass foam stabilizer, 0.1g of foam stabilizer auxiliary agent, 1.3g of organic acid, 45g of antifreezing agent and 56.9g of water; the biomass-based foaming agent is a mixture of 0.5g of alkyl glycoside, 0.5g of alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate, 0.2g of tea saponin and 0.2g of sophorose ester; the biomass foam stabilizer comprises 0.1g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 0.1g of xanthan gum and 0.1g of carrageenan; the foam stabilizing additive is dodecyl ethanolamine; the organic acid is 1g of citric acid and 0.3g of glycolic acid; the antifreeze is 35g of ethylene glycol, 5g of methanol and 5g of ethanol.

mixing 35g of ethylene glycol, 5g of methanol and 5g of ethanol, sequentially adding 0.1g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 0.1g of xanthan gum, 0.1g of carrageenan and 0.1g of dodecylethanolamine, and stirring for 30min to obtain a uniformly dispersed antifreezing agent containing a foam stabilizer and a foam stabilizing auxiliary agent;

step two, stirring and dissolving 0.5g of alkyl glycoside, 0.5g of alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate, 0.2g of tea saponin and 0.2g of sophorose ester in 56.9g of water at the temperature of 45 ℃ for 30min, cooling to room temperature, then adding 1g of citric acid and 0.3g of glycolic acid, and stirring for 10min to obtain an aqueous solution containing a foaming agent and organic acid;

A method for using the anti-freezing foam detergent for radioactive contamination decontamination is characterized in that the prepared foam detergent is sprayed on the surfaces of a glass plate, an alkyd paint plate, a stainless steel plate and a ceramic plate which are horizontally and vertically placed and polluted by U (IV) at the ambient temperature of-25 ℃, and after standing for 30min, a foam absorbing device is used for absorbing the decontaminated foam; the alpha-ray decontamination rate of the formula on U (IV) polluted surfaces of different materials which are vertically and horizontally placed is shown in a table 1; the beta ray detergency is shown in table 2.

Example 8:

an antifreeze foam detergent for decontamination of radioactive contamination, the detergent comprising in combination: 1.4g of biomass-based foaming agent, 0.4g of biomass foam stabilizer, 0.1g of foam stabilizer auxiliary agent, 1.3g of organic acid, 50g of antifreezing agent and 46.8g of water; the biomass-based foaming agent is a mixture of 0.5g of alkyl glycoside, 0.5g of alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate, 0.2g of tea saponin and 0.2g of rhamnolipid; the biomass foam stabilizer comprises 0.2g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 0.1g of sodium alginate and 0.1g of carrageenan; the foam stabilizing auxiliary agent is dodecyl glyceryl ether; the organic acid is 1g of citric acid and 0.3g of oxalic acid; the antifreeze is 50g of ethylene glycol.

step one, sequentially adding 0.2g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 0.1g of sodium alginate, 0.1g of carrageenan and 0.1g of lauryl glyceryl ether into 50g of ethylene glycol, and stirring for 30min to obtain a uniformly dispersed antifreezing agent containing a foam stabilizer and a foam stabilizing auxiliary agent;

step two, stirring and dissolving 0.5g of alkyl glycoside, 0.5g of alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate, 0.2g of tea saponin and 0.2g of rhamnolipid in 46.8g of water at the temperature of 45 ℃ for 30min, cooling to room temperature, then adding 1g of citric acid and 0.3g of oxalic acid, and stirring for 10min to obtain an aqueous solution containing a foaming agent and organic acid;

and step three, mixing the prepared antifreezing agent containing the foam stabilizer and the foam stabilizer auxiliary agent with an aqueous solution containing the foaming agent and the organic acid, cooling to-30 ℃, and stirring at a high speed of 3000r/min to obtain the antifreezing biomass-based foam detergent for radioactive contamination decontamination.

A method for using the anti-freezing foam detergent for radioactive contamination decontamination is characterized in that the prepared foam detergent is sprayed on the surfaces of a glass plate, an alkyd paint plate, a stainless steel plate and a ceramic plate which are horizontally and vertically placed and polluted by U (IV) at the temperature of-30 ℃, and after standing for 30min, a foam absorption device is used for absorbing the decontaminated foam; the alpha-ray decontamination rate of the formula on U (IV) polluted surfaces of different materials which are vertically and horizontally placed is shown in a table 1; the beta ray detergency is shown in table 2.

Example 9:

an antifreeze foam detergent for decontamination of radioactive contamination, the detergent comprising in combination: 1.3g of biomass-based foaming agent, 0.4g of biomass foam stabilizer, 0.1g of foam stabilizer auxiliary agent, 1.5g of organic acid, 50g of antifreezing agent and 46.7g of water; the biomass-based foaming agent is a mixture of 0.5g of alkyl glycoside, 0.5g of alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate and 0.3g of tea saponin; the biomass foam stabilizer comprises 0.1g of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 0.2g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.1g of sodium alginate; the foam stabilizing auxiliary agent is n-decyl glyceryl ether; the organic acid is 1g of citric acid and 0.5g of tartaric acid; the antifreeze is 45g of ethylene glycol and 5g of methanol.

step one, mixing 45g of ethylene glycol and 5g of methanol, sequentially adding 0.1g of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 0.2g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.1g of sodium alginate and 0.1g of n-decyl glyceryl ether, and stirring for 30min to obtain a uniformly dispersed antifreezing agent containing a foam stabilizer and a foam stabilizing auxiliary agent;

step two, stirring and dissolving 0.5g of alkyl glycoside, 0.5g of alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate and 0.3g of tea saponin in 46.7g of water at the temperature of 45 ℃ for 30min, cooling to room temperature, then adding 1g of citric acid and 0.5g of tartaric acid, and stirring for 10min to obtain an aqueous solution containing a foaming agent and organic acid;

The decontamination efficiency of the decontaminants prepared in examples 1 to 9 under a low temperature condition is verified, and the method comprises the following steps:

u (VI) decontamination of soiled panels:

taking 1mL of 5g/L uranyl nitrate solution, uniformly coating the solution on a 10 cm-10 cm plate (a glass plate, an alkyd paint plate, a stainless steel plate and a ceramic plate), and naturally drying the plate in air within 24-48 hours to obtain a polluted sample plate;

decontamination: respectively spraying the decontaminants prepared in the embodiments 1 to 9 on the contaminated sample plate under the low-temperature conditions, standing, and absorbing the decontaminated foam by using a foam absorption device (a dust collector);

testing the contaminated sample plate by using an FJ2207 alpha and beta surface contamination measuring instrument;

firstly, a surface pollution tester (FJ-2207 alpha, beta) is used for testing the background values of four samples (glass plates, alkyd paint plates, stainless steel plates and ceramic plates) to be polluted, the average value is obtained after 10 times of testing, and the average value is recorded as A₀The method comprises the following steps of uniformly dropwise adding a 5g/L uranyl nitrate solution with the concentration of 1mL on four to-be-polluted plates made of four materials, naturally drying the to-be-polluted plates to obtain a uranium polluted sample plate, measuring the pollution radioactive pollution value of the polluted sample plate by using a pollution tester, testing for 10 times to obtain an average value, and recording the average value as A₁. Horizontally or vertically placing the polluted plate, spraying foam detergent to complete the foam decontamination process, measuring the residual pollution value of the decontaminated plate, testing for 10 times, taking an average value, and recording as A₂. And calculating the decontamination rate. The formula for calculating the detergency ratio is as follows:

(wherein A is₀Is the background value, A₁Is the radioactive contamination value before decontamination, A₂Is the radioactive contamination value after decontamination).

Wherein the results of alpha ray decontamination are shown in table 1;

TABLE 1

Wherein the beta ray detergency results are shown in table 2;

TABLE 2

While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An anti-freezing foam detergent for radioactive contamination decontamination is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of biomass-based foaming agent, 0.2-0.4 part of biomass foam stabilizer, 0.05-0.2 part of foam stabilizer, 1-2 parts of organic acid, 30-50 parts of antifreezing agent and 45-70 parts of water;

the biomass-based foaming agent is alkyl glycoside, alpha-alkenyl sodium sulfonate, tea saponin and rhamnolipid in a weight ratio of 5-6: 4-5: 2-3: 1-2;

the biomass foam stabilizer is one or a combination of more of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium alginate and carrageenan; the foam stabilizing auxiliary agent is one or a combination of more of n-dodecanol, dodecyl ethanolamine and n-decyl glyceryl ether;

the organic acid is one or more of citric acid, sulfamic acid, tartaric acid and glycolic acid;

the antifreezing agent is ethylene glycol, ethanol, methanol and glycerol in a weight ratio of 30-35: 4-5: 1-2: 2-3.

2. The antifreeze foam detergent for decontamination of radioactive contaminants of claim 1, wherein said biomass-based foaming agent is alkyl glycoside, sodium alpha-alkenyl sulfonate, tea saponin and rhamnolipid in a weight ratio of 6:4:3: 1.

3. The antifreeze foam detergent for decontamination of radioactive contamination according to claim 1, wherein said antifreeze is ethylene glycol, ethanol, methanol and glycerin in a weight ratio of 30:5:2: 3.

4. A method for preparing the antifreeze foam detergent for radioactive contamination decontamination according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:

5. The use method of the radioactive contamination decontamination antifreeze foam detergent as claimed in claim 4, wherein the antifreeze biomass-based foam detergent is sprayed on the surface of the radioactive contamination plate, decontamination is carried out at a low temperature of-35 ℃ to 0 ℃, standing is carried out for 10-50 min after the solid surface is completely covered with the foam, and the foam is sucked away by a foam absorption device to complete decontamination; the plate is any one of ceramic, stainless steel, glass, marble and alkyd paint plate.