CN111359563A - Reaction device and method for recycling waste solar chips - Google Patents
Reaction device and method for recycling waste solar chips Download PDFInfo
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- CN111359563A CN111359563A CN201811592555.4A CN201811592555A CN111359563A CN 111359563 A CN111359563 A CN 111359563A CN 201811592555 A CN201811592555 A CN 201811592555A CN 111359563 A CN111359563 A CN 111359563A
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0053—Details of the reactor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/10—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
Abstract
A reaction device and a method for recovering and treating waste solar chips relate to the technical field of solar cells, and the reaction device comprises a reaction cavity and an adsorption device, wherein the reaction cavity is used for carrying out reaction between the waste solar chips and a treatment liquid in the reaction cavity, and the adsorption device can adsorb substrates of the waste solar chips on the inner wall of the reaction cavity; the adsorption device is arranged on the outer wall of the reaction cavity and/or the periphery of the reaction cavity. The reaction unit of this application embodiment, it can with through setting up adsorption equipment the basement of the useless chip of solar energy adsorbs on the inner wall of reaction cavity, so, at the useless chip of solar energy organic membrane break away from the in-process, can strengthen the separation between basement and the organic membrane of the useless chip of solar energy for separation process between them.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a reaction device and a method for recycling waste solar chips.
Background
With the rapid development of the solar cell industry, the total output of the solar module is also rapidly improved, however, with the increase of the service life of the solar cell, according to the service life inference of the solar photovoltaic module, a large number of photovoltaic modules are scrapped in the near future, and in the production process of the solar module, defective products also appear. Therefore, the problem of solar module recycling is raised to agenda.
Metals such as silicon, indium, gallium, cadmium, titanium and the like are commonly used in the thin-film solar module, some of the metals are expensive, and the environment can be greatly polluted if the solar module is unreasonably recycled after being scrapped. The thin-film solar waste chips are recycled by a calcination method and a cryogenic treatment method. And (4) a calcination method, namely calcining the whole photovoltaic module at high temperature, and recovering the remaining non-combustible part. However, the high-temperature calcination method has high energy consumption, and elements such as fluorine, selenium and the like in the photovoltaic sheet can generate toxic gas after being incinerated, thereby seriously polluting the environment. The cryogenic treatment method needs liquid nitrogen, is high in cost and difficult to realize, and the photovoltaic sheet after cryogenic treatment needs measures such as artificial knocking to remove the film, so that the method is not suitable for industrialization. Therefore, a recycling method of a thin film solar waste chip and a matched device thereof are a difficult problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
An embodiment of the application provides a reaction device for recovering and treating waste solar chips, which comprises a reaction cavity and an adsorption device, wherein the reaction cavity is used for carrying out the reaction of the waste solar chips and treatment liquid inside the reaction cavity, and the adsorption device can adsorb substrates of the waste solar chips on the inner wall of the reaction cavity; the adsorption device is arranged on the outer wall of the reaction cavity and/or the periphery of the reaction cavity.
Another embodiment of the present application provides a method for recycling a waste solar chip, the waste solar chip including a substrate, and an organic film and an active layer provided on the substrate, the method comprising: placing the solar waste chip into a first treatment liquid to separate the organic film of the solar waste chip; placing the solar waste chip with the organic film separated into a second treatment liquid to separate the active layer of the solar waste chip from the substrate; and adsorbing the substrate of the solar waste chip by adopting an adsorption device.
Has the advantages that:
the reaction unit for solar energy waste chip recovery processing of this application embodiment, it can with through setting up adsorption equipment the basement of solar energy waste chip adsorbs on reaction cavity's the inner wall, so, at the useless organic membrane of chip of solar energy break away from the in-process, can strengthen the separation between basement and the organic membrane of the useless chip of solar energy for separation process between them.
According to the recovery processing method of the waste solar chip, in the process of separating the organic film of the waste solar chip from the organic film, the base of the waste solar chip can be adsorbed by the adsorption device, so that the separation of the base of the waste solar chip and the organic film can be strengthened, and the separation process of the base of the waste solar chip and the organic film is accelerated.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the claimed subject matter and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the subject matter and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the subject matter and not to limit the subject matter.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a reaction apparatus for recycling waste solar chips according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for recycling waste solar chips according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
the reference signs are: 1. the device comprises a first storage tank, 2, a first delivery pump, 3, a baffle, 4, an air hole, 5, an upper cover, 6, an ultrasonic device, 7, an ultrasonic vibration rod, 8, an inner container, 9, a shell, 10, a second liquid inlet, 11, a second delivery pump, 12, a second storage tank, 13, a digital display control box, 14, an adsorption device, 15, a driving device, 16, a liquid outlet, 17, a first liquid inlet, 18 and a reaction cavity.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the application is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the application and are not limiting of the application.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a reaction device for recovering and processing a waste solar chip, including a reaction chamber 18 and an adsorption device 14, where the reaction chamber 18 is used for performing a reaction between the waste solar chip and a processing liquid inside the reaction chamber, and the adsorption device 14 can adsorb a substrate of the waste solar chip on an inner wall of the reaction chamber 18; the adsorption device 14 is disposed on and/or around the outer wall of the reaction chamber 18.
The reaction device for recovering and treating the solar waste chips, which is provided by the embodiment of the application, can adsorb the substrate of the solar waste chips on the inner wall of the reaction cavity 18 by arranging the adsorption device 14, so that the separation of the substrate of the solar waste chips and the organic film can be strengthened in the process of separating the organic film of the solar waste chips from each other, and the separation process of the substrate and the organic film is accelerated.
The reaction device for recovering and treating the waste solar chips in the embodiment of the application can be used for separating the organic film and the active layer of the waste solar chips, for example, the first treatment solution and the waste solar chips can be added into the reaction cavity 18 firstly, the adsorption device 14 can be started during the reaction process or/and after the reaction of the first treatment solution and the waste solar chips, the organic film can be manually fished out for recovery after the organic film is separated, and the first treatment solution is discharged out of the reaction cavity 18; and then adding a second treatment liquid into the reaction cavity 18 to react with the solar waste chip after the organic film is separated, and after the active layer is separated from the substrate of the solar waste chip and enters the second treatment liquid, recovering the second treatment liquid containing the active layer material and recovering the substrate of the solar waste chip.
The reaction device for recovering and treating the waste solar chips can adopt a manual or mechanical feeding mode to add the treating liquid and the waste solar chips into the reaction cavity 18, for example, an opening can be arranged at the top of the reaction cavity 18, the upper cover 5 is arranged at the opening, and the upper cover 5 of the reaction cavity 18 can be opened to feed when feeding is needed. In order to facilitate the feeding of the treatment liquid, a liquid inlet can be additionally arranged on the reaction cavity 18, which is beneficial to improving the working efficiency of the reaction device.
In this embodiment, the adsorption device 14 may be an electromagnetic device, such as an electromagnet, configured to generate a magnetic force when the electromagnetic device is powered on and adsorb the substrate of the solar waste chip on the inner wall of the reaction chamber 18. And after the electromagnetic device is powered off, the magnetic force disappears, and the substrate of the solar waste chip cannot be adsorbed. In practical application, the electromagnetic device can be started and closed according to requirements. When the electromagnetic device is adopted as the adsorption device 14, the electromagnetic device is suitable for adsorbing the substrate made of stainless steel or other ferrous materials.
In this embodiment, the adsorption device 14 may be disposed on and/or around the outer wall of the reaction chamber 18, such as under or below the reaction chamber 18. The arrangement position of the adsorption device 14 is not limited as long as the substrate of the solar waste chip can be adsorbed on the inner wall of the reaction cavity 18.
In this embodiment, the reaction cavity 18 includes a casing 9 and a liner 8, the liner 8 is disposed in the casing 9, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet 16 are disposed on the casing 9, and a liquid inlet hole is disposed on a wall of the liner 8. One or more liquid inlet holes may be provided, and are provided at a lower portion of the inner container 8 (for example, on a bottom wall or/and a side wall of the inner container 8), or are provided dispersedly on the entire inner container 8. The treatment liquid in the shell 9 can enter the inner container 8 through the liquid inlet hole, and the treatment liquid in the inner container 8 can flow into the shell 9 through the liquid inlet hole and be discharged out of the shell 9 through the liquid outlet 16 on the shell 9 during liquid discharge. In actual operation, the treatment liquid can be added into the shell 9 through the liquid inlet on the shell 9, and the treatment liquid in the shell 9 can enter the inner container 8 through the liquid inlet hole arranged on the wall of the inner container 8 and react with the solar waste chip in the inner container 8 to separate the organic film and the active layer of the solar waste chip; after the reaction is finished, the liquid outlet 16 on the casing 9 is opened, and the treatment liquid in the inner container 8 can enter the casing 9 through the liquid inlet hole and flow out of the casing 9 through the liquid outlet 16.
In order to stir the treatment liquid in the reaction cavity, the inner container 8 is provided with a baffle 3, the reaction device further comprises a driving device 15, and the driving device 15 is arranged to be capable of driving the inner container 8 to rotate. In the process that the driving device 15 drives the inner container 8 to rotate, the baffle 3 arranged on the inner container 8 can generate a stirring effect on the treatment liquid around the inner container 8, so that the reaction process of the treatment liquid and the waste solar chips is accelerated. The baffle 3 can be arranged inside or outside the liner 8, and can be a plate-shaped structure, such as a curved plate, a flat plate, etc., and the number can be one or more according to the requirement. In other embodiments, the reaction chamber 18 may not be provided with the inner container 8, the reaction device may not be provided with the driving device 15 accordingly, the solar waste chips and the treatment liquid may directly react in the housing 9, and a stirring device may be additionally provided to stir the treatment liquid in the housing 9.
In this embodiment, the driving device 15 may include a motor, a rotating shaft may be disposed at the bottom of the inner container 8, the rotating shaft movably penetrates through the shell 9 of the reaction cavity 18 and then is connected to an output shaft of the motor, and the motor rotates to drive the inner container 8 to rotate through the rotating shaft. Wherein the rotating shaft and the shell 9 are arranged in a sealing way so as to avoid the leakage of the treatment liquid in the shell 9.
In order to increase the rotating supporting effect on the inner container 8, the reaction device further comprises a supporting seat, and the inner container 8 is rotatably supported on the supporting seat through a supporting shaft. The supporting seat may be disposed outside the casing 9, the supporting shaft is fixed to the bottom of the inner container 8, the supporting shaft passes through the casing 9 and then is rotatably supported on the supporting seat, and the supporting shaft and the casing 9 are hermetically disposed to prevent the process liquid in the casing 9 from leaking.
In this embodiment, the inlet can be set up to one or more, for the work efficiency that improves reaction unit, for example, the inlet includes first inlet 17 and second inlet 10, reaction unit still include with first storage tank 1 that first inlet 17 is connected and with second storage tank 12 that second inlet 10 is connected, first storage tank 1 is used for holding can make the useless first treatment fluid that the organic membrane of chip breaks away from of solar energy, second storage tank 12 is used for holding can make the useless active layer of chip of solar energy and the second treatment fluid of basement separation. In order to facilitate the collection and utilization of the treatment liquid, the liquid outlet 16 of the housing 9 may be connected to the first storage tank 1 through a first liquid outlet pipe to return the treated first treatment liquid to the first storage tank 1, and the liquid outlet 16 may be further connected to a second liquid outlet pipe for collecting the treated second treatment liquid. The liquid inlet pipeline between the first storage tank 1 and the first liquid inlet 17, the liquid inlet pipeline between the second storage tank 12 and the second liquid inlet 10 and the first liquid outlet pipeline are respectively provided with a first delivery pump 2, a second delivery pump 11 and a third delivery pump.
In practice, the waste solar chip to be treated may include a substrate, and an organic film and an active layer disposed on the substrate, in order to separate and recover the organic film and the active layer from the substrate, during treatment, the first treatment liquid in the first storage tank 1 may be pumped into the reaction cavity 18 to react with the waste solar chip added into the reaction cavity 18, so as to separate the organic film of the waste solar chip; when the second treatment liquid is required to be treated, the second treatment liquid in the second storage tank 12 can be pumped into the reaction cavity 18 to react with the solar waste chip added into the reaction cavity 18, so as to separate the active layer of the solar waste chip from the substrate. The gas generated in the reaction process of the first treatment liquid and the second treatment liquid with the solar waste chip can be discharged through the air holes 4 arranged on the upper cover 5 of the reaction cavity 18.
For improving the useless chip of solar energy and the reaction effect of treatment fluid, reaction unit still includes ultrasonic device 6, ultrasonic device 6 includes ultrasonic vibration stick 7, ultrasonic vibration stick 7 stretch into to in the reaction cavity 18, ultrasonic device 6 can set up in on the upper cover 5 of reaction cavity 18. Wherein, in the reaction process of the treatment liquid and the solar waste chip, the separation effect of the organic film or the active layer of the solar waste chip can be promoted by using the ultrasonic wave generated by the ultrasonic vibration rod 7.
In this embodiment, the reaction device may further include a heating device for heating the processing liquid in the reaction cavity 18. The heating device may include a jacket disposed on the outer wall of the reaction chamber 18, and a heat transfer medium input line and a heat transfer medium output line communicated with the jacket. A heat transfer medium such as hot water or hot steam can be supplied into the jacket through the heat transfer medium supply line to heat the treatment solution in the reaction chamber 18, and the heat transfer medium can be discharged from the jacket through the heat transfer medium discharge line. The heating device can also adopt other heating modes, such as microwave heating, electric heating and the like.
In this embodiment, the reaction apparatus may further include a control system, the control system includes a digital display control box 13, and the digital display control box 13 may control and display the rotation speed and the rotation time of the motor of the driving apparatus 15 in the above embodiment, may also control and display the ultrasonic intensity of the ultrasonic apparatus 6 in the above embodiment, may also control and display the heating time and the heating temperature of the heating apparatus, and the like.
The method for recycling and treating the waste solar chips by using the reaction device of the above embodiment of the present application may include the following steps,
s1, adding materials: a certain amount of solar waste chips are added into the inner container 8 of the reaction cavity 18, the first treatment liquid in the first storage tank 1 is pumped into the shell 9 through the first liquid inlet 17, the first treatment liquid enters the inner container 8 through the liquid inlet hole of the inner container 8, the solar waste chips are immersed, and the upper cover 5 of the reaction cavity 18 is covered.
The solar waste chip comprises a substrate made of stainless steel materials, and an organic film and an active layer which are arranged on the substrate, wherein the organic film can be various organic films on the solar chip, such as a line pressing resin film, a water blocking film, a lead packaging film (such as a PET film) and the like, and the active layer is a power generation layer of the solar chip and comprises a copper indium gallium selenide film and the like.
The first treatment liquid may be a mixed aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride.
S2, separation of organic membrane: heating the first treatment liquid in the reaction cavity 18 by using a heating device, keeping the temperature at 50-95 ℃, driving the inner container 8 to rotate by using the driving device 15, enabling the baffle 3 on the inner container 8 to collide with the first treatment liquid to form a stirring effect, and continuously stirring for 5-30 minutes; then, the adsorption device 14 is opened (an electromagnetic device is adopted), stirring is continued for 5 minutes, standing is carried out, the organic film floats on the liquid level, the solar waste chips separated from the organic film are adsorbed to the bottom of the inner container 8 by the adsorption device 14, and separation of the organic film is realized; and opening the upper cover 5 of the reaction cavity 18, and fishing out the organic film by using a strainer, thereby realizing the separation and recovery of the organic film.
In this step, the organic film is separated from the waste solar chip by using the corrosivity of the sodium hydroxide in the first treatment liquid to the organic film at a certain temperature, wherein the sodium chloride in the first treatment liquid can enhance the buoyancy and buoyancy enhancement effect of the organic film in the first treatment liquid and the adsorption effect of the adsorption device 14 on the substrate of the waste solar chip, and can enhance the separation process of the organic film.
S3, liquid changing: the first treatment liquid is discharged from the liquid outlet 16 of the shell 9 to the first storage tank 1, and can be recycled next time, then the second treatment liquid in the second storage tank 12 is pumped into the shell 9 from the second liquid inlet 10, the second treatment liquid enters the inner container 8 through the liquid inlet hole of the inner container 8, the solar waste chip separated from the organic film is immersed, and the upper cover 5 of the reaction cavity 18 is covered.
S4, separating active layer: stirring and heating the second treatment liquid in the inner container 8 and the solar waste chip separated from the organic film, keeping the temperature at 10-30 ℃, simultaneously opening the ultrasonic device 6 for a certain time, then opening the adsorption device 14 to adsorb the stainless steel substrate of the solar waste chip at the bottom of the inner container 8, and enabling the active layer to enter the second treatment liquid in powder or sheet form to form a suspension mixed liquid, thereby realizing the separation of the active layer and the substrate.
Wherein, the second treatment fluid can adopt a mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide.
S5, liquid discharge: and (4) discharging the suspension mixed liquid in the step S4 from the liquid outlet 16, wherein the discharged suspension mixed liquid can be sent to a subsequent wet extraction process for treatment, then closing the adsorption device 14, and taking out the stainless steel substrate to realize the separation and recovery of the stainless steel substrate of the solar waste chip.
The separation effect of the recovery treatment method is as follows: 625 solar waste chips of 5kg are added, and 622 chips are subjected to the stripping process to realize stripping (namely the stripping of the organic film), wherein the stripping rate reaches 99.5%; the active layer separation rate of the stripped solar waste chip reaches 99 percent through the active layer separation process.
The reaction device of the embodiment of the present application can effectively realize organic film separation and active layer separation of the thin film solar cell. By utilizing the reaction device of the embodiment of the application, multiple functions of organic membrane demoulding, buoyancy separation, electromagnetic enhanced separation, active layer leaching stripping, ultrasonic enhanced stripping, active layer and substrate separation and the like can be realized, the integration of multiple processes can be realized, and the investment and the cost are saved. The industrialized batch disposal is easy to realize, and manual separation and separation one by one are not needed. The organic film separated by the reaction device of the embodiment is basically intact, and is convenient for subsequent recovery.
As shown in fig. 2, another embodiment of the present application provides a recycling method of a waste solar chip, the waste solar chip including a substrate, and an organic film and an active layer provided on the substrate, the recycling method including: placing the solar waste chip into a first treatment liquid to separate the organic film of the solar waste chip; placing the solar waste chip with the organic film separated into a second treatment liquid to separate the active layer of the solar waste chip from the substrate; and adsorbing the substrate of the solar waste chip by adopting an adsorption device.
In the recycling method of the embodiment, the adsorption device is used for adsorbing the substrate of the solar waste chip, so that the separation of the organic film and the substrate of the solar waste chip can be strengthened, and the separation process of the organic film and the substrate is accelerated. In addition, during the detachment of the organic film of the solar waste chip, the organic film can float or suspend in the first treatment liquid, which is beneficial to detaching the organic film from the substrate, and is beneficial to fishing and recycling the organic film after the organic film floats to the liquid level of the first treatment liquid or suspends in the first treatment liquid. For example, the substrate of the solar waste chip can be adsorbed on the inner wall of the reaction vessel by the adsorption device, and the organic film can float under the action of buoyancy, so that the separation of the organic film from the substrate and the recovery of the organic film are promoted. In the process of separating the active layer, the adsorption device can be used for adsorbing the substrate of the solar waste chip so as to be beneficial to the separation of the active layer and the substrate.
In this embodiment, the waste solar chip includes a substrate, and an organic film and an active layer that are disposed on the substrate, where the substrate may be made of stainless steel, the organic film may be various organic films on the solar chip, such as a wire pressing resin film, a water blocking film, a wire encapsulation film (e.g., a PET film), and the like, and the active layer is a power generation layer of the solar chip and includes a copper indium gallium selenide film and the like.
The first treatment liquid can adopt a mixed aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride, and the second treatment liquid can adopt a mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The first treatment liquid and the second treatment liquid may be treatment liquids of other components, and the components may be selected according to the types of the organic film and the active layer of the solar waste chip to be treated.
The base to stainless steel material, adsorption equipment can adopt electromagnetic means, electromagnetic means sets up to can produce magnetic force and with when circular telegram the base of the useless chip of solar energy adsorbs on reaction vessel's inner wall, its magnetic force disappears after the outage of electromagnetic means.
According to the recovery processing method, the first processing liquid is adopted to soak the solar waste chips, so that the organic film of the solar waste chips is separated from the solar waste chips, then the second processing liquid is adopted to soak the solar waste chips after the organic film is separated, so that the active layer is separated from the substrate of the solar waste chips, and therefore the organic film and the active layer of the solar waste chips can be separated from the substrate sequentially, and the organic film and the active layer material can be recovered separately.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a reaction unit for useless chip recovery processing of solar energy which characterized in that: the reaction cavity is used for carrying out reaction between the solar waste chip and treatment liquid in the reaction cavity, and the adsorption device can adsorb the substrate of the solar waste chip on the inner wall of the reaction cavity; the adsorption device is arranged on the outer wall of the reaction cavity and/or the periphery of the reaction cavity.
2. The reactor apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the reaction cavity comprises a shell and an inner container, the inner container is arranged in the shell, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet are formed in the shell, and a liquid inlet hole is formed in the wall of the inner container.
3. The reactor apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the liquid inlet holes are one or more and are arranged at the lower part of the inner container or are dispersedly arranged on the whole inner container.
4. The reactor apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the reaction device further comprises a driving device, and the driving device is arranged to drive the inner container to rotate.
5. The reactor apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the liquid inlets comprise a first liquid inlet and a second liquid inlet, the reaction device further comprises a first storage tank connected with the first liquid inlet and a second storage tank connected with the second liquid inlet, the first storage tank is used for containing a first treatment liquid capable of separating an organic film of the solar waste chip, and the second storage tank is used for containing a second treatment liquid capable of separating an active layer of the solar waste chip from a substrate.
6. The reactor apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the reaction device further comprises an ultrasonic device, the ultrasonic device comprises an ultrasonic vibration rod, and the ultrasonic vibration rod extends into the reaction cavity.
7. The reactor apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the adsorption device is an electromagnetic device which is set to generate magnetic force when electrified and adsorb the substrate of the solar waste chip on the inner wall of the reaction cavity.
8. A method for recycling and treating waste solar chips, wherein the waste solar chips comprise a substrate, and an organic film and an active layer which are arranged on the substrate, and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
placing the solar waste chip into a first treatment liquid to separate the organic film of the solar waste chip;
placing the solar waste chip with the organic film separated into a second treatment liquid to separate the active layer of the solar waste chip from the substrate;
and adsorbing the substrate of the solar waste chip by adopting an adsorption device.
9. The recycling method according to claim 8, wherein the organic film is capable of floating or suspending in the first treatment liquid.
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