CN111357435A

CN111357435A - Novel combined hoe-shovel normal-position deep-fertilization wide-width sowing furrow opener

Info

Publication number: CN111357435A
Application number: CN202010329185.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王曙光; 孙青芳; 孙黛珍; 苏文远; 刘芸; 史雨刚; 翟战备; 王绘艳
Original assignee: Shanxi Agricultural University
Current assignee: Shanxi Agricultural University
Priority date: 2020-04-23
Filing date: 2020-04-23
Publication date: 2020-07-03

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel combined type hoe-shovel normal-position deep-fertilizing wide-width sowing furrow opener which comprises a fertilizing assembly, a seed discharging assembly and a furrow opener; the upper end of the fertilizer discharging assembly is connected with the rear main beam of the rack through a mounting plate and a ribbed plate a; the seed discharging assembly is arranged on one side of the fertilizer discharging assembly through a ribbed plate b; the furrow opener is arranged at the lower end of the fertilizer discharging assembly; the novel combined type hoe-shovel normal-position deep-fertilizing wide-width sowing furrow opener is arranged in a rotary blade of a rotary blade roller of a seeder, and the rotary blade is arranged in front of a backward soil throwing range. The invention solves the problem that the rotary tillage planter is jammed and wound when working on poor straw returning land without additionally arranging an anti-blocking device. The seeding machine solves the technical problems that the existing seeding machine is additionally provided with a blockage prevention device, and the rotary blade structures of the fertilizing and ditching tool, the seeding tool and the rotary blade roller are respectively arranged, so that the machine tool mechanism is complicated and large, the center of gravity is close to the back, the longitudinal stability of the machine tool is poor, and the utilization rate of the standardized parts of the machine tool is low.

Description

Novel combined hoe-shovel normal-position deep-fertilization wide-width sowing furrow opener

Technical Field

The invention mainly relates to the technical field of agricultural tillage equipment, in particular to a novel combined type hoe-shovel normal-position deep-fertilizing wide-width sowing furrow opener.

Background

The seeding is the first link of grain production and is the most important link, the quality of the seeding machinery directly influences the seeding quality, and the seeding quality is closely related to the improvement of the yield, so that the development of the accurate, high-efficiency and high-quality seeding machinery has very important significance for increasing the grain yield, improving the economic benefit and improving the income of farmers.

For wheat, soil preparation and fertilization are required before sowing, so that a rotary cultivator and a sowing machine are produced; in order to reduce the operation times and improve the economic benefit, agricultural machinery experts have developed rotary tillage seeders, the machine integrates rotary tillage, fertilization and seeding, is suitable for various lands with different conditions, can complete various processes of loosening soil, cleaning stubbles, making furrows, fertilizing, seeding and the like in one-time field operation, greatly reduces the investment of manpower and material resources, reduces the damage to soil layers, and is beneficial to the sustainable development of agricultural production. Such as: 2BFY-3 type rotary tillage seeding machine developed by Shijiazhuang agricultural machinery factory, 2BQM type seeding machine designed by original Beijing agriculture university in great pice, etc.

The most representative is designed by Chinese agricultural machinery scientific research institute, the 2BMG-18 type rotary tillage fertilization precision seeder manufactured and produced by the following companies can be used for protective tillage seeding, the machine seeding monomer adopts a hinge type profiling mechanism, the furrow opener is a single disc type, the seed sowing device is a dense tooth type controllable seed sowing device capable of realizing precise and small amount seed sowing, and the disc of the furrow opener is driven by a tractor to rotate forwards to realize stubble breaking or ditching; wheels are arranged on two sides of the frame to support the frame and limit the depth.

However, the seeder adopts a dense-tooth type controllable seeding device for precise and small-quantity seeding, is not suitable for being used as a land block with large straw quantity in straw returning fields, and also does not meet the requirement of a wide-width seeding yield-increasing mode. Aiming at the problems that the field straws are large in quantity and the seeder is often jammed and wound during operation after the corn straws are returned to the field for stubble cleaning, a subaudian no-tillage planter is provided with grass-digging cutters at two sides of a furrow plough (seed pipe) to remove straws and weeds in a seedbed, a 2BMJF type no-tillage straw-covering precision seeder produced by Suzuki willow technology company and northeast China agricultural science and technology company, and Niulongjiang feeding agriculture technology limited company is designed and researched in a combined manner, a front high-speed rotating cleaning device and a fixed-axis steel type no-tillage cleaning covering device for poor land are arranged, and pre-sowing cleaning, poor cleaning of sowing belts and straw covering after sowing are realized. A wheat no-tillage fertilizing and seeding machine developed by Shandong Dahua is provided with an anti-blocking device between cutter shaft discs. A furrow opener with a hay cutter is adopted by models of 2BMQF-6/12A and the like of Xinle mechanical equipment, Inc. in Luoyang. A2 BMFS-6/12 wheat shallow rotary tillage seeding operation machine developed by the agricultural machinery bureau in Hebei province and Hebei agriculture Haha machinery Co., Ltd is characterized in that a special rotary tillage cutter is arranged in front of a furrow opener part, and a disk furrow opener is used for deep fertilization at a side position of 5-6 cm.

Although the problems of congestion and winding can be solved by the machine types, the ditching device and the rotary blade structure of the rotary blade roller are respectively provided with the anti-blocking device, so that the problems of complex and large machine tool mechanism, poor longitudinal stability of the machine set during working, low utilization rate of machine tool standardized parts and the like are caused.

Therefore, the anti-jamming, winding-free rotary tillage, fertilization, seeding and compacting integrated machine which is compact in structure, simple and light in mechanism parts, close to the front in gravity center of the machine, good in longitudinal stability of unit working, high in utilization rate of machine standardized parts, moderate in price and good in various performance indexes is needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide a novel combined hoeing and shoveling normal position deep fertilization broad width seeding furrow opener, which aims to solve the technical problems of complex and large machine tool mechanism, poor longitudinal stability of machine set work and low utilization rate of machine tool standardized parts due to the fact that a ditching device and a rotary tillage knife structure of a rotary tillage knife roller are respectively arranged as an anti-blocking device is additionally arranged on the existing seeder.

In order to realize above-mentioned purpose, provide novel combination formula hoe shovel normal position deep fertilizing broad width seeding furrow opener, its characterized in that includes:

a fertilizer discharging assembly, a seed discharging assembly and a furrow opener;

the upper end of the fertilizer discharging assembly is connected with a rear beam of a frame of the seeder through a mounting plate and a ribbed plate a;

the seed discharging assembly is arranged on one side of the fertilizer discharging assembly through a ribbed plate b;

the furrow opener is arranged at the lower end of the fertilizer discharging assembly;

the novel combined type hoe-shovel normal-position deep-fertilizing wide-width sowing furrow opener is arranged in a rotary blade of a rotary blade roller of a seeder, and the rotary blade is arranged in front of a backward soil throwing range.

Furthermore, the fertilizer discharging assembly comprises a fertilizer discharging pipe and a fertilizer guiding plate, the fertilizer guiding plate is arranged in the fertilizer discharging pipe, and a fertilizer falling opening of the fertilizer discharging pipe is arranged at the rear part of the furrow opener.

Further, the seed metering subassembly includes seed metering pipe, spreader and seed distribution piece, the spreader sets up on the seed metering pipe, the seed distribution piece welding is in on the inner wall of the kind of falling of spreader.

Furthermore, the ribbed plate b is an included angle structure which enables the fertilizer discharging pipe of the fertilizer discharging assembly and the seed discharging pipe of the seed discharging assembly to form a theta angle.

Further, the θ angle is 7 °.

Further, the device comprises a plurality of groups of openers, and the distance between the openers is the row spacing R.

Further, the line spacing R is 250 mm.

Further, the device comprises a base plate which is arranged on the mounting plate, has the same size and shape as the mounting plate and has different thickness and is used for adjusting the fertilizing depth before sowing.

In the embodiment of the invention, the integration design of the fertilizing opener component and the sowing opener component is adopted, so that the fertilizing opener component and the sowing opener component can be arranged in the rotary tillage curved blade of the rotary tillage knife roller before the rotary tillage curved blade throws soil backwards. The phenomena of congestion and winding in the operation on the ground with large difference of straw returning amount are effectively prevented; under the condition of not arranging a soil covering mechanism, one-time quick soil covering is realized, and fertilizers are covered; the machine tool structure is simplified, the technical effect that the overall structure tends to be simplified is achieved, and the technical problems that the machine tool mechanism is complex and large, the center of gravity is poor, the longitudinal stability of the machine tool is low and the utilization rate of the standardized parts of the machine tool is low due to the fact that the existing seeder is additionally provided with the anti-blocking device and the rotary tillage cutter structures of the fertilizing furrow opener part, the sowing furrow opener part and the rotary tillage cutter roller are respectively arranged.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, serve to provide a further understanding of the invention and to make further features, objects, and advantages of the invention apparent. The drawings and their description illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and do not limit it inappropriately. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a novel combined type hoe-shovel normal position deep fertilizing wide sowing opener according to an embodiment of the invention.

Reference numerals

1: mounting a plate; 2: a rib plate a; 3: a fertilizer discharging pipe; 4: a furrow opener; 5: a fertilizer guide plate a; 6: dropping the fertilizer; 7: a fertilizer guide plate b; 8: a rib plate b; 9: dropping the seed to the seed outlet; 10: slicing; 11: a broadcast sowing device; 12: a pipe fixing frame; 13: a seed discharging pipe.

Detailed Description

In order to make the person skilled in the art better understand the application scheme of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive step based on the embodiments in the present application, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present application and in the above-described drawings are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that embodiments of the present application are described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

In the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are used primarily to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not intended to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to a particular orientation or to be constructed and operated in a particular orientation.

Moreover, some of the above terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides the orientation or positional relationship, for example, the term "on" may also be used to indicate some kind of attachment or connection relationship in some cases. The specific meanings of these terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.

Furthermore, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "provided," "connected," and "sleeved" are to be construed broadly. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or a unitary construction; can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be in internal communication between two devices, elements or components. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, in the preferred embodiment of the present application, the novel combined hoe-shovel normal-position deep-fertilizing wide-width sowing furrow opener comprises a fertilizer discharging component, a seed discharging component and at least one furrow opener 4, wherein the upper end of the fertilizer discharging component is connected with a main beam at the back of a frame of a sowing machine through a mounting plate 1; the seed discharging assembly is arranged on one side of the fertilizer discharging assembly through a ribbed plate b 8; the furrow opener 4 is arranged at the lower end of the fertilizer discharging assembly; the novel combined type hoe-shovel normal-position deep-fertilizing wide-width sowing furrow opener is arranged in a rotary blade of a rotary blade roller of a seeder, and the rotary blade is arranged in front of a backward soil throwing range.

The fertilizer discharging assembly comprises a fertilizer discharging pipe and a fertilizer guiding plate, the fertilizer guiding plate is arranged in the fertilizer discharging pipe, and a fertilizer falling opening of the fertilizer discharging pipe is arranged at the rear part of the furrow opener. The fertilizer discharging assembly is formed by welding a mounting plate 1, a ribbed plate a2, a fertilizer discharging pipe 3, a fertilizer dropping hole 6, a furrow opener 4, a ribbed plate b 5 and a pipe fixing frame 12. The mounting plate 1 is connected with a U-shaped clamp bolt for a seeder; the fertilizer pipe 3 is welded on the mounting plate 1 in an inclined mode, and the ribbed plate a2 is welded between the fertilizer pipe and the mounting plate to play a role in reinforcing the reinforcing rib. The ribbed plate b8 is welded on the other side of the fertilizer pipe 3, and a pipe fixing frame 12 is welded on the ribbed plate for fixing the pipe assembly.

The seed sowing part is formed by welding a spreader 11, a seed distributing sheet 12, a seed dropping opening 9 and a seed sowing pipe 13. The seed distributor 11 is arranged on the seed sowing pipe 13, and the seed distributing pieces 10 are welded on the inner wall of the seed dropping opening 9 of the seed distributor 11. The spreader 11 and the seed tube 13 are welded at a right angle, and the V-shaped seed separating piece 10 is welded at the seed dropping opening 9. The seed discharging part is connected with the fertilizer discharging part through a seed fixing frame 12, the seed discharging part is positioned at the edge of the ribbed plate b8, and the seeding depth can be adjusted by loosening a nut on the seed fixing frame 12 to move before seeding.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the mounting plate 1 is parallel to the plane of the front and rear main beams of the frame of the seeder, and the furrow opener is mounted below the rear main beam of the frame by using U-shaped clamp bolts. The center line of the fertilizer pipe 3 is inclined to the plane of the mounting plate 1, and the preferable inclination angle is such that the fertilizer pipe 3 is as close as possible to the rotary blade shaft, but does not interfere with the rotation of the rotary blade roller. The further rib plate a2 is welded at the included angle between the mounting plate 1 and the fertilizer discharging pipe 3 and plays a role in fixing the reinforcing rib.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rib b is an included angle structure that makes the fertilizer discharging tube of the fertilizer discharging assembly and the seed discharging tube of the seed discharging assembly form an angle θ, and further preferably, the angle θ is 7 °.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the combined hoe comprises a plurality of groups of novel combined hoe-shovel normal-position deep-fertilizing wide-width sowing ditches, the distance between the ditches is the row spacing R of the sowing machine, and in the further preferred embodiment, the row spacing R is 250 mm.

The fertilizer pipe 3 is a hollow pipe with a certain inner diameter, the outer diameter is preferably 45mm, the inner diameter is 36mm, the wall thickness is 4.5mm, the fertilizer falling opening 6 is arranged at the rear part of the bottom surface under the blade of the shovel head, the width of the fertilizer falling opening is 36mm, the furrow opener 4 is used for opening a fertilizer groove, the soil entering angle α of the furrow opener is 51 degrees, the soil entering clearance angle epsilon is 10 degrees, and the width B is 20 mm.

The ribbed plate b8 is welded on the other side of the fertilizer pipe 3, and a pipe fixing frame 12 is welded on the ribbed plate to fix the pipe part, so that an included angle is formed between the fertilizer pipe 3 and the seed sowing pipe 13. One of the functions of the included angle on the rib plate b8 is to enlarge the distance between the fertilizer dropping opening and the seed dropping opening in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. The distance in the horizontal direction is to ensure that the fertilizer has enough backfilling time after falling into the groove, and the sufficient soil thickness is filled, so that the seeds fall on the backfilling soil once. The distance in the vertical direction is the thickness of the soil layer which guarantees the agronomic requirement between the fertilizer and the seeds. Realizing normal deep fertilizing and seeding. After the fertilizing depth is determined, the seed sowing pipe is moved along the edge of the ribbed plate b8, and the distance between the fertilizer dropping port and the seed dropping port in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction can be adjusted. The preferred angle of the rib b8 θ is 7 °. When the fertilizing depth is determined to be 103mm, the vertical distance between the lowest point of the seed dropping opening and the lowest point of the fertilizer dropping opening is adjusted to be 53mm, the horizontal distance is 136mm, the backfilling time is 136/600-0.23 seconds (the advancing speed of the unit is 0.6m/s in general sowing), the sowing depth is 50mm, and the thickness of the soil layer between the seed and the fertilizer is 53 mm.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the fertilizing device comprises a base plate which is arranged on the mounting plate, has the same size and shape as the mounting plate and has different thickness and is used for adjusting the fertilizing depth. A combined hoe-shovel normal position deep fertilization broad width seeding furrow opener is characterized in that a base plate which is the same as the mounting plate 1 in size and shape and different in thickness is added between the mounting plate 1 and a frame rear main beam before seeding, and the fertilization depth can be adjusted. Preferably, the furrow opener adjusts the fertilizing depth: the fertilizing depth without a mat is 103mm, the adjustable range is 103-120 mm, and the maximum fertilizing depth is 120 mm. Before further sowing, after the fertilizing depth is determined, the seed sowing part can be moved along the edge of the rib plate b8, the relative position of the seed falling port and the fertilizer falling port is adjusted, the sowing depth is adjusted, and the thickness of a soil layer between the seed and the fertilizer is adjusted. Preferably, when the fertilizing depth of the seed dropping port and the fertilizer dropping port is adjusted to be 103mm without adding a cushion plate, the vertical distance between the seed dropping port and the fertilizer dropping port is 53mm, the sowing depth is 50mm, and the soil layer between the seed and the fertilizer is 53 mm. When the fertilizing depth of the base plate is 120mm, the distance between the fertilizer dropping port and the seed dropping port is 70mm, the sowing depth is 50mm, and the soil layer between the seeds and the fertilizer is 70 mm.

In the embodiment of the invention, the integration design of the fertilizing and ditching component and the sowing and ditching component is adopted, so that the novel combined type hoeing and shoveling forward and deep fertilizing wide sowing and ditching device can be arranged in the rotary tillage curved blade on the rotary tillage knife roller, and the rotary tillage knife is arranged in front of the backward soil throwing range. The phenomena of congestion and winding in the operation are effectively prevented; under the condition of not arranging a soil covering mechanism, one-time quick soil covering is realized, and fertilizers are covered; the machine tool structure is simplified, the technical effect that the overall structure tends to be simplified is achieved, and the technical problems that the machine tool mechanism is complex and large, the center of gravity is poor, the longitudinal stability of the machine tool is low, and the utilization rate of the standardized parts of the machine tool is low due to the fact that the existing seeder is additionally provided with the anti-blocking device and the rotary tillage cutter structures of the fertilizing furrow opener part, the sowing furrow opener part and the rotary tillage cutter roller are respectively arranged are solved.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. Novel combination formula hoe shovel normal position deep fertilization broad width seeding furrow opener, its characterized in that includes:

the upper end of the fertilizer discharging assembly is connected with a rear beam of a frame of the seeder through a mounting plate;

2. The novel combined type hoe-shovel normal-position deep-fertilizing wide-width sowing furrow opener according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer discharging assembly comprises a fertilizer discharging pipe and a fertilizer guiding plate, the fertilizer guiding plate is arranged in the fertilizer discharging pipe, and a fertilizer falling port of the fertilizer discharging pipe is arranged at the rear part of the furrow opener.

3. The novel combined hoe-shovel normal-position deep-fertilizing wide-width sowing furrow opener according to claim 1, wherein the seed discharging assembly comprises a seed discharging pipe, a seed spreader and seed distributing pieces, the seed spreader is arranged on the seed discharging pipe, and the seed distributing pieces are welded on the inner wall of a seed dropping opening of the seed spreader.

4. The novel combined hoe-shovel normal-position deep-fertilizing wide-width sowing furrow opener according to claim 1, wherein the rib plate b is an included angle structure which enables a fertilizer discharging pipe of the fertilizer discharging assembly and a seed discharging pipe of the seed discharging assembly to form a theta angle.

5. The novel combination hoe blade normal position deep fertilizing wide width sowing opener of claim 4, wherein the θ angle is 7 °.

6. The novel combined type hoe-shovel normal-position deep-fertilizing wide-width sowing furrow opener is characterized by comprising a plurality of groups of furrow openers, wherein the row spacing between the furrow openers is R.

7. The novel combined hoe blade normal position deep fertilizing wide width sowing opener according to claim 6, characterized in that the row spacing R is 250 mm.

8. The novel combined hoe-shovel normal-position deep-fertilizing wide-width sowing furrow opener is characterized by comprising a base plate, wherein the base plate is arranged on the mounting plate, has the same size and shape as the mounting plate and has different thickness and is used for adjusting the fertilizing depth before sowing.