CN111354609A - 线路侧电源，双重断路，开关中性电子电路断路器 - Google Patents

线路侧电源，双重断路，开关中性电子电路断路器 Download PDF

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CN111354609A
CN111354609A CN201911299128.1A CN201911299128A CN111354609A CN 111354609 A CN111354609 A CN 111354609A CN 201911299128 A CN201911299128 A CN 201911299128A CN 111354609 A CN111354609 A CN 111354609A
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C.米特尔斯塔特
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/123—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release using a solid-state trip unit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/002—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00 with provision for switching the neutral conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/02—Housings; Casings; Bases; Mountings
    • H01H71/0207—Mounting or assembling the different parts of the circuit breaker
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/46—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release having means for operating auxiliary contacts additional to the main contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/20—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H2071/006—Provisions for user interfaces for electrical protection devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H01H2071/042—Means for indicating condition of the switching device with different indications for different conditions, e.g. contact position, overload, short circuit or earth leakage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/20—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition
    • H01H2083/201—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition the other abnormal electrical condition being an arc fault

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Abstract

断路器具有连接到线路电源的第一固定触头和连接到中性线的第二固定触头。联接到负载电源端子的第一可动触头安装在可动致动器上与第一固定触头并置，以在第一可动触头和第一固定触头闭合时形成电源电路。连接到负载中性端子的第二可动触头安装在可动致动器上并与第二固定触头并置，以在第二可动触头和第二固定触头闭合时形成中性电路。可动致动器响应于操作手柄的致动或感测到脱扣时间而使所述第一可动触头和所述第二可动触头一致地移动以打开第一固定触头和第一可动触头之间的电源电路，并且同时打开第二固定触头和第二可动触头之间的中性电路。

Description

线路侧电源，双重断路，开关中性电子电路断路器
技术领域
公开的本发明涉及断路器。
背景技术
微型断路器在现有技术中是众所周知的。美国专利No.5,245,302公开了一种说明性的断路器设计，其属于与本申请相同的专利权人，并且其公开内容通过引用并入本文。如专利’302所示，基本的小型自动断路器包括基座和盖，线路电源端子，负载电源端子以及在线路端子和负载端子之间的电路。该电路包括固定触头和固定到触头载体的可动触头，该可动触头可在触头打开位置和触头闭合位置之间移动以断开或闭合电路。断路器包括电弧中断室，用于打开和闭合触头的操作机构以及电流响应脱扣机构，该电流响应脱扣机构响应于持续的中等过载或瞬时短路而释放操作机构以打开触头。
现代的微型断路器结合了发光二极管(LED)，使用户能够轻松识别脱扣条件和故障类型，例如电弧故障或接地故障。在一些实施例中，用于LED的电路从线路电源侧供电，以确保当断路器脱扣时LED保持点亮。但是，如果无意地断开了断路器的中性端子，会发生触电危险，从而导致来自电源侧的电力流经LED的电路，并存在于断路器的负载中性端子上。
发明内容
相比之下，本发明提供了一种简单、安全、实用且易于制造的微型断路器，其从线路电源侧向电子板或印刷电路板组件(PCBA)提供电力，同时防止由于断路器的中性端子意外断开而导致的触电危险。PCBA可以为LED提供电力或为其他功能供电，例如拒绝服务螺线管(denial of service solenoid)或内部通信硬件，例如无线电发射器和接收器。根据本发明，断路器包括用于电源端子到负载电源端子电路路径和用于中性端子到负载中性端子电路路径的分开的触头对，并且两个触头对同时一致地断开和闭合。PCBA跨线路电源端子和中性端子直接连接，并且在打开两个触头对时保持连接。但是，当两个触头对都打开时，线路电源和中性电路路径均会中断与负载电源和负载中性端子的连接，以防止来自线路电源侧的电力流经PCBA的电路并存在于断路器的负载中性端子上。
附图说明
图1A和1B是现有技术断路器的电路图，其示出了微型断路器，该微型断路器包括由负载侧供电的电子板，但是当断路器触头打开时，对LED的供电中断。
图2A和2B是现有技术断路器的电路图，其示出了微型断路器，该微型断路器包括由线路电源侧供电的电子板，但是如果意外断开断路器的中性端子，可能会造成触电危险，从而使来自线路电源侧的电力流经电子电路板的电路并存在于断路器的负载中性端子上。
图3A和3B是根据本发明的断路器的电路图，其示出了微型断路器，该微型断路器包括由线路电源侧供电的电子板。从线路电源侧向电子板提供电力，同时防止由于断路器的中性端子意外断开而导致的电击危险。断路器包括用于线路电源端子至负载电源端子电路路径以及用于中性端子至负载中性端子电路路径的分开的触头对，并且两个触头对同时一致地断开和闭合。当两个触头对都打开时，线路电源和中性电路路径均会中断与负载电源和负载中性端子的连接，以防止来自线路电源侧的电力流经电子板的电路并存在于断路器的负载中性端子上。
图4A是根据本发明的图3A和3B的断路器的从左上方看的前透视图，触头对闭合或处于接通(ON)位置。断路器包括用于线路电源端子至负载电源端子电路路径以及用于中性端子至负载中性端子电路路径的分开的触头对，并且两个触头对同时一致地断开和闭合。电子线路板的电路跨线路电源端子和中性端子直接连接，并且在打开两个触头对时保持连接。但是，根据本发明，当两个触头对都打开时，线路电源和中性电路路径均会中断与负载电源和负载中性端子的连接，以防止来自线路电源侧的电力流经电子板的电路并存在于断路器的负载中性端子上。
图4B是根据本发明的图3A和图3B的断路器的从左上方看的前透视图，触头对打开(OPEN)或处于关断(OFF)位置。
图4C是根据本发明的图3A和图3B的断路器的前透视图，触头对打开(OPEN)或处于关断(OFF)位置。
具体实施方式
图1A和1B是现有技术断路器的电路图，该断路器结合有电子板，该电子板包括发光二极管(LED)，以使用户能够容易地识别脱扣条件和故障类型，例如电弧故障或接地故障。电子板的电路由负载侧供电，但当断路器触头打开时，对电子板的供电中断。
图2A和2B是现有技术断路器的电路图，其示出了微型断路器，该微型断路器包括电子板，该电子板包括从线路电源侧供电的发光二极管(LED)，以确保当断路器脱扣时LED保持点亮。但是，如果不小心断开了断路器的中性端子，会发生触电危险，从而导致来自电源侧的电力流经电子板的电路，并存在于断路器的负载中性端子上。
图3A和3B是是根据本发明的断路器100的电路图，其示出了微型断路器，该微型断路器包括由线路电源侧106供电的电子板或印刷电路板组件(PCBA)140。PCBA 140可以向LED提供电力或为其他功能供电，例如拒绝服务螺线管或内部通信硬件，例如无线电发射器和接收器。从线路电源侧向PCBA提供电力，同时防止由于断路器的中性端子108意外断开而导致的电击危险。断路器包括用于线路电源端子106至负载电源端子152电路路径的触头对112/122以及用于中性端子108至负载中性端子150电路路径的触头对110/120，并且两个触头对同时一致地断开和闭合。当两个触头对110/120和112/122均打开时，线路电源电路路径106/152和中性电路路径108/150均被中断与负载电源152和负载中性线150端子的连接，以防止来自线路电源侧106的电力流经电路板140并存在在断路器的负载中性端子150上。
图4A是根据本发明的图3A和3B的断路器的从左上方看的前透视图，其中触头对110/120和112/122闭合或处于接通位置。断路器100包括断路器的壳体101，该壳体包括操作手柄102和过电流脱扣机构130。
断路器100包括在壳体中的第一固定触头112，其连接到断路器的线路电源端子106。
断路器100包括在壳体中的第二固定触头110，其连接到断路器的中性端子108。
断路器100包括在壳体中的第一可动触头122，该第一可动触头122联接到断路器的负载电源端子152，该第一可动触头122安装在可动致动器104上并且与第一固定触头112并置以在第一可动触头122和第一固定触头112闭合时形成线路电源端子106和负载电源端子152之间的电源电路。
断路器100包括在壳体中的第二可动触头120，该第二可动触头120连接到断路器的负载中性端子150，该第二可动触头120安装在可动致动器104上并且与第二固定触头110并置以在第二可动触头120和第二固定触头110闭合时形成中性端子180和负载中性端子150之间的中性电路。
可动致动器104被配置为响应于操作手柄102的致动或响应于过电流脱扣机构130感测到脱扣事件而一致地移动第一可动触头122和第二可动触头120，以打开相应的第一固定触头112和第一可动触头122之间的电源电路并同时打开第二固定触头110和第二可动触头120之间的中性电路，如图4B所示。过电流脱扣机构130包括触发或脱扣螺线管111，在检测到过电流情况时，其释放脱扣闩锁109，脱扣闩锁109使脱扣杆107移动，脱扣杆107切换可动致动器104以打开两个触头对110/120和112/122。可动致动器104通过切换弹簧105在图4A的闭合位置和图4B的打开位置之间切换。可动致动器104还在第一和第二可动触头120和122之间提供电绝缘屏障。
断路器100包括负载供电的电路板142，在触发或脱扣螺线管111释放脱扣闩锁109使脱扣杆107移动以打开两个触头对110/120和112/122的同时，该负载供电的电路板142通过光耦合器160将脱扣事件的故障类型写入线路供电的电路板140。然后，线路供电的电路板140中的LED显示故障类型。电路板140还可以管理通信硬件，例如无线电发射器和接收器，以通信触头的脱扣状态。电路板140还可以管理拒绝服务硬件，例如电路和螺线管以移动可动致动器104，以例如响应于由无线电接收器接收的命令来接通和关断断路器。
断路器100在壳体101中包括围绕第一和第二固定触头110/112以及第一和第二可动触头120/122的尺寸减小的电弧室115(图4C所示)，对应于第一可动触头和第一固定触头之间的尺寸减小的气隙以及第二可动触头和第二固定触头之间的尺寸减小的气隙。尺寸减小的气隙是基于对半划分在第一和第二固定触头与第一和第二可动触头之间流动的电弧电流。
图4B是根据本发明的图3A和3B的断路器的从左上方看的前透视图，其中触头对110/120和112/122打开或处于关断位置。示出了操作手柄102处于关断位置并且触头对打开。可动致动器104被配置为响应于操作手柄102的致动或响应于过电流脱扣机构130感测到脱扣事件而一致地移动第一可动触头122和第二可动触头120，以打开相应的第一固定触头112和第一可动触头122之间的电源电路并同时打开第二固定触头110和第二可动触头120之间的中性电路。
图4C是根据本发明的图3A和图3B以及图4B的断路器的正视图，其中触头对打开或处于关断位置。图4C中的视图更清楚地指示了壳体中尺寸减小的电弧室115以及可动触头120和固定触头110之间的尺寸减小的气隙。尺寸减小的气隙是基于对半划分在固定触头110/112和可动触头120/122之间流动的电弧电流。
尽管已经公开了本发明的特定示例实施例，但是本领域技术人员将理解，可以对针对特定示例实施例描述的细节进行改变，而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种断路器，包括：
第一固定触头，其连接到断路器的线路电源端子；
第二固定触头，其连接到断路器的中性端子；
第一可动触头，其联接到断路器的负载电源端子，所述第一可动触头安装在可动致动器上并与所述第一固定触头并置，以在所述第一可动触头与所述第一固定触头闭合时形成所述线路电源端子和所述负载电源端子之间的电源电路；
第二可动触头，其连接到断路器的负载中性端子，所述第二可动触头安装在所述可动致动器上并与所述第二固定触头并置，以在所述第二可动触头和所述第二固定触头闭合时形成所述中性端子与所述负载中性端子之间的中性电路；以及
可动致动器，其配置成使所述第一可动触头和所述第二可动触头一致地移动以打开所述第一固定触头和所述第一可动触头之间的电源电路，并且同时打开所述第二固定触头和所述第二可动触头之间的中性电路。
2.根据权利要求1所述的断路器，还包括：
断路器的壳体，其包括操作手柄和过电流脱扣机构；并且
所述可动致动器配置成响应于所述操作手柄的致动或所述过电流脱扣机构感测脱扣事件而移动所述第一可动触头和所述第二可动触头。
3.根据权利要求2所述的断路器，还包括：
壳体中的围绕所述第一固定触头和所述第二固定触头以及所述第一可动触头和所述第二可动触头的尺寸减小的电弧室，其对应于所述第一可动触头和所述第一固定触头之间的尺寸减小的气隙和所述第二可动触头与所述第二固定触头之间的尺寸减小的气隙，尺寸减小的气隙基于划分所述第一固定触头和所述第二固定触头与所述第一可动触头和所述第二可动触头之间的电弧电流。
4.根据权利要求1所述的断路器，还包括：
线路供电的电路板，其包括跨线路电源端子和中性端子直接连接的发光二极管(LED)、拒绝服务硬件或通信硬件中的至少一个，当所述第一固定触头和所述第二固定触头与所述第一可动触头和第二可动触头打开时，所述发光二极管(LED)、拒绝服务硬件或通信硬件中的至少一个保持连接；
由此，从线路电源侧向所述电路板供电，同时防止由于断路器的中性端子意外断开而导致的触电危险。
5.根据权利要求1所述的断路器，还包括：
负载供电的电路板，其配置为在所述第一固定触头和所述第二固定触头与所述第一可动触头和所述第二可动触头打开的同时，通过光耦合器将脱扣事件的故障类型写入线路供电的电路板；以及
发光二极管(LED)，其跨线路电源端子和中性端子直接连接，并且配置为显示故障类型。
CN201911299128.1A 2018-12-20 2019-12-17 线路侧电源，双重断路，开关中性电子电路断路器 Pending CN111354609A (zh)

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