CN111354502B - Composition for forming solar cell electrode and solar cell electrode - Google Patents
Composition for forming solar cell electrode and solar cell electrode Download PDFInfo
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- CN111354502B CN111354502B CN201911020789.6A CN201911020789A CN111354502B CN 111354502 B CN111354502 B CN 111354502B CN 201911020789 A CN201911020789 A CN 201911020789A CN 111354502 B CN111354502 B CN 111354502B
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- cell electrode
- silicone compound
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The present invention provides a composition for a solar cell electrode and a solar cell electrode formed from the composition. A composition for a solar cell electrode comprising: a conductive powder; glass powder; an organic vehicle; and a silicone compound, wherein the silicone compound comprises a linear silicone compound and a cyclic silicone compound in a weight ratio of 8:2 to 7: 3. The invention provides a composition for a solar cell electrode, which has good characteristics in terms of discharge performance and printability, can ensure a high aspect ratio of the electrode after baking, and can improve the conversion efficiency of the solar cell.
Description
Cross Reference to Related Applications
This application claims the benefit of Korean patent application No. 10-2018-0167820 filed by the Korean Intellectual Property Office (Korean Intellectual Property Office) on 21/12/2018, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a composition for a solar cell electrode and a solar cell electrode formed of the composition.
Background
The silicon-based solar cell is composed of a substrate formed of a p-type silicon semiconductor and an emitter layer formed of an n-type silicon semiconductor. A p-n junction is formed between the p-type substrate and the n-type emitter layer. When sunlight is incident on the solar cell having such a structure, electrons are generated as majority carriers in an emitter layer formed of an n-type silicon semiconductor and holes are generated as majority carriers in a substrate formed of a p-type silicon semiconductor by a photovoltaic effect. The electrons and holes generated by the photovoltaic effect move to the front electrode and the rear electrode formed on the upper and lower sides of the emitter layer, respectively. When the electrodes are connected to each other by the electric wire, a current flows therebetween. Generally, silver (Ag) paste is used to form the front electrode. Such an electrode paste needs to be able to realize an electrode shape capable of maximizing a short circuit current and minimizing a line resistance while ensuring enhanced solar cell performance.
Since sunlight incident on the solar cell is not completely converted into electric energy, it is necessary to reduce a loss factor to improve the efficiency of the solar cell. Loss factors of solar cells are largely divided into optical loss and electrical loss. Examples of optical losses include losses due to sunlight reflecting from the solar cell surface, shadow losses due to electrodes, and losses due to sunlight wavelength. For a typical commercially available solar cell, an electrode is formed on the front surface of incident light. Therefore, incident sunlight is shielded by the electrodes and thus dead zones (dead areas) are formed and absorption of sunlight is blocked, which phenomenon is called "shadow", resulting in a decrease in conversion efficiency of the solar cell. To solve this problem, a method of reducing the line width of the electrode to reduce the shadow has been adopted. However, this method has a problem in that the discharge property of the electrode paste may be deteriorated during screen printing, thereby causing finger lines (finger lines) to be broken or separated from the wafer during pattern formation. Therefore, a method of improving the dischargeability of the electrode paste by reducing the viscosity of the electrode paste has been proposed. However, this method has difficulty in securing a high aspect ratio of the electrode after baking.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a composition for a solar cell electrode having good characteristics in terms of discharge properties and printability.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a composition for a solar cell electrode that can ensure a high aspect ratio of the electrode after baking.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell electrode capable of improving the conversion efficiency of a solar cell.
1. According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a composition for a solar cell electrode, comprising: a conductive powder; glass powder; an organic vehicle; and a silicone compound, wherein the silicone compound comprises a silicone compound and a cyclic silicone compound in a weight ratio of 8:2 to 7: 3.
2. In paragraph 1, the linear silicone compound may be represented by formula 1:
[ formula 1]
Wherein R is11To R18Each independently is hydrogen or C1Alkyl to C10Alkyl and n1 is an integer from 1 to 500, when n1 is greater than or equal to 2, two or more R14Equal to or different from each other and two or more than two R15The same or different from each other.
3. In paragraph 1 or paragraph 2, the cyclic silicone compound may be represented by formula 2:
[ formula 2]
Wherein R is21And R22Each independently is hydrogen or C1Alkyl to C10Alkyl, n2 is an integer from 2 to 500, two or more R21Equal to or different from each other and two or more than two R22The same or different from each other.
4. In any of paragraphs 1 to 3, the linear silicone compound may have a weight average molecular weight of 50,000 g/mole to 300,000 g/mole and the cyclic silicone compound may have a weight average molecular weight of 200 g/mole to 2,000 g/mole.
5. In any of the paragraphs 1 to 4, the composition for a solar cell electrode may comprise: 60 to 95 wt% of a conductive powder; 0.1 to 20 wt% of glass frit; 1 to 30 wt% of an organic vehicle; and 0.1 wt% to 5 wt% of a silicone compound.
6. According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a solar cell electrode formed of the composition for a solar cell electrode according to any one of the paragraphs 1 to 5.
The invention provides a composition for a solar cell electrode, which has good characteristics in terms of discharge performance and printability, can ensure a high aspect ratio of the electrode after baking, and can improve the conversion efficiency of the solar cell.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
11: a p layer;
12: n layers;
21: a back electrode;
23: a front electrode;
100: solar cells/wafers or substrates.
Detailed Description
A description of known functions and configurations which may unnecessarily obscure the subject matter of the present invention will be omitted.
As used herein, the terms "comprises/comprising" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. In addition, the singular forms "a" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Furthermore, even if not explicitly described, tolerances in the analysis of the components are taken into account.
Further, as used herein, "X to Y" means a range of values, meaning "greater than or equal to X and less than or equal to Y" or ". gtoreq.X and. ltoreq.Y".
As used herein, "weight average molecular weight" can be measured by gel permeation chromatography with polystyrene standards.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a composition for a solar cell electrode comprises: a conductive powder; glass powder; an organic vehicle; and a silicone compound, wherein the silicone compound comprises a silicone compound and a cyclic silicone compound in a weight ratio of 8:2 to 7: 3.
Now, each component of the composition for a solar cell electrode according to the present invention will be described in more detail.
Conductive powder
The conductive powder may include, for example, at least one metal powder selected from the group consisting of: silver (Ag), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), aluminum (Al), and nickel (Ni) powder, but is not limited thereto. In one embodiment, the first conductive layer may include silver powder.
The conductive powder may have various particle shapes such as, but not limited to, spherical, plate-like, or amorphous particle shapes.
The conductive powder may have a nanometer (nm) or micrometer (μm) scale particle size. For example, the conductive powder may have an average particle diameter of several tens of nanometers to several hundreds of nanometers, or may have an average particle diameter of several micrometers to several tens of micrometers. Alternatively, the conductive powder may be a mixture of two or more types of conductive powders having different particle sizes.
The conductive powder may have the following average particle diameter (D)50): 0.1 micrometers to 10 micrometers (e.g., 0.1 micrometers, 0.2 micrometers, 0.3 micrometers, 0.4 micrometers, 0.5 micrometers, 0.6 micrometers, 0.7 micrometers, 0.8 micrometers, 0.9 micrometers, 1 micrometer, 2 micrometers, 3 micrometers, 4 micrometers, 5 micrometers, 6 micrometers, 7 micrometers, 8 micrometers, 9 micrometers, or 10 micrometers, for example, still 0.5 micrometers to 5 micrometers). In this range, the conductive powder can reduce series resistance and contact resistance. Herein, the average particle diameter (D) may be measured using a model 1064LD particle size analyzer (CILAS co., Ltd)) after dispersing conductive powder in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) at 25 ℃ for 3 minutes by ultrasonic treatment50)。
Although the amount of the conductive powder is not particularly limited, the conductive powder may be present in, for example, the following amounts based on the total weight of the composition for a solar cell electrode: 60 wt% to 95 wt% (e.g., 60 wt%, 61 wt%, 62 wt%, 63 wt%, 64 wt%, 65 wt%, 66 wt%, 67 wt%, 68 wt%, 69 wt%, 70 wt%, 71 wt%, 72 wt%, 73 wt%, 74 wt%, 75 wt%, 76 wt%, 77 wt%, 78 wt%, 79 wt%, 80 wt%, 81 wt%, 82 wt%, 83 wt%, 84 wt%, 85 wt%, 86 wt%, 87 wt%, 88 wt%, 89 wt%, 90 wt%, 91 wt%, 92 wt%, 93 wt%, 94 wt%, or 95 wt%, still e.g., 70 wt% to 90 wt%). Within this range, the composition can improve the solar cell conversion efficiency and can be easily prepared in the form of a paste.
Glass powder
The glass frit is used to form grains in the emitter region by etching the anti-reflection layer and melting the conductive powder during a baking process of the composition for the solar cell electrode. In addition, the glass frit improves the adhesion of the conductive powder to the wafer and is softened to reduce the baking temperature during the baking process.
The glass frit may include at least one metal selected from the group consisting of: lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), and tellurium (Te), lithium (Li), phosphorus (P), germanium (Ge), gallium (Ga), cerium (Ce), iron (Fe), silicon (Si), zinc (Zn), tungsten (W), magnesium (Mg), cesium (Cs), strontium (Sr), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tin (Sn), indium (In), vanadium (v), barium (Ba), nickel (Ni), sodium (Na), potassium (K), arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), zirconium (Zr), manganese (Mn), and aluminum (Al).
For example, the glass frit may include at least one selected from the group consisting of: Bi-Te-O glass powder, Pb-Bi-O glass powder, Pb-Te-Bi-O glass powder, Te-B-O glass powder, Te-Ag-O glass powder, Pb-Si-O glass powder, Bi-Si-O glass powder, Te-Zn-O glass powder, Bi-Te-Zn-Li-O glass powder, Bi-B-O glass powder, Pb-B-O glass powder, Bi-Mo-O glass powder, Mo-B-O glass powder, and Te-Si-O glass powder. In this case, the solar cell electrode manufactured using the composition may exhibit a good balance between electrical characteristics thereof.
The shape and size of the glass frit are not particularly limited. For example, the glass frit may have a spherical or amorphous shape and may have the following average particle diameter (D)50): 0.1 microns to 10 microns (e.g., 0.1 microns, 0.2 microns, 0.3 microns, 0.4 microns, 0.5 microns, 0.6 microns, 0.7 microns, 0.8 microns, 0.9 microns, 1 micron, 2 microns, 3 microns, 4 microns, 5 microns, 6 microns, 7 microns, 8 microns, 9 microns, or 10 microns). Herein, the average particle diameter (D) may be measured using a model 1064LD particle size analyzer (CILAS co., Ltd)) after dispersing glass frit in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) at 25 ℃ for 3 minutes by ultrasonic dispersion50)。
The glass frit may be prepared from the aforementioned metals and/or metal oxides by any typical method known in the art. For example, the glass frit can be prepared by: mixing the aforementioned metals and/or metal oxides using a ball mill or orbital mill; melting the mixture at 800 ℃ to 1300 ℃ (e.g., 800 ℃,900 ℃,1,000 ℃,1,100 ℃,1,200 ℃, or 1,300 ℃); and quenching the molten mixture to 25 ℃; the obtained product is subsequently pulverized using a disk mill, an orbital mill or the like.
Although the amount of the glass frit is not particularly limited, the glass frit may be present in, for example, the following amounts: 0.1 wt% to 20 wt% (e.g., 0.1 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 0.9 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, 5 wt%, 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt%, 10 wt%, 11 wt%, 12 wt%, 13 wt%, 14 wt%, 15 wt%, 16 wt%, 17 wt%, 18 wt%, 19 wt%, or 20 wt%, for example, 0.5 wt% to 10 wt%). Within this range, the composition can provide good characteristics in terms of series resistance, open circuit voltage, and short circuit current, thereby enhancing solar cell performance and can exhibit good electrical characteristics and improved adhesion.
Organic vehicle
The organic vehicle imparts suitable viscosity and rheological characteristics for printing to the composition for solar cell electrodes by mechanical mixing with the inorganic components of the composition.
The organic vehicle may be any typical organic vehicle used in a composition for a solar cell electrode and may include a binder resin, a solvent, and the like.
The binder resin may be selected from acrylate resins or cellulose resins. For example, ethyl cellulose may be used as the binder resin. Alternatively, the binder resin may be selected from: ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, a blend of ethyl cellulose and a phenol resin, an alkyd resin, a phenol resin, an acrylate resin, a xylene resin, a polybutylene resin, a polyester resin, a urea resin, a melamine resin, a vinyl acetate resin, wood rosin, a polymethacrylate of an alcohol, and the like.
The solvent may be selected from the group consisting of, for example: hexane, toluene, ethyl cellosolve, cyclohexanone, butyl cellosolve, butyl carbitol (butyl carbitol) (diethylene glycol monobutyl ether), dibutyl carbitol (butyl carbitol) (diethylene glycol dibutyl ether), butyl carbitol acetate (butyl carbitol acetate) (diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate), propylene glycol monomethyl ether, hexylene glycol, terpineol (terpineol), methyl ethyl ketone, benzyl alcohol, γ -butyrolactone, ethyl lactate, and 2,2, 4-trimethyl-1, 3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate (e.g., decaglycol ester (Texanol)). These may be used alone or in a mixture thereof.
Although the amount of the organic vehicle is not particularly limited, the organic vehicle may be present in, for example, the following amounts based on the total weight of the composition for the solar cell electrode: 1 wt% to 30 wt% (e.g., 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, 5 wt%, 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt%, 10 wt%, 11 wt%, 12 wt%, 13 wt%, 14 wt%, 15 wt%, 16 wt%, 17 wt%, 18 wt%, 19 wt%, 20 wt%, 21 wt%, 22 wt%, 23 wt%, 24 wt%, 25 wt%, 26 wt%, 27 wt%, 28 wt%, 29 wt%, or 30 wt%, still e.g., 3 wt% to 20 wt%). Within this range, the organic vehicle can provide sufficient adhesive strength and good printability to the composition.
Silicone compound
As described above, the composition for a solar cell electrode includes a silicone compound including a linear silicone compound and a cyclic silicone compound in a weight ratio of 8:2 to 7:3 (e.g., 8:2, 79:21, 78:22, 77:23, 76:24, 75:25, 74:26, 73:27, 72:28, 71:29, or 7: 3). The silicone compound can improve sliding characteristics of a composition for a solar cell electrode, thereby improving the discharge property and printability of the composition and can allow a solar cell electrode having a high aspect ratio to be formed even after a baking process, thereby improving solar cell conversion efficiency.
The linear silicone compound may be represented by formula 1:
[ formula 1]
In formula 1, R11To R18May each independently be hydrogen or C1Alkyl to C10Alkyl (e.g. C)1Alkyl radical, C2Alkyl radical, C3Alkyl radical, C4Alkyl radical, C5Alkyl radical, C6Alkyl radical, C7Alkyl radical, C8Alkyl radical, C9Alkyl, or C10Alkyl groups). In one embodiment, R11To R18Each independently may be methyl, ethyl or propyl. In another embodiment, R11To R18But are not limited to methyl.
In formula 1, n1 may be an integer from 1 to 500 (e.g., 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 460, 470, 480, 490, or 500). Herein, n1 means-Si (R)14)(R15) -a number of O-wherein and are each binding sites for adjacent atoms. When n1 is 2 or greater than 2, two or greater than two R14May be the same as or different from each other and two or more than two R15May be the same as or different from each other.
In one embodiment, the linear silicone compound may have the following weight average molecular weight: 50,000 g/mole to 300,000 g/mole (e.g., 50,000 g/mole, 60,000 g/mole, 70,000 g/mole, 80,000 g/mole, 90,000 g/mole, 100,000 g/mole, 110,000 g/mole, 120,000 g/mole, 130,000 g/mole, 140,000 g/mole, 150,000 g/mole, 160,000 g/mole, 170,000 g/mole, 180,000 g/mole, 190,000 g/mole, 200,000 g/mole, 210,000 g/mole, 220,000 g/mole, 230,000 g/mole, 240,000 g/mole, 250,000 g/mole, 260,000 g/mole, 270,000 g/mole, 280,000 g/mole, 290,000 g/mole, 300,000 g/mole, e.g. 50,000 g/mole to 150,000 g/mole). Within this range, the linear silicone compound may improve the sliding characteristics of the composition for a solar cell electrode, thereby improving the discharge and printability of the composition and may allow the formation of a solar cell electrode having a high aspect ratio even after a baking process.
Although the amount of the linear silicone compound is not particularly limited, the linear silicone compound may be present in, for example, the following amounts based on the total weight of the composition for a solar cell electrode: 0.1 wt% to 5 wt% (e.g., 0.1 wt%, 0.15 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.25 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.35 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.45 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.55 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.65 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 0.75 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 0.85 wt%, 0.9 wt%, 0.95 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.05 wt%, 1.1 wt%, 1.15 wt%, 1.2 wt%, 1.25 wt%, 1.3 wt%, 1.35 wt%, 1.4 wt%, 1.45 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 1.55 wt%, 1.6 wt%, 1.65 wt%, 1.7 wt%, 1.75 wt%, 1.8 wt%, 1.85 wt%, 1.9 wt%, 1.95 wt%, 2 wt%, 2.1 wt%, 2.2 wt%, 2.3.4 wt%, 2 wt%, 2.4 wt%, 2.7 wt%, 3.7 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.3 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3 wt%, 3., 4.4 wt%, 4.5 wt%, 4.6 wt%, 4.7 wt%, 4.8 wt%, 4.9 wt%, or 5 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt% to 1.5 wt%). Within this range, the linear silicone compound may improve the sliding characteristics of the composition for a solar cell electrode, thereby improving the discharge and printability of the composition and may allow the formation of a solar cell electrode having a high aspect ratio even after a baking process.
The cyclic silicone compound may be represented by formula 2:
[ formula 2]
In formula 2, R21To R22May each independently be hydrogen or C1Alkyl to C10Alkyl (e.g. C)1Alkyl radical, C2Alkyl radical, C3Alkyl radical, C4Alkyl radical, C5Alkyl radical, C6Alkyl radical, C7Alkyl radical, C8Alkyl radical, C9Alkyl, or C10Alkyl groups). In one embodiment, R21To R22Each independently may be methyl, ethyl or propyl. In another embodiment, R21To R22But are not limited to methyl.
In formula 1, n2 can be an integer from 2 to 500 (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 460, 470, 480, 490, or 500, still for example, from 2 to 10 or 4 to 6). Herein, n2 means-Si (R)21)(R22) -a number of O-wherein and are each binding sites for adjacent atoms. Two or more than two R21May be the same as or different from each other and two or more than two R22May be the same as or different from each other.
In one embodiment, the cyclic silicone compound may have the following weight average molecular weight: 200 g/mole to 2,000 g/mole (e.g., 200 g/mole, 250 g/mole, 300 g/mole, 350 g/mole, 400 g/mole, 450 g/mole, 500 g/mole, 550 g/mole, 600 g/mole, 650 g/mole, 700 g/mole, 750 g/mole, 800 g/mole, 850 g/mole, 900 g/mole, 950 g/mole, 1,000 g/mole, 1,050 g/mole, 1,100 g/mole, 1,150 g/mole, 1,200 g/mole, 1,250 g/mole, 1,300 g/mole, 1,350 g/mole, 1,400 g/mole, 1,450 g/mole, 1,500 g/mole, 1,550 g/mole, 1,600 g/mole, 1,650 g/mole, 1,700 g/mole, 1,750 g/mole, 1,800 g/mole, 1,850 g/mole, 1,900 g/mole, 1,950 g/mole, or 2,000 g/mole, for example, 200 g/mole to 1,000 g/mole). Within this range, the cyclic silicone compound may improve the sliding characteristics of the composition for a solar cell electrode, thereby improving the discharge and printability of the composition and may allow the formation of a solar cell electrode having a high aspect ratio even after a baking process.
Although the amount of the cyclic silicone compound is not particularly limited, the cyclic silicone compound may be present in, for example, the following amounts based on the total weight of the composition for a solar cell electrode: 0.1 wt% to 5 wt% (e.g., 0.1 wt%, 0.15 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.25 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.35 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.45 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.55 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.65 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 0.75 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 0.85 wt%, 0.9 wt%, 0.95 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.05 wt%, 1.1 wt%, 1.15 wt%, 1.2 wt%, 1.25 wt%, 1.3 wt%, 1.35 wt%, 1.4 wt%, 1.45 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 1.55 wt%, 1.6 wt%, 1.65 wt%, 1.7 wt%, 1.75 wt%, 1.8 wt%, 1.85 wt%, 1.9 wt%, 1.95 wt%, 2 wt%, 2.1 wt%, 2.2 wt%, 2.3.4 wt%, 2 wt%, 2.4 wt%, 2.7 wt%, 3.7 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.3 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3 wt%, 3., 4.4 wt%, 4.5 wt%, 4.6 wt%, 4.7 wt%, 4.8 wt%, 4.9 wt%, or 5 wt%, for example, 0.1 wt% to 1.5 wt%). Within this range, the cyclic silicone compound may improve the sliding characteristics of the composition for a solar cell electrode, thereby improving the discharge and printability of the composition and may allow the formation of a solar cell electrode having a high aspect ratio even after a baking process.
Although the amount of the silicone compound is not particularly limited, the silicone compound may be present in, for example, the following amounts: 0.1 wt% to 5 wt% (e.g., 0.1 wt%, 0.15 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.25 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.35 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.45 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.55 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.65 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 0.75 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 0.85 wt%, 0.9 wt%, 0.95 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.05 wt%, 1.1 wt%, 1.15 wt%, 1.2 wt%, 1.25 wt%, 1.3 wt%, 1.35 wt%, 1.4 wt%, 1.45 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 1.55 wt%, 1.6 wt%, 1.65 wt%, 1.7 wt%, 1.75 wt%, 1.8 wt%, 1.85 wt%, 1.9 wt%, 1.95 wt%, 2 wt%, 2.1 wt%, 2.2 wt%, 2.3.4 wt%, 2 wt%, 2.4 wt%, 2.7 wt%, 3.7 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.3 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3 wt%, 3., 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, or 5 weight percent, for example, more than 0.3 and less than or equal to 1.5 weight percent). Within this range, the silicone compound may improve the sliding characteristics of the composition for a solar cell electrode, thereby improving the discharge property and printability of the composition and may allow the formation of a solar cell electrode having a high aspect ratio even after the baking treatment.
Additive agent
The composition for a solar cell electrode according to the present invention may further include any typical additive for enhancing fluidity, processability and stability, if necessary. The additives may include dispersants, thixotropic agents, plasticizers, viscosity stabilizers, defoamers, pigments, UV stabilizers, antioxidants, coupling agents, and the like. These may be used alone or in a mixture thereof. Although the amount of the additive may vary as desired, the additive may be present in the following amounts based on the total weight of the composition for a solar cell electrode: 0.1 wt% to 5 wt% (e.g., 0.1 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 0.9 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.1 wt%, 1.2 wt%, 1.3 wt%, 1.4 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 1.6 wt%, 1.7 wt%, 1.8 wt%, 1.9 wt%, 2 wt%, 2.1 wt%, 2.2 wt%, 2.3 wt%, 2.4 wt%, 2.5 wt%, 2.6 wt%, 2.7 wt%, 2.8 wt%, 2.9 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.1 wt%, 3.2 wt%, 3.3 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 3.6 wt%, 3.7 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.9 wt%, 4 wt%, 4.1 wt%, 4.2 wt%, 4.3.4 wt%, 4.4 wt%, 4.5 wt%, 4.6 wt%, 4.7 wt%, 4.8 wt%, 4.9 wt%, 4.5 wt%, 4.6 wt%, 4.7 wt%, 4 wt%, 4.8 wt%, 4.5 wt%, 4 wt%, or 4 wt%).
Solar cell electrode and solar cell comprising same
According to other aspects of the present invention, there are provided a solar cell electrode formed of the composition for a solar cell electrode and a solar cell including the composition. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a solar cell 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the back electrode 21 and the front electrode 23 may be formed by printing and baking a composition for a solar cell electrode on a wafer or substrate 10 including a p layer 11 (or n layer) and an n layer 12 (or p layer) to be used as an emitter. For example, a preliminary process for preparing a rear electrode may be performed by printing a composition for a solar cell electrode on the back surface of a wafer, followed by drying at about 200 ℃ to about 400 ℃ for about 10 seconds to 60 seconds. In addition, a preliminary process for preparing a front electrode may be performed by printing a composition for a solar cell electrode on the front surface of a wafer, followed by drying. Subsequently, the front and back electrodes can be formed by baking the wafer at about 400 ℃ to about 950 ℃ (e.g., at about 700 ℃ to about 950 ℃) for about 30 seconds to 210 seconds.
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. It should be noted, however, that these examples are provided for illustration only and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
Examples of the invention
Example 1
As an adhesive resin, 1 wt% of ethyl cellulose (STD4, Dow Chemical Company, Ltd Chemical Company) was sufficiently dissolved in 5.5 wt% of dodecanol ester (Eastman Chemical co., Ltd.), and then 90.0 wt% of spherical silver powder (AG-5-11F, Dow Hightech co., Ltd.) having an average particle diameter of 1.5 μm as a conductive powder, 2.5 wt% of Bi-Te-Zn-O glass powder composed of bismuth oxide (15.8 wt%), tellurium oxide (53.8 wt%), zinc oxide (13.2 wt%) and lithium oxide (17.2 wt%) having an average particle diameter of 1.0 μm and a glass transition temperature of 273 ℃, 0.7 wt% of poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) (96, shin Chemical Company, Ltd.), and 0.3 wt% of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (Sigma-Aldrich Corporation) as a cyclic silicone compound was added to the binder solution, followed by mixing and kneading in a 3-roll kneader, thereby preparing a composition for a solar cell electrode.
Examples 2 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3
A composition for a solar cell electrode was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the amount (unit: wt%) of the foregoing components was changed as listed in table 1.
TABLE 1
Evaluation example 1: electric characteristics
Each of the compositions for solar cell electrodes prepared in examples and comparative examples was deposited on a wafer by screen printing in a predetermined pattern followed by drying in an IR drying oven at 300 to 400 ℃ (POCl was formed on the textured surface by texturing the front surface of a boron-doped p-type wafer3N of (A) to (B)+Layer and in n+Forming silicon nitride (SiN) on the layerxH) polycrystalline wafer made of an antireflection film). Subsequently, the aluminum paste was printed on the rear surface of the wafer and dried in the same manner as above. The cell formed according to this step was subjected to baking in a belt baking boiler at a temperature of 400 ℃ to 900 ℃ for 60 seconds, thereby manufacturing a solar cell. The conversion efficiency (unit:%) of the fabricated solar cell was evaluated using a solar cell performance tester CT-801 (Pasan co., Ltd.)).The results are shown in table 2.
Evaluation example 2: aspect ratio
Each of the compositions prepared in examples and comparative examples was deposited over the front surface of a single-crystal silicon wafer by screen printing in a predetermined pattern (screen mask: 360 mesh, emulsion 15 micrometers, 35 micrometer width). Here, screen printing was performed such that the resulting electrode had a trapezoidal shape with a maximum width of 75 micrometers and a maximum height of 17 micrometers. The deposited composition was subjected to drying at 375 ℃ for 30 seconds to 60 seconds and baked at 600 ℃ to 900 ℃ for 60 seconds to 210 seconds using a belt oven, thereby obtaining an electrode, which was then observed with a 3D laser microscope (VK-9700, KEYENCE Corp.) to measure the thickness (unit: micrometer) and line width (unit: micrometer) of the electrode, thereby calculating the aspect ratio of the electrode. The results are shown in table 2.
Evaluation example 3: flatness of
Each of the compositions for solar cell electrodes prepared in examples and comparative examples was deposited over the front surface of a single-crystal silicon wafer by screen printing in a predetermined pattern (screen mask: 360 mesh, emulsion 15 micrometers, 35 micrometer width). Here, screen printing was performed such that the resulting electrode had a trapezoidal shape with a maximum width of 75 micrometers and a maximum height of 17 micrometers. The deposited composition was subjected to drying at 375 ℃ for 30 seconds to 60 seconds and baked at 600 ℃ to 900 ℃ for 60 seconds to 210 seconds using a belt oven, thereby obtaining an electrode, which was then observed with a 3D laser microscope (VK-9700, KEYENCE Corp.) to measure a ten-point average roughness (Rz) of the electrode. The results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the results shown in table 2, the compositions for solar cell electrodes of examples 1 to 3, in which the weight ratio of the linear silicone compound to the cyclic silicone compound (linear silicone compound: cyclic silicone compound) is within the range set forth herein, provide good characteristics in terms of aspect ratio, flatness, and conversion efficiency, compared to the compositions for solar cell electrodes of comparative examples 1 and 2, in which the weight ratio is outside the range set forth herein.
It is to be understood that various modifications, changes, alterations, and equivalent embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A composition for a solar cell electrode comprising:
a conductive powder; glass powder; an organic vehicle; and a silicone compound, and a silicone oil,
wherein the silicone compound comprises a linear silicone compound and a cyclic silicone compound in a weight ratio of 8:2 to 7: 3.
2. The composition for a solar cell electrode according to claim 1, wherein the linear silicone compound is represented by formula 1:
[ formula 1]
Wherein R is11To R18Each independently is hydrogen or C1Alkyl to C10Alkyl and n1 is an integer from 1 to 500, when n1 is greater than or equal to 2, two or more R14Equal to or different from each other and two or more than two R15The same or different from each other.
3. The composition for a solar cell electrode according to claim 1, wherein the cyclic silicone compound is represented by formula 2:
[ formula 2]
Wherein R is21And R22Each independently is hydrogen or C1Alkyl to C10Alkyl, n2 is an integer from 2 to 500, two or more R21Equal to or different from each other and two or more than two R22The same or different from each other.
4. The composition for a solar cell electrode according to claim 1, wherein the linear silicone compound has a weight average molecular weight of 50,000 to 300,000 g/mole and the cyclic silicone compound has a weight average molecular weight of 200 to 2,000 g/mole.
5. The composition for a solar cell electrode according to claim 1, comprising:
60 to 95 wt% of the conductive powder;
0.1 to 20 wt% of the glass frit;
1 to 30 wt% of the organic vehicle; and
0.1 to 5 wt% of the silicone compound.
6. A solar cell electrode formed from the composition for a solar cell electrode as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.
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| KR10-2018-0167820 | 2018-12-21 | ||
| KR1020180167820A KR20200078172A (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2018-12-21 | Composition for forming solar cell electrode and solar cell electrode prepared using the same |
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| CN111354502A (en) | 2020-06-30 |
| KR20200078172A (en) | 2020-07-01 |
| TW202024101A (en) | 2020-07-01 |
| TWI721620B (en) | 2021-03-11 |
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