CN111352101A - Space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel forming method for phased array airborne radar - Google Patents
Space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel forming method for phased array airborne radar Download PDFInfo
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- CN111352101A CN111352101A CN201811630949.4A CN201811630949A CN111352101A CN 111352101 A CN111352101 A CN 111352101A CN 201811630949 A CN201811630949 A CN 201811630949A CN 111352101 A CN111352101 A CN 111352101A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/04—Systems determining presence of a target
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/66—Radar-tracking systems; Analogous systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
- G01S7/414—Discriminating targets with respect to background clutter
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S2013/0236—Special technical features
- G01S2013/0245—Radar with phased array antenna
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for forming a space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel for a phased array airborne radar. The invention firstly utilizes the digital channel parameters of the phased array antenna to construct the space-domain guide vector, then obtains the frequency-domain guide vector through the parameter calculation of the coherent pulse train, further obtains the space-time two-dimensional guide vector of the whole array of the phased array, and then utilizes the space-time two-dimensional guide vector to form the adjacent space-time two-dimensional wave beam with specific direction, and finally utilizes the four space-time adjacent wave beams to construct the space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel, thereby effectively inhibiting the main clutter after tracking and compensation and realizing the detection of the low-speed moving target. The method can be used for a phased array airborne radar signal processing system, is simple to implement and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel forming method for a phased array airborne radar in the field of signal processing, which is suitable for a signal processing system of the phased array airborne radar, and can also be used for a signal processing system of an airborne early warning radar, a signal processing system of an sky wave over-the-horizon radar, a signal processing system of an airborne battlefield reconnaissance radar, a signal processing system of an airborne fire control radar and the like.
Background
The phased array airborne radar is an important direction for the development of the current airborne radar, and the main reason is that the phased array airborne radar can not only realize all-round digital scanning, but also play the advantages of multiple beams, form simultaneous digital multiple beams and realize the multiple functions of the radar.
For a general phased array airborne radar, an effective method is to adopt an ultra-low side lobe antenna for clutter suppression of a side lobe area, but it must be recognized that reduction of the side lobe of the antenna is at the expense of increase of manufacturing cost and widening of a main lobe, but the method is not favorable for suppression of main lobe clutter. Therefore, in the practical application process, the suppression of the side lobe clutter and the main lobe clutter by adopting a space-time two-dimensional adaptive processing method is generally considered, and then the high-speed moving target and the slow-speed moving target are detected. However, space-time adaptive two-dimensional processing usually has certain requirements on the number of channels, the uniformity of clutter, and the number of learning samples, and if conditions are met, the performance is good, otherwise, the performance is poor.
However, for clutter suppression of the main lobe region, a relatively feasible method is to adopt a signal processing mode with lower cost under the condition that space-time adaptive processing does not meet the condition. Most of existing phased array airborne radars have a sum-difference channel of an airspace, wherein the difference channel is formed by physical means, an antenna is generally divided into two parts to form sub-beams respectively, then the two sub-beams are summed to form a sum channel, and the sub-beams are subtracted to form the difference channel. The differential channel thus formed has three distinct disadvantages: one is that the beamwidth of the poor channel is too wide. Because the formed airspace difference channel only utilizes half of the array aperture, the formed difference channel has wide beam, and the main clutter area is overlarge, which is not beneficial to slow target detection; the second is that the zero region of the difference channel falls insufficiently steep. The main clutter is usually at the zero frequency after tracking compensation, so that the filter notch in the zero area is more quickly reduced, and the detection of a slow-speed moving target is more facilitated; and thirdly, the difference channel is one-dimensional in a space domain, which is not beneficial to the suppression of the main clutter with space-time two-dimensional characteristics. Therefore, under the condition that the self-adaptive condition is not met, the high-efficiency space-time two-dimensional difference channel is designed, the degree of freedom of the clutter can be greatly reduced, and the detection of the moving target is facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. The invention forms the space-time two-dimensional difference channel by the digital beam forming technology, thereby inhibiting the main clutter after tracking and compensation and further realizing the detection of the slow moving target. Firstly, digital channel parameters of a phased array antenna are utilized to construct a space-domain guide vector, then a frequency-domain guide vector is obtained through parameter calculation of a coherent pulse train, further a space-time two-dimensional guide vector of the whole phased array is obtained, then the space-time two-dimensional guide vector is utilized to form adjacent space-time two-dimensional wave beams with specific directions, and then the wave beams are utilized to construct a space-time two-dimensional difference channel. Because the space domain steering vector utilizes all array elements of a space domain, a space domain directional diagram is narrower than the beam width formed by the left and right halves of the antenna, so that the final generated difference channel beam width is narrower, and the filter characteristic near a zero point is steeper. The guide vector of the frequency domain utilizes all the coherent pulse trains, so a narrower frequency domain filter is formed, four space-time two-dimensional narrow beams adjacent to the space domain and the frequency domain can be obtained, and a narrow space-time two-dimensional difference channel which quickly drops at a zero point can be obtained by utilizing the four space-time two-dimensional beams, so that the main clutter after tracking and compensation can be effectively inhibited, and the detection of the slow-moving target is realized. The invention has the advantages of wide application in phased array radar, small computation amount, convenient realization and popularization, and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for forming a space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel of a phased array airborne radar, which comprises the following technical steps:
(1) forming digital space-domain steering vectors using signal processors inherent to phased array radar
Wherein, as(theta) is M × 1-dimensional space domain guide vector, M is array element number, and u-sin theta has the value range of [ -1, 1]And θ is the desired beam pointing.
(2) Forming digital frequency domain steering vectors using signal processors inherent to phased array radar
Wherein, at(f) Is a K × 1-dimensional frequency domain steering vector, K is an array element number, f is an expected normalized frequency direction, and the value range of the vector is [ -1, 1]. Wherein the normalized formula is
f＝2fd/fr
Wherein f isrIs the pulse repetition frequency, fdλ/2v is the doppler frequency of the target, λ is the wavelength, and v is the velocity of the target.
(3) Digital space-time two-dimensional steering vector formed by utilizing signal processor inherent to phased array radar
Wherein, the space-time two-dimensional guide vector ast(θi，fj) Has the dimension of MK × 1 thetaiFor desired beam pointing, fiIn order to be the desired normalized frequency direction,
is the Kronecher product operation in mathematics.
(4) Forming weighted space-time two-dimensional beams using signal processors inherent to digital array radar
Wherein, MK × 1 space-time two-dimensional amplitude weighted vector
WsIs an M × 1-dimensional spatial amplitude weighted vector, WtFor the K × 1-dimensional frequency domain amplitude weighting vector, the following four adjacent beams are formed
Where | represents the absolute value of the beam taken.
(5) Forming a digital space-time two-dimensional difference channel by using the obtained digital space-time two-dimensional wave beam
H(θ，f)＝|F1-F2|+|F3-F4|
2. The method for forming a space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel of a phased array airborne radar according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the space-domain amplitude weighting and the frequency-domain amplitude weighting adopt one of weighting vectors such as a rectangular weight, a Chebyshev weight, a Hamming weight, a Hanning weight and a Taylor weight.
3. The method for forming the space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel of the phased array airborne radar according to claim 1, wherein the digital space-time two-dimensional difference channel formed in the step (5) can also be generated in the following manner
H(θ，f)＝|F1-F2|
Or
H(θ，f)＝|F3-F4|
4. The method for forming a space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel of a phased array airborne radar according to claim 1, wherein the digital space-time two-dimensional difference channel formed in the step (5) can also remove the frequency f in the formula to obtain a space-domain digital difference channel
Wherein F (theta) ═ Ws Has(θ)。
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) because the formed space domain guide vector utilizes the information of the whole array and the frequency domain guide vector utilizes the information of all coherent pulse trains, the obtained space domain directional diagram and the frequency domain filter are the narrowest, thereby ensuring that the coverage range of the main clutter direction is also the narrowest, and being more beneficial to the detection of the moving target at the edge of the main clutter.
(2) The four adjacent space-time two-dimensional beams formed by the space-time two-dimensional steering vectors are all the narrowest, and the specific direction and frequency of the formed space-time two-dimensional difference channel are ensured to have a steep falling edge, so that the main clutter can be effectively inhibited, and the detection of the slow-moving target close to the main clutter area is ensured.
(3) The invention adopts a space-time two-dimensional difference channel to suppress the main clutter, and the performance of filtering the clutter is more stable because the difference channel is only related to the array element number and the pulse number and is not formed in a self-adaptive manner. If the phased array radar of the moving platform is adopted, the filtering of the difference channel can be carried out, and then the cascade connection and the self-adaptive processing of the difference channel can be carried out, so that the stability of sample learning can be better increased, and the performance of the self-adaptive processing can be improved. For the phased array radar with static ground, the main clutter can be better suppressed by matching with a clutter map.
(4) The method can be used for reforming the signal processing system of the existing phased array airborne radar, does not need to additionally increase processing channels and equipment, and only needs to calculate the digital channel of the digital radar to form a space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel. Therefore, the structure of the radar receiving system does not need to be changed, and the method has popularization and application values.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention is comprised of forming a digital space-domain steering vector 1, forming a digital frequency-domain steering vector 2, forming a space-time two-dimensional steering vector 3, forming a digital space-time two-dimensional beam 4, and forming a digital difference channel 5. In the embodiment, the radar signal processor forms a digital space-time domain guide vector 1 by using the parameters of the whole array, then forms a digital frequency domain guide vector 2 by using the parameters of a coherent pulse train, then respectively sends the space-time domain guide vector and the frequency domain guide vector into a space-time two-dimensional guide vector 3, then forms a digital space-time two-dimensional beam 4 by using the space-time and time domain parameters to obtain four adjacent space-time two-dimensional beams, sends the four adjacent space-time two-dimensional beams into a digital difference forming channel 5, calculates to obtain a required space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel, and then outputs the space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel.
Detailed Description
The principle of implementing the invention is as follows: the method comprises the steps of firstly constructing a space domain guide vector by using a radar antenna array structure and parameters, constructing a frequency domain guide vector by using coherent pulse train parameters, then constructing a space-time two-dimensional guide vector by using the two guide vectors, obtaining four adjacent space-time two-dimensional beams by using the space-time two-dimensional guide vector, and finally forming a required digital difference channel by using the four space-time two-dimensional beams, thereby realizing the suppression of main clutter and the detection of a slow-speed moving target.
Assuming that the phased array radar has M array elements, K coherent pulses, M being 16 in the embodiment and K being 32 in the embodiment, the null point of the digital difference channel to be formed is at an angle 0 and a normalized frequency 0. The following detailed steps of the present invention are described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:
(1) the unit 1 for forming the digital space domain guide vector forms the digital space domain guide vector by using the array structure and the array element number
Wherein, as(theta) is an M × 1-dimensional space domain guide vector, and the value range of u-sin theta is [ -1, 1]And θ is the desired beam pointing.
In the examples, as(theta) is 16 × 1 dimensional space vector, and two space vector with different directions are needed, one is
The other is
To obtain two space domain guide vectors as(θ1) And as(θ2)。
After the calculation, the two space-domain steering vectors need to be fed into the unit 3.
(2) Forming digital frequency domain steering vector Unit 2 forms digital frequency domain steering vectors using coherent pulse trains
Wherein, at(f) Is a K × 1-dimensional frequency domain steering vector, K is an array element number, f is an expected normalized frequency direction, and the value range of the vector is [ -1, 1]. Wherein the normalized formula is
f＝2fd/fr
Wherein f isrIs the pulse repetition frequency, fdλ/2v is the doppler frequency of the target, λ is the wavelength, and v is the velocity of the target.
In the examples, at(f) For a 32 × 1D frequency domain steering vector, two differently oriented frequency domain steering vectors are also needed, one oriented for
The other is
Namely, two frequency domain guide vectors a are obtainedt(f1) And at(f2)。
After the calculation, the two frequency domain steering vectors need to be fed into the unit 3.
(3) The space-time two-dimensional steering vector forming unit 3 forms a space-time two-dimensional steering vector by using the two space-domain steering vectors and the two frequency-domain steering vectors obtained above
Wherein, the space-time two-dimensional guide vector ast(θi，fj) Has the dimension of MK × 1 thetaiFor desired beam pointing, fiIn order to be the desired normalized frequency direction,
is the Kronecher product operation in mathematics.
In the embodiment, the space-time two-dimensional steering vector astThe dimension of (theta, f) is 512 × 1, and four space-time two-dimensional guide vectors are formed together, wherein the four space-time two-dimensional guide vectors are respectively
After the calculation, the four space-time two-dimensional steering vectors need to be fed into the unit 4.
(4) Digital space-time two-dimensional beam forming unit 4 forms weighted space-time two-dimensional beams by using four space-time two-dimensional steering vectors sent by unit 3
Wherein, MK × 1 space-time two-dimensional amplitude weighted vector
WsIs an M × 1-dimensional spatial amplitude weighted vector, WtFor the K × 1-dimensional frequency domain amplitude weighting vector, the following four adjacent beams are formed
Where | represents the absolute value of the beam taken.
In the examples, WsAll 1 vectors, W, weighted for 16 × 1-dimensional rectanglestAll 1 vectors weighted for 32 × 1 dimensional rectangles, so WstFor a 512 × 1 dimensional full 1 vector, four adjacent space-time two-dimensional beams are formed
After the calculation, the four space-time two-dimensional beams need to be sent to the unit 5.
(5) The unit for forming digital difference channel 5 forms the four space-time two-dimensional wave beams sent by the unit 4 into a digital space-time two-dimensional difference channel
H(θ，f)＝|F1-F2|+|F3-F4|
In an embodiment, the difference channel response function is obtained as
In addition, in the step (4), the weighting vector such as the rectangular weight, the chebyshev weight, the hamming weight, the hanning weight, and the taylor weight can be used for the weighting of the empty domain amplitude and the frequency domain amplitude. In the embodiment, a rectangular weight is adopted for weighting.
The digital space-time two-dimensional difference channel formed in step (5) may also be performed in a simplified manner, for example, only the 1 st and 2 nd space-time two-dimensional beams are used for generation, in the embodiment, the digital space-time two-dimensional difference channel is generated
Or can be generated by using 3 rd and 4 th digital space-time two-dimensional beams, in the embodiment, the beams are
In the step (5), only a spatial digital difference channel may be formed, in the embodiment, the spatial digital difference channel is
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for forming a space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel of a phased array airborne radar comprises the following technical steps:
(1) forming digital space-domain steering vectors using signal processors inherent to phased array radar
Wherein, as(theta) is M × 1-dimensional space domain guide vector, M is array element number, and u-sin theta has the value range of [ -1, 1]θ is the desired beam pointing direction;
(2) forming digital frequency domain steering vectors using signal processors inherent to phased array radar
Wherein, at(f) Is a K × 1-dimensional frequency domain steering vector, K is an array element number, f is an expected normalized frequency direction, and the value range of the vector is [ -1, 1]Wherein the normalized formula is
f＝2fd/fr
Wherein f isrIs the pulse repetition frequency, fdλ/2v is the doppler frequency of the target, λ is the wavelength, and v is the velocity of the target;
(3) digital space-time two-dimensional steering vector formed by utilizing signal processor inherent to phased array radar
Wherein, the space-time two-dimensional guide vector ast(θi，fj) Has the dimension of MK × 1 thetatFor desired beam pointing, fiIn order to be the desired normalized frequency direction,
is the Kronecher product operation in mathematics;
(4) forming weighted space-time two-dimensional beams using signal processors inherent to digital array radar
F(θ，f)＝Wst Hast(θ，f)
Wherein, MK × 1 space-time two-dimensional amplitude weighted vector
WsIs an M × 1-dimensional spatial amplitude weighted vector, WtFor the K × 1-dimensional frequency domain amplitude weighting vector, four adjacent beams are formed
Wherein, | · | represents the absolute value of the beam;
(5) forming a digital space-time two-dimensional difference channel by using the obtained digital space-time two-dimensional wave beam
H(θ，f)＝|F1-F2|+|F3-F4|。
2. The method for forming a space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel of a phased array airborne radar according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the space-domain amplitude weighting and the frequency-domain amplitude weighting adopt one of weighting vectors such as a rectangular weight, a Chebyshev weight, a Hamming weight, a Hanning weight and a Taylor weight.
3. The method for forming the space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel of the phased array airborne radar according to claim 1, wherein the digital space-time two-dimensional difference channel formed in the step (5) can also be generated in the following manner
H(θ，f)＝|F1-F2|
Or
H(θ，f)＝|F3-F4|。
4. The method for forming a space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel of a phased array airborne radar according to claim 1, wherein the digital space-time two-dimensional difference channel formed in the step (5) can also remove the frequency f in the formula to obtain a space-domain digital difference channel
Wherein F (theta) ═ Ws Has(θ)。
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Inventor after: Chen Hui Inventor after: Wang Yongliang Inventor after: Du Qinglei Inventor after: Liu Weijian Inventor before: Chen Hui Inventor before: Wang Yongliang Inventor before: Chen Yibing Inventor before: Du Qinglei Inventor before: Liu Weijian |
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