CN111348979A

CN111348979A - Combustion agent and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111348979A
Application number: CN201811559803.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈厚和; 张磊; 徐铭; 谢强; 李实�; 刘震宇; 王泽清; 刘威
Original assignee: Nanjing University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Nanjing University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2018-12-20
Filing date: 2018-12-20
Publication date: 2020-06-30

Abstract

The invention discloses a combustion agent and a preparation method thereof. The combustion agent comprises, by weight, 25-30 parts of aluminum powder or aluminum-nickel alloy, 40-50 parts of ferroferric oxide or ferric oxide and 20-35 parts of barium nitrate, and is prepared by a series of steps of drying and mixing the components, preparing a grain and the like. The combustion agent has good thermal stability, low mechanical sensitivity, good overall safety, high ignition reliability, stable combustion process and moderate combustion speed, generates more high-temperature scorching slag during combustion, reduces the energy loss to the periphery, improves the energy utilization efficiency of the combustion agent, can be used as the combustion agent, has the combustion temperature of more than 2500 ℃, and can be applied to the welding, the fusion and the cutting of steel and metal materials under special environments.

Description

Combustion agent and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a combustion agent and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of energetic materials.

Background

The combustion agent is a combustion agent capable of generating thermite reaction and is prepared by mixing metal powder and reactive metal oxide. The iron-aluminum thermite is a combustion agent with the highest combustion temperature and combustion heat at present, and the oxidant of the thermite is usually ferroferric oxide and ferric oxide, so that the aims of increasing slag and improving the damage efficiency are fulfilled. The iron-aluminum thermite has excellent combustion performance and is widely accepted in military and civil use.

The combustion temperature of the combustion agent is low, the flame intensity is low, the cooling is quick, and the application of the combustion agent is not facilitated. For example, Chinese patent 201710692067.X discloses a high-energy combustion agent and a preparation method thereof, wherein the combustion agent comprises 70-80% of a high-energy component, 9-14% of a low-melting-point wetting agent, 3-5% of a pore-forming agent and 6-12% of an auxiliary agent, and is prepared by a series of steps of drying and mixing the components, preparing a grain and the like, and the highest combustion temperature of the combustion agent is 2004 ℃. Chinese patent 201510557951 discloses a multi-slag pilot fire agent, which is composed of 25-35% of magnesium-polytetrafluoroethylene agent and 65-75% of mixed metal powder agent, and the highest combustion temperature is 1593.7 ℃. The combustion temperature of the combustion agent taking the thermite as the main energy source is not high enough, which is not beneficial to the application of the combustion agent.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a combustion agent with high combustion temperature and a preparation method thereof.

The technical solution of the invention is as follows:

the combustion agent comprises, by weight, 25-30 parts of Al powder or an aluminum-nickel alloy, 40-50 parts of ferroferric oxide or ferric oxide and 20-35 parts of barium nitrate.

Preferably, the combustion agent comprises 30 parts of Al powder or aluminum-nickel alloy, 45 parts of ferroferric oxide or ferric oxide and 25 parts of barium nitrate in parts by weight.

Preferably, in the aluminum-nickel alloy, the mass fraction of aluminum is 80%, and the mass fraction of nickel is 20%.

The preparation method of the combustion agent comprises the following specific steps:

mixing barium nitrate and ferroferric oxide or ferric oxide according to a proportion, finally, uniformly mixing the mixture with aluminum powder or the mixture of the aluminum powder and the nickel powder, and pressing the mixture into a grain.

The pressure intensity during pressing is 20 MPa.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

the flame temperature of the combustion agent is high and can reach more than 2500 ℃, the steel plate can be quickly melted through, and the combustion agent is suitable for welding, melting through and cutting of steel and metal materials in special environments.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of the combustion perforation test of the combustion agent of example 1.

FIG. 2 is a graph of combustion temperature of the combustion agent of example 1.

FIG. 3 is a graph of combustion temperature of the combustion agent of example 2.

FIG. 4 is a combustion temperature profile of the combustion agent of example 3.

FIG. 5 is a combustion temperature profile of the combustion agent of example 4.

FIG. 6 is a combustion temperature profile of the combustion agent of example 5.

FIG. 7 is a combustion temperature profile of the combustion agent of comparative example 1.

Fig. 8 is a combustion temperature profile of the combustion agent of comparative example 2.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.

The preparation method of the combustion agent in the following embodiment comprises the following specific steps:

(1) weighing: weighing raw materials of each component in parts by weight;

(2) and (3) drying: independently putting each medicament into a drying oven for drying, uniformly spreading the medicaments when drying, wherein the stacking thickness is not more than 25mm, the drying temperature is not more than 50 ℃, and if a vacuum drying oven is used for drying treatment, the one-time drying medicament amount is not more than 500 g;

(3) mixing: when the aluminum-nickel alloy is used as a raw material, firstly mixing aluminum powder and nickel powder, then mixing barium nitrate and ferroferric oxide or ferric oxide, and finally mixing the two mixtures uniformly; when aluminum powder is used as a raw material, barium nitrate is mixed with ferroferric oxide or ferric oxide, and then the mixture is uniformly mixed with the aluminum powder; mixing with a mixer or manually, wherein if mixing is performed by hand, the mixing time of each medicament is kept for more than 30 minutes to ensure the uniformity of the mixed medicament;

(4) preparing a grain: pressing the mixture into a grain under the pressure of 20 MPa.

Example 1

A combustion agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of aluminum-nickel alloy powder, 40 parts of ferroferric oxide and 35 parts of barium nitrate.

The combustion agent prepared in example 1 was ignited and burned in a combustion tower, and the combustion flame temperature was measured with an IGA-140 non-contact far infrared thermometer (IMPAC, Germany) and the combustion process was photographed with a Sony camera. The effect of the combustion perforation experiment is shown in figure 1. The combustion temperature profile of example 1 is shown in fig. 2. During the combustion process, the aluminothermic combustion agent can be observed to react violently, emit intense white light, have an obvious upwelling flame jet flow area, simultaneously spray a large amount of glowing slag from the upper part, have the same spray direction with the flame, are accompanied by sound and white smoke, and can melt the experiment A3 steel plate through in a short time.

As can be seen from fig. 1, the flame intensity of the combustion agent is high and can rapidly melt through the target. As can be seen from the test results in fig. 2, the combustion temperature of the embodiment of the present invention is relatively high, which can reach 2611 ℃. The combustion agent can effectively improve the combustion temperature, ensures that the energy as high as possible is transferred to a target object, reduces the energy loss, improves the energy utilization efficiency of the combustion agent, does not generate toxic gas and toxic substances, and is beneficial to environmental protection and human health.

Example 2

A combustion agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of aluminum-nickel alloy powder, 50 parts of ferroferric oxide and 25 parts of barium nitrate.

The combustion temperature profile of the combustion agent obtained in example 2 is shown in FIG. 3. From the test results in fig. 3, it can be seen that the combustion temperature of the combustion agent is relatively high, which can reach 2621 ℃.

Example 3

A combustion agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of aluminum-nickel alloy powder, 40 parts of ferroferric oxide and 30 parts of barium nitrate.

The combustion temperature profile of the combustion agent obtained in example 3 is shown in FIG. 4. As can be seen from the test results in the figure, the combustion temperature of the combustion agent is relatively high and can reach 2519.8 ℃.

Example 4

A combustion agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of aluminum-nickel alloy powder, 50 parts of ferroferric oxide and 20 parts of barium nitrate.

The combustion temperature profile of the combustion agent obtained in example 4 is shown in FIG. 5. As can be seen from the test results in the figure, the combustion temperature corresponding to the combustion agent is higher and can reach 2609 ℃.

Example 5

A combustion agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of aluminum powder, 50 parts of ferroferric oxide and 20 parts of barium nitrate.

The combustion temperature profile of the combustion agent obtained in example 5 is shown in FIG. 6. As can be seen from the test results in the figure, the combustion temperature of the combustion agent is relatively high and can reach 3116 ℃. Comparative example 1

A combustion agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of aluminum-nickel alloy powder, 50 parts of ferroferric oxide and 30 parts of barium nitrate.

The combustion temperature profile of the combustion agent obtained in comparative example 1 is shown in FIG. 7. As can be seen from the test results in the figure, the combustion temperature corresponding to the combustion agent is lower and can reach 1798 ℃.

Comparative example 2

A combustion agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of aluminum-nickel alloy powder, 50 parts of ferric oxide and 30 parts of barium nitrate.

The combustion temperature profile of the combustion agent obtained in comparative example 2 is shown in FIG. 8. As can be seen from the test results in the figure, the combustion temperature corresponding to the combustion agent is lower and can reach 1657.7 ℃.

Claims

1. The combustion agent is characterized by comprising, by weight, 25-30 parts of Al powder or an aluminum-nickel alloy, 40-50 parts of ferroferric oxide or ferric oxide and 20-35 parts of barium nitrate.

2. The combustion agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the combustion agent comprises 30 parts by weight of Al powder or aluminum-nickel alloy, 45 parts by weight of ferroferric oxide or ferric oxide and 25 parts by weight of barium nitrate.

3. The combustion agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aluminum-nickel alloy contains 80 mass% of aluminum and 20 mass% of nickel.

4. The process for preparing a combustion agent as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising the following steps:

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the pressure at the time of pressing is 20 MPa.