CN104561882A - High-temperature oxidation resistant coating on niobium alloy surface and preparation method of high-temperature oxidation resistant coating - Google Patents

High-temperature oxidation resistant coating on niobium alloy surface and preparation method of high-temperature oxidation resistant coating Download PDF

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CN104561882A
CN104561882A CN201510049985.1A CN201510049985A CN104561882A CN 104561882 A CN104561882 A CN 104561882A CN 201510049985 A CN201510049985 A CN 201510049985A CN 104561882 A CN104561882 A CN 104561882A
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coating
temperature oxidation
oxidation resistant
powder
resistant coating
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CN104561882B (en
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吕艳红
王全胜
吴子健
侯东辉
唐建新
王玮
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New Metallurgy Hi Tech Group Co Ltd
China Iron and Steel Research Institute Group
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New Metallurgy Hi Tech Group Co Ltd
China Iron and Steel Research Institute Group
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of thermal spraying, and relates to a high-temperature oxidation resistant coating on a niobium alloy surface and a preparation method of the high-temperature oxidation resistant coating. The coating is in a dual-layer structure with a bottom coating Mo1-xWx(Si1-y-zAlyBz)2 and a surface coating Mo1-xWx(Si1-y-zAlyBz)2-(10-20)%wt HfSi2, and prepared on a niobium alloy matrix surface by a high-energy plasma spraying process, wherein a bottom coating powder material Mo1-xWx(Si1-y-zAlyBz)2 is prepared by a self-propagating process, and the spherical particles meeting the requirements of the spraying process are obtained by applying a plasma spheroidizing process; surface coating powder materials Mo1-xWx(Si1-y-zAlyBz)2 and HfSi2 are mixed evenly in a mechanical mixing manner. The coating has excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance at 1500-1800 DEG C, and can be applied to high-temperature protection of niobium alloy parts.

Description

A kind of High Temperature Oxidation Resistant Coating on Nb and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of thermal spray, relate to a kind of High Temperature Oxidation Resistant Coating on Nb, the high-temperature oxidation resistant being particularly applicable to the key part niobium alloy substrate surfaces such as rocket engine, guided missile, nuclear reactor aircraft wings and rudder protects.
Background technology
Niobium alloy has the advantages such as excellent mechanical behavior under high temperature, high-melting-point, solid solution ability be strong, can be used for preparing the key parts such as rocket engine, guided missile, nuclear reactor, aircraft wings and rudder.But the antioxidant property of niobium alloy is poor, namely there is oxidative phenomena at 600 DEG C in pure metal niobium, had a strong impact on its application under high temperature aerobic environment.Therefore, the high-temperature oxidation resistance of niobium alloy must be improved, to expand its application space.The main path improving niobium alloy oxidation-resistance property has alloying and top coat protection.Alloying refers to adds the elements such as Si, Cr, Al, Ti, V in niobium and alloy thereof, makes its Surface Creation oxide film when high temperature is applied, thus improves its oxidation-resistance.Though adding of alloy can improve antioxidant property, also can cause the decline of material at high temperature mechanical property simultaneously, have the limitation of himself.Top coat not only can protect matrix not by high temperature corrosion, also can the mechanical behavior under high temperature of farthest reserved materials, is to take into account mechanical behavior under high temperature and the effective approach of antioxidant property.
Niobium alloy high temperature coatings system is divided into refractory alloy coating, noble coatings, aluminide coating and silicide coating.Silicide coating is the coating be most widely used at present, comprises Nb (Ti)-Si coating system, Si-Cr-Ti (Fe) coating system and Mo-Si coating system.Nb (Ti)-Si coating system can be used for the oxidation protection of less than 1300 DEG C niobium alloy component surfaces.The exploitation of Si-Cr-Ti (Fe) coating system comparatively early, be successfully applied to the airship of multiple model and the surfacecti proteon of rocket engine niobium alloy component, but its use temperature is also no more than 1400 DEG C.Along with the application of novel double elements track attitude control engine, niobium alloy parts need life-time service under hyperthermal environments, intermetallic compound MoSi 2coating at high temperature can be oxidized and generate volatile MoO 3with the SiO with self-healing capability 2protective membrane, effectively stoping oxygen to the diffusion of base material direction, is the most promising coated material in silicide coating.But MoSi 2very crisp under room temperature, under low temperature, (300 ~ 700 DEG C) have oxidative phenomena, and high temperature (more than 1250 DEG C) intensity is low.The niobium alloy high temperature coatings obtained in above-mentioned prior art is single-layer coating, and cannot be used for temperature higher than the aerobic environment of 1400 DEG C, therefore needs MoSi 2carry out modification to meet its service requirements under high temperature aerobic environment.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of High Temperature Oxidation Resistant Coating on Nb, Mo-Si system coating is improved, oxidation-resistance and the high-temperature stability of coating can be improved, to meet its service requirements under high temperature aerobic environment.
Another object of the present invention is the preparation method obtaining above-mentioned High Temperature Oxidation Resistant Coating on Nb, and adopt high energy plasma spraying coating process at niobium alloy surface direct operation, technique is simple, convenient operation and realization.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of High Temperature Oxidation Resistant Coating on Nb niobium alloy matrix 1 is undercoat 2 and the finishing coat 3 of following composition: undercoat 2 is Mo 1-xw x(Si 1-y-zal yb z) 2, finishing coat 3 is HfSi 210-20wt%, all the other are Mo 1-xw x(Si 1-y-zal yb z) 2; In formula, x, y and z represent the mole number of corresponding element respectively, and 0 < x≤0.5,0.1≤y < 0.5,0 < z≤0.4,0.1 < y+z≤0.5.
In formula, the mole number of x, y and z can be: 0.1≤x≤0.5,0.1≤y≤0.4,0.1≤z≤0.4,0.2≤y+z≤0.5.
The total thickness of this coating is 0.2 ~ 0.3mm, and undercoat accounts for 40 ~ 60% of total thickness.
This coating is under hot operation state, and B element can form borosilicate protective layer, the HfSi in finishing coat 2hfO can be generated under high temperature oxidation 2with the SiO with self-healing capability 2.
Undercoat 2 wherein and finishing coat 3 adopt high energy plasma spraying coating process to prepare, Mo wherein 1-xw x(Si 1-y-zal yb z) 2dusty spray material adopts the preparation of self-propagating technique.
A preparation method for High Temperature Oxidation Resistant Coating on Nb, the method adopts high energy plasma spraying coating process, comprises the steps:
(1) raw material Mo, W, Si, Al and B powder is pressed chemical formula Mo 1-xw x(Si 1-y-zal yb z) 2in molar ratio ingredient, wherein 0 < x≤0.5,0.1≤y < 0.5,0 < z≤0.4,0.1 < y+z≤0.5; Then use high energy ball mill ball milling, powdered material is mixed;
(2) above-mentioned mixing powdered material oven drying at low temperature pressed compact is shaped;
(3) shaping block material is put into self-propagating reaction stove to carry out Self-propagating Sintering Synthetic and be obtained by reacting Mo 1-xw x(Si 1-y-zal yb z) 2product;
(4) with jaw crusher by the material fragmentation powdered after abundant self-propagating reaction;
(5) sieve the mixed powder choosing granularity 40 ~ 80 μm and carry out induction plasma spheroidizing, obtain spherical powder particle, sieve the powder got within the scope of particle diameter 40 ~ 80 μm, obtain high-temperature oxidation resistant coating primer;
(6) by the HfSi of the powder after plasma spheroidization and 10% ~ 20wt% 2powder adopts the mode of mechanically mixing to mix, and obtains high-temperature oxidation resistant coating surface material;
(7) purifying treatment and sandblasting roughening treatment are carried out in spraying body material niobium alloy surface;
(8) high energy plasma spraying coating process is adopted to prepare bottom and surface layer on niobium alloy surface.
Described step (1) Raw powder is purity>=99.9%, and the powder that granularity is 1 ~ 3 μm puts into alcohol and ZrO in Process During High Energy Ball Milling 2abrading-ball, ball material mass ratio is 3:1, high energy ball mill Ball-milling Time 14 ~ 18 hours.
The compacted density > 40% of described step (2).
In described step (3), the two sections of electric wires connecting ignition switch are placed in one end of compressing powder, connect with tungsten filament between electric wire, with Ti-Si powder for detonator, mass ratio is Ti:Si=3:1; Before reaction, vacuum tightness-0.1MPa in self-propagating stove, is filled with argon shield, to Ar Pressure force value 0.6MPa, then presses ignition switch, light tungsten filament, starts reaction.
In described step (7), sandblasting roughening treatment is to niobium alloy surfaceness 6 ~ 12 μm.
Compared with niobium alloy surface oxidation-resistant coating of the prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1) inside Mo-Si system coating, add W, the elements such as Al, B, improve the intensity under coating high-temp and toughness, improve oxidation-resistance and the high-temperature stability of coating.
2) adopt bilayer structure, reduce not mating of heat physical properties between coating with body material, refinement coating structure, is conducive to the thermal cycle life improving coating.
3) adopt Self-propagating Sintering Synthetic reaction to prepare composite powder, and apply the spherical powder that induction plasma spheriodizing technique obtains adapting to spraying coating process demand, application high energy plasma spraying coating process prepares coating, and technique is simple, convenient operation and realization.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is coating structure schematic diagram
Reference numeral is wherein: 1 niobium alloy, 2 undercoats, 3 finishing coats
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described.
Key problem in technology of the present invention is, 1) composition of Mo-Si system coating is improved, and add the elements such as W, Al, B; 2) structure of this coating and preparation method are improved.
In composition improvement
Coating of the present invention comprises double-layer structure: bottom is Mo 1-xw x(Si 1-y-zal yb z) 2coating, surface layer is Mo 1-xw x(Si 1-y-zal yb z) 2-(10-20) %wtHfSi 2coating, (wherein 0 < x≤0.5,0.1≤y < 0.5,0 < z≤0.4,0.1 < y+z≤0.5).
Add W in primer coat material and can improve MoSi 2the intensity of coating, strengthens coating stability at high temperature; Add Al and can improve MoSi 2the toughness of coating and high-temperature oxidation resistance, adding B can at high temperature form borosilicate protective layer, improves the antioxidant property of coating.HfSi is added in surface layer 2coating can be made under high temperature oxidation to generate HfO 2with the SiO with self-healing capability 2, HfO 2can refinement coating structure, improve toughness.Described coating all adopts high energy plasma spraying coating process directly to prepare on niobium alloy surface.
In the preparation of coating
High Temperature Oxidation Resistant Coating on Nb of the present invention, prepares the Mo of bottom respectively 1-xw x(Si 1-y-zal yb z) 2coating, and the Mo of surface layer 1-xw x(Si 1-y-zal yb z) 2-(10-20) %wtHfSi 2coating, wherein:
1) bottom Mo 1-xw x(Si 1-y-zal yb z) 2coating, adopts the preparation of high energy plasma spraying coating process.Required Mo 1-xw x(Si 1-y-zal yb z) 2dusty spray material adopts the preparation of self-propagating technique.Self-propagating technique prepares Mo 1-xw x(Si 1-y-zal yb z) 2coated powder MATERIALS METHODS is as follows: by Mo powder (Mo content 99.99%, powder size 1 ~ 3 μm), W powder (W content 99.99%, powder size 1 ~ 3 μm), Si powder (Si content 99.99%, powder size 1 ~ 3 μm), Al powder (Al content 99.9%, powder size 1 ~ 3 μm), B powder (B content 99.9%, powder size 1 ~ 3 μm) is by Mo 1-xw x(Si 1-y-zal yb z) 2molar ratio (wherein 0 < x≤0.5 of each element in chemical formula, 0.1≤y < 0.5, 0 < z≤0.4, 0.1 < y+z≤0.5), the block of density > 40% is pressed into after adopting high-energy ball milling fully to mix, then be placed in self-propagating reaction device and carry out self-propagating reaction, after question response fully completes, material fragmentation is become the powder of granularity 40 ~ 80 μm, finally spheroidizing of powder is the spherical or subsphaeroidal particle of good fluidity by employing induction plasma spheriodizing technique, sieve gets the powder of particle diameter within the scope of 40 ~ 80 μm, to adapt to the demand of spraying coating process.
The principle of induction plasma spheriodizing technique: powder sends into the high-temperature area of plasma body under the effect of carrier gas, be heated to molten state, melted powder enters in reaction chamber, the drop that sphericity is very high is formed under capillary effect, quick solidification within the extremely short time, thus obtain spherical powder particle.Processing parameter is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 induction plasma spheriodizing technique parameter
High energy plasma spray-on coating processing parameter is as shown in table 2:
Table 2 high energy plasma spraying parameter
2) surface layer is Mo 1-xw x(Si 1-y-zal yb z) 2-(10 ~ 20) %wtHfSi 2coating, adopts the preparation of high energy plasma spraying coating process.Wherein, required Mo 1-xw x(Si 1-y-zal yb z) 2dusty spray material adopts the preparation of self-propagating technique, powder diameter 40 ~ 80 μm; HfSi 2powder diameter 40 ~ 80 μm; Two kinds of powder are prepared in mass ratio rear employing mechanically mixing mode and make it uniform composition, then spray.
3) at bottom Mo 1-xw x(Si 1-y-zal yb z) 2+ surface layer Mo 1-xw x(Si 1-y-zal yb z) 2-(10 ~ 20) %wtHfSi 2in bilayer structure, total coating thickness is 0.2 ~ 0.3mm, and bottom and surface layer thickness separately can require to adjust according to the applying working condition of niobium alloy.
Embodiment
The present invention gives embodiment 1-5, the chemical constitution of each embodiment is as shown in table 3, adopts following technique to prepare:
1, powder preparation
Mo 1-xw x(Si 1-y-zal yb z) 2the chemical constitution of powdered material is as shown in table 3.
Table 3 Mo 1-xw x(Si 1-y-zal yb z) 2the chemical constitution of powdered material and corresponding molar percentage
By Mo powder, W powder, Si powder, Al powder, B powder is configured respectively by the molar content shown in table 1, puts into suitable alcohols and ZrO 2abrading-ball, ball material mass ratio is 3:1, puts into ball grinder, adopts high energy ball mill ball milling 16 hours, powder is fully mixed.After abrading-ball takes out, powdered material oven drying at low temperature pressed compact is shaped, guarantees compacted density > 40%, be then placed in self-propagating reaction device and carry out self-propagating reaction.Self-propagating reaction lights reactant base substrate by external heat source (high temperature pulse of moment) local, combustion wave is propagated with the form spread subsequently, and material is released a large amount of reaction heat and made reaction continue to carry out thus generate the method for powder in building-up process.Concrete steps are as follows: the one end two sections of electric wires connecting ignition switch being placed in compressing powder, connects with tungsten filament between electric wire, with Ti-Si powder for detonator, and mass ratio 3:1.Before reaction, in self-propagating stove, vacuum tightness-0.1MPa, is filled with argon shield, to Ar Pressure force value 0.6MPa.Press ignition switch, light tungsten filament, as Ar Pressure in stove raises, illustrate that reactant successfully ignites, start reaction.Reaction ignition reaction thing base substrate, combustion wave is propagated with the form spread subsequently, and a large amount of reaction heat released by material in building-up process makes reaction continue to carry out, until generate powder.
Reaction equation is as follows:
(1-x)Mo+xW+2(1-y-z)Si+2yAl+2zB＝Mo 1-xW x(Si 1-y-zAl yB z) 2
After question response fully completes, by material fragmentation, the mixed powder of granularity 40 ~ 80 μm is chosen in screening, and spheroidizing of powder is the spherical or subsphaeroidal particle of good fluidity by application induction plasma spheriodizing technique, sieve the powder got within the scope of particle diameter 40 ~ 80 μm, packed for standby use.
By the powder of the above-mentioned 5 kinds of chemical constitutions after plasma spheroidization respectively and HfSi 2powder mixes according to mass ratio 9:1, adopts the mode of mechanically mixing to mix powder, time 2 h, by stand-by for mixed powder packaging.
2, coating preparation
Niobium 521 alloy selected by spraying body material.Before spraying, purifying treatment is carried out in niobium alloy surface first, removes surface smut with acetone.And sandblasting roughening treatment is carried out in rear surface, sandblasting can meet spraying requirement to surfaceness 6 ~ 12 μm.Adopt high energy plasma spraying coating process at niobium alloy surface preparation Mo afterwards 1-xw x(Si 1-y-zal yb z) 2bottom+Mo 1-xw x(Si 1-y-zal yb z) 2-HfSi 2surface layer, bottom and surface layer coat-thickness are 0.1mm.For guaranteeing that coating sample does not peel off because of the oxidation of body material in early days in oxidation test process, all exposed surfaces of niobium alloy matrix all need the coating spraying said structure.
3, coating antioxidant property and cold-hot impact property
Test above-mentioned five kinds of coatings in the static state anti-oxidant life-span of 1500 ~ 1800 DEG C and the cold-and-heat resistent impact property of 1700 DEG C ~ 1800 DEG C.
Static anti-oxidant life test: be coated with and be placed in process furnace, is incubated at assigned temperature under guarantee stove internal oxidition atmospheric condition, until disbonding lost efficacy, and off-test.
Cold-and-heat resistent impact property is tested: wash away 10min in the oxydizing flame atmosphere of coating under assigned temperature, be cooled to room temperature, be called a cold cycling.Circulation like this is repeatedly until defective coatings off-test.
Coating antioxidant property and thermal shock performance as shown in table 4.
Table 4 coating antioxidant property and thermal shock performance

Claims (10)

1. a High Temperature Oxidation Resistant Coating on Nb, is characterized in that: the upper undercoat (2) for following composition of niobium alloy matrix (1) and finishing coat (3): undercoat (2) is Mo 1-xw x(Si 1-y-zal yb z) 2, finishing coat (3) is HfSi 210-20wt%, all the other are Mo 1-xw x(Si 1-y-zal yb z) 2; In formula, x, y and z represent the mole number of corresponding element respectively, and 0 < x≤0.5,0.1≤y < 0.5,0 < z≤0.4,0.1 < y+z≤0.5.
2. High Temperature Oxidation Resistant Coating on Nb as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: 0.1≤x≤0.5,0.1≤y≤0.4,0.1≤z≤0.4,0.2≤y+z≤0.5.
3. High Temperature Oxidation Resistant Coating on Nb as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the total thickness of this coating is 0.2 ~ 0.3mm, and undercoat accounts for 40 ~ 60% of total thickness.
4. High Temperature Oxidation Resistant Coating on Nb as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: this coating is under hot operation state, and B element can form borosilicate protective layer, the HfSi in finishing coat 2hfO can be generated under high temperature oxidation 2with the SiO with self-healing capability 2.
5. High Temperature Oxidation Resistant Coating on Nb as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: undercoat (2) wherein and finishing coat (3) adopt the preparation of high energy plasma spraying coating process, Mo wherein 1-xw x(Si 1-y-zal yb z) 2dusty spray material adopts the preparation of self-propagating technique.
6. a preparation method for High Temperature Oxidation Resistant Coating on Nb according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the method adopts high energy plasma spraying coating process, comprises the steps:
(1) raw material Mo, W, Si, Al and B powder is pressed chemical formula Mo 1-xw x(Si 1-y-zal yb z) 2in molar ratio ingredient, wherein 0 < x≤0.5,0.1≤y < 0.5,0 < z≤0.4,0.1 < y+z≤0.5; Then use high energy ball mill ball milling, powdered material is mixed;
(2) above-mentioned mixing powdered material oven drying at low temperature pressed compact is shaped;
(3) shaping block material is put into self-propagating reaction stove to carry out Self-propagating Sintering Synthetic and be obtained by reacting Mo 1-xw x(Si 1-y-zal yb z) 2product;
(4) with jaw crusher by the material fragmentation powdered after abundant self-propagating reaction;
(5) sieve the mixed powder choosing granularity 40 ~ 80 μm and carry out induction plasma spheroidizing, obtain spherical powder particle, sieve the powder got within the scope of particle diameter 40 ~ 80 μm, obtain high-temperature oxidation resistant coating primer;
(6) by the HfSi of the powder after plasma spheroidization and 10% ~ 20wt% 2powder adopts the mode of mechanically mixing to mix, and obtains high-temperature oxidation resistant coating surface material;
(7) purifying treatment and sandblasting roughening treatment are carried out in spraying body material niobium alloy surface;
(8) high energy plasma spraying coating process is adopted to prepare bottom and surface layer on niobium alloy surface.
7. the preparation method of a kind of High Temperature Oxidation Resistant Coating on Nb as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: described step (1) Raw powder is purity>=99.9%, the powder that granularity is 1 ~ 3 μm, puts into alcohol and ZrO in Process During High Energy Ball Milling 2abrading-ball, ball material mass ratio is 3:1, high energy ball mill Ball-milling Time 14 ~ 18 hours.
8. the preparation method of a kind of High Temperature Oxidation Resistant Coating on Nb as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: the compacted density > 40% of described step (2).
9. the preparation method of a kind of High Temperature Oxidation Resistant Coating on Nb as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: in described step (3), the two sections of electric wires connecting ignition switch are placed in one end of compressing powder, connect with tungsten filament between electric wire, with Ti-Si powder for detonator, mass ratio is Ti:Si=3:1; Before reaction, vacuum tightness-0.1MPa in self-propagating stove, is filled with argon shield, to Ar Pressure force value 0.6MPa, then presses ignition switch, light tungsten filament, starts reaction.
10. the preparation method of a kind of High Temperature Oxidation Resistant Coating on Nb as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: in described step (7), sandblasting roughening treatment is to niobium alloy surfaceness 6 ~ 12 μm.
CN201510049985.1A 2015-01-30 2015-01-30 High-temperature oxidation resistant coating on niobium alloy surface and preparation method of high-temperature oxidation resistant coating Expired - Fee Related CN104561882B (en)

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