CN111345360A - Tea water-removing equipment with controllable water content and water-removing method thereof - Google Patents
Tea water-removing equipment with controllable water content and water-removing method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111345360A CN111345360A CN202010312505.7A CN202010312505A CN111345360A CN 111345360 A CN111345360 A CN 111345360A CN 202010312505 A CN202010312505 A CN 202010312505A CN 111345360 A CN111345360 A CN 111345360A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- tea
- feeding
- heating
- water
- conveying device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/06—Treating tea before extraction; Preparations produced thereby
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/90—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation
Abstract
The invention discloses a water content controllable tea water-removing device and a water-removing method thereof. The moisture content of tea leaves after the fixation in the traditional process is not strictly monitored, so that the fluctuation is large, and certain influence is generated on the subsequent tea leaf forming. The invention relates to tea water-removing equipment with controllable water content, which comprises a feeding device, a tea heating and conveying device, a discharging mechanism and a water vapor removing device. The tea heating and conveying device comprises a tea heating and conveying device input port and a tea heating and conveying device output port, wherein the tea heating and conveying device input port and the tea heating and conveying device output port are respectively arranged on the feeding device and the discharging mechanism, and both the tea heating and conveying device input port and the tea heating and conveying device. The weight difference detected by the feeding device and the discharging mechanism is the water loss weight of the tea. The water vapor releasing device comprises a diffusion cover, a collection cover and a nitrogen source. The collecting cover is respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the heating box body in the tea heating and conveying device. According to the method, the heating time of the tea is adjusted based on PID automatic control according to the detected water content of the tea after enzyme deactivation, so that the water content of the tea after enzyme deactivation is stabilized within a preset range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tea processing, and particularly relates to tea water-removing equipment with controllable water content and a PID control method of the water content of tea.
Background
The fixation is an important process in the Chinese tea processing process. The enzyme deactivation is mainly to rapidly heat fresh leaves by heating, thereby destroying the activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase, preventing the enzymatic oxidation of polyphenol substances, evaporating partial water, softening the leaves and facilitating the rolling and shaping.
The change of the form in the tea processing process is mainly related to the change of the water content and the stress condition. Therefore, the moisture content of the tea in the de-enzyming stage directly influences the subsequent rolling and forming process of the tea. The water content is within the range of 34-62%, particularly 40-55%, the flexibility and plasticity are the best, the elasticity is the worst, and the optimal time for the blade to deform into strips is provided. The water content of the fresh tea leaves is about 75%, the water content of the tea leaves after de-enzyming is obviously reduced to about 60%, and therefore the control of the water content of the tea leaves in the de-enzyming process is very important. However, in the current tea production process, the technological parameters of fixation are established based on experience, such as the design of the input amount of fresh leaves, the setting of the heating temperature and the setting of the heating time. Therefore, the moisture content of the tea leaves after the fixation is not strictly monitored, so that the fluctuation is large, and certain influence is generated on the subsequent tea leaf forming.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect that the moisture content of tea leaves after water removing is not strictly monitored in the prior art, and provides tea leaf water removing equipment with controllable moisture content and a PID control method of the moisture content of the tea leaves.
The invention relates to tea water-removing equipment with controllable water content, which comprises a feeding device, a tea heating and conveying device, a discharging mechanism and a water vapor removing device. The feeding device and the discharging mechanism are respectively arranged at the input port and the output port of the tea heating and conveying device and can weigh. The weight difference detected by the feeding device and the discharging mechanism is the water loss weight of the tea. The water vapor extracting device comprises a diffusion cover, a collection cover and a nitrogen source. The diffusion cover and the collection cover are horn-shaped. The diffusion cover is arranged at the bottom of the heating box body in the tea heating and conveying device. The collecting cover is arranged at the top of the heating box body in the tea heating and conveying device. The gas circulation breach has all been seted up to the position of connecting diffusion cover, collecting the cover on the heating box in the tealeaves heating conveyor for the inner chamber of heating box and the inner chamber intercommunication of diffusion cover, collection cover. A water outlet is arranged at the end part of the bottom end of the diffusion cover; the bottom of the side surface of the diffusion cover is provided with an air inlet. The air inlet of the diffusion cover is higher than the water outlet. The top of the collecting cover is provided with an air outlet. The air inlet of the diffusion cover is connected with the nitrogen outlet of the nitrogen source.
Preferably, the feeding device adopts a weightless scale. The discharging mechanism comprises a belt scale and a discharging hopper. The output port of the weightlessness scale is arranged right above the feeding funnel which is used as the input port of the tea heating and conveying device; the belt weigher is arranged below the output port of the tea heating and conveying device; the inclined discharge hopper is arranged below the output end of the belt scale.
Preferably, the nitrogen source comprises a steam-water separator and a nitrogen generator. A nitrogen gas output port of the nitrogen making machine is connected with a gas inlet of the diffusion cover; the air outlets of the two collecting covers are connected with the air inlet of the steam-water separator. The gas outlet of the steam-water separator is connected with the raw material gas inlet of the nitrogen making machine through two of the three-way joint. And a third interface of the three-way joint is connected with the external environment.
Preferably, a ball valve is arranged at the water outlet of the diffusion cover.
Preferably, the tea heating and conveying device comprises a three-section type feeding screw, a feeding hopper, a feeding inhibition cylinder, a discharging inhibition cylinder, a double-screw driving assembly, a heating box body, a microwave source and a microwave feeding cylinder. The heating box body is fixed on the frame and made of metal materials, and a microwave resonant cavity is formed inside the heating box body. One or more microwave sources are mounted on the heating cabinet. The two ends of the heating box body are respectively provided with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet. The microwave charging barrel is made of non-metallic materials and is a double-screw machine barrel. The microwave feed cylinder is fixed in the heating box body, and both ends are respectively butted and fixed with the feed inlet and the discharge outlet of the heating box body. The side walls of the heating box body and the microwave feed cylinder are provided with a plurality of water vapor overflow holes. The microwave can not overflow from the vapor overflow hole on the heating box body. The feeding restraining cylinder and the discharging restraining cylinder are both made of metal materials and are double-screw machine barrels. The inner ends of the feeding restraining cylinder and the discharging restraining cylinder are respectively butted and fixed with the feeding hole and the discharging hole of the heating box body. The cross-sectional shapes of the inner cavities of the feeding restraining cylinder, the discharging restraining cylinder and the microwave feeding cylinder are the same. The top of the outer end of the feeding restraining cylinder is provided with a feeding port. The bottom of the feeding funnel is arranged on the feeding port of the feeding restraining cylinder. Two mutually parallel three-section feeding screw rods are supported on the frame and pass through corresponding cylindrical parts on the feeding restraining cylinder, the microwave feeding cylinder and the discharging restraining cylinder. The two three-section feeding screws are driven by the double-screw driving component in the same speed and direction. The three-section type feeding screw consists of a feeding metal screw section, a de-enzyming nonmetal screw section and a discharging metal screw section which are arranged adjacently in sequence. The non-metal screw section is located in the microwave feeding barrel. The feeding metal screw section is positioned in the feeding restraining cylinder. The discharging metal screw section is positioned in the discharging restraining cylinder. The major diameter of the three-section feeding screw is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the microwave charging barrel.
Preferably, the double-screw driving assembly comprises a feeding motor, a chain and two chain wheels. The feeding motor is fixed on the frame, and the output shaft is fixed with one end of one of the three-section feeding screw rods. The two chain wheels are respectively fixed with the same ends of the two three-section type feeding screw rods and are connected through chains.
Preferably, the microwave feeding cylinder consists of two double semi-cylinders which are spliced together.
The water-removing method of the water-content-controllable tea water-removing equipment comprises the following specific steps:
step one, setting a proportionality coefficient K of a PID controller by taking the rotating speed of a power element for conveying tea in a tea heating and conveying device as an output signal and taking a tea water content error as an input signalpIntegral coefficient KiAnd a differential coefficient KdAnd obtaining the PID controller for controlling the water content of the tea.
Secondly, filling tea into an input port of the feeding device by a worker; and the nitrogen source continuously conveys nitrogen into the heating box body of the tea heating and conveying device through the diffusion cover, and the nitrogen takes away water vapor released by enzyme deactivation in the heating box body. The feeding device sends the tea leaves into a feeding hopper of the tea leaf heating and conveying device; tea weight m of feeding device continuously detecting tea feeding into tea heating and conveying device per minute1(ii) a The tea heating and conveying device is used for deactivating enzymes of the tea and heating and conveying the teaThe tea leaves after being de-enzymed are output to a discharging mechanism. The discharging mechanism continuously detects the weight m of tea received per minute2。
Continuously calculating the water content of the tea after the fixation
Wherein η is the water content of the tea to be de-enzymed, and the error of the calculated water content e is U-Us. Inputting the water content e into the PID controller obtained in the step one, thereby continuously adjusting the rotating speed of a power element for conveying the tea in the tea heating and conveying device; and correspondingly adjusting the feeding speed of the feeding device.
Preferably, the setting process in the step one is as follows: respectively carrying out tea moisture content tests by a material conveying motor at different rotating speeds; error e (t) of moisture content of tea at time t in the test is U-U (t); wherein U is the target water content; u (t) is the moisture content of the tea at time t. In the test, the error change rate ec is (e (t)1)-e(t2))/(t1-t2) (ii) a Wherein, e (t)1)、e(t2) Are respectively t1Time t2An error in time; t is t1Time t2The time instants are two adjacent sampling time instants. (t)1-t2) Is t1Time to t2The duration of the moment. According to the errors e (t) of the water content of the tea at different moments and the comparative coefficient K of the error change rate ecpIntegral coefficient KiAnd a differential coefficient KdAnd (6) setting.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the weight of the fresh tea is detected by the weightlessness scale, the weight of the tea after the fixation is detected by the electronic belt scale, the difference between the two masses is the water loss weight of the tea, and the water content of the tea after the fixation can be calculated after the water content of the fresh tea is measured. On the basis, the heating time of the tea in the tea heating and conveying device is adjusted based on PID automatic control according to the detected water content of the tea subjected to de-enzyming, so that the water content of the tea subjected to de-enzyming is stabilized in a preset range, and the quality of the tea subjected to de-enzyming is improved.
2. The invention adopts a double-screw extrusion mode to convey tea leaves, the tea leaves move in the advancing direction and move up and down in the conveying process and can move in a cylinder body where the two screws are positioned in a crossed manner, the moving range of the tea leaves is effectively increased, and therefore, the tea leaves are uniformly dried in a microwave resonant cavity with incomplete and uniform microwaves.
3. In the existing tunnel type microwave equipment, in order to prevent microwave leakage, suppressors with large length and complicated internal structures are required to be installed at a feeding end and a discharging end. The principle of the suppressor is that the microwaves which are to be leaked are refracted back and forth in the internal structure of the suppressor, so that the microwaves are consumed by the suppressor and materials in the suppressor. The feeding end and the discharging end of the microwave suppressor are provided with the microwave suppressor consisting of the bimetallic screw and the corresponding metal sleeve, so that the refraction range of microwaves in the suppressor is wider, and the path is more complicated.
4. According to the invention, nitrogen is continuously introduced into the microwave resonant cavity, so that oxygen is isolated from tea leaves in the enzyme deactivating process, thereby avoiding non-enzymatic oxidation of tea leaf nutrients such as tea polyphenol, amino acid and vitamins, and simultaneously greatly reducing the generation of organic free radicals; the tea leaves retain the nutrient substances in the fresh leaves, and the finished tea products taking low free radicals as the inherent characteristics have longer shelf life and greatly reduced aging speed. In addition, the nitrogen gas moving from bottom to top brings the water vapor out of the microwave resonant cavity, so that dehumidifying equipment is omitted, and the production cost of the equipment is reduced.
5. The nitrogen enters the microwave resonant cavity through the horn-shaped diffusion cover, so that the nitrogen can act on the tea. The lowest position of the diffusion cover is provided with the ball valve, so that condensed water can be collected and conveniently discharged. In addition, when the microwave heating cavity is cleaned, the microwave heating cavity can be directly washed by high-pressure water, and sewage can be automatically collected to the diffusion cover and is discharged through the ball valve.
6. The air inlet of the diffusion cover is higher than the water outlet, so that the design has the advantages that certain condensed water can be gathered in the diffusion cover after the equipment is used for a certain time, the condensed water cannot be blown up when high-pressure nitrogen enters through the air inlet pipe, otherwise the blown condensed water can enter the heating box through the small hole in the lower wall of the microwave heating box, and therefore a large amount of water vapor generated by microwaves can be absorbed, and therefore microwave energy is wasted.
7. The invention adopts a nitrogen making machine to make nitrogen on site, nitrogen output by the nitrogen making machine enters a microwave resonant cavity through a diffusion cover, and a collecting cover collects steam and nitrogen in the heating process and transmits the steam and nitrogen to a steam-water separator. The steam-water separator separates steam from nitrogen, and then the separated nitrogen is conveyed into the nitrogen making machine. The nitrogen concentration in the air inlet of the nitrogen making machine is improved, so that the nitrogen making machine nitrogen production efficiency is improved, and the nitrogen making machine power consumption is reduced.
8. Compared with the method for purchasing bottled nitrogen, the method for continuously producing nitrogen by using the nitrogen producing machine obtains raw materials from air, and reduces the production cost. On the other hand, when the bottled nitrogen is adopted, the bottled nitrogen is inconvenient to replace after one bottle of nitrogen is used up. The invention does not need to interrupt production to ventilate equipment in the production process, thereby realizing continuous production and ensuring stable and reliable tea fixation effect.
9. According to the invention, the section size of the feeding hole is increased in a double-screw extrusion mode, and the condition that tea leaves cannot fall automatically due to the blockage of the feeding hole is avoided. In order to solve the problem of blockage in actual production, tea leaves are often manually tamped at a feeding port. Therefore, the double-screw extrusion mode is adopted, so that the process of manually tamping tea leaves is omitted, and the labor cost is reduced. In addition, the transmission efficiency of the double-screw feeding system is higher than that of a single screw, and the production efficiency of the equipment is effectively improved. Under the condition of achieving the same production efficiency, the water-removing equipment adopting the double-screw feeding system can reduce the occupied area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side schematic view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the tea heating and conveying device according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic sectional view of the tea heating and conveying device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a tea water-removing device with controllable water content comprises a feeding device, a tea heating and conveying device, a discharging mechanism, a water vapor removing device and a controller. The feeding device adopts a weightless scale 1. The discharging mechanism comprises a belt scale 2 and a discharging hopper 3. The output port of the weightlessness scale 1 is arranged right above the feeding hopper 10, and the feeding hopper 10 is arranged at the input port of the tea heating and conveying device. The belt weigher 2 is arranged below the output port of the tea heating and conveying device; the inclined discharging hopper 3 is arranged below the output end of the belt weigher 2 and used for pouring the dehydrated tea leaves into a subsequent collecting device (a collecting bag can be adopted). The weightlessness scale 1 continuously sends the tea into the tea heating and conveying device, records the weight of the tea sent into the tea heating and conveying device and transmits the weight to the controller; the tea heating and conveying device conveys the tea subjected to heating and dehydration to the belt weigher 2. The belt scale 2 records the weight of the tea leaves after heating and dehydration and transmits the weight to the controller. The weightlessness scale 1 controls the fresh tea leaves with the specified weight to be supplied into the microwave resonant cavity every minute, the electronic belt scale 2 measures the tea leaves with the specified weight to be enzyme-deactivated every minute, the mass difference between the fresh tea leaves and the electronic belt scale is the water loss weight of the tea leaves every minute, and the water content of the tea leaves after automatic enzyme deactivation can be calculated after the water content of the fresh tea leaves is measured.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the water vapor stripping device comprises a diffusion cover 4, a ball valve 5, a collecting cover 6, a steam-water separator 7 and a nitrogen generator 8. The diffusion cover 4 and the collection cover 6 are each horn-shaped. Two diffusion covers 4 are all fixed in the bottom of the heating box body in the tea heating and conveying device and are arranged along the conveying direction of tea in the tea heating and conveying device. Two collect cover 6 and all fix the top at the heating box in tealeaves heating conveyor, and arrange along the direction of delivery of tealeaves in the tealeaves heating conveyor. The gas circulation breach has been seted up to the position of connecting diffusion cover 4, collecting cover 6 on the heating box in the tealeaves heating conveyor for the inner chamber of heating box and diffusion cover 4, the inner chamber intercommunication of collecting cover 6.
A water outlet is arranged at the end part of the bottom end of the diffusion cover 4; a ball valve 5 is arranged at the water outlet. The bottom of the side surface of the diffusion cover 4 is provided with an air inlet. The air inlet of the diffusion cover 4 is higher than the water outlet, so that the phenomenon that the condensed water collected at the bottom of the diffusion cover 4 blocks the air inlet of the diffusion cover 4 to cause unnecessary energy waste can be avoided. The top of the collecting cover 6 is provided with an air outlet. A nitrogen gas output port of the nitrogen making machine 8 is connected with the gas inlets of the two diffusion covers 4 through a pipeline; the air outlets of the two collecting covers 6 are connected with the air inlet of the steam-water separator 7. The gas outlet of the steam-water separator 7 is connected with the raw material gas inlet of the nitrogen making machine 8 through two of the interfaces of the three-way joint. And a third interface of the three-way joint is connected with the external environment.
The large opening of the diffusion cover 4 is upward; the input nitrogen uniformly acts on the tea leaves through the diffusion cover 4 which gradually expands upwards, and the vapor evaporated by microwave heating is taken away. The large opening of the collecting cover 6 faces downwards, so that the output nitrogen is gradually converged into the pipeline through the diffusion cover 4 which gradually tapers upwards, and turbulence caused by sudden change of the sectional area is avoided. The water outlet at the bottom end of the diffusion cover 4 is used for discharging condensed water vapor in the heating box body. In addition, due to the existence of the water outlet, when the microwave heating cavity of the heating box body is cleaned, high-pressure water can be used for directly washing, and sewage can automatically collect at the bottom of the diffusion cover and is discharged through the water outlet.
The tea heating and conveying device comprises a three-section type feeding screw rod 9, a feeding hopper 10, a feeding restraining cylinder 11, a discharging restraining cylinder 12, a double-screw driving assembly 13, a heating box body 14, a microwave source 15 and a microwave feeding cylinder 16. The heating box 14 is fixed on the frame and made of metal material, and a microwave resonant cavity is formed inside the heating box. One or more microwave sources 15 are mounted on the heating cabinet 14 for emitting microwaves into the heating cabinet 14. The heating box 14 is rectangular, and both ends thereof are respectively provided with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet. The microwave charging barrel 16 is made of non-metal materials and is a double-screw barrel (the section of an inner cavity is two intersected circles). The microwave charging barrel 16 is fixed in the heating box body 14, and two ends of the microwave charging barrel are respectively butted and fixed with the feeding hole and the discharging hole of the heating box body 14. The microwave feed barrel 16 consists of two double half cylinders spliced together. A plurality of vapor overflow holes are arranged on the side walls of the heating box body and the microwave charging barrel 16. The microwave can not overflow from the vapor overflow hole on the heating box body.
The feeding restraining cylinder 11 and the discharging restraining cylinder 12 are made of metal materials and are double-screw machine barrels. The inner ends of the feeding suppressing cylinder 11 and the discharging suppressing cylinder 12 are respectively butted and fixed with the feeding hole and the discharging hole of the heating box body 14. The cross-sectional shapes of the inner cavities of the feed suppressing cylinder 11, the discharge suppressing cylinder 12 and the microwave passing cylinder 16 are the same. The top of the outer end of the feeding restraining cylinder 11 is provided with a feeding port. The bottom of the feed hopper 10 is mounted on the feed port of the feed restraining cylinder 11. Because the feeding restraines a section of thick bamboo 11 and is great for the twin-screw barrel width, so the pay-off mouth of a feeding restraines a section of thick bamboo 11 and the bottom of feed hopper 10 all is the rectangle, compares in the single screw extruder that the material mouth is the square, and the discharge gate sectional area has increased one time, can effectively avoid the condition appearance that tealeaves stopped up as far as possible.
Two mutually parallel three-section feeding screws 9 are supported on the frame and pass through corresponding cylindrical parts on the feeding restraining cylinder 11, the microwave feeding cylinder 16 and the discharging restraining cylinder 12 to form the double-screw extruder. The three-section type feeding screw 9 consists of a feeding metal screw section 9-1, a de-enzyming nonmetal screw section 9-2 and a discharging metal screw section 9-3. The inner ends of the feeding metal screw section 9-1 and the discharging metal screw section 9-3 are respectively fixed with the two ends of the green removing non-metal screw section 9-2. The non-metal screw section 9-2 is arranged in the microwave feeding barrel 16. The feed metal screw section 9-1 is located within the feed hold-down barrel 11. The discharging metal screw section 9-3 is positioned in the discharging inhibition cylinder 12. The major diameter of the three-section feeding screw 9 is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the microwave feeding barrel 16. The feeding metal screw section 9-1 can block the microwave from overflowing along the feeding restraining cylinder 11; the discharging metal screw section 9-3 can prevent the microwave from overflowing along the discharging inhibition cylinder 12; therefore, the feeding metal screw section 9-1 and the feeding restraining barrel 11 form a restrainer of the feeding hole of the heating box body 14; the discharging metal screw section 9-3 and the discharging suppression cylinder 12 form a suppressor of a discharging port of the heating box body 14; the reflection paths of the microwaves in the feeding inhibition cylinder 11 and the discharging inhibition cylinder 12 which are provided with the double screws are very complicated, so that the length of the reflection path of the microwaves in the unit length inhibitor is greatly increased, and a good microwave inhibition effect is achieved. Therefore, compared with the existing tunnel type microwave equipment, the suppressor disclosed by the invention is shorter in length, simple in structure and has remarkable advantages.
The twin screw drive assembly 13 comprises a feed motor, a chain and two sprockets. The feeding motor is fixed on the frame, and the output shaft is fixed with one end of one three-section feeding screw 9. The two chain wheels are respectively fixed with the same ends of the two three-section type feeding screw rods 9 and are connected through chains, so that the two three-section type feeding screw rods 9 are driven at the same speed in the same direction.
The water-removing method of the water-content-controllable tea water-removing equipment comprises the following specific steps:
step one, setting a proportionality coefficient K of a PID controller by taking the rotating speed of a material conveying motor as an output signal and taking a tea water content error e (t) as an input signalpIntegral coefficient KiAnd a differential coefficient KdAnd obtaining the PID controller for controlling the water content of the tea.
The setting process is as follows: respectively carrying out tea moisture content tests by a material conveying motor at different rotating speeds; error e (t) of moisture content of tea at time t in the test is U-U (t); wherein U is the target water content; u (t) is the moisture content of the tea at time t. In the test, the error change rate ec is (e (t)1)-e(t2))/(t1-t2) (ii) a Wherein, e (t)1)、e(t2) Are respectively t1Time t2An error in time; t is t1Time t2The time instants are two adjacent sampling time instants. (t)1-t2) Is t1Time to t2The duration of the moment. According to the errors e (t) of the water content of the tea at different moments and the comparative coefficient K of the error change rate ecpIntegral coefficient KiAnd a differential coefficient KdAnd (6) setting.
Step two, performing formal tea fixation operation; the worker loads tea into the input port of the feeding device; the nitrogen making machine 8 is started, nitrogen is separated from air and is conveyed into the heating box body through the diffusion cover 4, and water vapor released by enzyme deactivation in the heating box body is taken away by the nitrogen; the steam-water separator absorbs the water vapor output from the heating box body along with the nitrogen gas and injects the nitrogen gas into the nitrogen making machine again, thereby realizing the reutilization of the nitrogen gas and reducing the power consumption of the nitrogen making machine.
The feeding device sends the tea leaves into a feeding hopper 10 of the tea leaf heating and conveying device; tea weight m of feeding device continuously detecting tea feeding into tea heating and conveying device per minute1And transmitting to the controller; the tea heating and conveying device is used for deactivating enzymes of tea and outputting the tea after deactivation of enzymes to the discharging mechanism. The discharging mechanism continuously detects the weight m of tea received per minute2And transmitted to the controller.
The controller continuously calculates the water content of the tea leaves after fixation
Wherein η is the water content of tea to be de-enzymed (i.e. the tea output by weightless scale), and the error of water content e is calculateds. And (4) inputting the water content e into the PID controller obtained in the step one, so as to continuously adjust the rotating speed of the material conveying motor.
The tea heating and conveying device carries out the fixation process as follows:
each microwave source 15 is started, the material conveying motor rotates, and tea leaves in the feeding restraining cylinder 11 are conveyed into the microwave feeding cylinder 16 under the driving of the two three-section type feeding screw rods 9. The microwave in the microwave box body 1 heats the tea in the microwave feeding cylinder 16; because the tea leaves are conveyed under the driving of the two three-section type feeding screw rods 9, the movement displacement of the tea leaves has components along the axial direction of the microwave feeding barrel 16 and components vertical to the axial direction of the microwave feeding barrel 16, the movement track is more complex compared with the existing conveyor belt type feeding, and the tea leaves can pass through various positions with different microwave intensities in the microwave box body 1, so that the tea leaves are more uniformly heated; therefore, compared with the conveyor belt type feeding used in the conventional microwave heating, the twin-screw extrusion type feeding of the invention can improve the uniformity of tea heating and improve the tea enzyme deactivation quality.
Claims (9)
1. A tea water-removing device with controllable water content comprises a feeding device, a tea heating and conveying device, a discharging mechanism and a water vapor removing device; the method is characterized in that: the feeding device and the discharging mechanism are respectively arranged at an input port and an output port of the tea heating and conveying device and can weigh; the weight difference detected by the feeding device and the discharging mechanism is the water loss weight of the tea; the water vapor extracting device comprises a diffusion cover, a collecting cover and a nitrogen source; the diffusion cover and the collection cover are both horn-shaped; the diffusion cover is arranged at the bottom of the heating box body in the tea heating and conveying device; the collecting cover is arranged at the top of the heating box body in the tea heating and conveying device; gas circulation gaps are formed in the positions, connected with the diffusion cover and the collecting cover, of the heating box body in the tea heating and conveying device, so that the inner cavity of the heating box body is communicated with the inner cavities of the diffusion cover and the collecting cover; a water outlet is arranged at the end part of the bottom end of the diffusion cover; the bottom of the side surface of the diffusion cover is provided with an air inlet; the air inlet of the diffusion cover is higher than the water outlet; the top of the collecting cover is provided with an air outlet; the air inlet of the diffusion cover is connected with the nitrogen outlet of the nitrogen source.
2. The tea wrap device of claim 1, wherein the water content is controlled by: the feeding device adopts a weightless scale; the discharging mechanism comprises a belt scale and a discharging hopper; the output port of the weightlessness scale is arranged right above the feeding funnel which is used as the input port of the tea heating and conveying device; the belt weigher is arranged below the output port of the tea heating and conveying device; the inclined discharge hopper is arranged below the output end of the belt scale.
3. The tea wrap device of claim 1, wherein the water content is controlled by: the nitrogen source comprises a steam-water separator and a nitrogen making machine; a nitrogen gas output port of the nitrogen making machine is connected with a gas inlet of the diffusion cover; the air outlets of the two collecting covers are connected with the air inlet of the steam-water separator; the gas outlet of the steam-water separator is connected with the raw material gas inlet of the nitrogen making machine through two interfaces of the three-way joint; and a third interface of the three-way joint is connected with the external environment.
4. The tea wrap device of claim 1, wherein the water content is controlled by: and a ball valve is arranged at the water outlet of the diffusion cover.
5. The tea wrap device of claim 1, wherein the water content is controlled by: the tea heating and conveying device comprises a three-section type feeding screw, a feeding hopper, a feeding restraining cylinder, a discharging restraining cylinder, a double-screw driving assembly, a heating box body, a microwave source and a microwave feeding cylinder; the heating box body is fixed on the frame and made of metal materials, and a microwave resonant cavity is formed inside the heating box body; one or more microwave sources are arranged on the heating box body; a feed inlet and a discharge outlet are respectively arranged at two ends of the heating box body; the microwave charging barrel is made of a non-metal material and is a double-screw machine barrel; the microwave charging barrel is fixed in the heating box body, and two ends of the microwave charging barrel are respectively butted and fixed with the feeding port and the discharging port of the heating box body; a plurality of water vapor overflow holes are formed in the side walls of the heating box body and the microwave charging barrel; the microwave cannot overflow from a water vapor overflow hole on the heating box body; the feeding restraining cylinder and the discharging restraining cylinder are made of metal materials and are double-screw machine barrels; the inner ends of the feeding suppression cylinder and the discharging suppression cylinder are respectively butted and fixed with a feeding hole and a discharging hole of the heating box body; the cross sections of the inner cavities of the feeding inhibition cylinder, the discharging inhibition cylinder and the microwave feeding cylinder are the same in shape; the top of the outer end of the feeding restraining cylinder is provided with a feeding port; the bottom of the feeding funnel is arranged on a feeding port of the feeding restraining cylinder; two three-section type feeding screw rods which are parallel to each other are supported on the frame and pass through corresponding cylindrical parts on the feeding restraining cylinder, the microwave feeding cylinder and the discharging restraining cylinder; the two three-section type feeding screws are driven by the double-screw driving component at constant speed in the same direction; the three-section type feeding screw consists of a feeding metal screw section, a de-enzyming nonmetal screw section and a discharging metal screw section which are arranged adjacently in sequence; the water-removing non-metal screw section is positioned in the microwave charging barrel; the feeding metal screw rod section is positioned in the feeding restraining cylinder; the discharging metal screw section is positioned in the discharging inhibition cylinder; the major diameter of the three-section feeding screw is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the microwave charging barrel.
6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the water content of the tea leaves is controlled by: the double-screw driving component comprises a feeding motor, a chain and two chain wheels; the feeding motor is fixed on the frame, and the output shaft is fixed with one end of one of the three-section feeding screw rods; the two chain wheels are respectively fixed with the same ends of the two three-section type feeding screw rods and are connected through chains.
7. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the water content of the tea leaves is controlled by: the microwave feeding cylinder is composed of two double semi-cylinders which are spliced together.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the water content of the tea fixation equipment is controlled by the following steps:
step one, setting a proportionality coefficient K of a PID controller by taking the rotating speed of a power element for conveying tea in a tea heating and conveying device as an output signal and taking a tea water content error as an input signalpIntegral coefficient KiAnd a differential coefficient KdObtaining a PID controller for controlling the water content of the tea;
secondly, filling tea into an input port of the feeding device by a worker; the nitrogen source is continuously conveyed into the heating box body of the tea heating and conveying device through the diffusion cover, and the nitrogen takes away water vapor released by enzyme deactivation in the heating box body; the feeding device sends the tea leaves into a feeding hopper of the tea leaf heating and conveying device; tea weight m of feeding device continuously detecting tea feeding into tea heating and conveying device per minute1(ii) a The tea heating and conveying device is used for deactivating enzymes of tea and outputting the tea after deactivation of enzymes to the discharging mechanism; the discharging mechanism continuously detects the weight m of tea received per minute2；
Continuously calculating the water content of the tea after the fixation
Wherein η is the water content of the tea to be de-enzymed, and the error of the calculated water content e is U-Us(ii) a Inputting the water content e into the PID controller obtained in the step one, thereby continuously adjusting the rotating speed of a power element for conveying the tea in the tea heating and conveying device; and correspondingly adjusting the feeding speed of the feeding device.
9. The enzyme deactivating method of water content controllable tea enzyme deactivating equipment as set forth in claim 8, including the steps of: the setting process in the first step is as follows: respectively carrying out tea moisture content tests by a material conveying motor at different rotating speeds; error e (t) of moisture content of tea at time t in the test is U-U (t); wherein U is the target water content; u (t) is the moisture content of the tea at the time t; in the test, the error change rate ec is (e (t)1)-e(t2))/(t1-t2) (ii) a Wherein, e (t)1)、e(t2) Are respectively t1Time t2An error in time; t is t1Time t2The time is two adjacent sampling times; (t)1-t2) Is t1Time to t2The duration of the time; according to the errors e (t) of the water content of the tea at different moments and the comparative coefficient K of the error change rate ecpIntegral coefficient KiAnd a differential coefficient KdAnd (6) setting.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010312505.7A CN111345360B (en) | 2020-04-20 | 2020-04-20 | Tea enzyme deactivation equipment with controllable water content and enzyme deactivation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010312505.7A CN111345360B (en) | 2020-04-20 | 2020-04-20 | Tea enzyme deactivation equipment with controllable water content and enzyme deactivation method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111345360A true CN111345360A (en) | 2020-06-30 |
| CN111345360B CN111345360B (en) | 2023-06-23 |
Family
ID=71189650
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010312505.7A Active CN111345360B (en) | 2020-04-20 | 2020-04-20 | Tea enzyme deactivation equipment with controllable water content and enzyme deactivation method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111345360B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113359628A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-09-07 | 三江侗族自治县仙池茶业有限公司 | Control method and device for green tea processing process |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3157504B1 (en) * | 1999-12-28 | 2001-04-16 | 財団法人三重北勢地域地場産業振興センター | Method for producing versatile tea |
| CN1935308A (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2007-03-28 | 天水华圆制药设备科技有限责任公司 | Microwave counter current continuous extraction apparatus |
| CN207040740U (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2018-02-27 | 神农金康（湖南）原生态茶业有限责任公司 | A kind of tea water-removing machine |
| CN208905999U (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2019-05-28 | 蚌埠火鹤制药股份有限公司 | A kind of steam collection device for Producing medicinal herbs |
| CN109965034A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-07-05 | 北京旋光普利生物医药科技开发有限公司 | A kind of nitrogen protection tea green-keeping dry integrated machine |
-
2020
- 2020-04-20 CN CN202010312505.7A patent/CN111345360B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3157504B1 (en) * | 1999-12-28 | 2001-04-16 | 財団法人三重北勢地域地場産業振興センター | Method for producing versatile tea |
| CN1935308A (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2007-03-28 | 天水华圆制药设备科技有限责任公司 | Microwave counter current continuous extraction apparatus |
| CN207040740U (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2018-02-27 | 神农金康（湖南）原生态茶业有限责任公司 | A kind of tea water-removing machine |
| CN208905999U (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2019-05-28 | 蚌埠火鹤制药股份有限公司 | A kind of steam collection device for Producing medicinal herbs |
| CN109965034A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-07-05 | 北京旋光普利生物医药科技开发有限公司 | A kind of nitrogen protection tea green-keeping dry integrated machine |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113359628A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-09-07 | 三江侗族自治县仙池茶业有限公司 | Control method and device for green tea processing process |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111345360B (en) | 2023-06-23 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| WO2008052437A1 (en) | Full automatic production line of instant vermicelli and process for producing it | |
| AU2010291572B2 (en) | A curd kneading apparatus for production of pasta-filata cheese | |
| CN101595951B (en) | Drying device with combination of wheat bran on-line microwave and air current and method | |
| CN2754376Y (en) | Automatic and continuous production line of instant rice flour food | |
| CN105036511B (en) | Sugar refinery filter mud microwave dewatering and drying treatment process and dewatering and drying device | |
| CN111345360A (en) | Tea water-removing equipment with controllable water content and water-removing method thereof | |
| JP2023528736A (en) | Sieving and moistening integrated device and method for sieving and moistening of mid-bones | |
| CN207531872U (en) | Agaric cleaning drying device | |
| CN201528640U (en) | On-line microwave and airflow combined drying equipment for wheat bran | |
| CN209726733U (en) | The drying equipment of prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs preparation | |
| CN206868720U (en) | A kind of rhizome traditional Chinese medicinal materials cleaning, section, drying automation production line | |
| CN217052176U (en) | Full-automatic continuous cooking equipment | |
| CN201182191Y (en) | Special-purpose equipment for redrying smoked sheet | |
| CA2562901C (en) | A method and a device for removing gas from wood chips | |
| CN210855774U (en) | Sludge drying system | |
| CN113753494A (en) | Multilayer reciprocating chain belt type bran steaming machine | |
| CN112325604A (en) | Drying device is used in herbal pieces-production | |
| CN101422219B (en) | Dry clinker resuscitation device | |
| CN210720355U (en) | Automatic detection device of rice machining precision | |
| CN216104249U (en) | Multilayer reciprocating chain belt type bran steaming machine | |
| CN110713858A (en) | Full-automatic frequency-conversion intelligent temperature-control charcoal-making flow production line | |
| CN212678260U (en) | Automatic rice cake production system | |
| CN203625344U (en) | Soy sauce flavour type automatic stubble airing machine | |
| CN104827642B (en) | A kind of plastic grain feeder apparatus of the extruding machine for cable processing | |
| CN216368201U (en) | Hot grinding device for fiber board |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |