CN111345360B - Tea enzyme deactivation equipment with controllable water content and enzyme deactivation method thereof - Google Patents
Tea enzyme deactivation equipment with controllable water content and enzyme deactivation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111345360B CN111345360B CN202010312505.7A CN202010312505A CN111345360B CN 111345360 B CN111345360 B CN 111345360B CN 202010312505 A CN202010312505 A CN 202010312505A CN 111345360 B CN111345360 B CN 111345360B
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Abstract
The invention discloses tea enzyme deactivation equipment with controllable water content and an enzyme deactivation method thereof. The water content of the tea leaves subjected to fixation by the traditional process is not strictly monitored, so that fluctuation is large, and a certain influence is generated on the subsequent tea forming. The invention relates to tea wrap equipment with controllable water content, which comprises a feeding device, a tea heating and conveying device, a discharging mechanism and a water vapor removal device. The feeding device and the discharging mechanism are respectively provided with an input port and an output port of the tea heating and conveying device, and can weigh. The weight difference detected by the feeding device and the discharging mechanism is the water loss weight of the tea. The water vapor stripping device comprises a diffusion cover, a collection cover and a nitrogen source. The collecting cover is respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the heating box body in the tea heating and conveying device. According to the detected water content of the tea leaves after fixation, the heating time length of the tea leaves is adjusted based on PID automatic control, so that the water content of the tea leaves after fixation is stabilized within a preset range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tea processing, and particularly relates to tea fixation equipment with controllable water content and a PID control method for the water content of tea.
Background
Deactivation of enzymes is an important process in the processing of Chinese tea. The de-enzyming mainly comprises heating fresh leaves to rapidly raise temperature, thereby destroying activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase, preventing enzymatic oxidation of polyphenol substances, evaporating part of water, softening leaf quality, and facilitating rolling and shaping.
The change of the tea processing process is mainly related to the change of the water content and the stress condition. Therefore, the water content of the tea leaves in the de-enzyming stage directly influences the subsequent tea leaf rolling and forming process. The water content is in the range of 34% -62%, especially in the range of 40% -55%, the flexibility and plasticity are best, and the elasticity is the best period for the blade to deform into a strip. The water content of the fresh leaves is about 75%, and the water content of the tea leaves is obviously reduced to about 60% after the tea leaves are deactivated, so that the water content control of the tea leaves in the deactivation process is very important. However, in the current tea production process, the technological parameters of fixation are established based on experience, such as designing the input amount of fresh leaves, setting the heating temperature and setting the heating time. Therefore, the water content of the tea leaves after fixation is not strictly monitored, so that fluctuation is large, and a certain influence is generated on the subsequent tea leaf forming.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect that the water content of tea leaves subjected to fixation in the prior art is not strictly monitored, and provides tea fixation equipment with controllable water content and a PID control method for the water content of the tea leaves.
The invention relates to tea wrap equipment with controllable water content, which comprises a feeding device, a tea heating and conveying device, a discharging mechanism and a water vapor removal device. The feeding device and the discharging mechanism are respectively arranged at the input port and the output port of the tea heating and conveying device and can weigh. The weight difference detected by the feeding device and the discharging mechanism is the water loss weight of the tea. The water vapor removal device comprises a diffusion cover, a collection cover and a nitrogen source. The diffusion cover and the collection cover are both horn-shaped. The diffusion cover is arranged at the bottom of the heating box body in the tea heating and conveying device. The collection cover is arranged at the top of the heating box body in the tea heating and conveying device. The positions of the heating box body in the tea heating and conveying device, which are connected with the diffusion cover and the collection cover, are provided with gas circulation gaps, so that the inner cavity of the heating box body is communicated with the inner cavities of the diffusion cover and the collection cover. A water outlet is arranged at the bottom end part of the diffusion cover; the side bottom of the diffusion cover is provided with an air inlet. The air inlet of the diffusion cover is higher than the water outlet. The top of the collecting cover is provided with an air outlet. The air inlet of the diffusion cover is connected with the nitrogen outlet of the nitrogen source.
Preferably, the feeding device adopts a weightless scale. The discharging mechanism comprises a belt scale and a discharging hopper. The output port of the weightless scale is arranged right above a feeding funnel taking the tea heating and conveying device as an input port; the belt scale is arranged below the output port of the tea heating and conveying device; the inclined discharging hopper is arranged below the output end of the belt scale.
Preferably, the nitrogen source includes a steam-water separator and a nitrogen generator. The nitrogen outlet of the nitrogen making machine is connected with the air inlet of the diffusion cover; the air outlets on the two collecting covers are connected with the air inlets of the steam-water separator. The gas outlet of the steam-water separator is connected with the raw material gas input port of the nitrogen making machine through two interfaces of the three-way joint. The third interface of the three-way joint is connected with the external environment.
Preferably, a ball valve is arranged at the water outlet of the diffusion cover.
Preferably, the tea heating and conveying device comprises a three-section feeding screw, a feeding funnel, a feeding inhibition cylinder, a discharging inhibition cylinder, a double screw driving assembly, a heating box body, a microwave source and a microwave feeding cylinder. The heating box body is fixed on the frame, adopts metal material, and the inside forms microwave resonant cavity. One or more microwave sources are mounted on the heating cabinet. The two ends of the heating box body are respectively provided with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet. The microwave feeding cylinder is made of nonmetallic materials and is a double-screw cylinder. The microwave feeding cylinder is fixed in the heating box body, and two ends of the microwave feeding cylinder are respectively butted and fixed with a feeding hole and a discharging hole of the heating box body. A plurality of water vapor overflow holes are formed in the side wall of the heating box body and the side wall of the microwave feeding barrel. Microwaves cannot overflow from the water vapor overflow holes on the heating box body. The feeding inhibition cylinder and the discharging inhibition cylinder are both made of metal materials and are double-screw machine barrels. The inner ends of the feeding inhibition cylinder and the discharging inhibition cylinder are respectively butted and fixed with the feeding port and the discharging port of the heating box body. The cross-sectional shapes of the inner cavities of the feeding inhibition cylinder, the discharging inhibition cylinder and the microwave feeding cylinder are the same. The top of the outer end of the feeding inhibition cylinder is provided with a feeding port. The bottom of the feeding funnel is arranged on the feeding port of the feeding inhibition cylinder. Two parallel three-section feeding screws are supported on the frame and all pass through corresponding cylindrical parts on the feeding inhibition cylinder, the microwave feeding cylinder and the discharging inhibition cylinder. The two three-section feeding screws are driven in the same speed and direction by the double-screw driving assembly. The three-section type feeding screw consists of a feeding metal screw section, a de-enzyming nonmetallic screw section and a discharging metal screw section which are arranged adjacently in sequence. The de-enzyming nonmetallic screw rod section is positioned in the microwave feeding cylinder. The feed metal screw section is located within the feed inhibition barrel. The discharging metal screw section is positioned in the discharging inhibition cylinder. The large diameter of the three-section feeding screw is smaller than or equal to the inner diameter of the microwave feeding cylinder.
Preferably, the double-screw driving assembly comprises a feeding motor, a chain and two chain wheels. The feeding motor is fixed on the frame, and the output shaft is fixed with one end of one of the three-section feeding screw rods. The two chain wheels are respectively fixed with the same ends of the two three-section feeding screw rods and are connected through a chain.
Preferably, the microwave feed cylinder consists of two double semicircular cylinders which are spliced together.
The water content controllable tea enzyme deactivating method of the tea enzyme deactivating equipment comprises the following specific steps:
step one, setting the proportionality coefficient K of a PID controller by taking the rotating speed of a power element for conveying tea in a tea heating and conveying device as an output signal and the water content error of the tea as an input signal p Integral coefficient K i And differential coefficient K d Obtaining the PID controller for controlling the water content of the tea.
Step two, filling tea leaves into an input port of the feeding device by staff; the nitrogen source continuously transmits nitrogen into the heating box body of the tea heating and conveying device through the diffusion cover, and the nitrogen takes away water vapor released by fixation in the heating box body. The feeding device sends tea leaves into a feeding funnel of the tea heating and conveying device; the feeding device continuously detects the weight m of tea fed into the tea heating and conveying device every minute 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The tea heating and conveying device is used for deactivating enzymes of tea and outputting the deactivated tea to the discharging mechanism. The discharge mechanism continuously detects the weight m of the received tea leaves per minute 2 。
Continuously calculating the water content of tea leaves after fixation
The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein->
The water content of the tea leaves to be deactivated is; calculating the moisture content error->
. Water content is reducedeInputting the PID controller obtained in the first step, so as to continuously adjust the rotating speed of a power element for conveying tea in the tea heating and conveying device; and correspondingly adjusting the feeding speed of the feeding device.
Preferably, the setting process in the first step is as follows: the material conveying motor respectively carries out the water content test of the tea leaves at different rotating speeds; tea water content error e (t) =u-U (t) at time t in the test; wherein U is the target water content; tea water content with u (t) being t momentThe rate. Error rate ec= (e (t) 1 )- e(t 2 )) / (t 1 -t 2 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein e (t) 1 )、e(t 2 ) Respectively t 1 Time t 2 Error in time; t is t 1 Time t 2 The time instants are two adjacent sampling time instants. (t) 1 -t 2 ) At t 1 From time to t 2 The duration of the time. Comparing the coefficient K of the example according to the error e (t) of the water content of the tea and the error change rate ec at different moments p Integral coefficient K i And differential coefficient K d And (5) setting.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the weight of the fresh tea is detected through the weightlessness scale, the weight of the tea after fixation is detected through the electronic belt scale, the difference between the weight and the weight is the weight of the tea after water loss, and the water content of the tea after fixation can be calculated after the water content of the fresh tea is measured. On the basis, the invention adjusts the heating time of the tea in the tea heating and conveying device based on PID automatic control according to the detected water content of the tea after fixation, so that the water content of the tea after fixation is stabilized within a preset range, and the quality of the tea after fixation is improved.
2. According to the invention, tea leaves are conveyed by adopting a double-screw extrusion mode, the tea leaves move in the advancing direction and move up and down in the conveying process, and can move in a cross manner in a cylinder where the two screws are positioned, so that the movement range of the tea leaves is effectively increased, and the tea leaves are uniformly dried in a microwave resonant cavity with incomplete microwave.
3. In order to prevent microwave leakage, the prior tunnel microwave equipment is provided with suppressors with large length and complex internal structure at the feeding end and the discharging end. The principle of the suppressor is that microwaves which are originally about to leak are refracted back and forth in the internal structure of the suppressor, so that the microwaves are consumed by the suppressor and the materials in the suppressor. The microwave suppressors composed of the double metal screw rods and the corresponding metal sleeves are adopted at the feeding end and the discharging end of the microwave suppressors, so that the refraction range of microwaves in the suppressors is wider, and the path is more complex, therefore, compared with tunnel microwave equipment adopting crawler type or single screw rod transmission, the microwave suppressors can shorten the lengths of the suppressors, thereby reducing the occupied area of the equipment and reducing the processing cost of the equipment.
4. According to the invention, nitrogen is continuously introduced into the microwave resonant cavity, so that oxygen is isolated from tea leaves in the enzyme deactivation process, and therefore, non-enzymatic oxidation of tea leaf nutrients such as tea polyphenol, amino acid, vitamin and the like can be avoided, and meanwhile, the generation of organic free radicals is greatly reduced; the nutrient substances in the fresh leaves are reserved, meanwhile, the quality guarantee period of the finished tea leaves taking low free radicals as the internal characteristics is longer, and the aging speed is greatly reduced. In addition, nitrogen moving from bottom to top brings water vapor removed from the water heater away from the microwave resonant cavity, so that dehumidifying equipment is omitted, and the production cost of the equipment is reduced.
5. The nitrogen enters the microwave resonant cavity through the horn-shaped diffusion cover, so that the nitrogen acts on the tea. The lowest part of the diffusion cover is provided with a ball valve, so that condensed water can be conveniently collected and discharged. In addition, when the microwave heating cavity is cleaned, the invention can be directly flushed by high-pressure water, and sewage can be automatically collected into the diffusion cover and discharged through the ball valve.
6. The air inlet of the diffusion cover is higher than the water outlet, so that the diffusion cover can collect certain condensed water after the device is used for a certain time, the condensed water cannot be blown up when high-pressure nitrogen enters through the air inlet pipe, and otherwise, the blown condensed water enters the heating box through the small holes in the lower wall of the microwave heating box, so that a large amount of water vapor is generated by absorbing microwaves, and the waste of microwave energy is caused.
7. The invention adopts the nitrogen making machine to make nitrogen on site, the nitrogen output by the nitrogen making machine enters the microwave resonant cavity through the diffusion cover, the collecting cover gathers the water vapor and the nitrogen in the heating process and conveys the water vapor and the nitrogen to the steam-water separator. The steam-water separator separates the steam from the nitrogen, and then the separated nitrogen is conveyed into the nitrogen making machine. As the concentration of nitrogen in the air inlet of the nitrogen making machine is improved, the efficiency of producing nitrogen by the nitrogen making machine is improved, and the power consumption of the nitrogen making machine is reduced.
8. Compared with the process of purchasing bottled nitrogen, the invention adopts the nitrogen making machine to obtain raw materials from the air for continuous nitrogen making, thereby reducing the production cost. On the other hand, when the bottled nitrogen is adopted, the bottled nitrogen needs to be replaced after being used up, and the bottle is very inconvenient. The invention does not need to interrupt production to ventilate equipment in the production process, thereby realizing continuous production and ensuring stable and reliable tea fixation effect.
9. The cross section of the feeding hole is increased in a double-screw extrusion mode, so that the condition that tea cannot automatically fall down due to the blocking of the tea at the feeding hole is avoided. In order to solve the problem of blockage in actual production, tea leaves are often manually tamped at a feed inlet. Therefore, the invention omits the process of manually tamping tea leaves by adopting a double-screw extrusion mode, thereby reducing the investment of labor cost. In addition, the transmission efficiency of the double-screw feeding system is higher than that of a single screw, and the production efficiency of equipment is effectively improved. Under the condition of achieving the same production efficiency, the water-removing equipment adopting the double-screw feeding system can reduce the occupied area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the present invention;
figure 3 is a schematic perspective view of a tea heating and conveying device in the invention;
figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a tea leaf heating and conveying device in the invention.
Description of the embodiments
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the tea wrap equipment with controllable water content comprises a feeding device, a tea heating and conveying device, a discharging mechanism, a water vapor removal device and a controller. The feeding device adopts a weightless scale 1. The discharging mechanism comprises a belt scale 2 and a discharging hopper 3. The delivery outlet of weightless balance 1 sets up directly over feed hopper 10, and feeder hopper 10 installs at tealeaves heating conveyor's input port. The belt scale 2 is arranged below the output port of the tea heating and conveying device; the inclined discharging hopper 3 is arranged below the output end of the belt scale 2 and is used for pouring dehydrated tea leaves into a subsequent collecting device (a collecting bag can be adopted). The weightless scale 1 continuously sends tea into the tea heating and conveying device, records the weight of the tea sent into the tea heating and conveying device and transmits the weight to the controller; the tea heating and conveying device conveys the heated and dehydrated tea to the belt scale 2. The belt scale 2 records the weight of the tea after the heating and dehydration and transmits the weight to the controller. The weight loss scale 1 controls fresh tea leaves with specified weight to be supplied into the microwave resonant cavity every minute, the electronic belt scale 2 measures the tea leaves with the weight which are deactivated every minute, the difference between the weight and the weight is the weight of the tea leaves which are dehydrated every minute, and the water content of the tea leaves after automatic deactivation can be calculated after the water content of the fresh tea leaves is measured.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the water vapor stripping device comprises a diffusion cover 4, a ball valve 5, a collection cover 6, a water vapor separator 7 and a nitrogen generator 8. The diffusion cover 4 and the collection cover 6 are both horn-shaped. The two diffusion hoods 4 are fixed at the bottom of the heating box body in the tea heating and conveying device and are arranged along the conveying direction of tea in the tea heating and conveying device. The two collecting covers 6 are fixed at the top of the heating box body in the tea heating and conveying device and are arranged along the conveying direction of tea in the tea heating and conveying device. The positions of the heating box body in the tea heating and conveying device, which are connected with the diffusion cover 4 and the collection cover 6, are provided with gas circulation gaps, so that the inner cavities of the heating box body are communicated with the inner cavities of the diffusion cover 4 and the collection cover 6.
A water outlet is arranged at the bottom end part of the diffusion cover 4; a ball valve 5 is arranged at the water outlet. The side bottom of the diffusion cover 4 is provided with an air inlet. The air inlet of the diffusion cover 4 is higher than the water outlet, so that the condensed water collected at the bottom of the diffusion cover 4 can be prevented from blocking the air inlet of the diffusion cover 4, and unnecessary energy waste is generated. The top of the collecting hood 6 is provided with an air outlet. The nitrogen outlet of the nitrogen making machine 8 is connected with the air inlets of the two diffusion covers 4 through pipelines; the air outlets on the two collecting hoods 6 are connected with the air inlets of the steam-water separator 7. The gas outlet of the steam-water separator 7 is connected with the raw material gas input port of the nitrogen generator 8 through two interfaces of the three-way connector. The third interface of the three-way joint is connected with the external environment.
The large opening of the diffusion cover 4 faces upwards; the input nitrogen uniformly acts on the tea leaves through the diffusion cover 4 which is gradually enlarged upwards, and the vapor evaporated by microwave heating is taken away. The large mouth of the collecting hood 6 faces downwards, so that the output nitrogen gradually converges into the pipeline through the diffusion hood 4 which gradually reduces upwards, and turbulence caused by sudden change of the sectional area is avoided. The water outlet at the bottom end of the diffusion cover 4 is used for removing the condensed water vapor in the heating box body. In addition, due to the existence of the water outlet, the microwave heating cavity of the heating box body can be directly washed by high-pressure water when the microwave heating cavity is cleaned, and sewage can be automatically collected to the bottom of the diffusion cover and discharged through the water outlet.
The tea heating and conveying device comprises a three-section feeding screw 9, a feeding funnel 10, a feeding inhibition cylinder 11, a discharging inhibition cylinder 12, a double screw driving assembly 13, a heating box 14, a microwave source 15 and a microwave feeding cylinder 16. The heating box 14 is fixed on the frame, and is made of metal material, and a microwave resonant cavity is formed inside the heating box. One or more microwave sources 15 are mounted on the heating cabinet 14 for releasing microwaves into the heating cabinet 14. The heating box 14 is in a cuboid shape, and a feed inlet and a discharge outlet are respectively formed at two ends. The microwave feed-through barrel 16 is made of nonmetallic materials and is a double-screw barrel (the cross section of the inner cavity is two intersected circles). The microwave feeding cylinder 16 is fixed in the heating box 14, and two ends are respectively butted and fixed with a feeding hole and a discharging hole of the heating box 14. The microwave feed-through barrel 16 is composed of two double semi-cylinders which are spliced together. A plurality of water vapor overflow holes are arranged on the side wall of the heating box body and the microwave feed-through barrel 16. Microwaves cannot overflow from the water vapor overflow holes on the heating box body.
The feeding suppressing cylinder 11 and the discharging suppressing cylinder 12 are both made of metal materials and are twin-screw barrels. The inner ends of the feeding inhibition cylinder 11 and the discharging inhibition cylinder 12 are respectively butted and fixed with the feeding port and the discharging port of the heating box body 14. The cross-sectional shapes of the inner cavities of the feeding inhibition cylinder 11, the discharging inhibition cylinder 12 and the microwave feeding cylinder 16 are the same. The top of the outer end of the feeding inhibition cylinder 11 is provided with a feeding port. The bottom of the feed hopper 10 is mounted on the feed port of the feed inhibition drum 11. Because the feeding inhibition cylinder 11 is large in double-screw machine barrel width, the feeding opening of the feeding inhibition cylinder 11 and the bottom of the feeding funnel 10 are rectangular, compared with a single-screw extruder with a square feeding opening, the cross section area of the feeding opening is doubled, and the situation that tea leaves are blocked as much as possible can be effectively avoided.
Two parallel three-section feeding screws 9 are supported on the frame and all pass through corresponding cylindrical parts on the feeding inhibition cylinder 11, the microwave feeding cylinder 16 and the discharging inhibition cylinder 12 to form a double-screw extruder. The three-section feeding screw 9 consists of a feeding metal screw section 9-1, a de-enzyming nonmetallic screw section 9-2 and a discharging metal screw section 9-3. The inner ends of the feeding metal screw section 9-1 and the discharging metal screw section 9-3 are respectively fixed with the two ends of the de-enzyming nonmetallic screw section 9-2. The de-enzyming nonmetallic screw section 9-2 is located in a microwave feed cylinder 16. The feed metal screw section 9-1 is located within the feed inhibition zone 11. The discharge metal screw section 9-3 is located within the discharge suppression cylinder 12. The large diameter of the three-section feeding screw 9 is smaller than or equal to the inner diameter of the microwave feeding cylinder 16. The feeding metal screw section 9-1 can block microwaves from overflowing along the feeding inhibition cylinder 11; the discharging metal screw section 9-3 can block microwaves from overflowing along the discharging inhibition cylinder 12; thus, the feed metal screw section 9-1 and the feed inhibition barrel 11 constitute an inhibitor of the feed inlet of the heating housing 14; the discharging metal screw section 9-3 and the discharging inhibition cylinder 12 form an inhibitor of a discharging hole of the heating box 14; the reflection paths of microwaves in the feeding inhibition cylinder 11 and the discharging inhibition cylinder 12 provided with double screws are quite complex, the reflection path length of microwaves in the unit length inhibitor is greatly increased, and a good microwave inhibition effect is achieved. Compared with the existing tunnel microwave equipment, the suppressor has the advantages of short length, simple structure and remarkable advantages.
The twin screw drive assembly 13 includes a feed motor, a chain and two sprockets. The feeding motor is fixed on the frame, and the output shaft is fixed with one end of one of the three-section feeding screw rods 9. The two chain wheels are respectively fixed with the same ends of the two three-section type feeding screw rods 9 and are connected through chains, so that the two three-section type feeding screw rods 9 are driven at the same speed in the same direction.
The water content controllable tea enzyme deactivating method of the tea enzyme deactivating equipment comprises the following specific steps:
step one, taking the rotating speed of a material conveying motor as an output signal, taking a tea water content error e (t) as an input signal, and setting a proportion coefficient K of a PID controller p Integral coefficient K i And differential coefficient K d Is used for controllingPID controller for water content of tea.
The setting process is as follows: the material conveying motor respectively carries out the water content test of the tea leaves at different rotating speeds; tea water content error e (t) =u-U (t) at time t in the test; wherein U is the target water content; u (t) is the water content of the tea at the moment t. Error rate ec= (e (t) 1 )- e(t 2 )) / (t 1 -t 2 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein e (t) 1 )、e(t 2 ) Respectively t 1 Time t 2 Error in time; t is t 1 Time t 2 The time instants are two adjacent sampling time instants. (t) 1 -t 2 ) At t 1 From time to t 2 The duration of the time. Comparing the coefficient K of the example according to the error e (t) of the water content of the tea and the error change rate ec at different moments p Integral coefficient K i And differential coefficient K d And (5) setting.
Step two, performing formal tea de-enzyming operation; the staff loads tea leaves into the input port of the feeding device; the nitrogen making machine 8 is started, nitrogen is separated from air and is conveyed into the heating box body through the diffusion cover 4, and the nitrogen takes away water vapor released by fixation in the heating box body; the steam-water separator absorbs the steam output from the heating box along with the nitrogen and re-injects the nitrogen into the nitrogen making machine, thereby realizing the recycling of the nitrogen and reducing the power consumption of the nitrogen making machine.
The feeding device sends tea leaves into a feeding funnel 10 of the tea heating and conveying device; the feeding device continuously detects the weight m of tea fed into the tea heating and conveying device every minute 1 And transmitting to the controller; the tea heating and conveying device is used for deactivating enzymes of tea and outputting the deactivated tea to the discharging mechanism. The discharge mechanism continuously detects the weight m of the received tea leaves per minute 2 And transmitted to the controller.
The controller continuously calculates the water content of the tea leaves after fixation
The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein->
The water content of the tea leaves to be deactivated (namely the tea leaves output by the weightless scale); and is combined withCalculating the moisture content error->
. Water content is reducedeAnd (3) inputting the PID controller obtained in the step one, so as to continuously adjust the rotating speed of the material conveying motor.
The tea heating and conveying device carries out the fixation process as follows:
each microwave source 15 is started, the feeding motor rotates, and tea leaves in the feeding inhibition cylinder 11 are driven by two three-section feeding screws 9 to be conveyed into a microwave feeding cylinder 16. The tea leaves in the microwave feed cylinder 16 are heated by microwaves in the microwave box body; because the tea is conveyed under the drive of the two three-section feeding screws 9, the movement displacement of the tea has both components along the axial direction of the microwave feeding cylinder 16 and components perpendicular to the axial direction of the microwave feeding cylinder 16, and the movement track is more complex than the existing conveyor belt type feeding, and can pass through various positions with different microwave intensities in the microwave box body, so that the heating is more uniform; therefore, compared with the conveyer belt type feeding used in the conventional microwave heating, the double-screw extrusion type feeding disclosed by the invention can improve the heating uniformity degree of tea and the tea fixation quality.
Claims (6)
1. The tea water-removing equipment with the controllable water content comprises a feeding device, a tea heating and conveying device, a discharging mechanism and a water vapor removing device; the method is characterized in that: the feeding device and the discharging mechanism are respectively arranged at the input port and the output port of the tea heating and conveying device and can weigh; the weight difference detected by the feeding device and the discharging mechanism is the water loss weight of the tea; the water vapor removal device comprises a diffusion cover, a collection cover and a nitrogen source; the diffusion cover and the collection cover are both horn-shaped; the diffusion cover is arranged at the bottom of the heating box body in the tea heating and conveying device; the collecting cover is arranged at the top of the heating box body in the tea heating and conveying device; the heating box body in the tea heating and conveying device is connected with the diffusion cover and the collecting cover, and the positions of the diffusion cover and the collecting cover are provided with gas circulation gaps, so that the inner cavity of the heating box body is communicated with the inner cavities of the diffusion cover and the collecting cover; a water outlet is arranged at the bottom end part of the diffusion cover; the bottom of the side face of the diffusion cover is provided with an air inlet; the air inlet of the diffusion cover is higher than the water outlet; the top of the collecting cover is provided with an air outlet; the air inlet of the diffusion cover is connected with the nitrogen outlet of the nitrogen source;
the tea heating and conveying device comprises a three-section feeding screw, a feeding funnel, a feeding inhibition cylinder, a discharging inhibition cylinder, a double screw driving assembly, a heating box body, a microwave source and a microwave feeding cylinder; the heating box body is fixed on the frame, adopts metal materials, and forms a microwave resonant cavity inside; one or more microwave sources are mounted on the heating cabinet; the two ends of the heating box body are respectively provided with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet; the microwave feeding cylinder is made of nonmetallic materials and is a double-screw cylinder; the microwave feeding cylinder is fixed in the heating box body, and two ends of the microwave feeding cylinder are respectively butted and fixed with a feeding hole and a discharging hole of the heating box body; a plurality of water vapor overflow holes are formed in the side wall of the heating box body and the microwave feeding barrel; microwaves cannot overflow from the water vapor overflow holes on the heating box body; the feeding inhibition cylinder and the discharging inhibition cylinder are both made of metal materials and are double-screw machine barrels; the inner ends of the feeding inhibition cylinder and the discharging inhibition cylinder are respectively butted and fixed with the feeding port and the discharging port of the heating box body; the cross-sectional shapes of the inner cavities of the feeding inhibition cylinder, the discharging inhibition cylinder and the microwave feeding cylinder are the same; a feeding port is formed in the top of the outer end of the feeding inhibition cylinder; the bottom of the feeding funnel is arranged on the feeding port of the feeding inhibition cylinder; two parallel three-section feeding screws are supported on the frame and all penetrate through corresponding cylindrical parts on the feeding inhibition cylinder, the microwave feeding cylinder and the discharging inhibition cylinder; the two three-section feeding screws are driven in the same speed and direction by the double-screw driving assembly; the three-section type feeding screw consists of a feeding metal screw section, a de-enzyming nonmetallic screw section and a discharging metal screw section which are arranged adjacently in sequence; the de-enzyming nonmetallic screw rod section is positioned in the microwave feeding cylinder; the feeding metal screw section is positioned in the feeding inhibition cylinder; the discharging metal screw rod section is positioned in the discharging inhibition cylinder; the large diameter of the three-section feeding screw is smaller than or equal to the inner diameter of the microwave feeding cylinder.
2. The water content controllable tea wrap apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the feeding device adopts a weightless scale; the discharging mechanism comprises a belt scale and a discharging hopper; the output port of the weightless scale is arranged right above a feeding funnel taking the tea heating and conveying device as an input port; the belt scale is arranged below the output port of the tea heating and conveying device; the inclined discharging hopper is arranged below the output end of the belt scale.
3. The water content controllable tea wrap apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the nitrogen source comprises a steam-water separator and a nitrogen generator; the nitrogen outlet of the nitrogen making machine is connected with the air inlet of the diffusion cover; the air outlets on the two collecting covers are connected with the air inlets of the steam-water separator; the gas outlet of the steam-water separator is connected with the raw material gas input port of the nitrogen making machine through two interfaces of the three-way joint; the third interface of the three-way joint is connected with the external environment.
4. The water content controllable tea wrap apparatus of claim 1, wherein: and a ball valve is arranged at the water outlet of the diffusion cover.
5. The water content controllable tea wrap apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the double-screw driving assembly comprises a feeding motor, a chain and two chain wheels; the feeding motor is fixed on the frame, and the output shaft is fixed with one end of one of the three-section feeding screw rods; the two chain wheels are respectively fixed with the same ends of the two three-section feeding screw rods and are connected through a chain.
6. The water content controllable tea wrap apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the microwave feeding cylinder consists of two double semicircular cylinders which are spliced together.
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| CN202010312505.7A CN111345360B (en) | 2020-04-20 | 2020-04-20 | Tea enzyme deactivation equipment with controllable water content and enzyme deactivation method thereof |
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| JP3157504B1 (en) * | 1999-12-28 | 2001-04-16 | 財団法人三重北勢地域地場産業振興センター | Method for producing versatile tea |
| CN100423805C (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2008-10-08 | 天水华圆制药设备科技有限责任公司 | Microwave counter current continuous extraction apparatus |
| CN207040740U (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2018-02-27 | 神农金康（湖南）原生态茶业有限责任公司 | A kind of tea water-removing machine |
| CN208905999U (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2019-05-28 | 蚌埠火鹤制药股份有限公司 | A kind of steam collection device for Producing medicinal herbs |
| CN109965034A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-07-05 | 北京旋光普利生物医药科技开发有限公司 | A kind of nitrogen protection tea green-keeping dry integrated machine |
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