CN111334331A

CN111334331A - Petroleum hydrocracking reaction device

Info

Publication number: CN111334331A
Application number: CN202010089556.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 马海峰; 王浩然; 崔云龙; 李云霄; 赵培和
Original assignee: Dongying Lianhe Petrochemical Co ltd
Current assignee: Dongying Lianhe Petrochemical Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-02-13
Filing date: 2020-02-13
Publication date: 2020-06-26
Anticipated expiration: 2040-02-13
Also published as: WO2021159790A1; CN111334331B

Abstract

The invention provides a petroleum hydrocracking reaction device, and mainly relates to the field of petrochemical industry. The utility model provides an oil hydrocracking reaction unit, includes retort, hydrogen source, oil feeding device and control box, the retort includes the outer jar of body and the inner tank body, set up the intake pipe that runs through the outer jar of body and the inner tank body on the retort, advance oil pipe and inlet pipe, the inlet pipe is located the outside one end of retort and sets up sealed material feeding jar, inner tank body top sets up the gas outlet, inner tank body bottom sets up the oil-out, oil pipe is led in outer jar body bottom setting, lead and concatenate the filter on the oil pipe, outer jar body top sets up the air duct, the outer jar of body outside sets up firing equipment. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can provide high-temperature and high-pressure environment for the hydrocracking process in the petroleum industrial production, thereby greatly improving the hydrocracking efficiency of petroleum and improving the yield of light oil fuel.

Description

Petroleum hydrocracking reaction device

Technical Field

The invention mainly relates to the field of petrochemical industry, in particular to a petroleum hydrocracking reaction device.

Background

At present, the quantity of gasoline and diesel oil as automobile fuel in petroleum products occupies more than half, while the light fraction such as gasoline and diesel oil contained in general crude oil is only about 1/4, which has a great difference in quantity and does not meet the quality requirement. In order to increase the yield of light oil (gasoline, diesel), the industry generally carries out degradation treatment on petroleum by a process of hydrocracking the petroleum, thereby increasing the yield of the light oil. At present, the cracking of petroleum is mainly completed by utilizing a fluidized bed process, but the hydrocracking of petroleum is proved to have higher reaction rate under the pressure and high-temperature environment through experiments, the fluidized bed can only meet the high-temperature environment, and the pressure environment is difficult to operate. The technicians of the company of China innovate the hydrocracking process of petroleum by combining the gas circulation hydrogenation technology in the hydrocracking process of naphtha, and design the hydrocracking equipment of petroleum which can be applied to industrial production.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a petroleum hydrocracking reaction device which can provide a high-temperature and high-pressure environment for a hydrocracking process in petroleum industrial production, thereby greatly improving the hydrocracking efficiency of petroleum and improving the yield of light oil fuel.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a petroleum hydrocracking reaction device comprises a reaction tank, a hydrogen source, a petroleum supply device and a control box, wherein the reaction tank comprises an outer tank body and an inner tank body, a buffer cavity is arranged between the inner tank body and the outer tank body, a reaction cavity is arranged in the inner tank body, an air inlet pipe, an oil inlet pipe and an air inlet pipe which penetrate through the outer tank body and the inner tank body are arranged on the reaction tank, the part of the air inlet pipe in the reaction cavity is opposite to the part of the oil inlet pipe, the air inlet pipe in the reaction cavity is positioned between the air inlet pipe and the oil inlet pipe, one end of the air inlet pipe, which is positioned outside the reaction tank, is provided with a sealed feeding tank, the top of the inner tank body is provided with an air outlet, the bottom of the inner tank body is provided with an oil outlet, the bottom of the outer tank body is provided with an oil guide pipe, the oil guide pipe is connected with a filter in, the hydrogen source, the oil guide pipe, the inlet pipe, the air guide pipe, the hydrogen source, the oil supply device, the heating equipment, the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, the liquid level sensor and the control box are connected with signals.

The outer tank body and the inner tank body are pressure tanks.

The hydrogen source is a high-pressure hydrogen pump.

The petroleum supply device comprises an oil storage tank and a heavy oil pump, and the heavy oil pump pumps petroleum in the oil storage tank into the reaction cavity through an oil inlet pipe.

The oil guide pipe is connected with a tee joint, the tee joint is positioned at the downstream of the filter, one branch is connected with the oil storage tank, the other branch is connected with the finished oil tank, and each branch is provided with an electric control valve in signal connection with the control box.

And a water cooler is arranged on the outer wall of the oil guide pipe.

The heating device is an electric heater.

The oil inlet pipe is located in the inner tank body, one end of the oil inlet pipe is provided with an oil nozzle, and the air nozzle and the oil nozzle are arranged oppositely.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the hydrogen, the petroleum and the catalyst are synchronously led into the reaction cavity, so that the hydrogen, the petroleum and the catalyst are contacted in real time, and are subjected to mixing reaction in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment, the contact area of the hydrogen, the petroleum and the catalyst can be increased, the petroleum hydrocracking efficiency is greatly increased, the gasoline and diesel oil yield of the petroleum hydrocracking is increased, and the process innovation effect is achieved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of the part A of the present invention

Reference numerals shown in the drawings: 1. a reaction tank; 2. a source of hydrogen gas; 3. a petroleum supply means; 4. a control box; 11. an outer tank body; 12. an inner tank body; 13. a buffer chamber; 14. a reaction chamber; 15. an air inlet pipe; 16. an oil inlet pipe; 17. an air outlet; 18. an oil outlet; 19. an oil guide pipe; 20. an air duct; 21. a feed pipe; 22. a material adding tank; 23. a filter; 31. an oil storage tank; 32. a heavy oil pump; 41. a heating device; 42. a pressure sensor; 43. a temperature sensor; 44. a liquid level sensor; 45. an electrically controlled valve; 46. a water cooler; 47. an air nozzle; 48. an oil nozzle.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and these equivalents also fall within the scope of the present application.

As shown in fig. 1-2, the petroleum hydrocracking reaction device comprises a reaction tank 1, a hydrogen source 2, a petroleum supply device 3 and a control box 4, wherein the reaction tank 1 comprises an outer tank body 11 and an inner tank body 12, a buffer cavity 13 is arranged between the inner tank body 12 and the outer tank body 11, a limiting frame which is in contact with the outer wall of the outer tank body is welded on the inner wall of the outer tank body, the limiting frame and the outer wall of the inner tank body are fixed through bolts, and the inner tank body is mounted in the outer tank body through the limiting frame. The inner tank body 12 is internally provided with a reaction cavity 14, and the reaction cavity is a reaction place for petroleum hydrogenation catalytic cracking. The hydrogen is added into the inner tank body, so that certain pressure can be formed in the reaction tank, a pressure environment is created, and the hydrocracking efficiency of petroleum is improved. The reaction tank 1 is provided with an air inlet pipe 15, an oil inlet pipe 16 and an inlet pipe 21 which penetrate through the outer tank body 11 and the inner tank body 12, the air inlet pipe 15 and the oil inlet pipe 16 in the reaction cavity 14 are arranged partially oppositely, and preferably, the air inlet pipe and the oil inlet pipe are arranged at the bottom of the inner tank body oppositely, so that the sprayed hydrogen and petroleum are flushed oppositely, and the hydrogen and the petroleum are better mixed. Inlet pipe 21 in the reaction chamber 14 is located intake pipe 15 and advances between the oil pipe 16, inlet pipe 21 is located 1 outside one end of retort and sets up sealed material tank 22 that adds, add storage catalyst in the material tank, the catalyst falls into the reaction intracavity and advances the catalyst release between the two at the intake pipe under the action of gravity to realize the mixture of catalyst and hydrogen, petroleum, in order to reach catalytic effect. The top of the inner tank body 12 is provided with a gas outlet 17, the gas outlet releases gases such as rich methane, ethylene and the like generated by the reaction into the buffer cavity, and a high-pressure environment is provided for the reaction cavity and the buffer cavity along with the accumulation of generated gases, so that the efficiency of the petroleum hydrocracking reaction is promoted. An oil outlet 18 is formed in the bottom of the inner tank body 12 and serves as a discharge port of reacted petroleum, so that the petroleum is buffered in the buffer cavity. An oil guide pipe 19 is arranged at the bottom of the outer tank body 11, a filter 23 is connected on the oil guide pipe 19 in series, and the catalyst flows out of the oil guide pipe along with the petroleum and is filtered by the filter. In the reaction process, the surface of the catalyst is covered by coke particles generated by the reaction, and the filtered catalyst can be added into the material adding tank again to wait for the subsequent catalytic task after being burned at high temperature. The 11 tops of the outer tank body set up the air duct 20, the 11 outside heating equipment 41 that sets up of the outer tank body, heating equipment provides the heat of oil hydrocracking reaction for the retort, and the interval of cushion chamber makes the reaction intracavity temperature even, and the hydrocracking reaction of oil is more stable. A pressure sensor 42 and a temperature sensor 43 are arranged in the buffer cavity 13 and/or the inner tank body 12, the pressure sensor is used for detecting the pressure in the reaction tank and transmitting a pressure signal to the control box, and the temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature in the reaction tank and transmitting a temperature signal to the control box. A liquid level sensor 44 is arranged in the buffer cavity 13 and used for detecting the oil liquid level height in the buffer cavity and transmitting a liquid level signal to the control box. The hydrogen source 2 is connected with an air inlet pipe 15, the petroleum supply device 3 is connected with an oil inlet pipe 16, the air inlet pipe 15, the oil inlet pipe 16, an oil guide pipe 19, an inlet pipe 21 and an air guide pipe 20 are all provided with an electric control valve 44, and the hydrogen source 2, the petroleum supply device 3, a heating device 41, a pressure sensor 42, a temperature sensor 43 and a liquid level sensor 44 are all in signal connection with the control box 4. The control box controls the actions of each electric control valve and heating equipment through signals transmitted back by the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor and the liquid level sensor, thereby controlling the collection of the final gas guide pipe on the generated gas such as rich methane, ethylene and the like and the collection of the oil guide pipe on the oil.

Specifically, the outer tank 11 and the inner tank 12 are pressure tanks, and both the outer tank and the inner tank can bear 6MPa of pressure at most. The outer tank and the inner tank are used as pressure vessels, so that the reaction of petroleum hydrocracking can be carried out in a pressure environment, the reaction efficiency is improved, and air can be prevented from entering to cause explosion.

Specifically, the hydrogen source 2 is a high-pressure hydrogen pump. The pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen pump is higher than the highest pressure born by the inner tank body and the outer tank body so as to ensure that hydrogen is smoothly led into the reaction cavity.

Specifically, the oil supply device 3 includes an oil storage tank 31 and a heavy oil pump 32, and the heavy oil pump 32 pumps the oil in the oil storage tank 31 into the reaction chamber 14 through the oil inlet pipe 16. The heavy oil pump can realize the gushing effect in the reaction cavity of the petroleum under the pressure environment, so that the petroleum and the hydrogen are in hedging, the petroleum and the hydrogen are fully mixed, and the reaction rate is improved.

Specifically, the oil conduit 19 is connected with a tee joint, the tee joint is positioned at the downstream of the filter 23, one branch is connected with the oil storage tank 31, the other branch is connected with the finished oil tank, and each branch is provided with an electric control valve 45 in signal connection with the control box 4. The branch connected with the oil storage tank can return to the oil tank after hydrocracking, so that the petroleum is subjected to a circulating reaction process, and the production efficiency of the gasoline and diesel of the batch of petroleum is improved. The density of the petroleum is detected by sampling, and when the density reaches a certain density, the petroleum is collected through a branch connected with a finished product oil tank and then separated to obtain light oil products such as gasoline, diesel oil and the like.

Specifically, a water cooler 46 is arranged on the outer wall of the oil guide pipe 19. The water cooler adopts circulating water cooling equipment to cool, so that the petroleum products after hydrocracking are collected at normal temperature.

Specifically, the heating device is an electric heater. The electric heating equipment is easy to adjust in temperature and uniform in heat, and the hydrocracking reaction of petroleum can be more uniformly carried out.

Specifically, the air inlet pipe 15 is located in the inner tank body 12, the air nozzle 47 is installed at one end of the air inlet pipe 15, the oil inlet pipe 16 is located in the inner tank body 12, the oil nozzle 48 is installed at one end of the oil inlet pipe 16, the air nozzle 47 and the oil nozzle 48 are arranged oppositely, so that hydrogen gas flow and ejected oil can be collided at a stable flow rate, and hydrogen gas and oil are mixed better, and the hydrocracking reaction efficiency of the oil is improved.

Example (b):

the control box of the device is an electric control cabinet with a built-in single chip microcomputer, when the device is used, firstly, filtered petroleum is introduced into an oil storage tank, then hydrogen is introduced into a reaction tank through a hydrogen pump, air in the reaction tank is discharged, then the reaction tank is heated by an electric heating device, when the temperature in the reaction tank reaches 700 ℃, and the pressure reaches 1.6MPa, the control box controls a heavy oil pump to supply oil to a reaction cavity, controls an electric control valve on a feeding pipe to be opened, slowly releases a catalyst between an air nozzle and an oil nozzle, at the moment, the hydrogen released by the air nozzle and the petroleum released by the oil nozzle are flushed with each other, and are mixed with the catalyst, and the reaction is carried out under the pressure and high-temperature environment. The reaction process can produce gases such as rich methane, ethylene and the like, hydrogen can be gradually enriched, meanwhile, the pressure of petroleum can be increased, when the pressure in the reaction tank exceeds 2.5MPa, the electric control valve of the gas guide pipe is opened, the gas is collected and then subjected to next separation treatment, when the petroleum liquid level in the reaction tank exceeds the height of an 1/2 outer tank body, the electric control valve of the oil guide pipe is opened, the petroleum is guided out, and when the petroleum liquid level is lower than the height of a 1/5 outer tank body, the electric control valve of the oil guide pipe is closed. The discharged petroleum is filtered out by the filter device, and then can be collected in the oil storage tank again or directly collected by the product oil tank. And collecting the filtered catalyst, burning at a high temperature, and burning the coke particles adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst to be clean for subsequent catalytic use. The temperature of the reaction is controlled between 700 ℃ and 1000 ℃.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a petroleum hydrocracking reaction unit, includes retort (1), hydrogen source (2), petroleum feeding device (3) and control box (4), characterized by: the reaction tank (1) comprises an outer tank body (11) and an inner tank body (12), a buffer cavity (13) is arranged between the inner tank body (12) and the outer tank body (11), a reaction cavity (14) is arranged in the inner tank body (12), an air inlet pipe (15), an oil inlet pipe (16) and an air inlet pipe (21) which penetrate through the outer tank body (11) and the inner tank body (12) are arranged on the reaction tank (1), the air inlet pipe (15) part and the oil inlet pipe (16) part in the reaction cavity (14) are arranged oppositely, the air inlet pipe (21) in the reaction cavity (14) is positioned between the air inlet pipe (15) and the oil inlet pipe (16), the air inlet pipe (21) is positioned at one end outside the reaction tank (1) and is provided with a sealing material adding tank (22), the top of the inner tank body (12) is provided with an air outlet (17), the bottom of the inner tank body (12) is provided with an oil outlet (18), the, the oil guide pipe (19) is connected with a filter (23) in series, the top of the outer tank body (11) is provided with an air guide pipe (20), a heating device (41) is arranged outside the outer tank body (11), a pressure sensor (42) and a temperature sensor (43) are arranged in the buffer cavity (13) and/or the inner tank body (12), a liquid level sensor (44) is arranged in the buffer cavity (13), the hydrogen source (2) is connected with an air inlet pipe (15), the petroleum supply device (3) is connected with an oil inlet pipe (16), the air inlet pipe (15), the oil inlet pipe (16), the oil guide pipe (19), the feed pipe (21) and the air guide pipe (20) are all provided with an electric control valve (44), the hydrogen source (2), the petroleum supply device (3), the heating equipment (41), the pressure sensor (42), the temperature sensor (43) and the liquid level sensor (44) are in signal connection with the control box (4).

2. The petroleum hydrocracking reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the outer tank body (11) and the inner tank body (12) are pressure tanks.

3. The petroleum hydrocracking reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the hydrogen source (2) is a high-pressure hydrogen pump.

4. The petroleum hydrocracking reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the petroleum supply device (3) comprises an oil storage tank (31) and a heavy oil pump (32), wherein the heavy oil pump (32) pumps petroleum in the oil storage tank (31) into the reaction cavity (14) through an oil inlet pipe (16).

5. The petroleum hydrocracking reaction apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: the oil guide pipe (19) is connected with a tee joint, the tee joint is positioned at the downstream of the filter (23), one branch is connected with the oil storage tank (31), the other branch is connected with the finished oil tank, and each branch is provided with an electric control valve (45) in signal connection with the control box (4).

6. The petroleum hydrocracking reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: and a water cooler (46) is arranged on the outer wall of the oil guide pipe (19).

7. The petroleum hydrocracking reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the heating device is an electric heater.

8. The reaction apparatus for hydrocracking petroleum according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the oil inlet pipe (15) is located in the inner tank body (12), one end of the air inlet pipe is provided with an air nozzle (47), one end of the oil inlet pipe (16) located in the inner tank body (12) is provided with an oil nozzle (48), and the air nozzle (47) and the oil nozzle (48) are arranged oppositely.