CN111331877B - Preparation method of variable-stiffness composite material spiral spring - Google Patents
Preparation method of variable-stiffness composite material spiral spring Download PDFInfo
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- CN111331877B CN111331877B CN202010096058.6A CN202010096058A CN111331877B CN 111331877 B CN111331877 B CN 111331877B CN 202010096058 A CN202010096058 A CN 202010096058A CN 111331877 B CN111331877 B CN 111331877B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
- B29C45/1418—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the inserts being deformed or preformed, e.g. by the injection pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/26—Moulds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
- B29C45/1418—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the inserts being deformed or preformed, e.g. by the injection pressure
- B29C2045/14237—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the inserts being deformed or preformed, e.g. by the injection pressure the inserts being deformed or preformed outside the mould or mould cavity
- B29C2045/14245—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the inserts being deformed or preformed, e.g. by the injection pressure the inserts being deformed or preformed outside the mould or mould cavity using deforming or preforming means outside the mould cavity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/774—Springs
- B29L2031/7742—Springs helical springs
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a variable-stiffness composite material spiral spring, which comprises the following process steps: 1) selecting materials: 2) preparing a preformed body: 3) and (3) curing and forming: 4) and post-curing and post-treating to finally obtain the variable-stiffness composite material spiral spring. The spring wire of the spring has variable diameter, variable middle warp and variable pitch and has gradual change characteristic. According to the preparation method of the variable-stiffness composite material helical spring, the variable-diameter preformed body of the composite material helical spring is formed by curling the carbon fiber prepreg, and the formed preformed body not only has continuous fibers, but also has gradient, and acts with the variable-diameter carbon fiber coating layer formed by weaving, so that the mechanical property of the variable-stiffness composite material helical spring is ensured.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to a preparation method of a variable-stiffness composite material spiral spring, which is applied to an automobile suspension and belongs to the technical field of spiral springs.
[ background of the invention ]
With the increasing severity of energy shortage and environmental pollution problems and the improvement of living standard of people, the light weight of automobiles becomes an important development trend of modern automobiles. The spiral spring is one of key parts of an automobile suspension system, and has direct influence on driving safety, and the operation stability and comfort of the whole automobile. The composite material helical spring is a helical spring made of fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material. On the premise of the same rigidity, the composite material spiral spring can be lighter than the metal spiral spring by more than 40%. In addition, the composite material has inherent characteristics of high specific strength and specific modulus, no rust, certain damping and the like, so that the energy storage capacity and the vibration attenuation capacity of the composite material are better than those of a metal spiral spring. Therefore, the composite material spiral spring has comprehensive performance obviously superior to that of a metal spiral spring and has good application prospect.
However, taking an automobile as an example, the working condition of the automobile in the driving process is complex, and the suspension needs to provide different rigidities according to the working condition requirements (such as no load and full load) respectively, so as to ensure the stability of the performance and the posture of the automobile body. However, the existing composite material spiral springs only have a certain rigidity value and cannot meet the rigidity changing requirement of the automobile suspension.
Therefore, in order to solve the above technical problems, it is necessary to provide an innovative manufacturing method of a variable stiffness composite material coil spring to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks in the prior art.
[ summary of the invention ]
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a variable-stiffness composite material spiral spring with simple process and convenient manufacture, and the prepared spiral spring not only has the advantages of light weight (weight reduction is more than 40%), integral forming of structural parts and the like, but also can obviously improve the performance of the whole vehicle.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a preparation method of a variable-stiffness composite material spiral spring comprises the following process steps:
1) selecting materials: selecting unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg and resin as manufacturing materials;
2) preparing a preformed body: firstly, cutting unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg into a shape which is suitable for the diameter-variable characteristic of the composite material helical spring; then, crimping the cut carbon fiber prepreg on a nylon rope or a rubber rope prepared in advance to form a variable-diameter preformed body, and tying the preformed body by using a binding tape; then, after the diameter-variable preforming body is fixed, the nylon rope or the rubber rope is drawn out; finally, the variable-diameter preformed body is arranged on a mandrel of a circular knitting machine, and a circular knitting machine is utilized to knit a variable-diameter carbon fiber coating layer on the surface of the variable-diameter preformed body;
3) and (3) curing and forming: after all the variable-diameter carbon fiber coating layers are woven out, winding the prepared preformed body on the inner die of the die according to a preset position; then, closing the outer mold, further injecting resin into the mold to enable the resin to fully infiltrate the preformed body, and selecting proper temperature and mold pressure according to the curing curve of the selected resin to enable the composite material helical spring to be cured and molded;
4) post-curing and post-treating: after the composite material helical spring is cured and molded and demoulded, putting the composite material helical spring into a constant temperature box for curing; and after the post-curing treatment is finished, deburring and polishing the composite material to obtain the variable-stiffness composite material spiral spring.
The preparation method of the variable-stiffness composite material spiral spring further comprises the following steps: in the step 1), the carbon fiber can be replaced by glass fiber.
The preparation method of the variable-stiffness composite material spiral spring further comprises the following steps: in the step 1), the resin is toughened epoxy resin, polyurethane resin or resin suitable for die pressing, pultrusion or RTM processes.
The preparation method of the variable-stiffness composite material spiral spring further comprises the following steps: in the step 2), the diameter of the nylon rope or the rubber rope is slightly larger than that of the mandrel of the annular braiding machine.
The preparation method of the variable-stiffness composite material spiral spring further comprises the following steps: and 2) gradually removing the binding bands on the variable-diameter preformed body along with the increase of the knitting feed amount in the knitting process.
The preparation method of the variable-stiffness composite material spiral spring further comprises the following steps: in the step 3), the inner mold of the mold consists of a plurality of inner mold modules.
The preparation method of the variable-stiffness composite material spiral spring further comprises the following steps: in the step 4), the curing temperature is 120 ℃, and the curing time is 2 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the preparation method of the variable-stiffness composite material helical spring, the variable-diameter preformed body of the composite material helical spring is formed by curling the carbon fiber prepreg, and the formed preformed body not only has continuous fibers, but also has gradient, and acts with the variable-diameter carbon fiber coating layer formed by weaving, so that the mechanical property of the variable-stiffness composite material helical spring is ensured.
2. The composite material spiral spring provided by the invention has the advantages that the composite material spiral spring has a reliable rigidity changing function by changing the diameter, the pitch diameter and the pitch, so that a vehicle type carrying the composite material spiral spring has the characteristic of rigidity changing of a suspension frame adapting to a typical working condition, the dynamic performance and the whole vehicle comfort of an automobile suspension frame are obviously improved, and the weight reduction can reach more than 40%.
3. The invention enables the diameter of the spring wire to be gradually increased and the screw pitch to be gradually increased, so that the phenomenon of inconsistent deformation of the spring body is eliminated by the design scheme that the middle diameter is simultaneously and gradually increased on the basis of gradually increasing the rigidity of the composite material spiral spring in the compression deformation process (namely the spring wire has the characteristics of gradual change in diameter, middle diameter and screw pitch), and finally the composite material spiral spring has the characteristics of gradually increasing the rigidity, good deformation coordination and uniform stress distribution, and finally the fatigue reliability of the composite material spiral spring is ensured.
[ description of the drawings ]
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a variable stiffness composite coil spring of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the shape of the carbon fiber prepreg in step 2) of the present invention after cutting.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the variable diameter preform forming process in step 2) of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the general structure of the mold in step 3) of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the inner mold stripping principle of the mold in step 3) of the present invention.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
Referring to the attached drawings 1 to 5 in the specification, the invention relates to a preparation method of a variable-stiffness composite material spiral spring, which comprises the following process steps:
1) selecting materials: the unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg and resin are selected as manufacturing materials. The carbon fiber can be replaced by glass fiber, and is determined according to the cost and performance requirements of the spring. The resin is toughened epoxy resin, polyurethane resin or resin suitable for die pressing, pultrusion or RTM processes, and has the characteristic of long curing period, so that sufficient time is reserved for various operations in the preparation process.
2) Preparing a preformed body:
first, unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg is cut into a shape suitable for the variable diameter characteristic of the composite coil spring, as shown in fig. 2.
Then, the cut carbon fiber prepreg is crimped on a nylon or rubber cord prepared in advance to form a variable diameter preform (as shown in fig. 3), and tied with a tape to prevent the carbon fiber prepreg from being scattered. And after the diameter-variable preforming body is fixed, drawing out the nylon rope or the rubber rope. Wherein, the diameter of the nylon rope or the rubber rope is slightly larger than the diameter of the mandrel of the circular knitting machine.
And finally, mounting the variable-diameter preformed body on a mandrel of a hoop knitting machine (the hoop knitting machine in the prior art), and knitting a variable-diameter carbon fiber coating layer on the surface of the variable-diameter preformed body by using the hoop knitting machine. In the weaving process, the binding bands on the variable-diameter pre-formed body are gradually removed along with the increase of the weaving feeding amount, and the annular restraint on the variable-diameter pre-formed body is realized through the woven variable-diameter carbon fiber coating layer.
3) And (3) curing and forming: and after all the variable-diameter carbon fiber coating layers are woven, winding the prepared preformed body on the inner die 1 of the die according to a preset position, wherein the shape of the die cavity corresponds to the designed structure shown in the figure 1. The mold is a combination mold, as shown in fig. 4. The inner mold 1 of the mold consists of a plurality of inner mold modules 2 and an inner mold core 4, as shown in fig. 5, so that the inner mold can be separated from the mold and recycled by sequentially taking out different modules of the inner mold.
And then, closing the outer die 3, further injecting resin into the die to enable the resin to fully infiltrate the preformed body, and selecting proper temperature and die pressure according to the curing curve of the selected resin to enable the composite material helical spring to be cured and molded.
4) Post-curing and post-treating: after the composite material helical spring is cured and molded and demoulded, putting the composite material helical spring into a constant temperature box for curing; and after the post-curing treatment is finished, deburring and polishing the composite material to obtain the variable-stiffness composite material spiral spring.
Wherein the curing temperature is 120 ℃, and the curing time is 2 hours.
The rigidity of the variable-rigidity composite material spiral spring prepared by the method is as follows:
in the formula, k is the rigidity of the spiral spring, G is the shear modulus of the material, do is the outer diameter of the spring wire, di is the inner diameter of the spring wire, and D is the intermediate diameter of the spiral spring; n is the effective number of turns, and n is related to the pitch of the screw on the premise that the height of the spiral spring is constant.
According to the rigidity formula, the rigidity changing characteristic of the composite material spiral spring can be realized through the structure of changing the diameter of the spring wire, the pitch diameter and the pitch. However, due to the fact that the single variable spring wire diameter, the variable pitch diameter or the variable pitch can cause the deformation difference of different areas of the spring body of the composite material spiral spring to be too large, stress concentration of the spring body is caused, and therefore the scheme of gradually changing the spring wire diameter, the gradually changing pitch diameter and the gradually changing pitch is adopted in the embodiment to eliminate the stress concentration phenomenon of the spring body.
Meanwhile, the rigidity of the spiral spring is increased along with the increase of the diameter of the spring wire; the rigidity of the spiral spring is increased along with the decrease of the middle warp; along with the reduction of effective number of turns, the rigidity of coil spring increases thereupon, and under the certain prerequisite of coil spring height, the increase of corresponding pitch of the reduction of effective number of turns. Therefore, increasing the wire diameter, decreasing the pitch diameter and increasing the pitch can increase the stiffness of the coil spring.
For an elastic element of an automobile suspension, the rigidity of the elastic element is generally required to be increased along with the increase of the load so as to ensure that the suspension deflection and the body posture are kept stable, and the characteristic that the rigidity is gradually increased in the compression deformation process of a composite material spiral spring is required. Since the stiffness of the coil spring is in a 4-power relationship with the diameter of the wire, the stiffness of the coil spring can be most effectively adjusted by adjusting the diameter of the wire. Therefore, the diameter of the wire of the variable-stiffness composite material spiral spring which is mainly used in the compression deformation process is continuously increased.
However, the introduction of a structural design measure (equal pitch and equal pitch diameter) for changing the diameter of the spring wire alone directly results in inconsistent deformation of the regions with smaller diameters at the two ends of the spring wire (which results in adjacent helical compression and contact), and causes the regions with smaller diameters at the two ends of the spring wire to have very high stress values and stress gradients, which seriously threatens the reliability of the composite material helical spring. Therefore, the invention enables the diameter of the spring wire to be gradually increased and the thread pitch to be gradually increased, so that on the basis of gradually increasing the rigidity of the composite material spiral spring in the compression deformation process, the phenomenon of inconsistent deformation of the spring body is eliminated through the design scheme of simultaneously and gradually increasing the middle diameter (namely the spring wire has gradual change characteristics of diameter change, middle warp change and thread pitch change), and finally the composite material spiral spring has the characteristic of gradually increasing the rigidity, also has good deformation coordination and uniform stress distribution characteristics, and finally ensures the fatigue reliability.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, which are not intended to limit the present disclosure, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like, which are within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure, should be included in the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of a variable-stiffness composite material spiral spring is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following process steps:
1) selecting materials: selecting unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg and resin as manufacturing materials;
2) preparing a preformed body: firstly, cutting unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg into a shape which is suitable for the diameter-variable characteristic of the composite material helical spring; then, crimping the cut carbon fiber prepreg on a nylon rope or a rubber rope prepared in advance to form a variable-diameter preformed body, and tying the preformed body by using a binding tape; then, after the diameter-variable preforming body is fixed, drawing out the nylon rope or the rubber rope; finally, the variable-diameter preformed body is arranged on a mandrel of a circular knitting machine, and a circular knitting machine is utilized to knit a variable-diameter carbon fiber coating layer on the surface of the variable-diameter preformed body;
the diameter of the nylon rope or the rubber rope is slightly larger than that of a mandrel of the annular braiding machine; in the knitting process, gradually removing the binding bands on the variable-diameter preform along with the increase of knitting feed amount;
3) and (3) curing and forming: after all the variable-diameter carbon fiber coating layers are woven out, winding the prepared preformed body on the inner die of the die according to a preset position; then, closing the outer mold, further injecting resin into the mold to enable the resin to fully infiltrate the preformed body, and selecting proper temperature and mold pressure according to the curing curve of the selected resin to enable the composite material helical spring to be cured and molded;
4) post-curing and post-treating: after the composite material helical spring is cured and molded and demoulded, putting the composite material helical spring into a constant temperature box for curing; after the post-curing treatment is finished, deburring and polishing the composite material to obtain the variable-stiffness composite material spiral spring; the curing temperature is 120 ℃, and the curing time is 2 hours;
the prepared variable-stiffness composite material spiral spring adopts a structure with gradually changed diameter of the spring wire, gradually changed middle diameter and gradually changed pitch, the diameter of the spring wire is gradually increased, and the pitch is gradually increased.
2. The method of manufacturing a variable stiffness composite helical spring as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the carbon fiber can be replaced by glass fiber.
3. The method for manufacturing a variable stiffness composite coil spring according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the step 1), the resin is toughened epoxy resin, polyurethane resin or resin suitable for die pressing, pultrusion or RTM processes.
4. The method of manufacturing a variable stiffness composite helical spring as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 3), the inner mold of the mold consists of a plurality of inner mold modules.
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| CN202010096058.6A CN111331877B (en) | 2020-02-17 | 2020-02-17 | Preparation method of variable-stiffness composite material spiral spring |
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| CN113427788B (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2022-08-26 | 浙江理工大学 | Preparation method of composite material arc-shaped spring for dual-mass flywheel |
| CN113619160B (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2023-04-25 | 浙江理工大学 | Preparation method of composite serpentine spring |
| CN113733593A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-12-03 | 浙江理工大学 | Preparation method and electrifying method of active variable-stiffness composite material arc spring |
| CN114872350A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-08-09 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing coil spring and variable pitch coil spring |
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