CN111329893B

CN111329893B - Formula, extraction equipment, preparation method and application of plant antipruritic substance

Info

Publication number: CN111329893B
Application number: CN202010336068.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈贤
Original assignee: Ganeng Biotechnology Shanghai Co ltd
Current assignee: Ganeng Biotechnology Shanghai Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-04-25
Filing date: 2020-04-25
Publication date: 2021-07-30
Anticipated expiration: 2040-04-25
Also published as: CN111329893A

Abstract

The invention discloses a formula of a plant antipruritic substance, extraction equipment, a preparation method and application, relates to the technical field of preparation of daily chemical raw materials, and solves the technical problems of difficult quality control, poor effect and low extraction efficiency of the traditional formula. A plant antipruritic composition contains 3 Chinese medicinal materials including gentian, large-leaf gentian root and swertia, has a synergistic antipruritic effect in a specific proportion, is simple in composition, easy to control components, stable and safe in components, is water-soluble in all components, and is convenient to use. The product of the invention has quick effect, convenient use, and effective effect on red swelling and slight inflammation while relieving itching, and uses special extraction and refining process to extract effective components to the maximum extent and reduce the dissolution of impurities; the purity of the effective components is improved by further removing impurities, so that the using addition amount is reduced; meanwhile, the intermediate process is controlled by a rapid detection method instead of the traditional extraction time to control the end point, so that a product with stable content of effective components is obtained.

Description

Formula, extraction equipment, preparation method and application of plant antipruritic substance

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of daily chemical raw materials, in particular to a formula, extraction equipment, a preparation method and application of a plant antipruritic substance.

Background

Skin itch refers to the phenomenon of skin itch caused by various stimuli, often accompanied by abnormal phenomena such as red swelling and inflammation, and further causing allergy, secondary microbial parasitism and even ulceration.

In Chinese patent publication No. CN102805825A, a medicine for treating skin pruritus and a preparation method thereof are disclosed, wherein fleece-flower root, sophora flower, paris rhizome, fried bitter orange, dried orange peel, cogongrass rhizome, fried spina date seed, cicada slough, cinnamon, dwarf lilyturf tuber, mulberry, gentian, glossy privet fruit, Chinese angelica, poria with hostwood, salvia miltiorrhiza, prepared rehmannia root, zaocys dhumnade, large-leaved gentian and black sesame are added with 1500 ml of water for soaking for 60 minutes, decocted with strong fire for 30 minutes, decocted with slow fire to 500 ml, and the decoction is averagely divided into 3 doses for oral administration. The preparation is administered 1 dose each time, 1 time in the morning and at night each day, 10 days as a treatment course, and two treatment courses are administered continuously. The preparation is administered to patients with severe pruritus by 1 dose each time, 1 dose each time in the morning, in the middle of the day and at night, and 10 days as a treatment course, wherein three treatment courses are continuously administered to treat pruritus cutanea.

The above patent not only uses complicated and various raw materials of medicinal materials, but also is not beneficial to controlling the quality of the raw materials and finished products; the processing method is rough and has no refining process; the obtained decoction is dark in color and is not suitable for the field of daily chemicals; there is no definite effective component and control method, and batch effect can not be guaranteed; the medicine is taken orally, has long taking period and is easy to add extra psychological burden to people, so a new scheme needs to be provided to solve the problems.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a formula of plant antipruritic element, which solves the technical problems and has the advantages of simple formula, easy component control, stable components and good and stable antipruritic effect.

In order to achieve the first purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the prescription of the plant antipruritic comprises the following components in parts by weight:

20-30 parts of gentian;

45-55 parts of gentiana macrophylla;

15-35 parts of swertia.

By adopting the technical scheme, the gentian has good inhibitory action on dermatophytes and has certain anti-tight effect; radix Gentianae Macrophyllae has effects of clearing heat, eliminating dampness, dispelling pathogenic wind, and relieving itching; the effective components in herba Swertiae Bimaculatae are absorbed by skin surface and decomposed to generate flos Daturae Metelis lactone, which can expand capillary vessel, activate or promote enzyme system of skin cell, and improve biochemical function of skin tissue. Meanwhile, the gentian, the gentiana macrophylla and the swertia davidi can play a good synergistic role, the efficacy of synergistic itching relieving is exerted, the formula is simple, the components are easy to control, the components are more stable, the product takes effect quickly, and the itching relieving effect is also realized on red swelling and slight inflammation.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide extraction equipment for extracting the formula of the plant antipruritic essence, when the extraction equipment is applied, the medicinal materials at any position in an extraction tank are soaked in a solvent at a proper temperature, effective components in the medicinal materials can fully enter the solvent, the extraction period is greatly shortened, and the extraction efficiency is effectively improved.

In order to achieve the second purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a plant itching relieving essence draws equipment, is including drawing jar, liquid storage pot and heater, the liquid storage pot, draw jar and heater loop through the pipeline and be linked together, just the intercommunication has the liquid pump on the pipeline, draw jar inside can dismantle and be provided with the medicine frame, the business turn over liquid department of drawing jar, liquid storage pot and heater is provided with the valve, be provided with the filter screen on the medicine frame lateral wall, draw and be provided with the circulation liquid import and the circulation liquid export that are linked together with the pipeline on the jar lateral wall, just circulation liquid import and circulation liquid export are linked together through the regulating tube, are provided with the ooff valve on the regulating tube, and the one end that the circulation liquid export was kept away from to the jar is provided with the pipe that is linked together with the pipeline, and is provided with the drain valve on the pipe, and the one end that the pipe is close to the pipeline is linked together with the heater through the connecting pipe, and is provided with the connecting valve on the connecting pipe.

By adopting the technical scheme, when extraction operation is carried out, firstly, a valve at the liquid inlet and outlet of the liquid storage tank, a valve at the liquid inlet of the heater and a connecting valve are opened, and a valve at the circulating liquid inlet, a switch valve and a liquid guide valve are closed, so that the solvent in the liquid storage tank flows to the liquid pump through a pipeline, the liquid pump pumps the flowing solvent back to the liquid storage tank through the heater, the circulation is repeated for many times, the solvent is heated to the required temperature, and the heated solvent flows back to the liquid storage tank through the pipeline, so that the preheating operation of the solvent is completed; after the solvent is preheated, opening a valve at the liquid inlet and outlet of the liquid storage tank, a valve at the liquid inlet of the heater, a valve at the circulating liquid inlet and a valve at the circulating liquid outlet, closing a connecting valve, a switch valve and a liquid guide valve, enabling the solvent to flow to a liquid pump through a pipeline, pumping the flowing solvent to an extraction tank through the heater by the liquid pump, reheating the flowing solvent by the heater to keep the temperature required, enabling the solvent to enter the extraction tank through the circulating liquid inlet and soak medicinal materials in a medicine frame, enabling an extracting solution containing plant antipruritic essence to flow to the circulating liquid outlet through a filter screen after soaking is finished, enabling the extracting solution to flow into the liquid storage tank through the pipeline, and finishing one forward extraction at the moment; after the forward extraction is finished, closing valves at a circulating liquid inlet and a circulating liquid outlet, opening a switch valve and a liquid guide valve, enabling the extracting solution to flow through the heater through the pipeline and the liquid pump again, enabling the extracting solution to enter the extracting tank from the circulating liquid outlet through the adjusting pipe again, soaking the medicinal materials in the medicine frames, enabling the extracting solution to flow into the pipeline through the guide pipe after the soaking is finished, and enabling the extracting solution to enter the liquid storage tank, and finishing one reverse extraction; through the alternative of forward extraction and reverse extraction, the medicinal material that makes in the jar of extracting arbitrary position department has all obtained the soaking of the solvent that is in suitable temperature, and in plant antipruritic element in the medicinal material can fully get into the solvent, shortened the extraction cycle greatly, effectively improved extraction efficiency, and the filter screen filters the extract, has effectively prevented to mix in the extract and has had the dregs of a decoction, has promoted extract finished product quality.

Further, draw jar inside and be provided with the honeycomb duct, be provided with a plurality of water conservancy diversion holes on the honeycomb duct lateral wall, the honeycomb duct is linked together with the circulation liquid export, the honeycomb duct is close to the one end of circulation liquid import and is provided with the apron, and the honeycomb duct wears to establish and set up on the apron, run through on the apron and be provided with a plurality of reposition of redundant personnel holes, the medicine frame is around setting up around the honeycomb duct, the filter screen sets up in a lateral wall that the medicine frame is close to the honeycomb duct.

By adopting the technical scheme, when the forward extraction is carried out, the solvent flows into the extraction tank through the circulating liquid inlet and enters the medicine frame through the flow guide hole on the cover plate; after the medicinal materials are soaked by the solvent, the formed extracting solution enters the flow guide pipe through the filter screen on the side wall of the medicine frame and the flow guide holes on the side wall of the flow guide pipe and flows into the circulating liquid outlet through the flow guide pipe; when the reverse extraction is carried out, the solvent enters the flow guide pipe through the circulating liquid outlet and enters the medicine frame through the flow guide holes on the flow guide pipe to soak the medicinal materials, and after the soaking is finished, the extracting solution flows into the flow guide pipe through the flow distribution holes on the cover plate; so set up for the solvent gets into can through the diversion hole on the apron and the even flow of water conservancy diversion hole on the honeycomb duct to the medicine frame in, it is not abundant to result in the medicinal material to soak because of the maldistribution when having avoided the solvent to enter the medicine frame, simultaneously, is favorable to collecting the extract, has promoted collection efficiency.

Further, be provided with the drainage groove on the apron, the drainage groove includes annular portion and dredges the portion of leading, just the diffluence orifice sets up in drainage groove bottom position department.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when the solvent passes through circulation liquid import and flows in and draw the jar, the drainage groove can be collected the solvent and drainage to reposition of redundant personnel hole department, has further guaranteed in the even inflow medicine frame of solvent, and can accelerate the speed that the solvent passes through the apron and enters into the medicine frame.

Furthermore, a support table is arranged at one end of the flow guide pipe close to the circulating liquid outlet, the medicine frame is arranged on the support table in an abutting mode, and a first sealing ring is arranged at the abutting position of the support table and the medicine frame; and a second sealing ring and a third sealing ring are respectively arranged on the side wall of the cover plate close to the extraction tank and the side wall of the cover plate close to the guide pipe.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when the extract flows between medicine frame and honeycomb duct, sealing washer one can prevent that the extract in the gap between medicine frame and the honeycomb duct from leaking outside the honeycomb duct through the gap of the butt department of brace table with the medicine frame to avoid because of the unable waste that gets into the liquid storage pot and lead to through the circulation liquid export of the extract of revealing. When the solvent enters the extraction tank through the circulating liquid inlet, the second sealing ring can prevent the solvent from flowing to the outside of the medicine frame through a gap between the cover plate and the side edge of the extraction tank, and the third sealing ring can prevent the solvent from directly flowing into the flow guide pipe through the gap between the cover plate and the flow guide pipe without entering the medicine frame; so set up, guaranteed that the solvent is whole to enter the medicine frame, be favorable to make full use of solvent, improve finished product output.

Furthermore, the cover plate can be detachably covered at one end of the medicine frame close to the circulating liquid inlet, and the cover plate is provided with a hanging ring.

By adopting the technical scheme, when the medicine frame needs to be taken out, the medicine frame can be lifted out of the extraction tank by lifting the lifting ring; by the arrangement, the operation of taking out the medicine frame is simplified.

Further, the one end of drawing the jar and keeping away from the circulation liquid export is provided with and draws the cover that jar adaptation covered, the one end that the jar was kept away from to the cover is provided with the rotor arm, the rotor arm is articulated with the cover, draw and fixedly on the jar lateral wall be provided with the support frame, the articulated driving piece one that is provided with of one end that the support frame is close to the cover, the one end that the cover was kept away from to the rotor arm is articulated to be set up with the driving piece, draw the fixed mount that is provided with of jar lateral wall, the one end that the mount is close to the.

By adopting the technical scheme, when the tank cover needs to be opened or closed, the first driving part is started, the first driving part drives one end, connected with the rotating arm and the driving room, of the rotating arm to move towards the direction far away from the tank cover, so that the rotating arm rotates by taking the hinged part of the fixed frame and the driving arm as a pivot, and the rotating arm lifts the tank cover hinged with the rotating arm away from the extraction tank or falls down to cover the opening of the extraction tank through rotation; so set up for it is more high-efficient when opening or closing the cover, simultaneously, when drawing jar inside when circulating and drawing, driving piece one can drive the rotor arm and make the cover tightly with draw the laminating of jar uncovered department, avoided the extract to reveal.

Further, the lateral wall edge that the pivoted department of rotor arm and cover was kept away from to the cover is provided with the lug, draw a jar lateral wall be provided with the boss that lug looks adaptation covered, the boss with be provided with sealing washer four on the lateral wall of lug looks butt, the one end that the cover was kept away from to the boss is provided with the buckle.

By adopting the technical scheme, when the tank cover is closed, the lug on the tank cover is matched and covered with the boss on the extraction tank, and the lug and the boss are tightly clamped by the buckle on the extraction tank; so set up, further improved the leakproofness of extracting the jar.

The third object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a formulation of plant anti-pruritic agents, which uses the extraction apparatus for extracting a formulation of plant anti-pruritic agents as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 8, and the plant anti-pruritic agents prepared by the method have a simple formulation, easily controlled components, stable components, and can exert good and stable anti-pruritic effects.

In order to achieve the third purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:

step one, placing raw materials: taking 20-30 parts of gentian according to the corresponding parts by weight; 45-55 parts of gentiana macrophylla; 15-35 parts of swertia pseudochinensis and placing in a medicine box in an extraction tank;

step two, preheating a solvent: firstly, opening a valve at the liquid outlet of a liquid storage tank and a valve at the liquid inlet of a heater, enabling a solvent in the liquid storage tank to flow to a liquid pump through a pipeline, pumping the flowing solvent into the heater by the liquid pump, heating the solvent by the heater and flowing the heated solvent into the liquid storage tank through the valve and the pipeline, and circularly heating to finish the preheating operation of the solvent;

step three, forward extraction: after the solvent is preheated, opening a valve at the liquid inlet and outlet of the liquid storage tank, a valve at the liquid inlet of the heater, a valve at the circulating liquid inlet and a valve at the circulating liquid outlet, closing a connecting valve, a switch valve and a liquid guide valve, enabling the solvent to flow to a liquid pump through a pipeline, pumping the flowing solvent to an extraction tank through the heater by the liquid pump, reheating the flowing solvent by the heater to keep the temperature required, enabling the solvent to enter the extraction tank through the circulating liquid inlet and soak medicinal materials in a medicine frame, enabling an extracting solution containing plant antipruritic essence to flow to the circulating liquid outlet through a filter screen after soaking is finished, enabling the extracting solution to flow into the liquid storage tank through the pipeline, and finishing one forward extraction at the moment;

step four, reverse extraction: after the forward extraction is finished, the extracting solution reaches the heater through the pipeline and the liquid pump again, the heater heats the extracting solution again, after the heating is finished, a valve of a liquid outlet of the heater and a valve on the adjusting pipe are opened, the extracting solution enters the extracting tank again from a circulating liquid outlet through the adjusting pipe and is used for soaking medicinal materials in the medicine frame, after the soaking is finished, a liquid guide valve at the position of the guide pipe and a valve at an inlet of the liquid storage tank are opened, the extracting solution flows into the pipeline through the guide pipe and enters the liquid storage tank, and then, one-time reverse extraction is finished;

step five, alternately extracting: alternately carrying out forward extraction and reverse extraction, filtering with a micron ceramic membrane, filtering with an ultrafiltration membrane, filtering the permeated liquid with a nanofiltration membrane, and filtering the trapped liquid to obtain the prescription of the plant antipruritic.

By adopting the technical scheme, the medicinal materials are quickly soaked by the solvent through positive pressure extraction; by reverse extraction, the negative influence of medicinal material accumulation on extraction caused by long-time positive pressure extraction is eliminated, a pulse-like effect is formed alternately with positive extraction, the extraction rate is further enhanced, the concentration gradient difference is effectively broken, and the extraction is promoted; compared with the traditional extraction tank, the solvent tank is arranged externally, so that the medicinal materials are more fully contacted with the solvent in the extraction tank in unit time, and the extraction rate is higher; the solvent flows in the tank in radial direction, so that the phenomena of wall flow and short circuit can be prevented, and the extraction efficiency is improved. When in use, compared with the traditional decoction or stirring extraction, the method has the advantages of short extraction time, more uniform heating and more energy saving; the extraction is carried out after preheating, the extraction efficiency is improved, the heating time is shortened to the maximum extent, and the dissolution of impurities and the decomposition of heat-sensitive components are reduced; in the forward or reverse process, the medicinal materials form a filter layer, and the crude filtration is carried out while the extraction is carried out, so that the realization of the subsequent membrane filtration is facilitated.

The invention also aims to provide the application of the formula of the plant antipruritic in the field of daily chemicals.

In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the gentian, the gentiana macrophylla and the swertia davidii can play a good synergistic role, the efficacy of synergistic itching relieving is exerted, the formula is simple, the components are easy to control, the components are more stable, the product takes effect quickly, and the itching relieving effect is realized while the red swelling and slight inflammation are also realized;

(2) the medicinal materials are quickly soaked by the solvent through positive pressure extraction; by reverse extraction, the negative influence of medicinal material accumulation on extraction caused by long-time positive pressure extraction is eliminated, and a pulse-like effect is formed alternately with the positive extraction, so that the extraction rate is further enhanced;

(3) compared with the traditional decoction or stirring extraction, the extraction time is short, the heating is more uniform, the energy is more saved, the extraction is carried out after preheating, the integral extraction efficiency is improved, the heating time is shortened to the maximum extent, the dissolution of impurities and the decomposition of heat-sensitive components are reduced, and the integral quality of the prescription of the plant antipruritic essence can be greatly improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of an extraction apparatus for extracting a formulation of plant antipruritic substances according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an extraction apparatus for extracting a formulation of phytoncides in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a cover plate of the extraction apparatus for extracting a formulation of phytoncin according to the present invention.

Reference numerals: 1. an extraction tank; 2. a liquid storage tank; 3. a liquid pump; 4. a heater; 5. a valve; 6. a pipeline; 7. a can lid; 8. a rotating arm; 9. a fixed mount; 10. a support frame; 11. a first driving part; 12. an adjusting tube; 13. an on-off valve; 14. A circulating liquid outlet; 15. a circulating liquid inlet; 16. a conduit; 17. a liquid guide valve; 18. a bump; 19. a boss; 20. buckling; 21. a fourth sealing ring; 22. a flow guide pipe; 23. a second sealing ring; 24. a cover plate; 25. a medicine frame; 26. filtering with a screen; 27. a support table; 28. a first sealing ring; 29. a flow guide hole; 30. a hoisting ring; 31. a drainage groove; 311. an annular portion; 312. a leading part; 32. A shunt hole; 33. a third sealing ring; 34. a stabilizer frame; 341. a circular frame; 342. a cross bar; 35. a bearing; 36. rotating the fixed frame; 37. a drainage tube; 38. helical bevel gear wheels; 39. a driving part II; 40. a chassis; 41. a connecting pipe; 42. and connecting a valve.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the extraction device of plant antipruritic substance disclosed by the invention comprises a liquid storage tank 2, an extraction tank 1, a liquid pump 3 and a heater 4, wherein the liquid storage tank 2, the extraction tank 1, the liquid pump 3 and the heater 4 are communicated with each other through a pipeline 6, valves 5 are arranged at liquid inlet and outlet positions of the liquid storage tank 2, the extraction tank 1 and the heater 4, and the space for loading medicinal materials in the extraction tank 1 is greatly improved through the external liquid storage tank 2 and the external heater 4, meanwhile, the temperature of the extracting solution is favorably controlled, and the solid-to-liquid ratio in the extraction tank 1 is favorably and flexibly adjusted.

One end of the extraction tank 1 is provided with a circular tank cover 7, the tank cover 7 can be covered at the opening of the extraction tank 1 in a matching way, one end of the tank cover 7 far away from the extraction tank 1 is eccentrically and vertically provided with a guide pipe 16 in a penetrating way, the guide pipe 16 is connected with the liquid storage tank 2 through a pipeline 6, the joint of the guide pipe 16 and the pipeline 6 is provided with a liquid guide valve 17, one end of the guide pipe 16 close to the pipeline 6 is communicated with the heater 4 through a connecting pipe 41, and the connecting pipe 41 is provided with a connecting valve 42; draw fixed circulation liquid import 15 that is provided with of jar 1 lateral wall, circulation liquid import 15 is located the bayonet socket and keeps away from the one end of cover 7, circulation liquid import 15 is provided with valve 5, and circulation liquid import 15 will draw 1 inside and pipeline 6 of jar and be linked together, 1 bottom wall vertical fixation of jar of drawing is provided with circulation liquid export 14, circulation liquid export 14 is provided with valve 5, circulation liquid export 14 is located through pipeline 6 with the 2 feed liquors of liquid storage pot and is linked together, and circulation liquid export 14 is linked together through regulating tube 12 with circulation liquid import 15, be provided with ooff valve 13 on the regulating tube 12. When the forward extraction is carried out, the extracting solution enters the extracting tank 1 through the circulating solution inlet 15, and flows out of the extracting tank 1 through the circulating solution outlet 14 after the extraction is finished; when the reverse extraction is carried out, the extracting solution flows through the regulating pipe 12 and enters the extracting tank 1 through the circulating solution outlet 14, and after the extraction is finished, the extracting solution flows out of the extracting tank 1 through the conduit 16; the arrangement is favorable for alternate forward and reverse extraction processes, so that the plant antipruritic essence is fully leached.

A rotating arm 8 is arranged at one end, far away from the extraction tank 1, of the tank cover 7, the rotating arm 8 is hinged with the tank cover 7, the hinged position of the rotating arm 8 and the tank cover 7 is located at the position of the circle center of the tank cover 7, a 'one' type supporting frame 10 is fixedly arranged on the outer side wall of the extraction tank 1, one end, close to the tank cover 7, of the supporting frame 10 is hinged with a driving piece one 11, in the present case, the driving piece one 11 is preferably an air cylinder, one end, far away from the tank cover 7, of the rotating arm 8 is hinged with a push-pull rod on the air cylinder, an 'L' type fixing frame 9 is arranged at one end, close to the tank cover 7, of the supporting frame 10, the horizontal part of the fixing frame 9 is fixedly connected with the extraction tank 1, and the vertical part of the fixing frame 9 is hinged with the middle position of the rotating arm 8; when the tank cover 7 is opened and closed, firstly, the cylinder is started, the cylinder drives one end of the rotating arm 8 connected with the push-pull rod to move towards the direction far away from the tank cover 7, so that the rotating arm 8 rotates by taking the hinged part of the fixed frame 9 and the active arm as a pivot, and the rotating arm 8 lifts the tank cover 7 hinged with the rotating arm to be far away from or falls down to cover the opening of the extraction tank 1 through rotation; so arranged, it is more efficient to open or close the can lid 7.

An annular convex block 18 is arranged on the edge of the side wall of the tank cover 7 far away from the hinged part of the rotating arm 8 and the tank cover 7, an annular convex block 19 which is matched and covered with the convex block 18 is arranged on the outer side wall of the extraction tank 1, a sealing ring IV 21 is arranged on the side wall of the convex block 19 close to the convex block 18, and a buckle 20 is arranged at one end of the convex block 19 far away from the tank cover 7; the joint of buckle 20 is favorable to making cover 7 inseparabler with draw jar 1 butt, has promoted the seal that draws jar 1.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, a cylindrical guide pipe 22 is coaxially arranged in the extraction tank 1, the guide pipe 22 is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the bottom of the extraction tank 1, the guide pipe 22 is communicated with the circulating liquid outlet 14, a circular support table 27 is coaxially and fixedly arranged at the bottom of the guide pipe 22, a first seal ring 28 is arranged on one side wall of the support table 27 close to the cover plate 24, and a plurality of circular guide holes 29 are uniformly formed in one end of the guide pipe 22, close to the circulating liquid inlet 15, of the support table 27; the periphery side wall of the draft tube 22 is surrounded by a detachable cylindrical medicine frame 25, the draft tube 22 coaxially penetrates through the medicine frame 25, and the bottom side wall of the medicine frame 25 is abutted to a support table 27 on the draft tube 22 through a first sealing ring 28; a cylindrical filter screen 26 is arranged on one side wall of the medicine frame 25 close to the draft tube 22, and the filter screen 26 is abutted with the side wall of the draft tube 22 where the draft holes 29 are located. Through the medicine frame 25 that can dismantle the setting, be favorable to simplifying to throw the material and go out the slag operation, filter screen 26 on the medicine frame 25 is favorable to avoiding the dregs of a decoction to sneak into the extract, has promoted the quality of extract. Meanwhile, the flow guide pipe 22 is beneficial to collecting the extracting solution, and the flow rate of the extracting solution is improved.

A circular cover plate 24 is coaxially arranged at one end, close to the tank cover 7, of the medicine frame 25, the medicine frame 25 is in threaded connection with the cover plate 24, a through shaft of the draft tube 22 penetrates through the cover plate 24, a drainage groove 31 is formed in the cover plate 24, the drainage groove 31 comprises an annular portion 311 and four rectangular dredging portions 312, the annular portion 311 and the cover plate 24 are coaxially arranged, a forty-five-degree angle is formed between every two adjacent dredging portions 312 and is arranged around the annular portion 311, and a plurality of shunting holes 32 are uniformly and vertically arranged at the bottom of the drainage groove 31 in a penetrating mode; so set up, be favorable to the solvent can evenly spread to the medicinal material surface in the medicine frame 25, avoided the solvent to wash away in the medicinal material of certain position concentratedly and lead to the medicinal material to soak insufficiently.

The cover plate 24 is provided with two rings 30 close to one end of the tank cover 7 in a vertical fixed mode, the two rings 30 are respectively arranged between the two adjacent guide parts 312, the cover plate 24 is provided with a second sealing ring 23 close to the side wall of the extraction tank 1, the cover plate 24 is abutted against the inner wall of the extraction tank 1 through the second sealing ring 23, and the second sealing ring 23 prevents the extraction liquid from leaking through a gap between the cover plate 24 and the extraction tank 1. A third sealing ring 33 is arranged on the side wall of the cover plate 24 close to the draft tube 22, the cover plate 24 is abutted against the draft tube 22 through the third sealing ring 33, and the third sealing ring 33 prevents the extracting solution from leaking through a gap between the cover plate 24 and the draft tube 22; and the lifting ring 30 on the cover plate 24 makes the medicine frame 25 more convenient to take and place.

Example 1: the formula of the plant antipruritic is prepared by using the extraction equipment for extracting the formula of the plant antipruritic and through the following steps:

step one, placing raw materials: taking 20 parts of gentian according to the corresponding parts by weight; 45 parts of gentiana macrophylla; 35 parts of swertia davidi and placing in a medicine box in an extraction tank;

step two, preheating a solvent: firstly, opening a valve at the liquid outlet of a liquid storage tank and a valve at the liquid inlet of a heater, enabling a solvent in the liquid storage tank to flow to a liquid pump through a pipeline, pumping the flowing solvent into the heater by the liquid pump, heating the solvent by the heater and flowing the heated solvent into the liquid storage tank through the valve and the pipeline, circularly heating to finish the preheating operation of the solvent, and preheating the solvent to 60 ℃;

step three, forward extraction: after the solvent is preheated, opening a valve at the liquid inlet and outlet of the liquid storage tank, a valve at the liquid inlet of the heater, a valve at the circulating liquid inlet and a valve at the circulating liquid outlet, closing a connecting valve, a switch valve and a liquid guide valve, enabling the solvent to flow to a liquid pump through a pipeline, pumping the flowing solvent to an extraction tank through the heater by the liquid pump, reheating the flowing solvent by the heater to keep the temperature required, enabling the solvent to enter the extraction tank through the circulating liquid inlet and soak the medicinal materials in the medicine frame, enabling an extracting solution containing plant antipruritic essence to flow to the circulating liquid outlet through a filter screen after soaking is finished, enabling the extracting solution to flow into the liquid storage tank through the pipeline, finishing one-time forward extraction at the moment, adding the solvent 12 times of the weight of the medicinal materials, enabling the extraction temperature to be 60 ℃, enabling the extraction time to be 40min, and enabling the pressure in the extraction tank to be 3 bar;

step four, reverse extraction: after the forward extraction is finished, the extracting solution reaches the heater through the pipeline and the liquid pump again, the heater heats the extracting solution again, after the heating is finished, a valve of a liquid outlet of the heater and a valve on the regulating pipe are opened, the extracting solution enters the extracting tank again from a circulating liquid outlet through the regulating pipe and is used for soaking medicinal materials in the medicine frame, after the soaking is finished, a liquid guide valve at the position of the guide pipe and a valve at an inlet of the liquid storage tank are opened, the extracting solution flows into the pipeline and enters the liquid storage tank through the guide pipe, the reverse extraction is finished at the moment, the extraction temperature is 60 ℃, the extraction time is 10min, and the pressure in the extracting tank is 1 bar;

step five, alternately extracting: alternately carrying out forward extraction and reverse extraction, finishing the alternate extraction, and rapidly detecting the chromaticity of the sample by using an iodine color scale of a spectrocolorimeter, wherein the chromaticity value is 79; diluting the sample by 50 times, and rapidly detecting the absorbance at 250nm and the absorbance value of 1.0566 by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer; filtering with 0.2 micrometer ceramic membrane, filtering with 5000D ultrafiltration membrane, filtering the permeate with 300D nanofiltration membrane, and collecting the retentate to obtain plant antipruritic composition.

Note: in the above operation process, the extraction end point is judged: rapidly detecting the chromaticity of a sample by using an iodine color scale of a spectrum colorimeter, wherein the chromaticity value is required to be 75-85; diluting the sample by 50 times, rapidly detecting the absorbance at 250nm by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, requiring the absorbance value to be 1.0000-1.1000, satisfying the two conditions simultaneously, and stopping extracting; the extraction solvent is 60% propylene glycol aqueous solution.

Example 2: the composition of the plant antipruritic element is different from the first embodiment in that the plant antipruritic element is prepared by the following steps:

step one, placing raw materials: taking 30 parts of gentian according to the corresponding parts by weight; 55 parts of gentiana macrophylla; 15 parts of swertia davidi and placing in a medicine box in an extraction tank;

step two, preheating a solvent: firstly, opening a valve at the liquid outlet of a liquid storage tank and a valve at the liquid inlet of a heater, enabling a solvent in the liquid storage tank to flow to a liquid pump through a pipeline, pumping the flowing solvent into the heater by the liquid pump, heating the solvent by the heater and flowing the heated solvent into the liquid storage tank through the valve and the pipeline, circularly heating to finish the preheating operation of the solvent, and preheating the solvent to 80 ℃;

step three, forward extraction: after the solvent is preheated, opening a valve at the liquid inlet and outlet of the liquid storage tank, a valve at the liquid inlet of the heater, a valve at the circulating liquid inlet and a valve at the circulating liquid outlet, closing a connecting valve, a switch valve and a liquid guide valve, enabling the solvent to flow to a liquid pump through a pipeline, pumping the flowing solvent to an extraction tank through the heater by the liquid pump, reheating the flowing solvent by the heater to keep the temperature required, enabling the solvent to enter the extraction tank through the circulating liquid inlet and soak the medicinal materials in the medicine frame, after the soaking is finished, enabling an extracting solution containing plant antipruritic essence to flow to the circulating liquid outlet through a filter screen, enabling the extracting solution to flow into the liquid storage tank through the pipeline, finishing one-time forward extraction at the moment, adding the solvent which is 10 times of the weight of the medicinal materials, wherein the extraction temperature is 80 ℃, the extraction time is 20min, and the pressure in the extraction tank is 2 bar;

step four, reverse extraction: after the forward extraction is finished, the extracting solution reaches the heater through the pipeline and the liquid pump again, the heater heats the extracting solution again, after the heating is finished, a valve of a liquid outlet of the heater and a valve on the regulating pipe are opened, the extracting solution enters the extracting tank again from a circulating liquid outlet through the regulating pipe and is used for soaking medicinal materials in the medicine frame, after the soaking is finished, a liquid guide valve at the position of the guide pipe and a valve at an inlet of the liquid storage tank are opened, the extracting solution flows into the pipeline and enters the liquid storage tank through the guide pipe, the reverse extraction is finished at the moment, the extraction temperature is 80 ℃, the extraction time is 5min, and the pressure in the extracting tank is 0.5 bar;

step five, alternately extracting: alternately carrying out forward extraction and reverse extraction, finishing the alternate extraction, and rapidly detecting the chromaticity of the sample by using an iodine color scale of a spectrocolorimeter, wherein the chromaticity value is 77; diluting the sample by 50 times, and rapidly detecting the absorbance at 250nm and the absorbance value of 1.0482 by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer; filtering with 0.2 micrometer ceramic membrane, filtering with 5000D ultrafiltration membrane, filtering the permeate with 300D nanofiltration membrane, and collecting the retentate to obtain plant antipruritic composition.

Note: the solvent used in the above procedure was a 40% aqueous solution of propylene glycol.

Example 3: the composition of the plant antipruritic essence is different from the composition of the embodiment 1 in that the plant antipruritic essence is prepared by the following steps:

step one, placing raw materials: taking 25 parts of gentian in corresponding parts by weight; 50 parts of gentiana macrophylla; 25 parts of swertia davidi and placing in a medicine box in an extraction tank;

step two, preheating a solvent: firstly, opening a valve at the liquid outlet of a liquid storage tank and a valve at the liquid inlet of a heater, enabling a solvent in the liquid storage tank to flow to a liquid pump through a pipeline, pumping the flowing solvent into the heater by the liquid pump, heating the solvent by the heater and flowing the heated solvent into the liquid storage tank through the valve and the pipeline, circularly heating to finish the preheating operation of the solvent, and preheating the solvent to 70 ℃;

step three, forward extraction: after the solvent is preheated, opening a valve at the liquid inlet and outlet of the liquid storage tank, a valve at the liquid inlet of the heater, a valve at the circulating liquid inlet and a valve at the circulating liquid outlet, closing a connecting valve, a switch valve and a liquid guide valve, enabling the solvent to flow to a liquid pump through a pipeline, pumping the flowing solvent to an extraction tank through the heater by the liquid pump, reheating the flowing solvent by the heater to keep the temperature required, enabling the solvent to enter the extraction tank through the circulating liquid inlet and soak the medicinal materials in the medicine frame, enabling an extracting solution containing plant antipruritic essence to flow to the circulating liquid outlet through a filter screen after soaking is finished, enabling the extracting solution to flow into the liquid storage tank through the pipeline, finishing one-time forward extraction at the moment, adding 11 times of the weight of the medicinal materials into the extracting tank, enabling the extracting temperature to be 70 ℃, enabling the extracting time to be 30min, and enabling the pressure in the extraction tank to be 2.5 bar;

step four, reverse extraction: after the forward extraction is finished, the extracting solution reaches the heater through the pipeline and the liquid pump again, the heater heats the extracting solution again, after the heating is finished, a valve of a liquid outlet of the heater and a valve on the regulating pipe are opened, the extracting solution enters the extracting tank again from a circulating liquid outlet through the regulating pipe and is used for soaking medicinal materials in the medicine frame, after the soaking is finished, a liquid guide valve at the position of the guide pipe and a valve at an inlet of the liquid storage tank are opened, the extracting solution flows into the pipeline and enters the liquid storage tank through the guide pipe, the reverse extraction is finished at the moment, the extraction temperature is 70 ℃, the extraction time is 8min, and the pressure in the extracting tank is 0 bar;

step five, alternately extracting: alternately carrying out forward extraction and reverse extraction, finishing the alternate extraction, and rapidly detecting the chromaticity of the sample by using an iodine color scale of a spectrocolorimeter, wherein the chromaticity value is 81; diluting the sample by 50 times, and rapidly detecting the absorbance at 250nm and the absorbance value of 1.0701 by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer; filtering with 0.2 micrometer ceramic membrane, filtering with 5000D ultrafiltration membrane, filtering the permeate with 300D nanofiltration membrane, and collecting the retentate to obtain plant antipruritic composition.

Note: the solvent used in the above procedure was a 50% aqueous solution of propylene glycol.

Example 4: the composition of the plant antipruritic essence is different from the composition of the embodiment 1 in that the plant antipruritic essence is prepared by the following steps:

step three, forward extraction: after the solvent is preheated, opening a valve at the liquid inlet and outlet of the liquid storage tank, a valve at the liquid inlet of the heater, a valve at the circulating liquid inlet and a valve at the circulating liquid outlet, closing a connecting valve, a switch valve and a liquid guide valve, enabling the solvent to flow to a liquid pump through a pipeline, pumping the flowing solvent to an extraction tank through the heater by the liquid pump, reheating the flowing solvent by the heater to keep the temperature required, enabling the solvent to enter the extraction tank through the circulating liquid inlet and soak the medicinal materials in the medicine frame, enabling an extracting solution containing plant antipruritic essence to flow to the circulating liquid outlet through a filter screen after soaking is finished, enabling the extracting solution to flow into the liquid storage tank through the pipeline, finishing one-time forward extraction at the moment, adding 11 times of the weight of the medicinal materials into the extracting tank, enabling the extracting temperature to be 60 ℃, enabling the extracting time to be 40min, and enabling the pressure in the extraction tank to be 3 bar;

Note: the solvent used in the above procedure was a 50% aqueous solution of butanediol.

Example 5: the composition of the plant antipruritic essence is different from the composition of the embodiment 1 in that the plant antipruritic essence is prepared by the following steps:

Note: the solvent used in the operation process is obtained by mixing 25% of propylene glycol aqueous solution and 25% of butanediol aqueous solution according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.

Comparative example 1: the composition of the plant antipruritic essence is different from the composition of the embodiment 1 in that the plant antipruritic essence is prepared by the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: taking 20 parts of gentian, 45 parts of gentiana macrophylla and 35 parts of swertia davidii, and adding a solvent which is a 60% propylene glycol aqueous solution and is 12 times of the weight of the medicinal materials;

step two: decocting in water bath at 80 deg.C for 3 hr;

step three: and (3) performing solid-liquid separation on the feed liquid in the step (2) by using a straight tube centrifuge at the rotating speed of 2 ten thousand rpm to obtain supernatant, namely the formula of the plant antipruritic essence.

Comparative example 2: the composition of the plant antipruritic essence is different from the composition of the embodiment 1 in that the plant antipruritic essence is prepared by the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: taking 20 parts of gentian, 45 parts of gentiana macrophylla and 35 parts of swertia davidi, crushing and sieving by a 80-mesh sieve, and adding a solvent which is a 60% propylene glycol aqueous solution and is 12 times of the weight of the medicinal materials;

step two: stirring and extracting for 3h at 60 ℃;

Comparative example 3: the composition of the plant antipruritic essence is different from the composition of the embodiment 1 in that the plant antipruritic essence is prepared by the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: adding a solvent which is 12 times of the weight of medicinal materials into 30 parts of gentiana scabra bunge, 35 parts of gentiana macrophylla and 35 parts of swertia davidii, wherein the solvent is a 60% propylene glycol aqueous solution;

step two: extracting at 60 deg.C for 3 hr;

Comparative example 4: the composition of the plant antipruritic essence is different from the composition of the embodiment 1 in that the step five is specifically set as alternately extracting: alternately carrying out forward extraction and reverse extraction, finishing the alternate extraction, and rapidly detecting the chromaticity of the sample by using an iodine color scale of a spectrocolorimeter, wherein the chromaticity value is 79; diluting the sample by 50 times, and rapidly detecting the absorbance at 250nm and the absorbance value of 1.0566 by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer to obtain the formula of the plant antipruritic essence.

Comparative example 5: the composition of the plant antipruritic essence is different from the composition of the embodiment 1 in that the step one is specifically set as follows: taking 15 parts of gentian according to the corresponding parts by weight; 40 parts of gentiana macrophylla; and 45 parts of swertia pseudochinensis and placing in a medicine box in an extraction tank.

Comparative example 6: the composition of the plant antipruritic essence is different from the composition of the embodiment 1 in that the step one is specifically set as follows: taking 35 parts of gentian according to the corresponding parts by weight; 60 parts of gentiana macrophylla; 5 parts of swertia pseudochinensis and placing in a medicine box in an extraction tank.

And (3) effect verification experiment:

1. antipruritic-animal test method

Test subjects: each group of 10 guinea pigs, half male and female, 250-300 g

The test method comprises the following steps: dextran for tail vein injection

Positive control: compound dexamethasone acetate cream and compound ketoconazole ointment

And (4) test conclusion: 0.2% of example 1 has the same effect of relieving itching as the compound ketoconazole ointment, and 0.5% of example 1 and example 1

4. Example 5 was superior to the 2 positive controls. The invention proves that the invention has obvious effect of relieving itching. Changes in the formulation proportions also have a significant effect on efficacy.

Table 1 antipruritic-test results of animal test methods

2. Antipruritic-animal test method

Test subjects: each group of 10 guinea pigs, half male and female, 250-300 g

The test method comprises the following steps: smearing histamine on foot and back of guinea pig

And (4) test conclusion: 0.4% of examples 1, 4 and 5 corresponded to the positive control group. The invention proves that the invention has obvious effect of relieving itching. Changes in the formulation proportions also have a significant effect on efficacy.

Table 2 antipruritic-test results of animal test methods

3. Stability test (d): the liquid chromatography detection method of total saponins (gentiopicrin, swertiamarin and swertiamarin) of the sample to be detected has the longest time of no discoloration and no precipitation under the conditions of 4 ℃, 48 ℃ and normal temperature illumination.

Liquid chromatography: agilent 1260

A chromatographic column: eclipse Plus C18(5 μm 460 mm);

mobile phase:

Time	methanol	Acetonitrile	Water (W)
				0-5	20	20	60
5-10	35	20	45
				10-25	60	20	10
25-30	20	20	60

Flow rate: 1.0 ml/min; column temperature: 25 ℃; detection wavelength: 250 nm; sample introduction: 10 μ l.

And (4) test conclusion: as can be seen from the comparison between example 1 and comparative examples 1, 2, 3 and 4, the device and process of the present invention can significantly improve the extraction efficiency, shorten the extraction time, reduce the color of the extract, and greatly improve the stability of the extract.

As can be seen from the comparison between example 1 and comparative examples 5 and 6, the change of the core ratio will affect the total saponin extraction amount and stability.

Table 3 antipruritic-test results of animal test methods

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The extraction equipment of the plant antipruritic substance is characterized in that the plant antipruritic substance comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of gentian; 45-55 parts of gentiana macrophylla; 15-35 parts of swertia; draw equipment including drawing jar (1), liquid storage pot (2) and heater (4), liquid storage pot (2), draw jar (1) and heater (4) loop through pipeline (6) and be linked together, just the intercommunication has liquid pump (3) on pipeline (6), draw jar (1) inside can dismantle and be provided with medicine frame (25), the business turn over liquid department of drawing jar (1), liquid storage pot (2) and heater (4) is provided with valve (5), its characterized in that: a filter screen (26) is arranged on the side wall of the medicine frame (25), a circulating liquid inlet (15) and a circulating liquid outlet (14) which are communicated with a pipeline (6) are arranged on the side wall of the extraction tank (1), the circulating liquid inlet (15) and the circulating liquid outlet (14) are communicated through an adjusting pipe (12), a switch valve (13) is arranged on the adjusting pipe (12), a guide pipe (16) communicated with the pipeline (6) is arranged at one end, far away from the circulating liquid outlet (14), of the extraction tank (1), a liquid guide valve (17) is arranged on the guide pipe (16), one end, close to the pipeline (6), of the guide pipe (16) is communicated with the heater (4) through a connecting pipe (41), and a connecting valve (42) is arranged on the connecting pipe (41); draw jar (1) inside honeycomb duct (22) that is provided with, be provided with a plurality of water conservancy diversion holes (29) on honeycomb duct (22) the lateral wall, honeycomb duct (22) are linked together with circulation liquid outlet (14), honeycomb duct (22) are close to the one end of circulation liquid import (15) and are provided with apron (24), and honeycomb duct (22) wear to establish on apron (24), it is provided with a plurality of flow distribution holes (32) to run through on apron (24), medicine frame (25) are around setting up honeycomb duct (22), filter screen (26) set up in medicine frame (25) and are close to a lateral wall of honeycomb duct (22).

2. An extraction device for extracting a formulation of phytoantipruritic substances according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cover plate (24) is provided with a drainage groove (31), the drainage groove (31) comprises an annular part (311) and a dredging part (312), and the diversion hole (32) is formed in the bottom of the drainage groove (31).

3. An extraction device for extracting a formulation of phytoantipruritic substances according to claim 2, characterized in that: a support table (27) is arranged at one end of the draft tube (22) close to the circulating liquid outlet (14), the medicine frame (25) is arranged on the support table (27) in an abutting mode, and a first sealing ring (28) is arranged at the abutting position of the support table (27) and the medicine frame (25); and the side walls of the cover plate (24) close to the extraction tank (1) and the draft tube (22) are respectively provided with a second sealing ring (23) and a third sealing ring (33).

4. An extraction device for extracting a formulation of phytoantipruritic substances according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cover plate (24) is detachably arranged at one end, close to the circulating liquid inlet (15), of the medicine frame (25) in a covering mode, and a hanging ring (30) is arranged on the cover plate (24).

5. An extraction device for extracting a formulation of phytoantipruritic substances according to claim 1, characterized in that: draw jar (1) and keep away from one end of circulation liquid export (14) and be provided with and draw jar cover (7) that jar (1) adaptation covered, the one end of keeping away from and drawing jar (1) in jar cover (7) is provided with rotor arm (8), rotor arm (8) are articulated with lid (7), draw fixed support frame (10) that is provided with on jar (1) lateral wall, the one end that support frame (10) are close to lid (7) is articulated to be provided with driving piece (11), the one end that lid (7) were kept away from in rotor arm (8) is articulated to be set up with driving piece (11), draw jar (1) lateral wall is fixed to be provided with mount (9), the one end that mount (9) are close to lid (7) is articulated to set up with rotor arm (8).

6. An extraction device for extracting a formulation of phytoantipruritic substances according to claim 5, characterized in that: the utility model discloses a seal ring, including lug (18), lug (18) and boss (19), the lateral wall edge of pivoted department of rotor arm (8) and cover (7) is kept away from in cover (7), draw jar (1) lateral wall be provided with boss (19) that lug (18) looks adaptation covered, boss (19) with be provided with on the lateral wall of lug (18) looks butt and seal ring four (21), the one end that cover (7) were kept away from in boss (19) is provided with buckle (20).

7. A method for preparing a plant antipruritic substance, using the extraction apparatus for extracting a plant antipruritic substance according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of: