CN111328767B - Egg chicken salmonella truncation method - Google Patents
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- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 241000607142 Salmonella Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 244000144992 flock Species 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 210000003555 cloaca Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013594 poultry meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012865 aseptic processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 compound vitamin Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010022000 influenza Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000607132 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Gallinarum Species 0.000 claims 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000001550 testis Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000035143 Bacterial infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010016952 Food poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000019331 Foodborne disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000005577 Gastroenteritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010017914 Gastroenteritis salmonella Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010039438 Salmonella Infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000012873 acute gastroenteritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000022362 bacterial infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 206010039447 salmonellosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cutting off salmonella in laying hens, which comprises the following steps: 1) collecting drinking water for raising chickens, environment dust in a henhouse, a chicken cloaca and eggs to detect salmonella, wherein the detection frequency is that the drinking water is detected once a month, the environment dust is detected once a month, the chicken cloaca is detected once a month, and the eggs are detected once a half a month; 2) carrying out artificial forced moulting on chickens which are detected to be positive in drinking water, dust fall, cloaca and eggs and purifying; and (3) repeating the operation of the step 1), and comparing the detection results of the salmonella before and after moulting. According to the salmonella cutting method, salmonella detection is directly carried out on the bred chicken flocks, and the chicken flocks which are detected to be positive are purified by adopting a forced molting technology, so that the aim of cutting off salmonella transmission is fulfilled; does not need to feed sterilizing drugs, meets the requirement of green and healthy cultivation, not only ensures the benefit of laying hen cultivation and production, but also ensures the food safety of eggs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a salmonella truncation method, in particular to a method for truncating salmonella of laying hens.
Background
The food safety is a big problem facing human beings, the salmonella is a very important role, about 70 percent of the food safety is related to the salmonella, and the salmonella not only causes poultry infection, but also causes bacterial infection of human beings, thereby causing diseases such as food poisoning and acute gastroenteritis. The standard of the new pollution-free eggs is very strict, and salmonella cannot be detected in the eggs.
The infection routes of salmonella are: salmonella mainly invades a farm by taking chicks, people, medium animals, management equipment, feed and the like as media, and is difficult to remove once polluted due to strong resistance in the natural environment; infected hens lay eggs with bacteria, and if the eggs with the bacteria are not completely sterilized at high temperature, people eat the eggs to cause salmonella poisoning, so that the situation that the feeding environment of laying hens and laying hens is not polluted by salmonella is particularly important. Therefore, in the management of the existing laying hen breeding, detection is mainly carried out from the front ends of ancestors, parents and hatching, and chickens with positive detection are eliminated, so that the possibility of vertical propagation of salmonella is cut off, in the later-stage breeding management process, the monitoring and control on the breeding environment and the salmonella in eggs are well carried out, but the control measure on the horizontal propagation of the salmonella in the laying hens is very limited; the control is carried out by feeding the medicine for killing the salmonella, although the quantity of the salmonella can be reduced, the requirement of green and healthy culture is not met, and the salmonella cannot be eliminated fundamentally.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for cutting off salmonella of laying hens, which aims to solve the problem that the conventional laying hen breeding method usually adopts hatching front-end detection screening or rear-end feeding of a sterilization medicament to avoid salmonella infection.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for cutting off Salmonella in laying hens comprises the following steps: 1) collecting drinking water for raising chickens, environment dust in a henhouse, a chicken cloaca and eggs to detect salmonella, wherein the detection frequency is that the drinking water is detected once a month, the environment dust is detected once a month, the chicken cloaca is detected once a month, and the eggs are detected once a half a month; 2) carrying out artificial forced moulting on chickens which are detected to be positive in drinking water, dust fall, cloaca and eggs and purifying; and (3) repeating the operation of the step 1), and comparing the detection results of the salmonella before and after moulting.
According to the salmonella cutting method, salmonella detection is directly carried out on the bred chicken flocks, the chicken flocks which are detected to be positive are purified by adopting a forced moulting technology, and in the later feeding management process, the feeding environment and the salmonella in eggs are well monitored and controlled, so that the purpose of cutting off salmonella transmission is achieved; only the fry or young chicken introduced at the front end needs to be confirmed, and no sterilizing medicine needs to be fed, so that the requirements of green and healthy breeding are met, the benefit of laying hen breeding and production is ensured, and the food safety of eggs is also ensured.
In the step 1), the detection steps of salmonella are as follows: sampling: taking 3 parts of water, 5 parts of dust, 20 parts of cloaca testes and 50 parts of eggs; pre-enrichment: after the sample to be detected is subjected to aseptic processing, putting the sample into a 37 ℃ incubator for culturing for 24 hours; sample inoculation: taking out a sample with pre-enriched bacteria, and inoculating the sample to a DHL culture medium in an aseptic operation; enrichment culture: placing the inoculated sample into a constant temperature box to be cultured for 24 hours, and observing the result; and (6) judging a result.
The traditional salmonella detection method usually adopts a national standard method for detection, the consumed time is long, the average time is 5-7 days, and the operation steps are complex, but the detection result can be obtained in 2 days on the basis of ensuring the detection effect by the detection steps of the invention.
The forced molting operation steps are as follows: (1) a preparation period: before the feed of the chicken flocks is cut off, sick, weak, defective chicken and low-yield chicken are selected, and a general survey is carried out on the influenza antibody of the chicken flocks to ensure that the chicken flocks are in a relatively healthy state; then, arbitrarily selecting 10 cage positions at the middle position of the chicken house for fixed weighing, calculating the average weight as the initial weight before moulting, weighing dead chicken in the hencoops without supplementing cages during moulting, weighing once every other day 5 days before material failure, and illuminating for 24 hours every day 3 days before material failure; (2) and (3) material breaking period: fodder is supplied with the complete stop, and drinking water is incessant, and artifical addition calcium grain adds according to the volume of 15 g/only in the silo during the food deprivation period, stops completely up to laying eggs, and the illumination of fixed 10 hours on daytime stops the light filling at night, and specific time of turning on light 6: 45, light-off time 16: 45, a first step of; (3) a moulting period: when the weight loss rate of the chickens in the feed interruption period reaches more than 25% or the death and culling rate reaches 2%, feeding and feeding are started, the chickens are continuously fed for 2 months, and the chickens are weighed once every 3 days; (4) after the production performance of the chicken flocks is stable, the whole flock is used as a live vaccine for a new poultry.
In the step (3), controlling the feeding amount: day 1-2, 60 g/day, day 3-4, 90 g/day; on 5-10 days, 100 g/day, after 10 days, the feed is normally taken, and the feed has the following nutritional requirements: 15.5 percent of protein and 2750kcal of energy, and probiotics and premix are added into the feed, wherein the adding proportion of the probiotics is 0.5 percent, and the adding proportion of the premix is 2-3 percent, and the premix comprises amino acid, compound vitamin, trace elements, enzyme preparation and calcium hydrophosphate.
The temperature control range in the forced molting operation process is 18-25 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. according to the method for intercepting the salmonella in the laying hens, the salmonella of the bred laying hens is directly detected, the positive chicken is purified by adopting a forced moulting technology, and the breeding environment and the salmonella in the eggs are well monitored and controlled in the later-stage breeding management process, so that the purpose of intercepting the spread of the salmonella is achieved;
2. according to the method for cutting off the salmonella of the laying hens, only the fry or the young chicken introduced at the front end is confirmed, and no sterilizing medicine is required to be fed, so that the method meets the requirements of green and healthy breeding, not only is the benefit of laying hen breeding production ensured, but also the food safety of eggs is ensured;
3. according to the egg chicken salmonella truncation method, on the basis of ensuring the detection effect, the national standard method adopted by the traditional salmonella detection is improved, the detection time is shortened, and the detection result can be obtained by shortening the traditional average 5-7 days to 2 days.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not used as limitations of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for cutting off Salmonella in laying hens comprises the following steps: 1) collecting drinking water for raising chickens, environment dust in a henhouse, a chicken cloaca and eggs to detect salmonella, wherein the detection frequency is that the drinking water is detected once a month, the environment dust is detected once a month, the chicken cloaca is detected once a month, and the eggs are detected once a half a month; 2) carrying out artificial forced moulting on chickens which are detected to be positive in drinking water, dust fall, cloaca and eggs and purifying; and (3) repeating the operation of the step 1), and comparing the detection results of the salmonella before and after moulting.
According to the salmonella cutting method, salmonella detection is directly carried out on the bred chicken flocks, the chicken flocks which are detected to be positive are purified by adopting a forced moulting technology, and in the later feeding management process, the feeding environment and the salmonella in eggs are well monitored and controlled, so that the purpose of cutting off salmonella transmission is achieved; only the fry or young chicken introduced at the front end needs to be confirmed, and no sterilizing medicine needs to be fed, so that the requirements of green and healthy breeding are met, the benefit of laying hen breeding and production is ensured, and the food safety of eggs is also ensured.
In the step 1), the detection steps of salmonella are as follows: sampling: taking 3 parts of water, 5 parts of dust, 20 parts of cloaca testes and 50 parts of eggs; pre-enrichment: after the sample to be detected is subjected to aseptic processing, putting the sample into a 37 ℃ incubator for culturing for 24 hours; sample inoculation: taking out a sample with pre-enriched bacteria, and inoculating the sample to a DHL culture medium in an aseptic operation; enrichment culture: placing the inoculated sample into a constant temperature box to be cultured for 24 hours, and observing the result; and (6) judging a result.
The traditional salmonella detection method usually adopts a national standard method for detection, the consumed time is long, the average time is 5-7 days, and the operation steps are complex, but the detection result can be obtained in 2 days on the basis of ensuring the detection effect by the detection steps of the invention.
The forced molting operation steps are as follows: (1) a preparation period: before the feed of the chicken flocks is cut off, sick, weak, defective chicken and low-yield chicken are selected, and a general survey is carried out on the influenza antibody of the chicken flocks to ensure that the chicken flocks are in a relatively healthy state; then, arbitrarily selecting 10 cage positions at the middle position of the chicken house for fixed weighing, calculating the average weight as the initial weight before moulting, weighing dead chicken in the hencoops without supplementing cages during moulting, weighing once every other day 5 days before material failure, and illuminating for 24 hours every day 3 days before material failure; (2) and (3) material breaking period: fodder is supplied with the complete stop, and drinking water is incessant, and artifical addition calcium grain adds according to the volume of 15 g/only in the silo during the food deprivation period, stops completely up to laying eggs, and the illumination of fixed 10 hours on daytime stops the light filling at night, and specific time of turning on light 6: 45, light-off time 16: 45, a first step of; (3) a moulting period: when the weight loss rate of the chickens in the feed interruption period reaches more than 25% or the death and culling rate reaches 2%, feeding and feeding are started, the chickens are continuously fed for 2 months, and the chickens are weighed once every 3 days; (4) after the production performance of the chicken flocks is stable, the whole flock is used as a live vaccine for a new poultry.
In the step (3), controlling the feeding amount: day 1-2, 60 g/day, day 3-4, 90 g/day; on 5-10 days, 100 g/day, after 10 days, the feed is normally taken, and the feed has the following nutritional requirements: 15.5 percent of protein and 2750kcal of energy, and probiotics and premix are added into the feed, wherein the adding proportion of the probiotics is 0.5 percent, and the adding proportion of the premix is 2-3 percent, and the premix comprises amino acid, compound vitamin, trace elements, enzyme preparation and calcium hydrophosphate.
The temperature control range in the forced molting operation process is 18-25 ℃.
Example 2
In order to produce high-quality eggs, chicken flocks with 50000 feather in stock quantity of a certain laying hen farm and 412 days of day age are selected, and the cutting method is adopted to control the salmonella in the eggs. Firstly, the detection steps of the invention are adopted to carry out salmonella detection on the samples of each sampling point of the chicken flock, and the results are as follows
TABLE 1 detection table for Salmonella in chicken group
As can be seen from Table 1, some samples were tested positive, so the test results are shown below.
TABLE 2 secondary detection table for salmonella of chicken group
As can be seen from Table 2, the chicken flock is confirmed to be infected by salmonella, forced moulting is carried out on the chicken flock, the detection steps of the invention are repeated after the forced moulting is finished, and the detection results are as follows:
TABLE 3 detection table for salmonella of chicken after forced molting operation
Table 3 shows that after forced moulting, the detection results of samples at each sampling point are negative to salmonella, the invention can find whether the chicken flocks are infected with salmonella in time through detection, achieves the aim of purifying the salmonella by adopting a forced moulting means for the infected chicken flocks, can realize the cutoff of the salmonella without feeding sterilizing medicaments, meets the requirements of green and healthy cultivation, ensures the benefit of laying hen cultivation and production and also ensures the food safety of eggs.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for cutting off salmonella in laying hens is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) collecting drinking water for chicken group breeding, environment dust falling in a henhouse, a chicken cloaca swab and eggs for salmonella detection, wherein the detection frequency is that the drinking water is detected once a month, the environment dust falling is detected once a month, the chicken cloaca is detected once a month, and the eggs are detected once a half a month; 2) purifying chicken flocks which are detected to be positive in drinking water, environmental dust, cloaca and eggs by artificial forced moulting; comparing the detection results of the salmonella before and after moulting; in the step 1), the detection steps of salmonella are as follows: sampling: taking 3 parts of drinking water, 5 parts of environmental dust, 20 parts of chicken cloaca swab and 50 parts of eggs; pre-enrichment: after the sample to be detected is subjected to aseptic processing, putting the sample into a 37 ℃ incubator for culturing for 24 hours; sample inoculation: taking out a sample with pre-enriched bacteria, and inoculating the sample to a DHL culture medium in an aseptic operation; enrichment culture: placing the inoculated sample into a constant temperature box to be cultured for 24 hours, and observing the result; judging a result; the forced molting operation steps are as follows: (1) a preparation period: before the feed of the chicken flocks is cut off, sick, weak, defective chicken and low-yield chicken are selected, and a general survey is carried out on the influenza antibody of the chicken flocks to ensure that the chicken flocks are in a relatively healthy state; then, arbitrarily selecting 10 cage positions at the middle position of the chicken house for fixed weighing, calculating the average weight as the initial weight before moulting, weighing dead chicken in the hencoops without supplementing cages during moulting, weighing once every other day 5 days before material failure, and illuminating for 24 hours every day 3 days before material failure; (2) and (3) material breaking period: fodder is supplied with the complete stop, and drinking water is incessant, and artifical addition calcium grain adds according to the volume of 15 g/only in the silo during the disconnected material, stops completely until laying eggs, and the illumination of fixed 10 hours on daytime stops the light filling at night, and specific time of turning on light 6: 45, light-off time 16: 45, a first step of; (3) a moulting period: when the weight loss rate of the chickens in the feed interruption period reaches more than 25% or the death and culling rate reaches 2%, feeding and feeding are started, the chickens are continuously fed for 2 months, and the chickens are weighed once every 3 days; (4) after the production performance of the chicken flocks is stable, the whole flock is used as a live vaccine for a new poultry.
2. The method for truncating salmonella gallinarum according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the feeding amount is controlled by: day 1-2, 60 g/day, day 3-4, 90 g/day; on 5-10 days, 100 g/day, after 10 days, the feed is normally taken, and the feed has the following nutritional requirements: 15.5 percent of protein and 2750kcal of energy, and probiotics and premix are added into the feed, wherein the adding proportion of the probiotics is 0.5 percent, and the adding proportion of the premix is 2-3 percent, and the premix comprises amino acid, compound vitamin, trace elements, enzyme preparation and calcium hydrophosphate.
3. The method for truncating salmonella gallinarum according to claim 1, wherein the temperature during the forced moulting operation is controlled within a range of 18 ℃ to 25 ℃.
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Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| "Effect of Two Different Molting Procedures on a Salmonella enteritidis Infection";R.J.BUHR et. al.;《Poultry Science》;19940801;第73卷(第8期);第1267-1275页 * |
| "浅析蛋鸡强制换羽的理论基础与操作方法";王艳秋;《北方牧业》;20200305(第5期);第23页 * |
| "鸡蛋沙门菌控制及其公共卫生意义";徐桂云 等;《中国家禽》;20101125;第32卷(第22期);第2页左栏第12-14行、右栏倒数第34行、倒数第13-14行 * |
| 徐桂云 等."鸡蛋沙门菌控制及其公共卫生意义".《中国家禽》.2010,第32卷(第22期),第2页左栏第12-14行、右栏倒数第34行、倒数第13-14行. * |
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